Sophocles Electra 19

Lewis Campbell (Translator)

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EL
’Twas dire oppression taught me my complaint
I know my rage a quenchless fire:
But nought, however dire,
Shall visit this my frenzy with restraint,
Or check my lamentation while I live.
Dear friends, kind women of true Argive breed,
Say, who can timely counsel give
90
Or word of comfort suited to my need?
90
Beyond all cure shall this my cause be known.
No counsels more! Ah leave,
Vain comforters, and let me grieve
With ceaseless pain, unmeasured in my moan.

Electra. Sophocles. Lewis Campbell (Translator). London, New York and Toronto. 1906.

Current edition Experimental

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 19 focus
μέλαινά τ᾿ ἄστρων ἐκλέλοιπεν εὐφρόνη.
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 1-120 focus
Translations (4)
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 23 focus
bester Diener, liebster Mann, wie legst du mir
Der Treue Zeichen gegen uns so deutlich dar!
Denn wie das Noß aus edler Art, obschon betagt,
25
In keiner Schreckniß und Gefahr den Muth verliert,
Nein, stolz das Ohr aufrichtet: also du, der uns
Zum Kampfe treibt und selbst der Ersten Einer folgt.
Drum will ich offenbaren, was ich ausgedacht;
Doch du vergönne meinem Wort ein scharfes Ohr,
30
Und traf ich nicht das Rechte, gib mir andern Rath.
Nachdem ich angekommen war bei'm pythischen
Orakel, dort zu fragen, wie des Vaters Tod
Ich rächen mög' an jenen, die ihn mordeten,
Gebot mir Phöbos also, wie du gleich vernimmst:
35
Den Streich gerechter Rache mit geheimer List
Allein zu führen, nicht bewehrt mit Schild und Heer.
Nun, da mir solcher Gottesspruch verkündet ward,
Tritt du, sobald die Stunde dich gelegen führt,
Zu diesem Haus ein, auszuspäh'n, was hier geschieht,
40
Auf daß du klar uns meldest, was du wohl erforscht.
Unkenntlich schuf dich Alter und die lange Zeit,
Und vor Verdacht bewahrt dich dieser Blumenschmuck. 1
Doch also sprich zu jenen, daß ein Fremdling du,
Ein Phoker seiest, abgesandt von Phanoteus; 2
45
Denn dieser Mann ist ihres Hauses bester Freund.
Mit Eid betheuernd, melde dann, Orestes sei
Dahingeschieden durch ein unerbittlich Loos,
Bei Kämpfen Pytho's aus dem raschhinrollenden 3
Rennwagen stürzend. Also sei der Rede Sinn.
50
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 19 focus
Electra
Thou mayst ;
I had not else beyond the palace dai-ed
To wander hither.
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 19 focus
Electra
O day, how hateful to me were thy beams!
O fatal night, and all the hideous woes
Of that nefarious supper! O vile death,
Which closed my father's eyes, how basely slain,
Slain by the hands of two! Those hands destroy'd
My life, betray'd, abandon'd, and undone.
Oh may the mighty god, that holds his seat
On high Olympus, on their heads repay
Avenging sufferings! Never may they taste
205
The sweet delights of joy, who did these things!
205
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 1-120 focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-49-1 πολλὰς μὲν … ᾔσθου 1

mvp-comment-49-2 ἀντήρεις 2

mvp-comment-50-1 πληγὰς 3 πλαγὰς 4

mvp-comment-51-1 ὑπολειφθῇ 5 ᾔσθου 6

mvp-comment-52-1 τὰ … παννυχίδων 7 ξυνίσας’ 8 ὅσα … θρηνῶ 9

mvp-comment-52-2 ἤδη 10

mvp-comment-52-3 The MS. οἴκων 11 λέκτρων 12 μογερῶν 13

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

86-250. mvp-comment-59-1 In this long lament there are two principal movements, each of which admits of subdivision. First, the monody of Electra, consisting of two anapaestic systems, of which one (ll. 86-102) is retrospective, and the other (ll. 103-120) is prospective. Secondly, there is the commatic parodos :-the chorus on their entrance address Electra with lyric strains, to which she responds also in lyric measures. This movement consists of three strophes and antistrophes. In στρ. and ἀντ. α' (ll. 121-152), the chorus gently, but gloomily, expostulate with Electra, who is inconsolable. In στρ. and ἀντ. β΄ (ll. 153-192), they vainly try to cheer her. In στρ. and ἀντ. γ΄ (ll. 193- 232), they remind her of her past and present troubles, and exhort her not to add to them. All this is followed by a ῥῆσις of Electra (ll. 254-309) in reply to the coryphaeus, who, at l. 324, again speaks to call attention to Chrysothemis' approach.

86-250. mvp-comment-59-2 Metres. The anapaests in 86-120, although for the most part regular are in so far of the freer kind which belong to laments as to admit the spondaic paroemiacs near the commencement of each system in ll. 88, 9, 105, 6, which, with the opening half line, have a strange effect of heaviness and of struggle and pain. The two systems so nearly correspond, both in this respect and in the number of the lines, that one is tempted to believe that the half line that would complete the antistrophic effect has been lost somewhere between 113 and 117. But anapaestic systems are seldom exactly antistrophic, and the pause after the (dactylic) invocation in l. 115 may be intentional.

86-92. mvp-comment-60-1 Electra tells her sorrows to the daylight and to the air of Heaven, as she has told them all night long to her sleepless chamber. The holy light contrasts with the pollutions of the house of Pelops; the illimitable air,- which searches even to earth's remotest corners, and is common to Orestes and herself, both contrasts with the narrowness of her lot, and can alone contain the boundlessness of her grief.

87-90. mvp-comment-62-1 ὥς μοι .. αἱμασσομένων] ‘How many tones of my lamenting. how many blows that bruised my bleeding breast, have thrilled you!' στέρνων is objective genitive with πληγάς, but is to be resumed with ἀντήρεις, lit. 'planted firmly against.'

91. mvp-comment-63-1 ὑπολειφθῇ] 'Hath ceased,' lit. 'Has been outrun,' i.e. by the day. Cp. Αj. 672, 3, ἐξίσταται δὲ νυκτὸς αἰανὴς κύκλος | τῇ λευκοπώλῳ φέγγος ἡμέρᾳ φλέγειν.

92-93. mvp-comment-64-1 τὰ δὲ.. οἴκων] ‘And when night comes on, the detested chamber in this weary house knows too well what festive hours I pass.' There is a bitter irony that can hardly be rendered, in using the word παννυχίς, generally a festal celebration, of the sleepless nights of mourning. Cp. Ant. 152, 3, θεῶν δὲ ναοὺς χοροῖς | παννυχίοις πάντας ἐπέλθωμεν, and, for the general sense, cp. Od. 19. 518 foll. ὡς δ᾽ ὅτε Πανδαρέου κούρη, χλωρηΐς ᾿Αηδών, | καλὸν ἀείδῃσιν, ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο, | δενδρέων ἐν πετάλοισι καθεζομένη πυκινοῖσιν, | ἥ τε θαμὰ τρωπῶσα χέει πολυηχέα φωνήν, | παῖδ᾽ ὀλοφυρομένη Ἴτυλον φίλον, ὅν ποτε χαλκῷ | κτεῖνε δι᾽ ἀφραδίας, κοῦρον Ζήθοιο ἄνακτος· | ὣς καὶ ἐμοὶ δίχα θυμὸς ὀρώρεται ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα. See below, ll. 107, 148, 9. ἤδη contrasts παννυχίδων with what precedes.