Sophocles Ajax 481

ed. Francis Storr

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Ajax. Sophocles. ed. Francis Storr. London. 1913.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The Annenberg CPB/Project.

Current edition Experimental

Αἴας (Greek) (Sophocles, Volume 2. Storr, Francis, editor. London; New York: William Heinemann Ltd.; The Macmillan Company, 1913.)

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (3)
Αἴας μαστιγοφόρος First1KGreek (Sophocles. Sophoclis Aiax. Lobeck Christian, editor. Berlin: Weidmann, 1866.) — 425-591 focus
Αἴας First1KGreek (Sophocles. Sophoclis Fabulae. Pearson, Alfred Chilton, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924.) — 430-595 focus
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 481 focus
οὐδεὶς ἐρεῖ ποθ᾽ ὡς ὑπόβλητον λόγον λον λόγον,
Αίας, ἔλεξας, ἀλλὰ τῆς σαυτοῦ τῆσαὐτοῦ τοῦ φρενός.
παῦσαί γε μέντοι καὶ δὸς ἀνδράσιν φίλοις
γνώμης κρατῆσαι, τάσδε φροντίδας μεθείς.
Translations (5)
English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 481 focus
From thine own spirit, Aias, all may tell,
That utterance came, and none have prompted thee.
Yet stay thy hurrying thought, and by thy friends
Be ruled to loose this burden from thy mind.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 481 focus
Wohl Keiner sagt, Herr, daß ein Wort, fremdher entlehnt,
460
Du mir geredet; nein, es kam aus deiner Brust.
Doch laß es gut sein, laß von deiner Freunde Rath
Dein Herz bezwingen, und verbanne diesen Gram.
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 481 focus
Had not my mind been wrought on by some power
Superior, and my eyes averted from them.
They had not lived to give another sentence ;
But Jove's great daughter, the invincible,
The dreadful Pallas, turned my arm aside,
Just raised against them, and inspired me thus
With liorrid rage to dip my murd'rous hand
In blood of guiltless cattle : they meantime
Smile at tlie danger 'scaped, and triumph o'er me.
But, when the gods oppose us, valour bends
To cowai-dico, and strength to weakness yields ;
By Troy detested, and by Greece forsaken ?
Shall I go leave the Atridae here alone
To fight their cause, and seek my native land ?
But how shall I appear before my father.
Spoiled of his honours 1 he who ever crowned
^Vith glory sits ; it must not, cannot be.
What if I rush amid the Trojan host,
And with my single arm oppose them all,
Do something noble, and as nobly perish !
But that would please th' Atridje, therefore never
Shall it be done : no, 1 will do a deed
To show my father that I still deserve
The name of son, and emulate my sire :
When life but teems with unremitted woes,
'Tis poor in man to wish a longer date :
For what can day on day, and year on year,
But put off wished-for death, and lengthen pain ?
Of little worth is he who still depends
On fruitless hope ; for it becomes the brave
To live with honour, or to die with glory.
Ye have my thoughts.
Chor Thoughts not unworthy of thee,
Ajax ; but quit, oh ! quit, thy horrid purpose.
And yield thee to thy friends.
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 481 focus
No man will ever say these words are false;
They are the genuine dictates of thy heart.
Yet he thou soften'd; let thy friends prevail;
Appease thy mind, nor harbour thoughts like these.
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 481 focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-288-1 ὑπόβλητον 1

mvp-comment-289-1 γε μέντοι 2 κρατῆσαι 3

mvp-comment-290-1 τῆς ἀναγκαίας τύχης 4

mvp-comment-291-1 εἴπερ τινὸς σθένοντος 5

mvp-comment-291-2 ἐν πλούτῳ 6

mvp-comment-292-1 θεοῖς 7

mvp-comment-292-2 μάλιστα 8

mvp-comment-293-1 τοιγαροῦν 9

mvp-comment-293-2 τὸ σὸν λέχος ξυνῆλθον 10

mvp-comment-293-3 τὰ σά 11

mvp-comment-294-1 ἐφεστίου Διὸς 12

mvp-comment-295-1 συνηλλάχθης 13

mvp-comment-296-1 βάξιν λαβεῖν … ὑπ’ ἐχθρῶν 14

mvp-comment-296-2 χειρίαν 15

mvp-comment-296-3 ἐφεὶς 16

mvp-comment-297-1 ᾗ γὰρ θάνῃς σὺ 17 ᾗ 18 εἰ 19

mvp-comment-297-2 ἀφῇς 20

mvp-comment-298-1 ξυναρπασθεῖσαν 21 δουλίαν 22 δούλιν 23

mvp-comment-298-2 τροφή 24

mvp-comment-299-1 καί τις 25

mvp-comment-299-2 πικρὸν πρόσφθεγμα … ἐρεῖ 26 πικρὸν 27

mvp-comment-299-3 λόγοις ἰάπτων 28 λόγοις 29 ἰάπτων 30

mvp-comment-300-1 ἵσχυσε 31

mvp-comment-300-2 οἵας … ὅσου 32

mvp-comment-300-3 ζήλου 33

mvp-comment-300-4 τρέφει 34

mvp-comment-301-1 κἀμὲ μὲν 35 σοὶ δ’ αἰσχρὰ 36 ἐλᾷ 37

mvp-comment-301-2 αἰσχρὰ 38

mvp-comment-302-1 αἴδεσαι … προλείπων 39 προλείπων 40

mvp-comment-302-2 κληροῦχον 41

mvp-comment-302-3 ἀρᾶται 42

mvp-comment-303-1 οἴκτιρε 43 εἰ 44

mvp-comment-303-2 διοίσεται 45 σοῦ … μόνος 46

mvp-comment-304-1 ὑπ’ ὀρφανιστῶν 47

mvp-comment-304-2 The word

ὀρφανιστής
(found only here) =
ἐπίτροπος
, ‘guardian.’ Eustathius (p. 533. 30), on Il. 5. 158
χηρωσταὶ δὲ διὰ κτῆσιν δατέοντο
, explains
χηρωσταί
as those who administered the property of persons who left no direct heirs (
τοὺς χηρεύοντας διαδόχων
); adding,
οἵτινες κατὰ λόγον ἄλλον καὶ ὀρφανισταὶ ἐκαλοῦντο, ὡς ὀρφανῶν ὑπεριστάμενοι, καθὰ καὶ Σοφοκλῆς δηλοῖ
. Apparently, then, he knew the word only from this verse. (The verb
ὀρφανίζω
usu.=to make
ὀρφανός
.)

mvp-comment-304-3 μὴ φίλων 48

mvp-comment-304-4 Compare Andromachè's description, in her lament over Hector, of the lot in store for her child,

ἦμαρ δ’ ὀρφανικὸν παναφήλικα παῖδα τίθησιν
, ‘the day of orphanhood makes a child companionless,’ etc.: Il. 22. 490 —498.

mvp-comment-305-1 βλέπω 49

mvp-comment-305-2 ᾔστωσας 50

mvp-comment-305-3 δορί 51 δόρει 52

mvp-comment-306-1 ἄλλη μοῖρα 53

mvp-comment-307-1 καθεῖλεν … οἰκήτορας 54 Ἅιδου, θανασίμους 55

mvp-comment-308-1 πατρίς 56

mvp-comment-308-2 ἐν σοὶ … σῴζομαι 57 πᾶς’ 58

mvp-comment-309-1 κἀμοῦ 59

mvp-comment-309-2 προσεῖναι 60

mvp-comment-309-3 τερπνὸν εἴ τί που πάθοι 61

mvp-comment-310-1 χάρις χάριν γάρ 62

mvp-comment-310-2 τίκτους’ 63

mvp-comment-311-1 ἀπορρεῖ 64

mvp-comment-311-2 γένοιτ’ 65

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

481. mvp-comment-329-1 ὑπόβλητον] 'False,' i.e. unreal and not your own. Supr. 189, εἰ δ᾽ ὑποβαλλόμενοι | κλέπτουσι μύθους, κ.τ.λ.

482. mvp-comment-330-1 ἀλλὰ τῆς σαυτοῦ φρενός] 'But one proceeding from your inmost thought.'

484. mvp-comment-331-1 γνώμης κρατήσαι] 'To overrule thy purpose.' Cp. supr. 448, γνώμης ἀπῇξαν τῆς ἐμῆς. In Phil. 972, δούς is used absolutely with dat. of the person for 'yielding to advice.' Cp. Trach. 1117, δός μοι σεαυτόν.

485. mvp-comment-332-1 This speech of Tecmessa's has a certain general resemblance to that of Andromache in Il. 6. 407 foll. τῆς ἀναγκαίας τύχης] 'Helpless misfortune.' ἀναγκαία τύχη is the crushing calamity that leaves its victim no chance of extricating himself. The phrase is touchingly expressive of Tecmessa's orphaned and captive state.

488. mvp-comment-333-1 εἴπερ τινός] The hypothetical clause εἴπερ τις is attracted, as a sort of pronoun, into the construction of the clause on which it depends. See E. on L. § 35. p. 60, and cp. ἔνιοι. So in O. C. 734, σθένουσαν.. εἴ τιν' Ἑλλάδος. For σθένοντος ἐν πλούτῳ, cp. Pind. Isthm. 3. 2, σθένει πλούτου; Eur. Εl. 939.

489. mvp-comment-334-1 που] 'I suppose.'

490. mvp-comment-335-1 μάλιστα] 'Above all.' The power of Ajax is more manifest to Tecmessa than that of the gods themselves, and she has learnt to adopt something of his bold way of speaking about them. Cp. infr. 950-3. She knows, too, that it is dangerous in his presence to acknowledge the gods as supreme over him. Cp. infr. 589, 90.

491. mvp-comment-336-1 τὸ σὸν λέχος ξυνῆλθον] Sc. σοί implied in τὸ σόν. 'Since I came to wedlock with thee.' εὐ φρονῶ τὰ σά] 'My thoughts are wholly for thy good.' As she is one with him, she feels that she has a right to speak of what concerns them both.

492-493. mvp-comment-337-1 πρός τ᾽ ἐφεστίου Διὸς | εὐνῆς τε τῆς σῆς] « By Zeus who has watched over our hearth, and by my union with thee.' Tecmessa's claim rests (1) on her having been admitted by Ajax himself to share his home; (2) on the yet closer tie which binds them together.

493. mvp-comment-338-1 'And by thy marriage bed wherein thou wast joined with me.' For τῆς σῆς, cp. Il. 18. 433; Od. 4. 333. ξυναλλάξασθαι is here 'to enter upon a new relation with.' Cp. especially Eur. Ι. Α. 1157, οὗ σοι καταλλαχθεῖσα, κ.τ.λ.

494. mvp-comment-339-1 μή μ᾿ ἀξιώσῃς] 'Have more regard for me than to let me.' βάξιν] For βάζειν, of ill-natured talk, cp. Hes. Op. 184, τοὺς δ᾽ ἄρα μέμψονται χαλεποῖς βάζοντες ἔπεσσι: (Eur.) Rhes. 718, ἑστίαν ᾿Ατρειδᾶν κακῶς | ἔβαζε.

495. mvp-comment-340-1 χειρίαν ἐφεὶς τινί] 'Letting me fall under the hand of some one.' Cp. infr. 1297, ἐφῆκεν ἐλλοῖς ἰχθύσιν διαφθοράν.

496. mvp-comment-341-1 εἰ γὰρ θάνῃς σύ] Cp. Ο. C. 1443, εἴ σου στερηθῶ. Some editors have unnecessarily changed ei to ᾖ. For ταύτῃ, in l. 497, without pronominal correlative, cp. Trach. 719, 20, κεῖνος εἰ σφαλήσεται, | ταύτῃ σὺν ὁρμῇ κἀμὲ συνθανεῖν ἅμα. The slight inexactness is here supplemented by the addition of τῇ τότε. ἀφῆς] Sc. ἡμᾶς.

499. mvp-comment-342-1 δουλίαν .. τροφήν] 'The life of slaves.' For the condition of the captive widow, cp. Od. 8. 526 foll. ἡ μὲν τὸν θνήσκοντα καὶ ἀσπαίροντ᾽ ἐσιδοῦσα, | ἀμφ᾿ αὐτῷ χυμένη λίγα κωκύει· οἱ δὲ τ' ὄπισθεν | κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον ἠδὲ καὶ ὤμους, | εἴρερον εἰσανάγουσι πόνον τ' ἐχέμεν καὶ ὀϊζύν· | τῆς δ᾽ ἐλεεινοτάτῳ ἄχεῖ φθινύθουσι παρειαί, and for that of the orphan, Il. 22. 490, ἦμαρ δ᾽ ὀρφανικὸν παναφήλικα, κ.τ.λ.

500. mvp-comment-343-1 πρόσφθεγμα here is what is spoken not to, but at or about a person.

501. mvp-comment-344-1 λόγοις ἰάπτων] 'Hitting with sharp words.' The construction follows the analogy of βάλλειν τινὰ λίθῳ.

502. mvp-comment-345-1 μέγιστον ἴσχυσε] 'Surpassed all men in might.' So the force of the aorist may be expressed.

503. mvp-comment-346-1 οἷας λατρείας] 'What a life of servitude.' The plural indicates the various menial actions included in λατρείας. ἀνθ᾽ ὅσου ζήλου] 'Instead of being so envied as she was.' ζῆλος in the sense of an envied condition occurs several times in Demosthenes. See L. and S. s. v.

504. mvp-comment-347-1 κἀμὲ μὲν δαίμων ἐλᾷ] ‘And I indeed shall go whither destiny shall drive me.' Tecmessa means to say that her lot, however terrible, matters little, but that the honour of Ajax and his race is in question.

508. mvp-comment-348-1 κληρούχον] 'Inheritress,' i. e. possessor. The specific word is used with a generic meaning. Essay on L. §52. p. 97.

510. mvp-comment-349-1 εἰ] 'To think how.' Essay on L. § 28. p. 46.

510-511. mvp-comment-350-1 νέας.. μόνος] ‘With his young life uncared for, bereaved of you, either (1) 'he will live his life' (see L. and S. s. v. διαφέρω), or (2) ‘he will be torn in pieces' (= διαφορηθήσεται). Against (1), which is the Scholiast's and Musgrave's interpretation, it may be urged that ὑπ᾿ ὀρφανιστῶν = ' at the mercy of guardians,' is rather abrupt after διοίσεται in this sense, and that the only authority for this use of the middle voice of διαφέρω is Hippocrates, Art. 823: against (2), which is substantially Hermann's, it can only be said that strictly passive uses of οἴσομαι are rare. Hesychius and the ancient scholiast support (1). For (2) cp. Dem. contr. Steph. p. 1120, 64, ἐπειδὴ δ᾽ ἀπώλετ᾽ ἐκεῖνος, οὐχ ἥκιστα ὑπὸ τούτου καὶ τῶν τοιούτων διαφορηθείς. For νέα τροφή, cp. Ο. C. 345, 6, ἐξ ὅτου νέας | τροφῆς ἔληξε καὶ κατίσχυσεν δέμας.

512. mvp-comment-351-1 ὑπ᾿ ὀρφανιστῶν μὴ φίλων] Tecmessa bitterly remarks that the only guardians of Eurysaces' orphanhood will not be true guardians, but enemies. ὅσον κακόν, κ.τ.λ.] These words resume the suppressed antecedent of the hypothetical clause, εἰ νέας, κ.τ.λ.

516. mvp-comment-352-1 'And another doom,' etc.; i.e. they were not slain in the destruction of the city. Cp. II. 6. 428. The correction from καὶ μητέρ᾽ ἀλλ᾽ ἡ το καὶ μητέρ᾽ ἄλλη, is not without MS. authority, and is every way necessary; above all as Sophocles thus avoids making Ajax the slayer of Tecmessa's parents. But Hermann's suggestion that a line may have dropped out between 515 and 516, deserves consideration. As he points out, dé rather than καί would seem to be the natural conjunction as the sentence stands.

517. mvp-comment-353-1 θανασίμους is proleptic: 'Laid them low in death and made them inhabitants of the unseen world.'

518-519. mvp-comment-354-1 τίς . . πλοῦτος] « What home or what wealth could be mine instead of you?'

518. mvp-comment-355-1 can e'er be mine to compensate for thee? What fortune?'

519. mvp-comment-356-1 ἐν σοὶ πᾶσ᾽ ἔγωγε σώζομαι] 'My hopes all rest on thee.' For this use of wâs, see Essay on L. § 23. p. 38; and cp. supr. 275.

520. mvp-comment-357-1 Tecmessa, from l. 505 onwards, has tried to put herself out of sight, and to move Ajax by appealing to other interests. But in concluding she returns to the direct personal appeal with which she began. And when this fails to rouse him, she even ventures a word of affectionate reproach.