Sophocles Electra 610

mvp-comment-103-1 μήτε ὑπεράχθεο ¹ οἷς ²

mvp-comment-104-1 εὐμαρὴς θεός ³ θεός ⁴

mvp-comment-105-1 οὔτε γὰρ ⁵

mvp-comment-105-2 Κρῖσαν ⁶

mvp-comment-105-3 Crisa stood about two miles W.S.W. of Delphi, on a spur of Parnassus, at the lower outlet of the gorge through which the river Pleistus issues into the plain. The Iliad mentions ‘sacred Crisa’ (

, 2. 520). But the Homeric Hymn to the Pythian Apollo is the best witness to its ancient power. There, just as here, the name includes the land which stretches southward from the town to its harbour on the ‘wide gulf’ (vv. 253— 261). We need not, then, read or . Crisa was the earliest seat of trade on the western sea; Delphi, when first founded, was merely a sanctuary in its territory. Pindar recalls the old prominence of its name when he describes a Pythian victory as won ( P. 6. 18).

mvp-comment-105-4 Cirrha, a town of much later date, was the port of Crisa on the gulf. About 585 B.C., the Delphians, aided by Cleisthenes of Sicyon and his allies, succeeded, after a long struggle, in humbling Crisa and destroying Cirrha. The Crisaean plain was then devoted to Apollo, whose domain was thus extended from his temple to the coast. When Sophocles wrote, that ground was still a

, inviolable by plough or spade. It was not till the middle of the next century that the alleged encroachments of Amphissa on the gave a pretext for war to the Amphictyons (355 B.C.).

mvp-comment-105-5 Ulrichs ( Reisen in Griechenland) was the first to place the relations of Crisa and Cirrha in a clear light. Strabo correctly describes the site of Cirrha, but erroneously places Crisa to the east of it (9. p. 418).

mvp-comment-106-1 βούνομον ⁷ βουνόμον ⁸

mvp-comment-106-2 βούνομον ἀκτὰν ⁹ Κρῖσαν ¹⁰

mvp-comment-107-1 ἀπερίτροπος ¹¹

mvp-comment-108-1 παρὰ τὸν Ἀχέροντα ¹² ἀνάσσων ¹³ θεὸς ¹⁴

mvp-comment-109-1 μὲν ¹⁵

mvp-comment-109-2 ὁ πολὺς … βίοτος ¹⁶

mvp-comment-109-3 ἀνέλπιστος ¹⁷

mvp-comment-109-4 187 *

. I am now satisfied that this is a true correction of τοκέων ¹⁸ ἅτις ¹⁹ τοκέων ²⁰

mvp-comment-110-1 ἁπερεί ²¹

mvp-comment-110-2 ἔποικος ²²

mvp-comment-111-1 οἰκονομῶ θαλάμους ²³

mvp-comment-112-1 ἀεικεῖ σὺν στολᾷ ²⁴

mvp-comment-113-1 κεναῖς δ’ ἀμφίσταμαι τραπέζαις ²⁵ ἀμφίσταμαι ²⁶

mvp-comment-113-2 Hartung, reading

, takes the sense to be that she stands ‘hungry’ by the tables at which the others feast. But as= would be neither usual nor elegant.

mvp-comment-114-1 Hitherto the Chorus have offered consolation or counsel. At v. 213 they return to that strain. But here, moved by Electra's misery, they join with her in bewailing its cause.

mvp-comment-114-2 οἰκτρὰ μὲν … πλαγά ²⁷ κοίταις ²⁸ οἰκτρὰ … αὐδὰ ²⁹

mvp-comment-114-3 Sophocles, who follows the Homeric story as to the banquet, could not but remember the

of the dying Cassandra. And this might naturally suggest to him that other which she had uttered at an earlier moment, immediately after Agamemnon's return,—her presage of his fate, and her own: Aesch. Ag. 1072 —1314.

mvp-comment-114-4 The sense then is:—‘There was a voice of lamentation at the return from Troy’; alluding especially to Cassandra's laments, but also, perhaps, to forebodings in the mouth of the people at Mycenae. ‘And there was a voice of lamentation

, when thy father lay on the couch at the fatal banquet.’ The ‘voice’ at the banquet is, first, that of the dying Agamemnon; but Sophocles may have thought also of Cassandra's death-cry, which was sounding in the king's ears as he fell.—For other interpretations, see Appendix.

mvp-comment-114-5 νόστοις ³⁰ ἐν ³¹

mvp-comment-114-6 κοίταις ³²

mvp-comment-114-7 ὅτε οἱ ³³ σοι ³⁴ ἀνταία ³⁵

mvp-comment-114-8 γενύων ³⁶

mvp-comment-115-1 δόλος … ἔρος ³⁷

mvp-comment-116-1 δεινὰν δεινῶς ³⁸ δεινὰν … μορφάν ³⁹

mvp-comment-116-2 εἴτ’ οὖν … εἴτε ⁴⁰ βροτῶν ⁴¹

mvp-comment-117-1 πλέον … ἐχθίστα ⁴²

mvp-comment-117-2 δὴ ⁴³

mvp-comment-118-1 νὺξ ⁴⁴

mvp-comment-118-2 δείπνων ⁴⁵

mvp-comment-119-1 ἄχθη ⁴⁶ τοῖς ⁴⁷ θανάτους ⁴⁸

mvp-comment-119-2 διδύμαιν χειροῖν ⁴⁹ διδύμοιν ⁵⁰

mvp-comment-120-1 εἷλον … πρόδοτον ⁵¹

mvp-comment-121-1 οἷς ⁵²

mvp-comment-121-2 Ὀλύμπιος ⁵³

mvp-comment-122-1 ποίνιμα ⁵⁴

mvp-comment-123-1 ἀγλαΐας ⁵⁵

mvp-comment-123-2 ἀποναίατο ⁵⁶

mvp-comment-124-1 πόρσω ⁵⁷

mvp-comment-125-1 γνώμαν ἴσχεις ⁵⁸

mvp-comment-125-2 ἐξ οἵων ⁵⁹

mvp-comment-125-3 τὰ παρόντ’ ⁶⁰

mvp-comment-125-4 οἰκείας ⁶¹

mvp-comment-126-1 πολύ … τι κακῶν ⁶²

mvp-comment-126-2 ὑπερεκτήσω ⁶³

mvp-comment-127-1 τὰ δὲ ⁶⁴ οὐκ ἐριστὰ τοῖς δυνατοῖς ⁶⁵ πλάθειν ⁶⁶

mvp-comment-127-2 ἐριστά ⁶⁷

mvp-comment-127-3 πλάθειν ⁶⁸

mvp-comment-128-1 δεινοῖς ἠναγκάσθην ⁶⁹

mvp-comment-129-1 ὀργά ⁷⁰ ἔξοιδ’ ⁷¹

mvp-comment-130-1 ἀλλὰ … γὰρ ⁷²

mvp-comment-130-2 ἐν … δεινοῖς ⁷³

mvp-comment-130-3 σχήσω ⁷⁴

mvp-comment-130-4 ταύτας ἄτας ⁷⁵

mvp-comment-131-1 ὄφρα ⁷⁶

mvp-comment-131-2 βίος ἔχῃ με ⁷⁷ σχήσω ⁷⁸

mvp-comment-132-1 τίνι γάρ … τίνι φρονοῦντι καίρια ⁷⁹ ἀκούσαιμ’ ἂν πρόσφορον ἔπος ⁸⁰ τίνι ⁸¹ πρόσφορον ⁸²

mvp-comment-132-2 Other explanations are:—(1) Taking the dative with

:—‘To what person who feels aright would that word be suitable which I should hear (=which would be said of me)?’ That is: Should I not deserve to incur a censure from which every right-minded person would shrink? Should I not deserve to be called ? This seems forced; and it does not well suit . (2) Taking the dative with :—‘At whose mouth (= from whom), that thinks aright, could I hear a suitable word of comfort?’ But such a dative seems impossible. In Il. 16. 515 | , the dat. is one of interest, denoting the person whose prayer is heard (‘ for him’); cp. Il. 5. 115 : 24. 335 .

mvp-comment-133-1 ἄνετε ⁸³

mvp-comment-133-2 ἄλυτα ⁸⁴

mvp-comment-133-3 κεκλήσεται ⁸⁵

mvp-comment-133-4 231 f. For ἐκ ⁸⁶

mvp-comment-133-5 ἀνάριθμος ⁸⁷ θρήνων ⁸⁸

mvp-comment-134-1 ἀλλ’ οὖν ⁸⁹ γε ⁹⁰ εὐνοίᾳ ⁹¹

mvp-comment-135-1 μάτηρ ὡσεί τις ⁹²

mvp-comment-136-1 μὴ τίκτειν ⁹³

mvp-comment-136-2 ἄταν ἄταις ⁹⁴

mvp-comment-137-1 καὶ τί μέτρον ⁹⁵ κακότατος ⁹⁶

mvp-comment-137-2 φέρε ⁹⁷

mvp-comment-137-3 ἐπὶ τοῖς φθ. ⁹⁸

mvp-comment-138-1 ἔβλαστ’ ⁹⁹

mvp-comment-139-1 τούτοις ¹⁰⁰

mvp-comment-140-1 εἴ τῳ πρόσκειμαι χρηστῷ ¹⁰¹

mvp-comment-141-1 ξυνναίοιμ’ ¹⁰²

mvp-comment-141-2 εὔκηλος ¹⁰³

mvp-comment-141-3 γονέων ¹⁰⁴ ἐκτίμους ¹⁰⁵

mvp-comment-141-4 ἐκτίμους ἵσχουσα ¹⁰⁶

mvp-comment-141-5 πτέρυγας … γόων ¹⁰⁷

mvp-comment-141-6 ὀξυτόνων ¹⁰⁸

mvp-comment-142-1 εἰ γὰρ ¹⁰⁹

mvp-comment-142-2 γᾶ ¹¹⁰

mvp-comment-142-3 οὐδὲν ¹¹¹ ὢν ¹¹² εἰ ¹¹³

mvp-comment-142-4 Electra is contrasting her father, whose earthly life has been cut short, with his murderers, who survive. But she believes that his spirit lives in the world below, and will be active in aiding the vengeance (453 ff.).

mvp-comment-142-5 πάλιν ¹¹⁴

mvp-comment-142-6 ἀντιφόνους δίκας ¹¹⁵

mvp-comment-143-1 ἔρροι τ’ ¹¹⁶

mvp-comment-143-2 αἰδὼς ¹¹⁷ εὐσέβεια ¹¹⁸

mvp-comment-144-1 ἐγὼ μὲν ¹¹⁹

mvp-comment-144-2 καὶ ¹²⁰ τὸ σὸν … καὶ τοὐμὸν ¹²¹

mvp-comment-145-1 νίκα ¹²²

mvp-comment-145-2 ἅμα ¹²³

mvp-comment-146-1 πολλοῖσι θρήνοις ¹²⁴

mvp-comment-147-1 ἀλλὰ … γὰρ ¹²⁵

mvp-comment-148-1 ἥτις εὐγενὴς γυνή ¹²⁶

mvp-comment-149-1 πατρῷα … πήματα ¹²⁷

mvp-comment-150-1 κατ’ εὐφρόνην ¹²⁸

mvp-comment-150-2 θάλλοντα ¹²⁹

mvp-comment-151-1 ᾗ ¹³⁰

mvp-comment-151-2 πρῶτα μὲν … εἶτα … ἔπειτα ¹³¹ ᾗ ¹³²

mvp-comment-151-3 τὰ μητρὸς ¹³³

mvp-comment-151-4 ἔχθιστα συμβέβηκεν ¹³⁴

mvp-comment-152-1 κἀκ τῶνδ’ ἄρχομαι ¹³⁵

mvp-comment-153-1 λαβεῖν … τὸ τητᾶσθαι ¹³⁶

mvp-comment-154-1 ποίας ¹³⁷ δοκεῖς ¹³⁸

mvp-comment-155-1 ἴδω ¹³⁹ εἰσίδω δ’ ¹⁴⁰ ἴδω δὲ ¹⁴¹

mvp-comment-155-2 μὲν ¹⁴²

mvp-comment-156-1 ἐσθήματα ¹⁴³

mvp-comment-156-2 ἐκείνῳ ¹⁴⁴

mvp-comment-156-3 παρεστίους … λοιβάς ¹⁴⁵ ἔνθ’ ἐκεῖνον ὤλεσεν ¹⁴⁶

mvp-comment-156-4 Acc. to Homer. Hymn. 29. 4 ff., feasts began and ended with libations to Hestia:

| | . Soph. fr. 658 . Other divinities, including Zeus , were similarly honoured; then the paean was sung, and the began ( Plat. Symp.p. 176 A).

mvp-comment-157-1 τούτων ¹⁴⁷

mvp-comment-158-1 αὐτοέντην ¹⁴⁸

mvp-comment-158-2 Brunck first adopted αὐτοέντην ¹⁴⁹ αὐτοφόντην ¹⁵⁰

mvp-comment-158-3 ἡμὶν ¹⁵¹

mvp-comment-159-1 ταλαίνῃ ¹⁵²

mvp-comment-160-1 ταύτην … τῷδε ¹⁵³

mvp-comment-161-1 μιάστορι ¹⁵⁴ Ἐρινὺν ¹⁵⁵

mvp-comment-162-1 ἐγγελῶσα τοῖς ποιουμένοις ¹⁵⁶

mvp-comment-163-1 εὑροῦς’ ¹⁵⁷ τότε ¹⁵⁸

mvp-comment-163-2 The conjecture φρουροῦς’ ¹⁵⁹ τηροῦς’ ¹⁶⁰

mvp-comment-164-1 χοροὺς ἵστησι ¹⁶¹

mvp-comment-164-2 μηλοσφαγεῖ … ἱερὰ ¹⁶²

mvp-comment-164-3 ἔμμην’ ἱερά ¹⁶³

mvp-comment-164-4 τοῖς σωτηρίοις ¹⁶⁴

mvp-comment-164-5 Argive tradition placed Agamemnon's death on the 13th of Gamelion (about the end of January). So said ‘the Argive historians’ (

),— according to an Argive writer named Deinias, who lived about 225 B.C. (Schol. here: Müller, Frag. Hist. vol. III. p. 25.) Possibly, then, the idea of Clytaemnestra's hideous festival may have been suggested to the poet by some actual commemoration of the event in Argolis. There was a cult of Agamemnon in various places,—notably in Laconia. (Cp. Roscher's Lexicon, p. 96.)

mvp-comment-165-1 ἡ δύσμορος ¹⁶⁵ κατὰ στέγας ¹⁶⁶

mvp-comment-166-1 τέτηκα ¹⁶⁷

mvp-comment-166-2 πατρὸς ¹⁶⁸

mvp-comment-166-3 The

is the feast which, in Homeric fashion ( Il. 1. 467 ), would follow the sacrifice (281). Acc. to Eustathius p. 1507. 61 (on Hom. Od. 4. 524 ff.), (or ) was a proverb . The poet may mean that Clytaemnestra called the festival , in direct allusion to (203): and this would give a special point to (277). Cp. Eur. Or. 1008 . But the words do not necessarily imply more than that she called it .

mvp-comment-167-1 αὐτὴ πρὸς αὑτήν ¹⁶⁹ αὑτήν ¹⁷⁰

mvp-comment-167-2 κλαῦσαι ¹⁷¹

mvp-comment-167-3 ἡδονὴν φέρει ¹⁷²

mvp-comment-168-1 ἡ λόγοισι γενναία ¹⁷³

mvp-comment-169-1 φωνοῦσα ¹⁷⁴

mvp-comment-170-1 δύσθεον ¹⁷⁵

mvp-comment-170-2 μίσημα ¹⁷⁶

mvp-comment-170-3 σοὶ μόνῃ ¹⁷⁷

mvp-comment-170-4 τέθνηκεν ¹⁷⁸

mvp-comment-170-5 ἐν πένθει ¹⁷⁹

mvp-comment-171-1 ἐκ γόων ¹⁸⁰

mvp-comment-171-2 οἱ κάτω θεοί ¹⁸¹

mvp-comment-172-1 τάδ’ ¹⁸²

mvp-comment-172-2 ἥξοντ’ Ὀρέστην ¹⁸³

mvp-comment-173-1 παραστᾶς’ ¹⁸⁴

mvp-comment-174-1 ἥτις ¹⁸⁵

mvp-comment-174-2 ὑπεξέθου ¹⁸⁶

mvp-comment-175-1 ἀλλ’ ἴσθι τοι τείσουσά γ’ ¹⁸⁷

mvp-comment-176-1 ὑλακτεῖ ¹⁸⁸

mvp-comment-176-2 σὺν ¹⁸⁹

mvp-comment-176-3 πέλας ¹⁹⁰ παρών ¹⁹¹

mvp-comment-176-4 301 The adv. πάντα ¹⁹²

mvp-comment-176-5 ἄναλκις ¹⁹³

mvp-comment-176-6 ἡ πᾶσα βλάβη ¹⁹⁴

mvp-comment-177-1 σὺν γυναιξὶ ¹⁹⁵

mvp-comment-177-2 τὰς μάχας ¹⁹⁶

mvp-comment-178-1 ἐφήξειν ¹⁹⁷

mvp-comment-179-1 μέλλων … δρᾶν τι ¹⁹⁸

mvp-comment-179-2 τὰς οὔσας τε … καὶ τὰς ἀπούσας ¹⁹⁹

mvp-comment-179-3 μου ²⁰⁰ μοι ²⁰¹

mvp-comment-179-4 διέφθορεν ²⁰²

mvp-comment-180-1 σωφρονεῖν ²⁰³ εὐσεβεῖν ²⁰⁴

mvp-comment-180-2 ἔν τοι κακοῖς ²⁰⁵

mvp-comment-180-3 πολλή )στ’ ἀνάγκη ²⁰⁶ κἀπιτηδεύειν κακά ²⁰⁷

mvp-comment-180-4 I place only a comma, not a colon, after πάρεστιν ²⁰⁸

mvp-comment-181-1 ὄντος … βεβῶτος ²⁰⁹

mvp-comment-182-1 ἦ κάρτα ²¹⁰

mvp-comment-182-2 θυραῖον ²¹¹

mvp-comment-182-3 οἰχνεῖν ²¹²

mvp-comment-182-4 ἀγροῖσι ²¹³

mvp-comment-182-5 τυγχάνει ²¹⁴

mvp-comment-183-1 ἦ κἂν … ἱκοίμην ²¹⁵ ἦ τ<*>ν ²¹⁶ ἦ δἂν ²¹⁷

mvp-comment-183-2 ἐς λόγους τοὺς σοὺς ἱκοίμην ²¹⁸

mvp-comment-184-1 ὡς νῦν ²¹⁹ ὥς νυν ²²⁰

mvp-comment-184-2 ἱστόρει· τί σοι φίλον ²²¹ τό ²²² τά ²²³

mvp-comment-184-3 With the other punctuation, ἱστόρει τί σοι φίλον ²²⁴

mvp-comment-185-1 καὶ δὴ ²²⁵

mvp-comment-185-2 τοῦ κασιγνήτου τί φής ²²⁶

mvp-comment-185-3 ἥξοντος ²²⁷ ἢ μέλλοντος ²²⁸

mvp-comment-186-1 φησίν γε ²²⁹

mvp-comment-186-2 ποεῖ ²³⁰

mvp-comment-187-1 καὶ μὴν ἔγωγ’ ²³¹ γε ²³²

mvp-comment-187-2 οὐκ ὄκνῳ ²³³

mvp-comment-188-1 ἀρκεῖν ²³⁴

mvp-comment-189-1 ἐπεί ²³⁵

mvp-comment-189-2 μακρὰν ²³⁶

mvp-comment-189-3 324 Here, as in 316, νῦν ²³⁷ νυν ²³⁸

mvp-comment-189-4 δόμων ²³⁹ φέρουσαν ²⁴⁰

mvp-comment-190-1 ὅμαιμον ²⁴¹

mvp-comment-190-2 φύσιν ²⁴²

mvp-comment-191-1 Χρυσόθεμιν ²⁴³

mvp-comment-192-1 οἷα ²⁴⁴ νομίζεται ²⁴⁵

mvp-comment-193-1 πρὸς θυρῶνος ἐξόδοις ²⁴⁶ φωνεῖς ²⁴⁷ ἐλθοῦσα ²⁴⁸ αὖ ²⁴⁹

mvp-comment-193-2 330 For the absence of caesura, cp. Ph. 101 n.

mvp-comment-194-1 θυμῷ … χαρίζεσθαι ²⁵⁰

mvp-comment-195-1 καίτοι τοσοῦτόν γ’ οἶδα ²⁵¹

mvp-comment-195-2 κἀμαυτήν, ὅτι ²⁵²

mvp-comment-195-3 333 f. For the repeated ἄν ²⁵³

mvp-comment-195-4 οἶ) αὐτοῖς φρονῶ ²⁵⁴

mvp-comment-196-1 ὑφειμένῃ ²⁵⁵ πλεῖν ²⁵⁶

mvp-comment-196-2 For the image, cp. Eur. Med. 524

(with close-reefed sails) | : Ar. Ran. 997 , | , | | : and conversely Soph. Ant. 715 | . Ovid Epist. 1. 8. 71

moderatius opta, | Et voti, quaeso, contrahe vela tui.

Shakesp. Henry VI., pt. iii, act 3 sc. 3. 5

‘Now Margaret | Must strike her sail, and learn awhile to serve | Where kings command.’

mvp-comment-197-1 καὶ μὴ δοκεῖν ²⁵⁷

mvp-comment-198-1 τοιαῦτα δ’ ἄλλα ²⁵⁸ ἀλλὰ ²⁵⁹ ἄλλα ²⁶⁰

mvp-comment-199-1 καίτοι τὸ μὲν δίκαιον ²⁶¹

mvp-comment-199-2 κρίνεις ²⁶²

mvp-comment-199-3 εἰ … με δεῖ ²⁶³

mvp-comment-199-4 ἐλευθέραν ²⁶⁴

mvp-comment-199-5 ζῆν ²⁶⁵

mvp-comment-199-6 πάντ’ ²⁶⁶

mvp-comment-199-7 ἀκουστέα ²⁶⁷

mvp-comment-200-1 δεινόν γε ²⁶⁸

mvp-comment-201-1 τῆς … τικτούσης ²⁶⁹

mvp-comment-201-2 μέλειν ²⁷⁰

mvp-comment-202-1 τἀμὰ νουθετήματα ²⁷¹

mvp-comment-202-2 κείνης διδακτά ²⁷²

mvp-comment-202-3 ἐκ σαυτῆς ²⁷³

mvp-comment-203-1 The text, which has been suspected (cr. n.), is sound; but the train of thought is somewhat obscured by compression.

mvp-comment-203-2 ‘You forget your father, and care only for your mother. All your counsels to me come from her. Then (

),—that being so,—give up the attempt at a compromise. Make a choice ( ). You can be imprudent ( ),—as you say that I am,—and loyal to your dead father. Or you can be prudent ( ), and forgetful of him,—as you actually are; you who ( ) say, indeed, that you would show your hatred of the murderers if you could; and yet, when I do resist them, you try to turn me from my purpose. You merely add the shame of cowardice to our woes.’

mvp-comment-203-3 ἔπειθ’ ²⁷⁴

mvp-comment-203-4 ἑλοῦ γε ²⁷⁵

mvp-comment-203-5 φρονεῖν κακῶς ²⁷⁶

mvp-comment-203-6 Other explanations are:—(1) ‘Choose to be thought either lost to right feeling, or, if you have such feeling, then at least forgetful of your duty.’ (2) ‘Choose to seem either unintelligent (if you are merely the blind instrument of our rulers); or, if you act with clear understanding (

),—thinking to benefit me,—at least forgetful of your father.’ Both these views assume that the question is merely between two interpretations which might be placed on the present conduct of Chrysothemis. But Electra is putting the dilemma between imprudent loyalty and prudent disloyalty.

mvp-comment-204-1 τῶν φίλων ²⁷⁷

mvp-comment-205-1 ἥτις ²⁷⁸ φρονοῦσα ²⁷⁹ μῖσος ²⁸⁰

mvp-comment-206-1 πάντα ²⁸¹

mvp-comment-206-2 τιμωρουμένης ²⁸²

mvp-comment-207-1 οὔτε … τε ²⁸³

mvp-comment-207-2 τήν τε δρῶσαν ²⁸⁴

mvp-comment-208-1 πρὸς κακοῖσι ²⁸⁵

mvp-comment-208-2 δειλίαν ἔχει ²⁸⁶

mvp-comment-209-1 ἐπεὶ ²⁸⁷

mvp-comment-209-2 ἢ μάθ’ ἐξ ἐμοῦ ²⁸⁸

mvp-comment-210-1 ἐπαρκούντως ²⁸⁹

mvp-comment-211-1 προσάπτειν ²⁹⁰

mvp-comment-211-2 εἴ τις ἔστ’ ἐκεῖ χάρις ²⁹¹

mvp-comment-212-1 ἡμὶν ²⁹² ξύνει ²⁹³

mvp-comment-213-1 τὰ σὰ … δῶῤ ²⁹⁴

mvp-comment-213-2 ἐφ’ οἶσι ²⁹⁵

mvp-comment-213-3 χλιδᾷς ²⁹⁶

mvp-comment-214-1 ὑπεικάθοιμι ²⁹⁷

mvp-comment-214-2 πλουσία ²⁹⁸

mvp-comment-214-3 περιρρείτω ²⁹⁹

mvp-comment-215-1 τοὐμὲ μὴ λυπεῖν ³⁰⁰

mvp-comment-215-2 Remark the resemblance to the passage where Antigone—summing up her position—compares the moral pain of neglecting her duty with those penalties which she contemns:—

( Ant. 468 ). There, too, we have a Sophoclean triad of clauses, the third echoing the first,—as here reiterates the sense of (n. on Ant. 465 ff.).

mvp-comment-215-3 One of the scholia recognises the traditional reading, and explains it correctly: —

(‘as I should do, if’) .—The conjectures have been numerous: see Appendix.

mvp-comment-216-1 οὐδ’ ἂν σὺ ³⁰¹

mvp-comment-217-1 παῖδα ³⁰²

mvp-comment-217-2 κεκλῆσθαι ³⁰³

mvp-comment-218-1 πλείστοις ³⁰⁴

mvp-comment-219-1 μηδὲν ³⁰⁵ πρὸς ὀργὴν ³⁰⁶

mvp-comment-220-1 ἀμφοῖν ³⁰⁷ τοῖς λόγοις ³⁰⁸

mvp-comment-221-1 τῆσδε … αὕτη ³⁰⁹ πάλιν ³¹⁰

mvp-comment-222-1 ἐγὼ μὲν ³¹¹

mvp-comment-222-2 πως ³¹²

mvp-comment-222-3 μύθων ³¹³

mvp-comment-223-1 οὐδ’ ³¹⁴ κοὐδ’ ³¹⁵ ποτέ ³¹⁶

mvp-comment-224-1 ἰὸν ³¹⁷

mvp-comment-224-2 σχήσει ³¹⁸

mvp-comment-225-1 τὸ δεινὸν ³¹⁹

mvp-comment-225-2 εἰ γὰρ τῶνδέ μοι ³²⁰ εἰ ³²¹

mvp-comment-226-1 γὰρ ³²²

mvp-comment-226-2 γόων ³²³ λόγων ³²⁴

mvp-comment-227-1 ἐνταῦθα ³²⁵

mvp-comment-227-2 ἔνθα μή ποτε … προσόψει ³²⁶

mvp-comment-227-3 ζῶσα ³²⁷

mvp-comment-227-4 κατηρεφεῖ ³²⁸

mvp-comment-227-5 χθονὸς τῆσδ’ ἐκτὸς ³²⁹

mvp-comment-227-6 ὑμνήσεις ³³⁰

mvp-comment-228-1 πρὸς ταῦτα ³³¹

mvp-comment-228-2 Nauck reads κοὔ ³³² καί ³³³

mvp-comment-228-3

schol.: H. 4. 3. 5 : so, too, Eur. Heracl. 971 , etc. Cp. ( )= in Soph. Ph. 1155 ; and = in O.T. 78.

mvp-comment-229-1 ἦ ταῦτα δὴ ³³⁴ ἦ … δὴ ³³⁵ ἦ … γὰρ ³³⁶

mvp-comment-229-2 καὶ βεβούλευνται ³³⁷

mvp-comment-230-1 ἀλλ’ ἐξίκοιτο ³³⁸

mvp-comment-230-2 τοῦδέ γ’ οὕνεκ’ ³³⁹

mvp-comment-231-1 τίνα … τόνδ’ ³⁴⁰

mvp-comment-231-2 τάλαινα ³⁴¹

mvp-comment-232-1 εἴ τι τῶνδε ³⁴²

mvp-comment-233-1 ποῦ ποτ’ εἶ φρενῶν ³⁴³

mvp-comment-234-1 ὅπως ³⁴⁴ ὑμῶν ³⁴⁵

mvp-comment-234-2 προσώτατ’ ³⁴⁶ προσωτάτω φύγω ³⁴⁷

mvp-comment-235-1 βίου … τοῦ παρόντος ³⁴⁸

mvp-comment-236-1 καλὸς γὰρ ³⁴⁹

mvp-comment-236-2 θαυμάσαι ³⁵⁰

mvp-comment-237-1 τοῖς φίλοις ³⁵¹

mvp-comment-238-1 εἰκαθεῖν ³⁵²

mvp-comment-239-1 ταῦτα ³⁵³ οὐκ ἐμοὺς ³⁵⁴

mvp-comment-240-1 γε ³⁵⁵ μέντοι ³⁵⁶

mvp-comment-240-2 μὴ )ξ ³⁵⁷

mvp-comment-240-3 πεσεῖν ³⁵⁸

mvp-comment-240-4 399 A woman, speaking of herself in the plur., uses the masc.: Ant. 926

.

mvp-comment-241-1 συγγνώμην ³⁵⁹

mvp-comment-242-1 τἄπη ³⁶⁰

mvp-comment-242-2 πρὸς κακῶν ³⁶¹

mvp-comment-243-1 μή πω ³⁶²

mvp-comment-244-1 οἷπερ … ὁδοῦ ³⁶³

mvp-comment-245-1 τῷ φέρεις ³⁶⁴

mvp-comment-245-2 ἔμπυρα ³⁶⁵

mvp-comment-246-1 τυμβεῦσαι χοάς ³⁶⁶

mvp-comment-247-1 βροτῶν ³⁶⁷

mvp-comment-248-1 ὃν ἔκταν’ αὐτή ³⁶⁸ ὅν γ’ ³⁶⁹

mvp-comment-249-1 τῷ τοῦτ’ ἤρεσεν ³⁷⁰

mvp-comment-250-1 δείματος ³⁷¹

mvp-comment-250-2 δοκεῖν ἐμοί ³⁷²

mvp-comment-251-1 θεοὶ πατρῷοι ³⁷³

mvp-comment-251-2 συγγένεσθέ γ’ ³⁷⁴

mvp-comment-251-3 ἀλλὰ νῦν ³⁷⁵

mvp-comment-252-1 εἴποιμ’ ἂν τότε ³⁷⁶

mvp-comment-253-1 ἐπὶ σμικρὸν ³⁷⁷ ἐπὶ σμικρῶν ³⁷⁸

mvp-comment-253-2 φράσαι ³⁷⁹

mvp-comment-254-1 σμικροὶ λόγοι ³⁸⁰

mvp-comment-255-1 πατρὸς … δευτέραν ὁμιλίαν ³⁸¹

mvp-comment-255-2 ἐφέστιον πῆξαι ³⁸²

mvp-comment-255-3 This sceptre is described in the Iliad (2. 101 f.) as the work of Hephaestus, who gave it Zeus; Hermes transmitted it to Pelops, from whom it passed to Atreus and Agamemnon. The Homeric sceptre is often called

( Il. 2. 268 , etc.), prob. as being ornamented with gold foil, or studded with gold nails ( Il. 1. 246 ). Among the objects found at Mycenae are some supposed remains of such sceptres (Schliem., Myc. 201, etc.).

mvp-comment-255-4 οὑφόρει ποτέ ³⁸³

mvp-comment-256-1 ἔκ τε ³⁸⁴ ἐκ δὲ ³⁸⁵

mvp-comment-256-2 βρύοντα ³⁸⁶

mvp-comment-256-3 ᾧ … γενέσθαι ³⁸⁷

mvp-comment-256-4 The vision resembles that of Astyages, who dreamed that a vine sprang from his daughter Mandanè, the wife of Cambyses,

. The explained this to mean that her son (Cyrus) should reign in his grandfather's stead. ( Her. 1. 108. ) The spreading branches figure also in the dream of Xerxes (7. 19): .

mvp-comment-256-5 In choosing the sceptre of Agamemnon as the stock from which the wondrous growth is put forth, Sophocles may have had in mind the words of Achilles ( Il. 1. 234 ff.);

| , | .

mvp-comment-257-1 του παρόντος ³⁸⁸ τοῦ ³⁸⁹ παρόντος ³⁹⁰ του ³⁹¹

mvp-comment-257-2 Ἡλίῳ δείκνυσι τοὖναρ ³⁹²

mvp-comment-258-1 οὐ κάτοιδα, πλὴν ³⁹³

mvp-comment-258-2 πέμπει με κείνη ³⁹⁴

mvp-comment-259-1 These three verses, which the MSS. give to Electra, and which several recent critics reject (cr. n.), clearly belong to Chrysothemis, and are genuine. Electra's exclamation of joy (411) caused Chrysothemis to ask if her sister had any ground for hope (412). Electra replied that, when she had heard the dream, she would say. This showed her sister that Electra relied merely on the fact that Clytaemnestra had seen some fearful vision. Now, therefore, instead of asking for Electra's interpretation, she merely repeats her counsel (383 f.) before proceeding on her errand. The words

(428 ff.) show the train of her thought. To Chrysothemis, the alarm of Clytaemnestra (427) is more important than the apparition of Agamemnon. The dream is only a new reason why Electra should be cautious,—not why she should hope.

mvp-comment-259-2 The current ascription of the verses to Electra was doubtless prompted by verse 413. It was supposed that the recital of Chrysothemis must be immediately followed by the comments of Electra. But, as Hermann observed, the phrase

would alone suffice to show that the verses belong to Chrysothemis ( cp. 398 ). Nor could the warning, , be fitly uttered by Electra.

mvp-comment-259-3 τῶν ἐγγενῶν ³⁹⁵

mvp-comment-260-1 ἀβουλίᾳ ³⁹⁶

mvp-comment-260-2 σὺν κακῷ ³⁹⁷

mvp-comment-260-3 μέτει ³⁹⁸

mvp-comment-261-1 ἀλλ’ ³⁹⁹

mvp-comment-261-2 ὦ φίλη ⁴⁰⁰ τούτων μὲν ⁴⁰¹

mvp-comment-262-1 οὐ … θέμις ⁴⁰² οὐδ’ ὅσιον ⁴⁰³

mvp-comment-262-2 ἐχθρᾶς ἀπὸ γυναικὸς ⁴⁰⁴

mvp-comment-262-3 κτερίσματ’ ⁴⁰⁵

mvp-comment-262-4 λουτρὰ ⁴⁰⁶

mvp-comment-263-1 ἀλλ’ ἢ πνοαῖσιν ⁴⁰⁷ ῥοαῖσιν ⁴⁰⁸

mvp-comment-263-2 κρύψον ⁴⁰⁹

mvp-comment-263-3 νιν ⁴¹⁰

mvp-comment-263-4 ἔνθα μή ποτ’ ⁴¹¹ ἔνθεν ⁴¹²

mvp-comment-263-5 εὐνὴν ⁴¹³

mvp-comment-264-1 ἀλλ’ ὅταν θάῃν ⁴¹⁴

mvp-comment-264-2 The conjecture ἔστ’ ἂν ⁴¹⁵ ὅταν ⁴¹⁶ σῳζέσθω ⁴¹⁷

mvp-comment-264-3 κειμήλἰ ⁴¹⁸

mvp-comment-265-1 ἀρχὴν ⁴¹⁹ τλημονεστάτη ⁴²⁰

mvp-comment-266-1 ἔβλαστε ⁴²¹

mvp-comment-267-1 ὅν γ’ … τῷδ’ ⁴²²

mvp-comment-267-2 ἐπέστεφε ⁴²³

mvp-comment-267-3 442 f. The position of αὐτῇ ⁴²⁴

mvp-comment-267-4 δέξεσθαι ⁴²⁵

mvp-comment-267-5 It seems, then, a reasonable inference that here, where the reference is to future time, he would have written δέξεσθαι ⁴²⁶ δέξασθαι ⁴²⁷

mvp-comment-267-6 444 ff. Join θανὼν ἄτιμος ⁴²⁸

mvp-comment-267-7 ἐμασχαλίσθη ⁴²⁹

mvp-comment-267-8 Two different motives are assigned by the Greek commentators; viz.:—(1) the desire to render the dead incapable of wreaking vengeance (

): (2) the desire to make an atonement ( ). There can be little doubt that the first of these motives was the primitive origin of the custom. If the second was afterwards blended with it, the idea may have been that of offering the severed portions to the gods below,—as a victim was devoted to death by cutting off a lock of hair ( Eur. Alc. 75 ). Apollonius Rhodius seems to present the practice in this light (4. 477): Jason, having slain a foe, . Cp. Etym. Magn.: .

mvp-comment-267-9 κἀπὶ λουτροῖσιν ⁴³⁰

mvp-comment-267-10 ἐξέμαξ ν ⁴³¹

mvp-comment-267-11 ἆρα μὴ ⁴³²

mvp-comment-268-1 οὐκ ἔστιν ⁴³³

mvp-comment-268-2 ταῦτα μὲν μέθες· σὺ δὲ ⁴³⁴

mvp-comment-269-1 βοστρύχων ἄκρας φόβας ⁴³⁵

mvp-comment-269-2 κἀμοῦ ταλαίνης ⁴³⁶

mvp-comment-270-1 †ἀλιπαρῆ ⁴³⁷ λιπαρῆ ⁴³⁸

mvp-comment-270-2 We come, therefore, to a dilemma. (1) The words

may conceal some corruption: ought possibly to be τήνδε τ’ ⁴³⁹ ἀλίπαρον ⁴⁴⁰

mvp-comment-270-3 (2) Or else, if the text be sound,

may mean . There is no doubt that , ‘fat,’ is the root both of , ‘shining,’ and of , ‘sticking’; cp. Plat. Crat. 427 B

τὸ λιπαρὸν καὶ τὸ κολλῶδες

( Curt. Etym. § 340 ). Similarly , ‘sticky,’ came to mean ‘importunate.’ It is barely possible that, in coining a new negative compound, the poet may have transferred the sense of to : but it seems improbable.

mvp-comment-271-1 ζῶμα ⁴⁴¹

mvp-comment-271-2 χλιδαῖς ⁴⁴²

mvp-comment-272-1 προσπίτνουσα ⁴⁴³ αὐτὸν ⁴⁴⁴

mvp-comment-273-1 ἐξ ὑπερτέρας χερός ⁴⁴⁵

mvp-comment-273-2 ζῶντ’ ⁴⁴⁶

mvp-comment-274-1 ἀφνεωτέραις ⁴⁴⁷

mvp-comment-274-2 στέφωμεν ⁴⁴⁸

mvp-comment-274-3 δωρούμεθα ⁴⁴⁹

mvp-comment-275-1 οἶμαι μὲν οὖν ⁴⁵⁰

mvp-comment-275-2 If μέλον ⁴⁵¹ μέλειν ⁴⁵² μέλον ⁴⁵³

mvp-comment-276-1 σοί ⁴⁵⁴

mvp-comment-277-1 βροτῶν ⁴⁵⁵

mvp-comment-278-1 πρὸς εὐσέβειαν ⁴⁵⁶

mvp-comment-279-1 δράσω ⁴⁵⁷

mvp-comment-279-2 τὸ γὰρ δίκαιον ⁴⁵⁸

mvp-comment-279-3 (1)

is an acc. of general reference, and is impersonal. ‘With regard to what is (clearly) right, it is unreasonable for two persons to dispute; rather both should hasten on the doing (of it).’ With we supply the notion from the negative (as from in O. C. 1402 ff.; cp. O. T. 817 ff.). For the form of the sentence, cp. H. 7. 3. 7 . So here the acc. , which represents the object of , is separated from it by the parenthesis . (The first scholium gives substantially this view: .)

mvp-comment-279-4 (2) Or

might be nom.: ‘that which is clearly right does not afford any ground ( ) for two persons to dispute,’ etc. So the second schol.: . So far as the verb is concerned, this sense is quite admissible: cp. Thuc. 2. 41 ( ). The objection is that the phrases , which are very common, regularly mean, ‘to be reasonable,’ ‘to be unreasonable.’ This is so both in the personal and in the impersonal constr.; as Plat. Phaedop. 62 D : Dem. or. 36 § 54 ; The supposed sense, ‘not to afford a reason,’ is unexampled.

mvp-comment-279-5 δυοῖν ⁴⁵⁹

mvp-comment-280-1 παρ’ ὑμῶν ⁴⁶⁰

mvp-comment-281-1 πικρὰν ⁴⁶¹ δοκῶ με … τολμήσειν ⁴⁶² ἔτι ⁴⁶³

mvp-comment-282-1 εἰ μὴ )γὼ ⁴⁶⁴

mvp-comment-282-2 γνώμας λειπομένα ⁴⁶⁵

mvp-comment-283-1 ἁ πρόμαντις Δίκα ⁴⁶⁶

mvp-comment-283-2 δίκαια φερομένα χεροῖν κράτη ⁴⁶⁷

mvp-comment-284-1 μέτεισιν ⁴⁶⁸

mvp-comment-284-2 οὐ μακροῦ χρόνου ⁴⁶⁹

mvp-comment-285-1 ὕπεστί μοι θράσος ⁴⁷⁰ κλύουσαν ⁴⁷¹

mvp-comment-285-2 ἁδυπνόων … ὀνειράτων ⁴⁷²

mvp-comment-286-1 ἀμναστεῖ γ’ ὁ φύσας ς’ ⁴⁷³

mvp-comment-287-1 χαλκόπλακτος ⁴⁷⁴

mvp-comment-287-2 γένυς ⁴⁷⁵

mvp-comment-287-3 The very axe (

, 99) with which the blow was dealt is imagined as nourishing a grudge against the murderers who had set it such a task. Such a personification recalls that practice of Athenian law by which inanimate objects which had caused death were brought to a formal trial in the court called , and, after sentence, cast beyond the boundaries, in the presence of the Archon Basileus and the sacrificial officers of the tribes ( ). Aeschin. or. 3 § 244 . (Cp. Dem. or. 23 § 76 .) A like conception was implied in the English law (repealed in 1846) of ‘deodands’ (Deo danda), i.e., personal chattels (whether animals or things) which, having caused the death of a human being, were forfeited to the Crown for pious uses.

mvp-comment-288-1 ἐν αἰκίαις ⁴⁷⁶

mvp-comment-289-1 καὶ πολύπους καὶ πολύχειρ ⁴⁷⁷

mvp-comment-290-1 λόχοις ⁴⁷⁸

mvp-comment-290-2 χαλκόπους ⁴⁷⁹

mvp-comment-291-1 ἄλεκτρ’ ἄνυμφα ⁴⁸⁰

mvp-comment-291-2 γάμων ἁμιλλήμαθ’ ⁴⁸¹

mvp-comment-291-3 ἐπέβα ⁴⁸²

mvp-comment-292-1 πρὸ τῶνδέ τοι … συνδρῶσιν ⁴⁸³

mvp-comment-292-2 Verses 495—497 (

) answer metrically to vv. 479—481 , where the text is certain, save for the doubt whether or should stand in 479. Here we must first decide two points.

mvp-comment-292-3 (1) Are the words πρὸ τῶνδε ⁴⁸⁴

mvp-comment-292-4 (2) Could

(etc.) mean, ‘ the belief possesses me, that’ etc.? Surely not. No real parallel for so strange a phrase has been produced. It is irrelevant to quote those impersonal verbs which directly express the occurrence of a thought to the mind; as Xen. An. 6. 1. 17 (‘the thought came to them, how they might,’ etc.): Thuc. 6. 78. § 1 Either, then, the subject to has dropped out, or the words conceal a corruption.

mvp-comment-292-5 The following remedies are possible: I incline to the first, as involving least change. (1) Reading in 479

, we may read here | etc. (It may be remarked that is in harmony with the tone of in 479.) Another available word is (cp. Ant. 279 ). (2) Or, reading in 479 , we could read here . On either view, the of in 480 is long (as several critics have assumed). It should be noted that (1) involves a different constitution of the verses: see p. lxxxii.

mvp-comment-292-6 In those MSS. which have μή ποτε μή ποθ’ ἡμῖν ⁴⁸⁵

mvp-comment-293-1 ἀψεγές ⁴⁸⁶ ἀψεφές ⁴⁸⁷

mvp-comment-293-2 πελᾶν ⁴⁸⁸

mvp-comment-294-1 τοῖς δρῶσι ⁴⁸⁹ τοῖς συνδρῶσιν ⁴⁹⁰

mvp-comment-295-1 μαντεῖαι βροτῶν ⁴⁹¹

mvp-comment-296-1 εὖ κατασχήσει ⁴⁹²

mvp-comment-297-1 ἱππεία ⁴⁹³

mvp-comment-297-2 Oenomaüs, king of Pisa in Elis, had promised the hand of his daughter Hippodameia to the suitor who should defeat him in a chariot-race; the penalty of failure being death. The young Pelops, son of Tantalus, offered himself as a competitor. Myrtilus, the charioteer of Oenomaüs, was persuaded (either by Hippodameia or by Pelops) to betray his master. He did so by leaving out one or both of the linch-pins by which the naves of the chariot-wheels were secured to the axles. Tzetzes on Lycophron 156

(= , the naves) . According to another story, he substituted a linch-pin of wax for a real one ( schol. Apoll. Rh. 752 ). So Pelops won the race, and the bride. But Oenomaüs was soon avenged on the traitor; for Myrtilus insulted Hippodameia, and was thrown into the sea by Pelops; upon whose house he invoked a curse, as he sank.

mvp-comment-297-3 Euripides, too, ( Or. 990 ff., Helen. 386 f.) refers to this chariot-race as the event with which the troubles of the Pelopidae began. Apollonius Rhodius briefly describes the critical moment of the race as one of the subjects embroidered on the cloak of Jason (1. 752 ff.); there Oenomaüs was seen, ‘falling sideways, as the axle broke at the naves of the wheels,’—

| .

mvp-comment-297-4 The eastern pediment of the temple of Zeus at Olympia ( circ. 450 B.C.) was adorned with sculptures by Paeonius, representing the preparation for this contest ( Paus. 5. 10. 6 ). The fragments found on the site have sufficed for a reconstruction of the group. Zeus occupied the centre; to the right of him were Pelops and Hippodameia; to the left, Oenomaüs and his wife Steropè. On each side was a chariot drawn by four horses. Myrtilus was sitting in front of his team, with his face turned away from his master.

mvp-comment-297-5 In the older and nobler form of the myth, Pelops won, not by a fraud, but by the grace of Poseidon, who gave him winged horses (Pindar O. 1. 87

). On the chest ( ) of Cypselus, seen by Pausanias in the Heraeum at Olympia ( Paus. 5. 17. 5 ), Pelops was driving two winged horses.

mvp-comment-298-1 αἰανὴς ⁴⁹⁴

mvp-comment-298-2 The form

has the best authority, and some critics hold that (Hesych.) was a Byzantine invention. But in Aesch. Eum. 416 , (so L, schol., and Tzetzes on Lycophron 406), is far less suitable.

mvp-comment-299-1 εὖτε ⁴⁹⁵

mvp-comment-299-2 ὁ ποντισθεὶς Μυρτίλος ⁴⁹⁶

mvp-comment-299-3 A vase found at Capua shows Pelops and Hippodameia in a ship, from which Myrtilus is falling backwards into the water. A winged Erinys hovers in the air above, brandishing a sword over the head of Pelops (Baumeister, Denkmäler p. 1204, referring to Mon. Inst. x. 25).

mvp-comment-299-4 ἐκοιμάθη ⁴⁹⁷

mvp-comment-300-1 παγχρυσέων δίφρων ⁴⁹⁸

mvp-comment-301-1 πρόρριζος ⁴⁹⁹

mvp-comment-301-2 ἐκριφθείς ⁵⁰⁰

mvp-comment-302-1 ἔλειπεν ⁵⁰¹ ἔλιπεν ⁵⁰² οἴκου ⁵⁰³ οἴκους ⁵⁰⁴ πω ⁵⁰⁵

mvp-comment-303-1 πολύπονος ⁵⁰⁶ αἰκία ⁵⁰⁷

mvp-comment-304-1 ἀνειμένη ⁵⁰⁸ μέν ⁵⁰⁹

mvp-comment-304-2 ὡς ἔοικας ⁵¹⁰

mvp-comment-304-3 στρέφει ⁵¹¹

mvp-comment-304-4 Clytaemnestra begins in the same strain as Chrysothemis, who likewise emphasised her reproof by the word αὖ ⁵¹²

mvp-comment-305-1 μή τοι θυραίαν γ’ ⁵¹³

mvp-comment-305-2 αἰσχύνειν φίλους ⁵¹⁴

mvp-comment-306-1 καίτοι ⁵¹⁵

mvp-comment-306-2 δὴ ⁵¹⁶ πολλούς ⁵¹⁷

mvp-comment-306-3 ἐξεῖπάς με … ὡς ⁵¹⁸

mvp-comment-306-4 θρασεῖα ⁵¹⁹ τραχεῖα ⁵²⁰

mvp-comment-306-5 ἄρχω ⁵²¹

mvp-comment-307-1 ὕβριν … οὐκ ἔχω ⁵²² κακῶς κλύουσα ⁵²³

mvp-comment-308-1 πατὴρ γάρ ⁵²⁴

mvp-comment-308-2 πρόσχημα ⁵²⁵

mvp-comment-309-1 ἡ γὰρ Δίκη ⁵²⁶

mvp-comment-310-1 ᾗ χρῆν σ’ ἀρήγειν ⁵²⁷

mvp-comment-311-1 The order of words in the MSS.,

, is probably right; the words would then fall from her with a certain deliberate bitterness. Cp. 542 : Ant. 44 (n.): Ph. 101 .

mvp-comment-312-1 μοῦνος ⁵²⁸ Ἑλλήνων ⁵²⁹

mvp-comment-312-2 Nauck requires

instead of , because Agamemnon's unique crime was the slaughter of his own child: as if the text did not convey this. Clytaemnestra means, ‘while mourning a father, you forget a sister.’

mvp-comment-312-3 532 f. The regular mode of expression would be,

. But, having written , the poet explains by repeating the comparison in a new form, . (For or after , cp. Lys. or. 19 § 36

ἡγοῦντο... τὰ ἐκεῖ...εἶναι ἴσα ὥσπερ τὰ ἐνθάδε

.) Those who reject v. 533 omit to notice that, without it, the words would be unintelligible. Cp. Aesch. Ag. 1417 | .

mvp-comment-312-4 This assertion of the mother's superior claim is a counterpart to the doctrine of Athena in Aesch. Eum. 658 f.,

| . Cp. above, Aesch. Eum. 366 n.

mvp-comment-313-1 τοῦ χάριν, τίνων ⁵³⁰

mvp-comment-313-2 The alternative, which most editors have preferred, is to take

as the participle. But there is an insuperable objection to this, which seems to have escaped notice. The words, ; could mean only, ‘paying a debt of gratitude for what?’ They could not mean, ‘paying a debt of gratitude to whom?’ The latter would be ; See ( e.g.) Aesch. P. V. 985 : Aesch. Ag. 821 | . Hence the question, ; could not possibly be answered by . For, evidently, the latter word could not mean, (‘for a benefit conferred by) the Greeks.’ A scholiast in the Baroccian MS. (cr. n. on 545), who explains by , plainly meant, ‘showing gratitude for what?’—and his paraphrase was correct; only he overlooked the context.

mvp-comment-314-1 ἀλλ’ οὐ μετῆν ⁵³¹

mvp-comment-315-1 ἀλλ’ ἀντ’ ἀδελφοῦ δῆτα ⁵³² κτανὼν ⁵³³

mvp-comment-315-2 ἀντὶ ἀδελφοῦ ⁵³⁴

mvp-comment-315-3 τἄμ’ ⁵³⁵

mvp-comment-316-1 παῖδες … διπλοῖ ⁵³⁶

mvp-comment-316-2 540 f. Nauck would prefer a single verse in place of these two, viz.

.

mvp-comment-317-1 ἢ ⁵³⁷

mvp-comment-317-2 ἢ τῶν ἐμῶν Ἅιδης ⁵³⁸

mvp-comment-318-1 δαίσασθαι ⁵³⁹

mvp-comment-318-2 The conj. λῄσασθαι ⁵⁴⁰

mvp-comment-319-1 πανώλει ⁵⁴¹

mvp-comment-319-2 παρεῖτο ⁵⁴²

mvp-comment-319-3 The sense does not absolutely require us to take Μενέλεω δ’ ⁵⁴³

mvp-comment-320-1 ἀβούλου ⁵⁴⁴

mvp-comment-320-2 κακοῦ γνώμην ⁵⁴⁵

mvp-comment-321-1 δοκῶ μέν ⁵⁴⁶

mvp-comment-321-2 εἰ καὶ ⁵⁴⁷

mvp-comment-322-1 εἰ φωνὴν λάβοι ⁵⁴⁸

mvp-comment-323-1 τοῖς πεπραγμένοις ⁵⁴⁹

mvp-comment-324-1 γνώμην δικαίαν σχοῦσα ⁵⁵⁰

mvp-comment-325-1 ἐρεῖς μὲν οὐχὶ ⁵⁵¹ ἐρεῖς ⁵⁵² ἐρεῖς … μ’ ὡς ⁵⁵³

mvp-comment-325-2 ἄρξασά τι λυπηρὸν ⁵⁵⁴

mvp-comment-325-3 τάδ’ ἐξήκους’ ⁵⁵⁵

mvp-comment-326-1 τοῦ τεθνηκότος θ’ ὕπερ ⁵⁵⁶

mvp-comment-327-1 καὶ μὴν ⁵⁵⁷

mvp-comment-327-2 λόγους ἐξῆρχές με ⁵⁵⁸

mvp-comment-328-1 Clytaemnestra has argued that she was justified in slaying Agamemnon, because he had slain Iphigeneia. The topics of Electra's reply are as follows.

mvp-comment-328-2 (1) 558—562. The wife who slew her husband would be a criminal, even if the motive had been just retribution; but the real motive was her love for Aegisthus. (2) 563—576. Agamemnon was not a free agent in slaying Iphigeneia; the act was forced upon him by Artemis. (3) 577—583. Suppose, however, that he was a free agent, and wished to please his brother; still she was not justified in taking his life. (4) 584—594. And in any case her plea does not excuse her for living with the man who helped to slay her husband.—The speech then closes in a strain of reproach and defiance (595 —609).

mvp-comment-328-3 καὶ δὴ λέγω σοι ⁵⁵⁹ πατέρα ⁵⁶⁰ φὴς ⁵⁶¹

mvp-comment-329-1 εἴτ’ οὖν … εἴτε ⁵⁶²

mvp-comment-329-2 λέξω ⁵⁶³ δείξω ⁵⁶⁴

mvp-comment-330-1 ὡς οὐ δίκῃ γ’ ⁵⁶⁵ ἔσπασεν ⁵⁶⁶ πειθὼ ⁵⁶⁷

mvp-comment-331-1 κυναγὸν ⁵⁶⁸

mvp-comment-331-2 ποινὰς ⁵⁶⁹

mvp-comment-331-3 τὰ πολλὰ πνεύματ’ ἔσχ’ ⁵⁷⁰ τὰ πολλὰ ⁵⁷¹ ἔσχε ⁵⁷²

mvp-comment-331-4 Acc. to Aesch. ( Aesch. Ag. 149 f., Aesch. Ag. 192 ), the Greeks were detained by adverse winds, blowing from the N.E. : and this seems to have been the account given in the Cypria ( c. 776 B.C.), Proclus Chrest. p. 455:

. But other authorities speak of a calm. Thus I. A. 9 ff. | | . Schol. Eur. Or. 647 . Tzetzes on Lycophron 183 . Ovid ( Met. 13. 183 ) combines both versions:

mvp-comment-331-5 It has been objected that vessels provided with oars need not have been detained by a calm. But the ships of the Greek fleet were not light craft. Each carried from 50 to 120 armed men, besides

: and the warriors were also the rowers (cp. Thuc. 1. 10 ). It is intelligible, then, that they should await the aid of wind before attempting the passage of the Aegaean. We must remember, too, the strong and shifting currents in the Euripus ( , Soph. Ant. 1145 : , Aesch. Ag. 191 ).

mvp-comment-331-6 We cannot well render:—(1)‘He suffered those tedious winds,’—supplying

from v. 558. Nor: (2) ‘She directed those tedious winds at Aulis,’—a version which would at least require . Cp. Ph. 1119 | .

mvp-comment-331-7 The conjecture πλοῖα ⁵⁷³

mvp-comment-331-8 Αὐλίδι ⁵⁷⁴

mvp-comment-332-1 ἢ )γὼ φράσω ⁵⁷⁵ κείνης ⁵⁷⁶

mvp-comment-333-1 ὡς ἐγὼ κλύω ⁵⁷⁷

mvp-comment-333-2 θεᾶς … κατ’ ἄλσος ⁵⁷⁸

mvp-comment-333-3 παίζων ⁵⁷⁹

mvp-comment-333-4 ποδοῖν ⁵⁸⁰

mvp-comment-334-1 ἔλαφον ⁵⁸¹

mvp-comment-334-2 στικτὸν ⁵⁸²

mvp-comment-334-3 κεράστην ⁵⁸³

mvp-comment-334-4 οὗ κατὰ σφαγὰς ⁵⁸⁴

mvp-comment-335-1 ἐκκομπάσας ἔπος τι τυγχάνει ⁵⁸⁵ βαλών ⁵⁸⁶

mvp-comment-335-2 This is the reason against taking

with , as=‘he shoots and hits’; cp. Il. 15. 581 : Her. 3. 35 . The vaunt must then precede the hit.

mvp-comment-335-3 Others take βαλὼν ⁵⁸⁷ ἔπος ⁵⁸⁸

mvp-comment-335-4 Monk, with Musgrave, took σφαγὰς ⁵⁸⁹

mvp-comment-336-1 ἐκ τοῦδε ⁵⁹⁰

mvp-comment-336-2 μηνίσασα ⁵⁹¹

mvp-comment-336-3 Λητῴα κόρη ⁵⁹²

mvp-comment-337-1 ὡς ⁵⁹³ ἀντίσταθμον ⁵⁹⁴

mvp-comment-337-2 ἐκθύσειε ⁵⁹⁵

mvp-comment-338-1 ὧδ’ ἦν ⁵⁹⁶

mvp-comment-338-2 τὰ … θύματ’ ⁵⁹⁷

mvp-comment-338-3 λύσις ⁵⁹⁸

mvp-comment-338-4 πρὸς οἶκον ⁵⁹⁹

mvp-comment-339-1 πολλὰ ⁶⁰⁰

mvp-comment-339-2 ἀντιβὰς ⁶⁰¹

mvp-comment-339-3 μόλις ⁶⁰²

mvp-comment-340-1 εἰ δ’ οὖν ⁶⁰³

mvp-comment-340-2 ἐρῶ γὰρ καὶ τὸ σόν ⁶⁰⁴

mvp-comment-341-1 τούτου … οὕνεκ’ ⁶⁰⁵

mvp-comment-341-2 νόμῳ ⁶⁰⁶

mvp-comment-342-1 ὅρα ⁶⁰⁷ μὴ … τιθῇς ⁶⁰⁸ τίθης ⁶⁰⁹

mvp-comment-342-2 Here, either

or would be suitable. (1) With :—‘See that, in making this rule, you are not making woe for yourself.’ This means that to make the rule (as she is doing) is at once (logically) to make the woe. (2) With : —‘See lest, in making this rule, you make woe for yourself’: i.e., the rule may have the woe as a consequence. The woe is a future contingency (583 ), against which Electra warns her. On the whole, I now prefer . Cp. 1003 | : fr. 82 .

mvp-comment-342-3 τιθεῖσα … νόμον ⁶¹⁰

mvp-comment-343-1 εἰ γὰρ κτενοῦμεν ⁶¹¹

mvp-comment-343-2 πρώτη ⁶¹²

mvp-comment-344-1 εἰσόρα ⁶¹³

mvp-comment-344-2 οὐκ οὖσαν ⁶¹⁴

mvp-comment-344-3 τίθης ⁶¹⁵

mvp-comment-344-4 εἰ … θέλεις ⁶¹⁶

mvp-comment-345-1 τῷ παλαμναίῳ ⁶¹⁷

mvp-comment-345-2 πρόσθεν ἐξαπώλεσας ⁶¹⁸

mvp-comment-346-1 παιδοποιεῖς ⁶¹⁹

mvp-comment-346-2 Erigonè, daughter of Aegisthus and Clytaemnestra (Tzetzes on Lyc. 1374 ), was mentioned by the early cyclic poet Cinaethon ( Paus. 2. 18. 6 ), and was the theme of Sophocles in his

. Hyginus ( Hyg. Fab. 122 ) notices a son of Aegisthus named Aletes, who gives his name to a play by Sophocles, but does not record the mother: see p. xliii note 4.

mvp-comment-346-3 εὐσεβεῖς ⁶²⁰

mvp-comment-346-4 κἀξ εὐσεβῶν ⁶²¹

mvp-comment-346-5 By

Electra means Orestes and herself. Both are ‘cast out’ of their just rights. Cp. O.T. 611 . Eur. El. 62 |

mvp-comment-346-6 βλαστόντας ⁶²²

mvp-comment-346-7 ἐκβαλοῦσ’ ἔχεις ⁶²³

mvp-comment-347-1 πῶς ταῦτ’ ἐπαινέσαιμ’ ἄν ⁶²⁴

mvp-comment-347-2 ἢ ⁶²⁵ ἦ ⁶²⁶ καὶ τοῦτ’ ⁶²⁷ ἄποινα ⁶²⁸

mvp-comment-348-1 αἰσχρῶς δ’ ⁶²⁹ δ’ ⁶³⁰

mvp-comment-348-2 ἐάν περ καὶ λέγῃς ⁶³¹

mvp-comment-348-3 ἐχθροῖς γαμεῖσθαι ⁶³²

mvp-comment-348-4 These two verses, though not indispensable, seem genuine. Were they omitted, the transition from 592 to 595 would be somewhat abrupt.

mvp-comment-349-1 ἀλλ’ οὐ γὰρ ⁶³³

mvp-comment-349-2 πᾶσαν ἵης γλῶσσαν ⁶³⁴

mvp-comment-350-1 κακοστομοῦμεν ⁶³⁵

mvp-comment-350-2 καί σ’ ἔγωγε δεσπότιν ⁶³⁶

mvp-comment-350-3 εἰς ἡμᾶς ⁶³⁷ ἣ ⁶³⁸

mvp-comment-351-1 βίον μοχθηρόν ⁶³⁹

mvp-comment-351-2 ἔκ τε σοῦ ⁶⁴⁰ κακοῖς … ξυνοῦσα ⁶⁴¹

mvp-comment-351-3 συννόμου ⁶⁴²

mvp-comment-352-1 ὁ δ’ ἄλλος ⁶⁴³

mvp-comment-352-2 χεῖρα σὴν ⁶⁴⁴

mvp-comment-352-3 τρίβει βίον ⁶⁴⁵

mvp-comment-352-4 603 The reason for writing δή με σοὶ ⁶⁴⁶ δή μέ σοι ⁶⁴⁷

mvp-comment-352-5 μιάστορα ⁶⁴⁸

mvp-comment-353-1 τοῦδέ γ’ οὕνεκα ⁶⁴⁹

mvp-comment-354-1 εἰς ἅπαντας ⁶⁵⁰

mvp-comment-354-2 χρῇς ⁶⁵¹

mvp-comment-354-3 στόμαργον ⁶⁵²

mvp-comment-355-1 τῶνδε τῶν ἔ|ργων ἴδρις ⁶⁵³

mvp-comment-355-2 σχεδόν τι ⁶⁵⁴

mvp-comment-355-3 οὐ καταισχύνω ⁶⁵⁵

mvp-comment-356-1 ὁρῶ μένος πνέουσαν ⁶⁵⁶ μένος πνέουσαν ⁶⁵⁷

mvp-comment-356-2 σὺν δίκῃ ξύνεστι ⁶⁵⁸

mvp-comment-356-3 Other interpretations are:—(1) ‘I see that Electra is wroth; but as to whether she is in the right, I see no concern (anywhere),’—a timid way of saying that Clytaemnestra shows no such concern. So the schol. (2) ‘I see that Clytaemnestra is angry, but not that she cares whether she is right’:—an inference from some gesture. Both these versions rely on the fact that

(612) is plainly an echo of (611). But: ( a) it does not follow that is not Electra's thought. ( b) It is surely clear that must be Electra; and ( c) as in Ant. 471 f., the second clause naturally refers to the same person.

mvp-comment-357-1 ποίας δ’ ἐμοὶ δεῖ ⁶⁵⁹ ἐμοὶ ⁶⁶⁰ μοι ⁶⁶¹ δεῖ ⁶⁶²

mvp-comment-357-2 Others understand: (1) ‘If Electra has no consideration for justice, why should I have any consideration for her,— i.e., show her any tenderness?’ Or: (2) ‘If she heeds not justice, why should I heed her?’ Neither view seems well suited to the context.

mvp-comment-358-1 καὶ ταῦτα ⁶⁶³

mvp-comment-358-2 τηλικοῦτος ⁶⁶⁴

mvp-comment-358-3 ἆρα ⁶⁶⁵

mvp-comment-358-4 χωρεῖν ἂν ⁶⁶⁶ εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ⁶⁶⁷

mvp-comment-359-1 εὖ νυν ἐπίστω ⁶⁶⁸

mvp-comment-359-2 ἔξωρα ⁶⁶⁹

mvp-comment-359-3 προσεικότα ⁶⁷⁰

mvp-comment-360-1 ἀλλὰ … γὰρ ⁶⁷¹

mvp-comment-360-2 ἡ … ἐκ σοῦ δυσμένεια ⁶⁷²

mvp-comment-360-3 ἐξαναγκάζει ⁶⁷³ αἰσχροῖς ⁶⁷⁴

mvp-comment-360-4 622 f. The word θρέμμα ⁶⁷⁵

mvp-comment-360-5 ἦ σ’ ἐγὼ ⁶⁷⁶

mvp-comment-361-1 νιν ⁶⁷⁷

mvp-comment-361-2 εὑρίσκεται ⁶⁷⁸

mvp-comment-361-3 Cp. Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus (in his Prose Works, ed. Symmons, vol. I. p. 236): ‘I might also tell them [the prelates], what Electra in Sophocles, a wise virgin, answered her wicked mother, who thought herself too violently reproved by her the daughter: ‘' Tis you that say it, not I; you do the deeds, | And your ungodly deeds find me the words.’’

mvp-comment-362-1 οὐ μὰ ⁶⁷⁹

mvp-comment-362-2 δέσποιναν ⁶⁸⁰

mvp-comment-362-3 Ἄρτεμιν ⁶⁸¹

mvp-comment-362-4 θράσους τοῦδ’ οὐκ ἀλύξεις ⁶⁸² μόλῃ ⁶⁸³

mvp-comment-363-1 ὁρᾷς ⁶⁸⁴

mvp-comment-363-2 ἐκφέρει ⁶⁸⁵

mvp-comment-363-3 The v. l. παρεῖσα ⁶⁸⁶

mvp-comment-364-1 οὐδὲ ⁶⁸⁷

mvp-comment-364-2 ὑπ’ εὐφήμου βοῆς ⁶⁸⁸

mvp-comment-364-3 ἐπειδὴ σοί γ’ ⁶⁸⁹

mvp-comment-364-4 πᾶν λέγειν ⁶⁹⁰

mvp-comment-365-1 κελεύω ⁶⁹¹

mvp-comment-365-2 τοὐμὸν στόμ’ ⁶⁹²

mvp-comment-365-3 634 f. An altar, and probably an image, of Apollo stand before the palace. The attendant of Clytaemnestra carries offerings of various fruits, which she is now commanded to raise, as with a gesture of solemn oblation ( ἔπαιρε ⁶⁹³

mvp-comment-365-4 ἡ παροῦσά μοι ⁶⁹⁴

mvp-comment-365-5 θύματα … πάγκαρπα ⁶⁹⁵

86-250. mvp-comment-59-1 In this long lament there are two principal movements, each of which admits of subdivision. First, the monody of Electra, consisting of two anapaestic systems, of which one (ll. 86-102) is retrospective, and the other (ll. 103-120) is prospective. Secondly, there is the commatic parodos :-the chorus on their entrance address Electra with lyric strains, to which she responds also in lyric measures. This movement consists of three strophes and antistrophes. In στρ. and ἀντ. α' (ll. 121-152), the chorus gently, but gloomily, expostulate with Electra, who is inconsolable. In στρ. and ἀντ. β΄ (ll. 153-192), they vainly try to cheer her. In στρ. and ἀντ. γ΄ (ll. 193- 232), they remind her of her past and present troubles, and exhort her not to add to them. All this is followed by a ῥῆσις of Electra (ll. 254-309) in reply to the coryphaeus, who, at l. 324, again speaks to call attention to Chrysothemis' approach.

86-250. mvp-comment-59-2 Metres. The anapaests in 86-120, although for the most part regular are in so far of the freer kind which belong to laments as to admit the spondaic paroemiacs near the commencement of each system in ll. 88, 9, 105, 6, which, with the opening half line, have a strange effect of heaviness and of struggle and pain. The two systems so nearly correspond, both in this respect and in the number of the lines, that one is tempted to believe that the half line that would complete the antistrophic effect has been lost somewhere between 113 and 117. But anapaestic systems are seldom exactly antistrophic, and the pause after the (dactylic) invocation in l. 115 may be intentional.

176-177. mvp-comment-105-1 'Committing unto him thine exceeding indignation, be neither overburdened with enmity against thy foes, nor yet forget them;' i.e. Let the thought that Zeus will some day avenge thee serve to calm and moderate thy rage. The structure is paratactic (Essay on L. § 36. p. 68), for Without forgetting your enemies. be moderate in assailing them, and trust in the Divine vengeance.'

179. mvp-comment-106-1 For Time is a god of easiness,' i.e. a god who makes things easy or possible. The meaning is, not that Time assuages sorrow, but that what at one time seems impossible may prove easily possible in the course of years. Cp. Plat. Rep. 6. 502 B, ὡς μὲν γὰρ χαλεπὸν σωθῆναι, καὶ ἡμεῖς ξυγχωροῦμεν, ὡς δὲ ἐν παντὶ τῷ χρόνῳ . . οὐδ᾽ ἂν εἶς σωθείη, ἔσθ' ὅστις ἀμφισβητήσει; Shak. Cor. 5. 3.61, Murdering impossibility, to make What cannot be slight work. For the personification, cp. Phil. 837, καιρὸς.. πάντων γνώμαν ἴσχων: supr. 76: and esp. Eur. Ion, 337, ἀργὸς ἡ θεός, sc. αἰδώς.

180-181. mvp-comment-107-1 τὰν Κρῖσαν.. ἀκτάν] · Who dwells in Crisa, that pastoral shore-ward land. So Hermann. Others would read Κρίσας, οι Κρίσᾳ. 'Who dwells amid the shoreward-pastures of Crisa.'

182. mvp-comment-108-1 He, Agamemnon's heir.. will yet turn unto his own, and so will he that reigns, a God, by Acheron.' ἀπερίτροπος is to be taken in a different sense with παῖς ᾿Αγαμεμνονίδας and with what follows. Or, what comes to the same thing, another verb must be supplied in thought with the second clause. Orestes shall return: Agamemnon shall regard his house and offspring. The derivation from περιτρέπω suggests the idea of a coming revolution, (1) in the action of Orestes, (2) in the awakening from apparent slumber and forgetfulness of the gods below, or of the spirit of Agamemnon.

184. mvp-comment-109-1 Nor he who ruleth as a god beside the ghostly river.' Cp. supr. 110. (1) The subject of this line has commonly been supposed to be Hades. Another interpretation has occurred independently to Mr. Blaydes, Prof. Paley, and the present editor, viz. (2) that θεὸς may refer to Agamemnon as a δαίμων. In support of this, cp. supr. 150 Νιόβα, σὲ δ' ἔγωγε νέμω θεόν, infr. 839-41 (of Amphiaraus), νῦν ὑπὸ γαίας . . ἀνάσσει, and note; and the following places of the Choephori:-157, σέβας, ὦ δέσποτ᾽: 356, 7, κατὰ χθονὸς ἐμπρέπων | σεμνότιμος ἀνάκτωρ : 475-8, θεῶν τῶν κατὰ γᾶς ὅδ᾽ ὕμνος. ΧΟ. ἀλλὰ κλύοντες, μάκαρες χθόνιοι, | τήσδε κατευχῆς πέμπετ᾿ ἀρωγὴν | παισὶν προφρόνως ἐπὶ νίκῃ : also Persae, 157, θεοῦ μὲν εὐνάτειρα Περσῶν, θεοῦ δὲ καὶ μήτηρ ἔφυς: 644, Περσᾶν Σουσιγενή θεόν, -although the analogy in these two instances is weakened by the words being put into the mouths of Persians; but see also Ag. 1548, ἐπ᾿ ἀνδρὶ θείῳ. Agamemnon, in Aesch. Ag. 925, says to Clytemnestra, λέγω κατ᾿ ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, σέβειν ἐμέ. But that is in his lifetime. And considering the honours that are paid at his tomb, and the tone in which he is spoken of by Electra throughout, the chorus may speak of him to her as θεός by an allowable hyperbole, especially if the word is taken, not with the article as subject of the sentence, but as supplementary predicate with ἀνάσσων. If this hypothesis is not admissible, the god intended is probably not Pluto, but (3) Hermes. Cp. supr. 111.

185-186. mvp-comment-110-1 But my life hath in great part already passed from me and left me hopeless and forlorn.' The life is separable from the person, cp. О. Т. 612, τὸν παρ᾽ αὑτῷ βίοτον. ἀνέλπιστος is proleptic, and in idea belongs, by hypallage, to ἐμέ, -' is passed without bringing me any hope.' The exact sense of ὁ πολύς is not to be pressed. The article is deictic, as in Aj. 1149, τὴν πολλὴν βοήν: infr. 931.

186. mvp-comment-111-1 οὐδ᾽ ἔτ᾿ ἀρκῶ] 'And I am no longer of any avail. Cp. Thuc. 2. 47. § 5, οὔτε γὰρ ἰατροὶ ἤρκουν.

187. mvp-comment-112-1 ἄνευ τοκέων] Her father is dead, and her mother is worse than lost to her.

187. mvp-comment-112-2 τοκέων occurs in one MS. (Vind. 281) and is adopted by Nauck. Cp. supr. 164, ἄτεκνος. It may be thought more suited to Electra's age to feel the want of children than of parents. But her filial piety is the chief motive of the play.

189-190. mvp-comment-113-1 ἁπερεί τις .. πατρός] ‘Like some despised sojourner, I tend the chambers of my father's house." Cp. Aesch. Cho. 84, δμωαὶ γυναῖκες, δωμάτων εὐθήμονες. For the absolute use of ἀνάξιος, cp. Phil. 439, ἀναξίου.. φωτός, 'A fellow of no esteem.' Hermann joined this word with what follows it ('I am undeservedly made to do menial service'), on the ground that an ἔποικος was ἀναξία as a matter of course. But, on the other hand, the addition of ἀναξία to the bare statement οἰκονομῶ θαλάμους πατρός, certainly weakens the expression, while the pleonasm in ἔποικος ἀναξία is rather emphatic, and is supported, as Ellendt pointed out, by the Homeric expression, ὡσεί τιν᾿ ἀτίμητον μετανάστην, ΙΙ. 9. 648, 16. 59.

190-191. mvp-comment-114-1 ὧδε . . ἀεικεῖ . . στολᾷ] Electra is a woman speaking to women. Cp. Aesch. Pers. 846-8, (῎Ατοσσα.) μάλιστα δ᾽ ἥδε συμφορὰ δάκνει, | ἀτιμίαν γε παιδὸς ἀμφὶ σώματι | ἐσθημάτων κλύουσαν, ἥ νιν ἀμπέχει.

192. mvp-comment-115-1 κεναῖς δ᾽ ἀμφίσταμαι τραπέζαις] And the table at which I stand is bare.' Hermann had conjectured ἀμφίσταμαι, which restores the metre, before he observed that it was quoted by Eustathius. Cp. Pind. Ol. 1. 80, τραπέζαισι .. ἀμφί, and, for the thought, Od. 20. 259, δίφρον ἀεικέλιον καταθεὶς ὀλίγην τε τράπεζαν : infr. 361, 2, σοὶ δὲ πλουσία | τράπεζα κείσθω καὶ περιρρείτω βίος : Pind. Ο1. 2. 116, κεινὰν παρὰ δίαιταν.

194. mvp-comment-116-1 οἰκτρὰ μὲν νόστοις αὐδά] 'Piteous were thy tones at the time of thy father's return.' In the Agamemnon of Aeschylus, the Watchman and the Chorus, i. e. the household and the people, express a vague misgiving, which is not sufficiently definite to enable them to warn Agamemnon. Sophocles here, as elsewhere, concentrates in an individual what in Aeschylus was general. It is quite consistent with his conception of the character of Electra, that, young as she then was, and totally unable, both from her inexperience ( infr. 1024) and her dependent position, of averting the harm which she may have vaguely foreseen, she had a sufficiently clear perception of the situation to be sad instead of joyful on the occasion of her father's coming home, and her sadness would be aggravated by her helplessness :-ἐπεὶ ἐχθίστη ὀδύνη πολλὰ φρονέοντα μηδενὸς κρατέειν. Her friends, of the same age with her, observed this, and in recollecting it, now understand the cause. ooi is easily supplied, both because the whole of Electra's last speech refers to herself, and because σοί occurs immediately afterwards as an ethical' dative. πατρός is no less easily supplied with νόστοις for a similar reason, both because the word occurs three lines above, and because it is implied in πατρώαις in the following line. νόστοις is dative of the occasion, E. on L. § 11. p. 18. For the sense, cp. Aesch. Pers. 935, 6, πρόσφθογγόν σοι νόστου τὰν | κακοφάτιδα βοάν, κακομέλετον ἰὰν | Μαριανδυνοῦ θρηνητῆρος | πέμψω πολύδακρυν ἰακχάν.

195-197. mvp-comment-117-1 οἰκτρὰ δ'.. πλαγά] 'And piteous was thy crying where thy father lay, when thou hadst seen launched the death-stroke of the solid brazen axe.' If Sophocles (see Introduction) follows the form of the legend known to us from Homer, according to which Agamemnon was slain at a feast given in honour of his return, ἐν κοίταις probably means, (1) 'Where he lay in death.' And this is supported by 203. The poet might, no doubt, have so far modified the legend as to suppose Agamemnon after the feast to have been lured by Clytemnestra to his chamber and there slain. ἐν κοίταις might then belong to the relative clause (ὅτε ἐν κ.), and mean 'in his chamber. But this is inconsistent with 203 and 270. For (1) cp. Aesch. Ag. 1494, 1518, Eur. Med. 437, O. C. 1707. The bath, and the entangling garment, which are so prominent in the Agamemnon and Choephori, are in any case not thought of here. Some (including Wecklein) understand aὐδά in both clauses of the death-shriek of the king. σοι (Ε. on L. § 13. p. 19 f.) marks that Electra was the chief sufferer from all that happened. This explanation is rightly defended by Triclinius. Cp. Tennyson's Elaine, -Through her own side she felt the sharp lance go.' Hermann, understanding aὐδά of the people's voice, rejects σοι and reads οἱ instead. The hiatus, which he defends from Trach. 650, ὁ δὲ οἱ φίλα δάμαρ (cp. supr. 157), is still exceptional, but a stronger objection to the removal of σοί is that the connection between this speech and Electra's is thus destroyed.

197-200. mvp-comment-118-1 Sophocles seems here to have in his mind the passage of the Agamemnon where Clytemnestra impersonates the Alastor of Atreus, Aesch. Agam. 1500-1504: Craft pointed out the way, lust murdered him. Between them they produced a monstrous birth, whether he who did this thing were a god or one of mortal mould.' μορφάν the immediate agent and the act itself, as an embodied horror, seem to be confused. See E. on L. § 48. p. 92.

201-212. mvp-comment-119-1 In supr. 185-92, Electra refused consolation and drew attention to her hopeless misery. The women then call to mind how they had pitied her at the time of her father's death. This opens anew the flood-gates of her sorrow. Cp. Ant. 857 foll., ἔψαυσας ἀλγεινοτάτας ἐμοὶ μερίμνας, κ.τ.λ.

203. mvp-comment-120-1 δείπνων] The feast which preceded the murder, according to Od. 4. 535. Agamemnon (see next note) is supposed to have been murdered at table : ὡσεί τε κατέκτανε βοῦν ἐπὶ φάτνῃ (Od. 1. c.).

205. mvp-comment-121-1 For ἄχθη, the grammatical antecedent, the more definite θάνατοι is substituted and taken into the relative clause. The horror of that feast-I mean the death which followed it.'

206. mvp-comment-122-1 διδύμαιν χειροῖν] ‘Effected by joint violence' of Aegisthus and Clytemnestra.

207-208. mvp-comment-123-1 αΐ.. πρόδοτον] 'That wrought treason on my life and ruined me.'

209. mvp-comment-124-1 ois refers to the antecedent implied in χειροῖν, viz. Aegisthus and Clytemnestra.

211. mvp-comment-125-1 'And never may they have any good of their magnificence.' Cp. infr. 267-281: Od. 17. 244, 5, τῷ κέ τοι ἀγλαΐας γε διασκεδάσειεν ἁπάσας, | τὰς νῦν ὑβρίζων φορέεις.

214-216. mvp-comment-126-1 'Seest thou not through what courses thou hast fallen thus cruelly into calamities that come home to thee?' or, with a slightly different shade of meaning, 'which thou hast brought upon thyself.' Cp. Aj. 260: Pind. Nem. 1. 81, τὸ γὰρ οἰκεῖον πιέζει πάνθ᾽ ὁμῶς. ἐξ οἵων is otherwise explained by one Scholiast :-ἐξ οἴων ἀγαθῶν εἰς τί ἀνιαρὸν ἐλήλυθας. Cp. infr. 392. But it is more natural that the Chorus should remind her of the cause of the persecution she is undergoing.

218-219. mvp-comment-127-1 σᾷ . . πολέμους] Ever creating new conflicts for thy burdened soul.'

219-220. mvp-comment-128-1 τὰ δὲ.. πλάθειν] ‘But strife with the powerful is hopeless.' The vague rá is to be supplemented from what precedes and follows,- sc. τὰ πολεμούμενα, οι τὰ ἐρίδος ἐχόμενα. Cp. Plat. Symp. 206 C, ταῦτα δ᾽ ἐν τῷ ἀναρμόστῳ, -sc. κυούμενα καὶ γεννώμενα, - Pind. Nem. 10. 135, χαλεπὰ δ' ἔρις ἀνθρώποις ὁμιλεῖν κρεσσόνων: ΟΙ. 11. 48, νεῖκος δὲ κρεσσόνων ἀποθέσθ᾽ ἄπορον. πλάθειν, sc. τοῖς δυνατοῖς, is epexegetic infinitive.

221. mvp-comment-129-1 The Chorus (l. 214) have reminded Electra of the violent words by which she has earned her present misery. She replies that such words were wrung from her by a fearful cause, viz. by the murder of her father and the subsequent conduct of the murderers. Cp. infr. 271 foll.

222. mvp-comment-130-1 'I know, I am conscious of my passion, viz. that it is inordinate. Cp. infr. 617, 8, μανθάνω δ᾽ ὁθούνεκα | ἔξωρα πράσσω κοὐκ ἐμοὶ προσεικότα : 1011, κατάσχες ὀργήν.

223-224. mvp-comment-131-1 But amid deeds of horror I will not curb or moderate these my calamitous ways' (as ye call them). She echoes the words of the Chorus (l. 215) in a different sense. They meant by οἰκείας ἄτας, 'self-caused calamities:' -she means by ταύτας άτας, 'this infatuate,' or 'fatal,' course,' of which by implication they have accused her.

226-228. mvp-comment-132-1 Electra relapses into despair. If even these Argive women, who know her so well, cannot give her a word of comfort, whence is it to come? 'At whose mouth, then, kind band of friends, can I hope to hear a word of comfort, prompted by seasonable thought?' For the uncommon dative, see E. on L. § 13. p. 20.

229. mvp-comment-133-1 'Press not on me with your consolations,' and cp. Eur. El. 1182, διὰ πυρὸς ἔμολον ἁ τάλαινα ματρὶ τᾷδ᾽.

230. mvp-comment-134-1 For ye shall find this sorrow irremoveable.'

234. mvp-comment-135-1 Like a true-hearted mother.' For this form of expressing sympathy from one woman to another, cp. Trach. 526, ἐγὼ δὲ μάτηρ μὲν οἷα φράζω.

235. mvp-comment-136-1 ἄταν ἄταις] Cp. Αj. 866, πόνῳ πόνον, and note.

236. mvp-comment-137-1 καὶ τί μέτρον κακότατος ἔφυ;] 'And is not my trouble infinite?' (So the Scholiast, -πρὸς γὰρ ἄμετρον κακὸν καὶ ἀμέτρων δεῖται θρήνων.) Cp. infr. 1249, 50, ἁμέτερον οἷον ἔφυ κακόν. For the meaning, cp. Shak. Ant. and Cleo. 4. 15. 4, But comforts we despise; our size of sorrow, Proportioned to our cause, must be as great As that which makes it.'

237. mvp-comment-138-1 ἐπὶ τοῖς φθιμένοις ἀμελεῖν] To treat the dead with forgetfulness.' E. on L. § 19. p. 27.

238. mvp-comment-139-1 ἐν τίνι . . ἀνθρώπων] 'Where amongst men hath such a mind sprung up?'

239. mvp-comment-140-1 τούτοις] Sc. ἐν οἷς τοῦτο ἔβλαστε, the indefinite plural taking the place of the indefinite singular. E. on L. § 20. p. 31. 3. Cp. Hdt. 9. 79. § 3. ἐγὼ δ᾽ οὖν τούτου εἵνεκα μήτε Αἰγινήτῃσι ἅδοιμι, μήτε τοῖσι ταῦτα ἀρέσκεται· ἀποχρᾷ δ᾽ ἐμοί, Σπαρτιήτῃσι ἀρεσκόμενον, ὅσια μὲν ποιέειν, ὅσια δὲ καὶ λέγειν.

240. mvp-comment-141-1 εἴ τῳ πρόσκειμαι χρηστῷ] · If I have near me any good,' = εἴ τι χρηστὸν πρόσκειταί μοι : Ε. on L. § 42. p. 80 β. Cp. infr. 1040, ᾧ σὺ πρόσκεισαι κακῷ.

241-243. mvp-comment-142-1 γονέων .. γόων] • Holding back the wings of my shrill wailings from doing honour to my sire.' Each fresh utterance of the unabating sorrow is imagined as a bird that is eager to fly. ἐκτίμους is predicative and proleptic, = ὥστε ἔξω εἶναι τοῦ τιμᾶν. See E. on L. $ 54. p. 100 d, § 10. p. 16 f., § 23. p. 38 81, § 38. p. 71.

244. mvp-comment-143-1 ya] Prof. Jebb reads ya, i.e. 'buried,' adding, 'it is difficult to believe that yῆ could stand for σποδός.' But the expression is hyperbolical-' mere clay.' Cp. ψήγμα in Aesch. Ag. 442.

251-252. mvp-comment-144-1 καὶ τὸ σὸν.. καὶ τοὐμὸν αὐτῆς] 'More in care for thee than for myself. This is really the meaning, although, by the usual Greek litotes, 'as much as' is put for more than.' The most important matter is put first. E. on L. § 41. p. 78.

253. mvp-comment-145-1 ἑψόμεσθ'] Cp. infr. 1052.

254-255. mvp-comment-146-1 I am ashamed of seeming to you, as I must seem, to be too impatient in multiplying lamentations.' δοκῶ is indicative.

258. mvp-comment-147-1 πατρῷ᾽ ὁρῶσα πήματ'] 'Seeing woful things performed against her sire.' Electra's filial affection for Agamemnon is kept prominently before us as her chief motive; and every insult to his memory, including her own sufferings, is regarded by her as part of the wrong done to him. πατρῷα is at first general, but in the antecedent to a it becomes individual, -' of my father.'

260. mvp-comment-148-1 θάλλοντα .. καταφθίνονθ'] “Not lessening but increasing.'

260-261. mvp-comment-149-1 ᾖ.. συμβέβηκεν] 'Since, first of all, I have found in my own mother the deepest cause for hatred.' This (Paley, etc.) is better than my mother is my enemy.'

264. mvp-comment-150-1 κἀκ τῶνδ᾽ ἄρχομαι] ‘And I am in subjection to them. Cp. O. C. 67, ἐκ τοῦ κατ᾿ ἄστυ βασιλέως τάδ' ἄρχεται.

270. mvp-comment-151-1 ἔνθ᾽ ἐκεῖνον ὤλεσεν] Here again Sophocles seems to follow the account that is given in the fourth book of the Odyssey, ll. 529 foll., according to which Aegisthus murdered Agamemnon at or after a banquet. Hence he is said to have destroyed him beside the hearth. Cp. infr. 1495.

271-274. mvp-comment-152-1 Further, when I see their crowning insult, when I see, forsooth, the author of his death reclining on my father's couch, beside my wretched mother, if so I must call this woman, when cohabiting with him!' The clause τὸν αὐτοφόντην κ.τ.λ. is in the same construction with ὕβριν, governed by ἴδω. ἡμίν is ethical dative, and has a sarcastic force; i.e. That is what I am compelled to look upon.' The participle (κείμενον) which should have gone with ἐν κοίτῃ is absorbed and resumed in συγκοιμωμένην.

363-364. mvp-comment-153-1 ἐμοὶ γὰρ . . βόσκημα] (1) ‘For I would have such maintenance alone as will not cause me pain:' i. e. through compliance with my father's enemies. The reading λυποῦν is implied in the first scholion here, which, although giving a wrong explanation, deserves for this reason to be transcribed:-ἐμοί, φησίν, ἔστω τροφή, ἡ τῇ ἀνάγκῃ μόνον ἁρμόζουσα, καὶ τὴν πείνην ἀπελαύνουσα· οὐ δέομαι γὰρ τοιαύτης τροφῆς ἀφ᾿ ἧς ἡδονὴν σχήσω. (2) The MS. reading, which is also acknowledged in the scholia, -τοὐμὲ μὴ λυπεῖν (Schol. τοῦτο μόνον ἐμὲ βοσκέτω, τὸ μὴ λυπεῖν ἐμὲ αὐτήν, εἰ τοῖς φονεῦσι τοῦ πατρὸς πείθεσθαι ἀναγκασθήσομαι) is possibly right, but the use of ἐμέ for ἐμαυτήν is hardly justified, and the expression seems forced. Ср., however, Eur. Cycl. 336-8, ὡς τοὐμπιεῖν γε καὶ φαγεῖν τοὐφ᾽ ἡμέραν, | Ζεὺς οὗτος ἀνθρώποισι τοῖσι σώφροσι, | λυπεῖν δὲ μηδὲν αὐτόν.

364. mvp-comment-154-1 The genitive, after ἐρῶ, is to be resumed with τυχεῖν, which is epexegetic infinitive.

365-367. mvp-comment-155-1 νῦν δ᾽ ἐξὸν .. τῆς μητρός] But now, when you might be called the daughter of the noblest of all sires, be called your mother's child.' Here, and in supr. 341, 2, there is a reminiscence of that depreciation of the maternal relationship, which is more fully expressed in the Eumenides of Aeschylus. For another trace of this, cp. Eur. Fr. 1048, στέργω δὲ τὸν φύσαντα τῶν πάντων βροτῶν | μάλισθ'· ὁρίζω τοῦτο, καὶ σὺ μὴ φθώνει· | κείνου γὰρ ἐξέβλαστον. οὐδ᾽ ἂν εἰς ἀνὴρ | γυναικὸς αὐδήσειεν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ πατρός.

369. mvp-comment-156-1 μηδὲν πρὸς ὀργήν] Sc. λέξης. Say nothing in anger,'-lit. 'tending that way. Cp. infr. 464.

373. mvp-comment-157-1 οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἐμνήσθην ποτέ) 'And would never have mentioned the subject. This refers to supr. 330, 1.

376. mvp-comment-158-1 Exceptions to the rule of the Porsonic pause are not infrequent where γάρ comes in the first place of the fifth foot: e.g. O. C. 115, ἐν γὰρ τῷ μαθεῖν.

376-377. mvp-comment-159-1 Electra will not admit that any trouble can be greater than what she endures already in seeing the insults that are heaped upon her father.

382. mvp-comment-160-1 χθονὸς τῆσδ᾽ ἐκτός] Beyond the Argive boundary, so as not to bring pollution upon the state. Cp. Ant. 773, ἄγων ἔρημος ἔνθ᾽ ἂν ᾖ βροτῶν στίβος κρύψω πετρώδει ζῶσαν ἐν κατώρυχι : Ο. C. 399, 400, ὥς σ' ἄγχι γῆς στήσωσι Καδμείας, ὅπως | κρατῶσι μέν σου, γῆς δὲ μὴ ᾿μβαίνῃς ὅρων. ὑμνήσεις κακά] 'You shall chant your song of woe.' Cp. infr. 802, 3, τήνδε δ᾽ ἔκτοθεν βοᾶν | ἔα τά θ᾽ αὐτῆς καὶ τὰ τῶν φίλων κακά.

383-384. mvp-comment-161-1 καί με . μέμψῃ] Being warned, Electra will have no cause to blame Chrysothemis. Cp. infr. 1056, 7, ὅταν γὰρ ἐν κακοῖς | ἤδη βεβήκῃς, τἄμ᾽ ἐπαινέσεις ἔπη.

384. mvp-comment-162-1 νῦν γὰρ .. φρονεῖν] ‘For now you have a good opportunity of adopting the wiser course.' Cp. Plat. Rep. Β. 9. p. 571 Β, τὸ τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν .. οὔ μοι δοκοῦμεν ἱκανῶς διῃρῆσθαι. . οὐκοῦν, ἢ δ᾽ ὅς, ἔτ᾽ ἐν καλῷ;

385. mvp-comment-163-1 And have they really determined to do this to me?' καί adds a sarcastic emphasis.

390. mvp-comment-164-1 ποῦ ποτ᾽ εἰ φρενῶν;] 'What are you thinking of?' Cp. Ant. 42, ποῦ γνώμης ποτ' εἶ; There is the same doubt in both cases, whether el is from εἰμί or εἶμι. For the latter, which gives greater liveliness, cp. Eur. Iph. Α. 479, 80, καὶ τῶν παλαιῶν ἐξαφίσταμαι λόγων, | οὐκ εἰς σὲ δεινός· εἶμι δ᾽ οὗπερ εἶ σὺ νῦν. On the other hand it may be urged that ποῖ would be more natural with the verb of motion. Electra in supra l. 354 has said, οὐ ζῶ; κακῶς μὲν, οἶδ᾽, ἐπαρκούντως δ᾽ ἐμοί. Chrysothemis interprets this as if she had meant that she had something to lose.

395. mvp-comment-165-1 τοῖς φίλοις] Viz. τῷ πατρί.

397. mvp-comment-166-1 ταῦτα is an adverbial accusative. οὐκ ἐμοὺς τρόπους λέγεις] 'You speak not of my ways; i.e. Your words indicate a line of conduct that can never be mine.

399. mvp-comment-167-1 τιμωρούμενοι] Cp. supr. 349.

400. mvp-comment-168-1 τούτων.. συγγνώμην] For this genitive, see Essay on L. § 9. p. 12, d 2, and cp. esp. Trach. 250, τοῦ λόγου .. φθόνον.

401. mvp-comment-169-1 Such words are for the base to approve.' Although, grammatically speaking, ἔπη is the subject of the sentence, and ἐπαινέσαι is epexegetic infinitive, the real meaning is, πρὸς κακῶν ἐστὶ τὸ ἐπαινέσai ταῦτα τὰ ἔπη. As constantly happens in Greek, an attribute which belongs to the verb is attached to the noun.

403. mvp-comment-170-1 μή πω .. κενή] 'I trust I may not prove so void of understanding!' For this use of πω, in which the temporal meaning has disappeared, cp; Ο. Τ. 105, οὐ γὰρ εἰσεῖδόν γέ πω, and note. The adverbial use of τοσόνδε is an Epic touch; cp. Od. 21. 253, 4, ἀλλ᾽ ἐἰ δὴ τοσσόνδε βίης ἐπιδευέες εἰμὲν | ἀντιθέου Ὀδυσῆος, ὅτ᾽ οὐ δυνάμεσθα, κ.τ.λ.

404. mvp-comment-171-1 οἶπερ ἐστάλην ὁδοῦ] ‘To the place whither I was sent upon my way.' For the idiomatic partitive genitive, cp. supr. 390, ποῦ ποτ' εἶ φρενῶν ; Phil. 899, ἀλλ᾽ ἐνθάδ᾽ ἤδη τοῦδε τοῦ πάθους κυρῶ.

405. mvp-comment-172-1 τῷ] 'For whom?' i.e. 'To be offered to whom?'

406. mvp-comment-173-1 τυμβεῦσai χοάς] Το pour libation on his tomb;' i.e. ἐπιτυμβίους χέαι χοάς,-the attribute of the noun being attached to the verb. See Essay on L. § 17. p. 25 с.

409. mvp-comment-174-1 τῷ τοῦτ᾽ ἤρεσεν] 'Whose pleasure was this?' Cp. Aj. 1243, & τοῖς πολλοῖσιν ἤρεσκεν κριταῖς.

410. mvp-comment-175-1 ἐκ δείματος] Sc. πεισθεῖσα.

411. mvp-comment-176-1 At the mention of 'nightly fear,' Electra instantly rushes to the conclusion that Clytemnestra has had some Divine warning. Her hope at once revives, and she looks up to heaven. For ἀλλὰ νῦν, 'now, though not heretofore,' cp. Ant. 552, τί δῆτ᾽ ἂν ἀλλὰ νῦν σ᾽ ἔτ᾿ ὠφελοῖμ᾽ ἐγώ. And for the connection, cp. Aesch. Cho. 515, 6, ΟΡ. πόθεν χοὰς ἔπεμψεν, ἐκ τίνος λόγου | μεθύστερον τιμῶσ᾽ ἀνήκεστον πάθος; ib. 523-5, ΧΟ. οἶδ', ὦ τέκνον· παρῆ γάρ. ἔκ τ᾽ ὀνειράτων | καὶ νυκτιπλάγκτων δειμάτων πεπαλμένη | χοὰς ἔπεμψε τάσδε δύσθεος γυνή. In this line and supr. 345 γε belongs in sense to the word that follows it. Or rather, the particle emphasizes the whole sentence as a comment on the preceding words. 'Ay, now, at last, come to our aid!'

413. mvp-comment-177-1 Electra is eager to know the vision, and will not confess her hopes till she has heard it.

414. mvp-comment-178-1 ἐπὶ σμικρόν is to be resumed with φράσai, which is epexegetic infinitive.

415. mvp-comment-179-1 λέγ᾽ ἀλλὰ τοῦτο] 'Tell me but this;'-this little, if nothing more. Cp. Trach. 320, εἴπ', ὦ τάλαιν', ἀλλ᾽ ἡμὶν ἐκ σαυτῆς. πολλά τοι κ.τ.λ.] Cp. Aesch. Cho. 204, σμικροῦ γένοιτ' ἂν σπέρματος μέγας πυθμήν: Ο. Τ. 120, 1, ἓν γὰρ πόλλ᾽ ἂν ἐξεύροι μαθεῖν, | ἀρχὴν βραχεῖαν εἰ λάβοιμεν ἐλπίδος.

417. mvp-comment-180-1 λόγος τις.. ἐστιν] It is said,' viz. by the attendant who heard her tell her vision to the Sun, infr. 424, 5.

417-419. mvp-comment-181-1 πατρὸς ἐς φῶς] Our father again amongst us, revisiting the realm of light; i.e. τὸν πατέρα δεύτερον ὁμιλοῦντα (τοῖς ἐνθάδε), -abstract for concrete.

419. mvp-comment-182-1 εἶτα, κ.τ.λ.] These words depend immediately on λόγος τίς ἐστιν. Chrysothemis proceeds to narrate the vision as a matter of fact.

421. mvp-comment-183-1 τανῦν δ᾽ Αἴγισθος] Sc. φέρει.

424. mvp-comment-184-1 τοῦ παρόντος] 'The one who was present.' As a matter of course Clytemnestra was not wholly unattended in the day-time. Hence the article. Some editors have preferred the indefinite του; but the use of παρόντος = παραγενομένου is less natural in this case, and the double predicate παρόντος, ἐξηγουμένου, is awkward. A female attendant is meant, the masculine form being used, as in Trach. 151, etc. See Essay on L. § 20. p. 30. 2.

428. mvp-comment-185-1 πρὸς . . θεῶν τῶν ἐγγενῶν] · By the gods of our race,' i.e. the gods who are not only the protectors of our race, but also its progenitors, Inachus, etc. Chrysothemis in her solemn adjuration uses τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον τὸν μέγιστον (Thuc. 5. 18. § 9). Cp. Ant. 938, θεοὶ προγενεῖς, and note.

430. mvp-comment-186-1 σὺν κακῷ μέτει πάλιν] 'You will seek me another day, when the evil has overtaken you.'

431. mvp-comment-187-1 Electra scarcely hears the concluding words of Chrysothemis. Her attention is absorbed by the vision and the hopes which it has aroused in her mind, and she is determined to prevent the offering of the libation, which she represents to her sister as at once an offence to Agamemnon and useless to Clytemnestra. The former is her own feeling, the latter (ll. 446-8) occurs to her as a rhetorical argument. She also takes the opportunity of sending an offering to the tomb, as if to remind her father that the hour of vengeance for him was at hand. ὦ φίλη] 'She tries affectionate persuasion, and no longer reproaches.' Paley. Or rather, her resentment is forgotten in the revival of hope. Cp. supr. 367.

433-434. mvp-comment-188-1 ἱστάναι | κτερίσματα] Το (institute or) perform funereal rights.'

435-438. mvp-comment-189-1 Not κρύψον from l. 436, but some more general word, such as ἀφάνισον, is to be supplied with πνοαίσιν. For the form of sentence, cp. О. Т. 1410-2, ἔξω μέ που | καλύψατ', ἢ φονεύσατ', ἢ θαλάσσιον | ἐκρίψατ᾽, ἔνθα μήποτ᾽ εἰσόψεσθ᾽ ἔτι. βαθυσκαφεῖ κόνει] 'In deeply hollowed dust,' i.e. buried deep in the ground.

437-438. mvp-comment-190-1 ἀλλ᾿ ὅταν θάνῃ . . κάτω] 'But let this be treasured underground for her, against the day when she shall die.' σωζέσθω is passive, and there is an ellipse οἱ εἰς ἐκεῖνον τὸν χρόνον or the like words.

441. mvp-comment-191-1 οὐκ ἄν.. ἐπέστεφε] 'She would not have sought to give by way of honour.' Cp. Ant. 431, χοαῖσι τρισπόνδοισι τὸν νέκυν στέφει.

442-443. mvp-comment-192-1 For only think whether you can suppose the dead man in his grave will receive this gift kindly at her hand.' For αὐτῇ as dative of the remote object with προσφιλῶς δέξασθαι, cp. supr. 226, 7, τίνι . . πρόσφορον ἀκούσαιμ᾽ ἔπος; It may also be taken with προσφιλῶς separately, but rather follows both words as combined in one expression.

444. mvp-comment-193-1 'Who slew him dishonourably as a personal foe.' Cp. Aesch. Ag. 1374, ἐχθροῖς ἐχθρὰ πορσύνων: ibid. 1492-4, κεῖσαι . κοίταν τάνδ᾽ ἀνελεύθερον.

445. mvp-comment-194-1 ἐμασχαλίσθη] ‘He was mutilated' (by cutting off the extremities and placing or tieing them under the armpits). Clytemnestra had adopted this barbarous means of disabling the spirit of her enemy. Aesch. Cho. 439, ἐμασχαλίσθη δ᾽ ἔθ᾽, ὡς τόδ᾽ εἰδῇς.

445-446. mvp-comment-195-1 And his head was used to wipe the stains away in washing' (the hearth). This additional circumstance of savagery is known to us only from Sophocles, but is probably not due to his invention. See Introd. to Aj. p. 1. Interpreters have supposed a change of subject, supplying ἡ ς ἡ Κλυταιμνήστρα ας nominative to ἐξέμαξεν. But this is unnecessary if it is borne in mind that verbs active in grammar are often used in Greek to express a passive condition. Essay on L. § 30. p. 52 d. Prof. Jebb understands the construction in the same way, with a slightly different nuance of interpretation: - 'And by way of funeral ablution received the print of the sword-stains on his head.' Mr. Paley translates, And at the washing of the body she wiped off the blood-stains on his head.' But did she wash the body?

446-447. mvp-comment-196-1 Electra tries to influence Chrysothemis, not only with fear of her dead father, but also by pointing out the uselessness of the action for Clytemnestra's purpose, and so quieting her sister's conscience in this respect.

448. mvp-comment-197-1 σὺ δέ] For the introduction of the personal pronoun without real emphasis, in such antitheses, see Essay on L. § 41. p. 79.

449. mvp-comment-198-1 Clipping off a little from thy luxuriant curls.' The words call attention to the abundance of Chrysothemis' hair in comparison with Electra's. Cp- Eur. Or. 128, 9, εἴδετε παρ᾿ ἄκρας ὡς ἀπέθρισεν τρίχας, | σώζουσα κάλλος.

451. mvp-comment-199-1 τήνδε †λιπαρή τρίχα] The adjective here is puzzling, whichever reading we adopt. Hermann thought the MS. reading ἀλιπαρή might bear the sense of 'unmeet for supplication.' But λιπαρεῖν is hardly near enough in meaning to λιτανεύειν to make this possible. The Scholiast and Suidas explain the alternative reading λιπαρή, by ἱκέτιν, ἐξ ἧς αὐτὸν λιπαρήσομεν.

451. mvp-comment-199-2 But this is wanting in point. And a confusion of λιπαρής with λιπαρός (i.e. ἀλιπαρῆ = αὐχμηράν) is not to be thought of. Perhaps λιπαρή, in the sense of 'patient,' 'persistent,' may have conveyed some shade of meaning suitable to the passage. Or possibly ΛΙΠΑΡΗ may be a corruption of AYC-ΠΙΝΗ. Ср. О. С. 1597, εἶτ᾿ ἔλυσε δυσπινεῖς στολάς. I cannot think, with Mr. Paley, that this and the following line are an interpolation. The words ἄχω, δὸς αὐτῷ, are too pathetic for this.

452. mvp-comment-200-1 οὐ χλιδαῖς ἠσκημένον] 'Not elegantly neat.' The dative of manner in χλιδαῖς has an adverbial force. Essay on L. § 14. p. 20. Electra's girdle had not been beautifully got up' and 'laid in lavender,' like her sister's.

453-454. mvp-comment-201-1 The belief in the real presence of the spirits of the dead on great occasions, which is so powerful in the Oresteia of Aeschylus, still survives in the Sophoclean drama, but is much less vividly and realistically felt. It has become more ideal.

455. mvp-comment-202-1 ἐξ ὑπερτέρας χερός] • With overpowering might.'

456. mvp-comment-203-1 ζῶντ᾽ ἐπεμβῆναι ποδί] Either (1) In the fulness of life (ζῶντα) should trample with his foot' (ποδί expletive); or (2) Should trample with a foot of living power' (ζῶντι.. ποδί). The latter is rendered improbable by the unusual elision, for which, however, cp. Trach. 675, ἀργῆτ᾽ οἰὸς εὐείρῳ πόκῳ, where see note. See also Pind. Ol. 13. 114, καρταίποδ᾽ ἀναρύῃ Γαιαóχῳ. In either case ζῆν is used in the secondary sense of being vigorous. Cp. Ant. 456, 7, ἀεί ποτε | ζῇ ταῦτα: Ο. Τ. 44, 5, and note.

459-460. mvp-comment-204-1 'Indeed, I do believe some care on his part caused the appalling dream to come to her.' For the use of the neuter participle, see Essay on L. § 30. p. 51 α. Although μέλον here has not the article, it should be added to the six examples there given. μὲν οὖν interposes the incidental thought, that even without their prayers Agamemnon was minded to interfere. Then, in 461, the main drift is resumed with ὅμως. 'Still, let us not omit this offering!'

461. mvp-comment-205-1 σοί is here equivalent to σαυτῇ, but occurring here as one of several coordinate terms, can hardly be adduced to justify the use of ἐμέ for ἐμαυτήν in supr. 363, which becomes necessary if λυπεῖν is read.

466-467. mvp-comment-206-1 τὸ γὰρ .. δρᾶν] ‘For when a thing is right, people should not quarrel over it, but hasten to do it.' Two points are doubtful in the construction of these words. a. Either (1) τὸ δίκαιον is subject of ἔχει, and ἐρίζειν is epexegetic infinitive, or (2) ἐρίζειν is the subject of ἔχει, and τὸ δίκαιον an accusative loosely governed by the words that follow it. b. τὸ δρᾶν is either (1) the direct object of ἐπισπεύδειν, or (2) epexegetic infinitive after ἐπισπεύδειν (i.e. ἐπισπεύδειν τὸ δίκαιον, ὥστε δρᾶν αὐτό). For the article in this case, cp. O. T. 1416, 7, ἐς δέον πάρεσθ᾽ ὅδε | Κρέων τὸ πράσσειν καὶ τὸ βουλεύειν : infr. 1030, μακρὸς τὸ κρῖναι ταῦτα χὼ λοιπὸς χρόνος. The addition of δυοῖν belongs to the same tendency to make numbers explicit, which appears in καὶ τὸ γενναῖον τρίτον (Ο. C. 8) and the like phrases. For the sense, cp. Fr. 76, τοῖς γὰρ δικαίοις ἀντέχειν οὐ ῥάδιον. In the second clause, ἀλλ' ἐπισπεύδειν, κ.τ.λ., a positive notion is understood from the negative. Essay on L. § 36. p. 64, β, 1 а.

468-471. mvp-comment-207-1 These lines are intended to emphasize at once the timidity of Chrysothemis and the harshness of Clytemnestra.

471-515. mvp-comment-208-1 The following short ode, the first stasimon, consisting of a single strophe, antistrophe, and epode, dwells, first, on the renewal of hope which is brought to the upholders of the righteous cause by the announcement of the dream, secondly, on the guilt of those whom Vengeance will now assail, and thirdly, on the long chain of troubles, of which their crime is the continuation. The rhythm, beginning from three short glyconian lines, is chiefly iambic and trochaic, with an increasing number of long syllables toward the close of each movement. The metrical scheme is the following:-

472-473. mvp-comment-209-1 Ср. О. Τ. 1086, εἴπερ ἐγὼ μάντις εἰμὶ καὶ κατὰ γνώμην ἴδρις.

475. mvp-comment-210-1 ὁ πρόμαντις Δίκα] 'Presaging Justice,' i.e. the just Power that has warned Clytemnestra through the dream.

476. mvp-comment-211-1 δίκαια κράτη] Either (1) 'Bringing with her the victorious strength of righteous action,' or (2) And shall bear away the victory in a righteous deed.' In the latter case (2) the participle is proleptic. The former interpretation (1) is on the whole more probable. For this use of φερομένα, cp. Hdt. 7. 50. § 8, πολλὴν φορβὴν φερόμενοι πορευόμεθα.

479-481. mvp-comment-212-1 These lines echo the language of the dialogue, supr. 412, ἔχεις τι θάρσος τοῦδε τοῦ τάρβους πέρι;

480. mvp-comment-213-1 ἁδυπνόων] · Breathing of gladness,' i.e. auspicious. Cp. O. T. 151, ὦ Διὸς ἀδυεπὲς φάτι.

480. mvp-comment-213-2 κλύουσαν] For this accusative, with the dative preceding, as if after θαρρύνει or some such word, see Essay on L. $ 6. p. 23, and cp. Aesch. Cho. 410, 11, πέπαλται δ᾽ αὐτέ μοι φίλον κέαρ τόνδε κλύουσαν οἶκτον.

484. mvp-comment-214-1 ὁ φύσας] It must be borne in mind that Electra is present during the chanting of this ode. Cp. supr. 184 and note.

485. mvp-comment-215-1 'Nor that oid two-edged axe of sharpened bronze.' χαλκόπλακτος is literally, 'Smiting with bronze,' χαλκέας πληγὰς ἔχων. See Essay on L. $ 53: p. 98. χαλκόπακτος, • Of solid bronze,' is the conjecture of Kvidala. The axe is imagined as giving evidence, much as in early times a weapon might be accused of homicide. For a somewhat similar fancy, attributing feeling to an inanimate instrument, cp. Philoctetes, 1130 foll., ἢ που ἐλεινὸν ὁρᾷς, κ.τ.λ., Hab. 2, 11, The nail shall cry out of the wall, and the beam out of the timber shall answer it, Woe unto him,' etc.

486. mvp-comment-216-1 αἰσχίσταις ἐν αἰκίαις] These words are an echo of supr. 444-6.

488-489. mvp-comment-217-1 καὶ πολύπους | καὶ πολύχειρ] With exceeding swiftness and might.' Like πᾶς and αὐτός in composition (E. on L. $ 55. p. 101), πολύς has here an intensive force, without having an exactly defined significance. Ср. πολύγλωσσος, infr. 798.

490. mvp-comment-218-1 Cp. infr. 1396, 7, δόλον σκότῳ κρύψας πρὸς αὐτὸ τέρμα.

491. mvp-comment-219-1 χαλκόπους] 'With adamantine,' i.e. (1) unwearying, 'footsteps.' Cp. χαλκὸς ἀτειρής. Or (2) Irresistible.'

492. mvp-comment-220-1 ἐπέβα] «There came on,' as a dangerous event (οἶσιν = τούτων οἷς).

495-498. mvp-comment-221-1 πρὸ τῶνδε .. συνδρῶσιν] ‘In the face of these things I feel assured that the portent which comes near to the doer or the abettor of the deed cannot be other than baneful.' In Sophocles, not as in Aeschylus, Aegisthus is the author, Clytemnestra the accessory, of the murder. In Aesch. Ag. 1609, he claims a greater share than the poet really attributes to him. For μήποτε, see E. on L. § 24. p. 41, y 2, and cp. Aj. 183.

499. mvp-comment-222-1 μαντεῖαι βροτῶν] 'Divination, as an art in which mortals are concerned.' Cp. Ο. Τ. 709, βρότειον οὐδὲν μαντικῆς ἔχον τέχνης, and see Essay on L. § 40. p. 75.

500. mvp-comment-223-1 οὐδ᾽ ἐν θεσφάτοις] The indication of the dream is as express and clear as any oracle. If the one fail of accomplishment, so must the other.

501. mvp-comment-224-1 εὐ κατασχήσει] 'Shall happily reach its destination,' i. e. shall have a fortunate issue. Cp. Trach. 826, 7, καὶ τάδ᾽ ὀρθῶς | ἔμπεδα κατουρίζει.

504-505. mvp-comment-225-1 'O chariot-race of Pelops in the former time, that hast caused many troubles, how pregnant was thine occurrence with sorrow for this land!' Sophocles passes over the quarrels of Atreus and Thyestes, and goes back at once to the homicide of which Pelops, the author of the whole race, was guilty. This made Hermes the father of Myrtilus send the golden ram, which led to the fatal dissension between the brothers. Eur. Or. 988-1012. The act of Orestes in the present drama is destined to put an end to the series of disasters which then began.

506. mvp-comment-226-1 On the question between αἰανής and αἰανή, cp. Aj. 672 and note.

510. mvp-comment-227-1 *παγχρυσέων] The chariot of the wealthy Pelops on his bridal journey was encrusted with gold. Cp. Pind. Ol. 1.87. παγχρύσεος is the Homeric form, and if a change is necessary, this seems to be the simplest. The metre is the same as in 512. Others read παγχρύσων ἐκ δίφρων. Μ. has πολυχρύσων.

511. mvp-comment-228-1 δυστάνοις αἰκίαις] Myrtilus,

511-512. mvp-comment-229-1 although a traitor to Oenomaus, was a benefactor to Pelops. Observe the repetition of the word from supr. 486, also infr. 515.

512. mvp-comment-230-1 πρόρριζος ἐκριφθείς] «Uprooted and flung forth.'

513-515. mvp-comment-231-1 'Never since that day has sad dishonour left the house.' Some editors read ἔλιπεν ἐκ τοῦδ᾽ οἴκου, ‘Has failed out of this house,' which is less probable. Wecklein reads οἴκους | πολυπάμονας, which is supported by the scholion on 508, οὐ διέλιπεν αἰκία τοὺς πολυκτήμονας δόμους. But see E. on L. § 44. pp. 83, 4.

516. mvp-comment-232-1 The dialectic of the following scene may be compared with Aj. 1047 foll., Ant. 632 foll.

517. mvp-comment-233-1 The spectator is a second time informed of Aegisthus' absence, which is so necessary to the plot. Supr. 310 foll.

518. mvp-comment-234-1 θυραίαν γ'.. φίλους] ‘To go out of doors and bring disgrace upon your relatives:'-i.e. your appearance and conduct in the house are a sufficient disgrace to them. Cp. supr. 312, 3.

521. mvp-comment-235-1 ὡς θρασεῖα] Sc. εἰμί.

522. mvp-comment-236-1 σὲ καὶ τὰ σά] • Thee and thine.' Clytemnestra thus acknowledges that Electra's complaints were never for herself alone, but for her father.

525-526. mvp-comment-237-1 πατήρ .. τέθνηκεν] Your father, that is what you are always holding forth, (how that he) died by my act. By a kind of attraction, the main sentence, as it proceeds, becomes subordinated to the parenthesis.

529. mvp-comment-238-1 ᾖ] Sc. τῇ Δίκῃ.

531. mvp-comment-239-1 μοῦνος Ἑλλήνων] i. e. either (1) he did what no other Greek could have had the heart to do, in sacrificing his child, or (2) while the army consented to the sacrifice, he had the sole responsibility, as commander-in-chief, or (3) when all shrank from the sacrificial act, he himself took the knife to slay his daughter. For (3) cp. Aesch. Ag. 225, ἔτλη δ᾽ οὖν θυτὴρ γενέσθαι θυγατρός, κ.τ.λ., ib. 210, 231 foll.

534. mvp-comment-240-1 τοῦ χάριν τίνων] 'On whose account?' lit. Absolving an obligation to whom?' Others read τοῦ χάριν, τίνων; 'Wherefore, on whose account?'

536. mvp-comment-241-1 1.ε. ἀλλ᾽ οὐ μετὴν αὐτοῖσι τῆς γ' ἐμῆς, ὥστε τὴν ἐμὴν κτανεῖν.

537-538. mvp-comment-242-1 But if for his brother Menelaus' sake he slew my child, was it to be expected that I should not requite him for this?'

539. mvp-comment-243-1 παῖδες.. διπλοῖ] Megapenthes and Hermione, the children of Menelaus and Helen.

542-543. mvp-comment-244-1 Or had Death somehow a greater longing to devour my offspring than Helen's?' δαίσασθαι is epexegetic infinitive, sc. τἀμὰ τέκνα δαίσασθαι.

544-545. mvp-comment-245-1 Or had that accursed father given up all care for his children by me, while preserving his affection for Menelaus' offspring?"

548. mvp-comment-246-1 Contrast with this the feeling of Antigone, Ant. 515, οὐ μαρτυρήσει ταῦθ᾽ ὁ κατθανὼν νεκύς.

549-550. mvp-comment-247-1 ἐγὼ. .δύσθυμος] ‘For my part, then, the past causes me no misgiving. She will not confess her alarm before Electra. τοῖς πεπραγμένοις is dative of the reason: Essay on L. § 14. p. 21. Cp. Thuc. 3. 98. § 6, τοῖς πεπραγμένοις φοβούμενος τοὺς ᾿Αθηναίους.

551. mvp-comment-248-1 If you must blame others, do so on just grounds,' lit. Having got hold of a just notion of the case.' These words are a challenge to Electra to show cause why Agamemnon should not have been slain, as the mere fact of his death ( supr. 525, 6) was no sufficient reason for her continued abuse. The stress is on the participial clause, or rather on the word δικαίαν.

552-553. mvp-comment-249-1 έρε ἐρεῖς . . λυπηρόν] The death of Iphigenia was a painful subject to Electra.

556-557. mvp-comment-250-1 εἰ δὲ μ᾿ ὧδ' ἀεὶ λόγους | ἐξήρχες] 'If your speeches to me were always tuned in that key.' με is governed κατὰ σύνεσιν by the whole phrase, as equivalent to ὧδε προσηγόρευες, ἐξάρχειν is used as in ἐξάρχειν μέλος. Electra is imagined as sounding the note to which Clytemnestra responds.

561. mvp-comment-251-1 δίκῃ] 'As moved thereto by Justice:'-dative of the cause.

563-564. mvp-comment-252-1 τίνος .. Αὐλίδι] ‘In requital for what' either (1) He endured that mighty wind at Aulis?' or (2) That great tempest fell upon Aulis?' or (3) She directed (ἐπέσχεν) that mighty wind at Aulis? It may be objected to (1), that if Agamemnon is the subject of ἔσχε, the words πατὴρ οὐμός in 566 are unnecessary. For (3) requiring ἔσχεν to be equivalent to ἐπέσχεν, see Essay on L. § 55. p. 101, 4, and L. and S., s. v. ἔχω, Α. ii. 7, and cp. Il. 14. 57, οἱ δ᾽ ἐπὶ νηυσὶ θοῇσι μάχην ἀλίαστον ἔχουσιν: 11.271, (εἰλειθυῖαι) πικρὰς ὠδῖνας ἔχουσai.

565. mvp-comment-253-1 κείνης.. μαθεῖν] ‘For you may not learn from her;' i. e. Artemis will not hold communication with one so polluted. Clytemnestra notwithstanding appeals to Artemis, infr. 626.

566-569. mvp-comment-254-1 Electra's point is that Agamemnon's fault which provoked Artemis was a light and all but involuntary offence.

567. mvp-comment-255-1 ἐξεκίνησεν ποδοῖν] ‘Startled by his tread.' The language is softened so as to convey the impression that Agamemnon put up the stag accidentally.

569. mvp-comment-256-1 He chanced to let fall some word of boasting.' There is a stress on the participle ἐκκομπάσας.

571-572. mvp-comment-257-1 Electra does not raise the question whether the will of Artemis was just or not. She is contented with shifting the responsibility from Agamemnon.

575. mvp-comment-258-1 The words πολλὰ καὶ ἀντιβάς form a separate clause, unless πολλά be joined to βιασθείς, which is improbable. For which cause, and not for Menelaus'sake, under compulsion, -ay, after many a struggle, he reluctantly sacrificed her.' After making this elaborate statement of the immediate cause, it occurs to Electra that everything connected with the expedition was in one sense done on Menelaus' account. Hence she resumes, with εἰ δ' οὖν, by admitting this, as if for the sake of argument.

579. mvp-comment-259-1 ποίῳ νόμῳ] 'On what principle?' Cp. Ant. 908, τίνος νόμου δὴ ταῦτα πρὸς χάριν λέγω;

584. mvp-comment-260-1 οὐκ οὖσαν] 'Unreal;' i.e. οὐκ ἀληθῆ. Cp. Τhuc. 6. 16, προσποίησίν τε ξυγγενείας .. καὶ μὴ οὖσαν.

589. mvp-comment-261-1 τοὺς δὲ πρόσθεν] Sc. παΐδας, understood πρὸς τὸ σημαινόμενον from παιδοποιεῖς. Essay on L. § 36. p. 64.

590. mvp-comment-262-1 εὐσεβῶν] i. e. ᾿Αγαμέμνονος. Poetical plural. ἐκβαλοῦσ᾽ ἔχεις] «You have cast out from favour. Electra is virtually an outcast, and Orestes, although not banished by his mother's act, durst not return openly to his home.

591. mvp-comment-263-1 πῶς.. ἄν] «Do you expect me to approve of this?'-referring to supr. 550.

591-592. mvp-comment-264-1 ἢ.. λαμβάνεις] « Or will you say that in this, too, you are vindicating your daughter?' τοῦτο, accusative in apposition with τῆς θ. α. λ.

593. mvp-comment-265-1 αἰσχρῶς] Sc. ἐρεῖς. οὐ γὰρ καλόν, κ. τ. λ.]. There is little virtue in,' etc. See on Aj. 1132, 1349.

595-597. mvp-comment-266-1 ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γὰρ . . κακοστομοῦμεν 'But then one may not even reason with you, since you reply with all your vehemence that I am reviling my mother.' For ἀλλ᾽ οὐ .. γάρ without apodosis, cp. O. C. 988 foll., ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γὰρ οὔτ᾽ ἐν τοῖσδ᾽ ἀκούσομαι κακὸς | γάμοισιν, κ.τ.λ. πᾶσαν ἵης γλῶσσαν = πᾶσαν γλῶσσαν ἱεῖσα λέγεις. Cp. Plat. Legg. 10. p. 890 D, ἀλλὰ πᾶσαν, τὸ λεγόμενον, φωνὴν ἱέντα τῷ παλαιῷ νόμῳ ἐπίκουρον γίγνεσθαι λόγῳ.

597. mvp-comment-267-1 νέμω] ·And truly I account thee rather my mistress than my mother.' καί has a sarcastic tone as in interrogation, and is nearly = καί τοι, - as in Aj. 92 it may be said to have the force of καὶ μήν.

601. mvp-comment-268-1 ὁ δ᾽ ἄλλος ἔξω] 'And he, moreover, in a foreign land. The article is demonstrative, and ἄλλοs is predicative or adverbial. See Essay on L. § 21. pp. 33, 5. χεῖρα . . φυγών] Electra implies that Clytemnestra would have killed Orestes

601-602. mvp-comment-269-1 if she could, either at the time of Agamemnon's murder, or afterwards.

603. mvp-comment-270-1 σοὶ .. μιάστορα] ‘An avenger of blood against thee.' μιάστωρ is properly one who stains others with his own guilt; here it is one who fixes the stain of guilt by executing vengeance for it. Compare the use of the verb 'to stain' in Elizabethan English: e.g. Shaksp. Ant. and Cleo. 3. 4, 'I'll raise the preparation of a War | Shall stain your brother.'

606. mvp-comment-271-1 εἴτε † χρή) ‘Whether you must call me,' etc. Here, as in Aj. 1373, the reading of the MSS, which is possibly idiomatic, is preferred το χρῇς = χρήζεις, which is a doubtful emendation.

608. mvp-comment-272-1 τῶνδε τῶν ἔργων] ‘Of actions which have this character.' Cp. O. T. 864, 5, τὰν εὔσεπτον ἁγνείαν λόγων ἔργων τε πάντων, ὧν, κ.τ.λ., and note.

609. mvp-comment-273-1 καταισχύνω] Cp. Aj. 1304, 5. ἆρ᾽ ὧδ᾽ ἄριστος ἐξ ἀριστέοιν δυοῖν | βλαστὼν ἂν αἰσχύνοιμι τοὺς πρὺς αἵματος;

610. mvp-comment-274-1 ὁρῶ μένος πνέουσαν] Sc. τὴν Κλυταιμνήστραν. This appears from her reply, and also from the comparison οἱ εἰ δὲ σὺν δίκῃ, κ.τ.λ, with supr. 528. Here, as in O. T. 746, Aesch. Ag. 1306, τί δ' ἐστὶ χρῆμα; τίς σ᾽ ἀποστρέφει φόβος; -the dialogue contains a reference to by-play.

614. mvp-comment-275-1 τηλικοῦτος] 'At her age.' Cp. infr. 961, 2:-i.e. Her words are not those of a petulant girl, which might be safely disregarded.

616-619. mvp-comment-276-1 The harshness of Electra is not native to her character, but superinduced, and she is painfully conscious of this.

623. mvp-comment-277-1 πόλλ᾽ ἄγαν λέγειν ποιεῖ] 'Make you to say too much: '-i.e. Are too much the theme of your discourse, in which you say much that you should not.

624. mvp-comment-278-1 viv is here neuter plural = αὐτά.

624-625. mvp-comment-279-1 Translated by Milton:-''Tis you that say it, not I; you do the deeds, And your ungodly deeds find me the words.'

626. mvp-comment-280-1 μὰ τὴν .. "Αρτεμιν] Cp. supr. 565, and note. θράσους is genitive of cause.

627. mvp-comment-281-1 For the repetition of οὐκ, see Essay on L. § 29. p. 48. We are again reminded that Aegisthus is from home. Cp. supr. 517.

628-629. mvp-comment-282-1 μεθεῖσά μοι χρήζοιμ 'After giving me leave to say what I chose.' Supr. 556.

630. mvp-comment-283-1 οὐδ᾽ ὑπ᾿ εὐφήμου βοῆς], 'Not even in silence from clamour:' - i. e. Not even without being pestered by your noise.

632. mvp-comment-284-1 κελεύω] 'I urge it on you:'- i.e. as knowing what need you have to propitiate the gods.