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Feel madness rankling in their hearts.

By thee the virtuous mind beguil'd

Antigone
GOLD

Antigone. Sophocles. Robert Potter (Translator). London. 1820.

Current edition Experimental

English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Robert Potter, 1788))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (12)

Greek (L. Benloew, 1858) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (L. Benloew, 1858)) — 801 focus

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ᾽γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν

ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ᾽ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ᾽

οὐκ ἔτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων,
800

τὸν ὁ παγκοίταν ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον ¹

τήνδ᾽ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν.

Ἀντιγόνη

b

Greek (A. Boeckh, 1884) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Boeckh, 1884)) — 801 focus

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ᾽γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν
770

ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ᾽ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ᾽

οὐκ ἔτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων,

τὸν παγκοίταν ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον

τήνδ᾽ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν.

8. ΕΠΕΙΣΟΔΙΟΝ ΤΈΤΑΡΤΟΝ.

Ἀντιγόνη

1

Greek (F. H. Bothe, 1806) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. H. Bothe, 1806)) — 801 focus

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ᾿γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν
790

ἔξω φέρομαι, τάδ᾽ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν

δ᾽ οὐκ ἔτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων,

τὸν παγκοίταν ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον

τήνδ᾽ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν.

Ἀντιγόνη

2

Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 801 focus

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ἐγὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν

ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ' ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ'

οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων,

τὸν παγκοίταν ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον

τήνδ' Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν.
805

Ἀντιγόνη
α

Greek (A. Colonna, 1978) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Colonna, 1978)) — 801 focus

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ᾿γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν

ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ᾽ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ᾽

οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων,

τὸν παγκοίταν ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον

τήνδ᾽ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν.
805

Ἀντιγόνη
1

Greek (A. Dain, 1955) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Dain, 1955)) — 801 focus

νῦν δ’ ἤδη ’γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν

ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ’ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ’

οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων,

τὸν παγκοίτην ὅθ’ ὁρῶ θάλαμον

τήνδ’ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν.
805

Ἀντιγόνη
1

Greek (R. D. Dawe, 1979) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (R. D. Dawe, 1979)) — 801 focus

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ᾿γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν

ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ᾽ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν

δ᾽ οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων,

τὸν παγκοίτην ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον

τήνδ᾽ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν.
805

2

Ἀντιγόνη

Greek (G. Hermann, 1830) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (G. Hermann, 1830)) — 801 focus

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ᾿γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν
795

ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ᾽ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ᾽

οὐκ ἔτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων,

τὸν παγκοίταν ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον

τήνδ᾽ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν.

Ἀντιγόνη

1

Greek (R. C. Jebb, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (R. C. Jebb, 1906)) — 801 focus

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ᾿γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν

ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ᾽ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ᾽

οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων,

τὸν παγκοίτην ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον

τήνδ᾽ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν.
805

Ἀντιγόνη

1

Greek (A. C. Pearson, 1924) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. C. Pearson, 1924)) — 801 focus

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ᾽γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν

ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ᾽ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ᾽

οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων,

τὸν παγκοίταν ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον

τήνδ᾽ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν.
805

Ἀντιγόνη

Antigone (OCR draft) Experimental (Antigone) — 801 focus

Χορός

νῦν δʼ ἤδη ʼγὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν

ἔξω φέρομαι τάδʼ ὁρῶν ἴσχειν δʼ

οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων,

τὸν παγκοίτην ὅθʼ ὁρῶ θάλαμον

τήνδʼ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν.
805

Greek (K. Reinhardt, 1949) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (K. Reinhardt, 1949)) — 801 focus

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ᾽γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν

ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ᾽ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ᾽

οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων,

τὸν παγκοίτην ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον

τήνδ᾽ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν.
805

Ἀντιγόνη

Translations (10)

German (A. Boeckh, 1884) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (A. Boeckh, 1884)) — 801 focus

Schon werd' auch ich weit über das Recht
770

dies schauend geführt, und nicht halt' ich

mir der Thränen Ergufs noch länger zurück,

da ins Grabbrautbett, das alles verschlingt,

ich seh' Antigone'n wandeln.

IX. VIERTES EPEISODION.

ANTIGONE von den Knechten begleitet; später KREON.

ANTIGONE.
Str. 1.

Spanish (J. A. Bolufer, 1921) (OCR draft) Experimental (Spanish (J. A. Bolufer, 1921)) — 801 focus

Ahora, en verdad, yo mismo me dejo llevar fuera de lo debido, y no puedo contener las lágrimas de mis ojos al ver que Antígona camina hacia el lecho que a todo el mundo adormece.

ANTIGONA

Latin (F. H. Bothe, 1806) (OCR draft) Experimental (Latin (F. H. Bothe, 1806)) — 801 focus

Quin et iam ipse ultra licitum feror, haec cernens, neque amplius lacrimarum fontes cohibere valeo, quum Antigonam hanc video ad thalamum omnibus communem perduci.

Antigone

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 801 focus

Who may avoid thee? None!

Mortal, Immortal,

All are o’erthrown by thee, all feel thy frenzy.

Lightly thou draw’st awry Righteous minds into wrong to their ruin

Thou this unkindly quarrel hast inflamed

German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 801 focus

Nun führt auch mich, was ich anseh'n muß,¹

Schon über die Bahn des Gesezes hinaus;

Nicht länger bezwing' ich der Thränen Erguß,
795

Da in Hades' Gemach, das Alle verschlingt,

Ich hinabgeh'n sehe die Jungfrau.

Antigone. Der Chor. Zweite Strophe.

Antigone.

English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 806 focus

Chords.

Antigone

Farewell, my friends, my countrymen, farewell !

Here on her last sad journey you behold

The poor Antigone ; for never more

Shall I return, or view the light of day :

The hand of death conducts me to the shore
810

Of dreary Acheron ; no nuptial song

Reserved for me — the wretched bride alone

Of Pluto now, and wedded to the tomb.

Chorus

Spanish (A. G. Garbin, 1889) (OCR draft) Experimental (Spanish (A. G. Garbin, 1889)) — 801 focus

Yo mismo en este instante, rebelde á los mandatos de Creonte, no puedo contener el raudal de mis lágrimas, viendo á Antigona caminar hácia la mansión en que se duerme el eterno sueño.

ANTÍGONA Y EL CORO

Estrofa 1.a

ANTÍGONA

German (F. Hölderlin, 1804) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (F. Hölderlin, 1804)) — 801 focus

Jezt aber komm’ ich, eben, selber, aus
830

Dem Geseze. Denn anschn muß ich diess, und halten kann ich

Nicht mehr die Qttelle der Thränen,

Da in das alles schwaigende Bett’

Ich seh’ Antigonä wandeln.

English (Sir Richard Jebb1, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb1, 1904)) — 801 focus

But now I also am carried beyond the bounds of loyalty, and can no more keep back the streaming tears, when I see Antigone thus passing to the bridal chamber where all are laid to rest. 1

Antigone

English (Sir Richard Jebb2, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb2, 1904)) — 806-880 focus

Antigone

Citizens of my fatherland, see me setting out on my last journey, looking at my last sunlight,

and never again. No, Hades who lays all to rest leads me living to Acheron ’s shore, though I have not had my due portion of the chant that brings the bride, nor has any hymn been mine
810

for the crowning of marriage. Instead the lord of Acheron will be my groom.
815

817

Chorus

Then in glory and with praise you depart to that deep place of the dead, neither struck by wasting sickness,

nor having won the wages of the sword. No, guided by your own laws and still alive, unlike any mortal before, you will descend to Hades.
820

823

Antigone

I have heard with my own ears how our Phrygian guest, the daughter of Tantalus, perished

in so much suffering on steep Sipylus—how, like clinging ivy, the sprouting stone subdued her. And the rains, as men tell, do not leave her melting form, nor does the snow,
825

but beneath her weeping lids she dampens her collar. Most like hers is the god-sent fate that leads me to my rest.
830

834

Chorus

Yet she was a goddess, as you know, and the offspring of gods,

while we are mortals and mortal-born. Still it is a great thing for a woman who has died to have it said of her that she shared the lot of the godlike in her life, and afterwards, in death.
835

839

Antigone

Ah, you mock me! In the name of our fathers’ gods,

why do you not wait to abuse me until after I have gone, and not to my face, O my city, and you, her wealthy citizens? Ah, spring of Dirce, and you holy ground of Thebes whose chariots are many,
840

you, at least, will bear me witness how unwept by loved ones, and by what laws I go to the rock-closed prison of my unheard-of tomb! Ah, misery!
845

I have no home among men or with the shades, no home with the living or with the dead.
850

853

Chorus

You have rushed headlong to the far limits of daring, and against the high throne of Justice

you have fallen, my daughter, fallen heavily. But in this ordeal you are paying for some paternal crime.
855

858

Antigone

You have touched on my most bitter thought

and moved my ever-renewed pity for my father and for the entire doom ordained for us, the famed house of Labdacus. Oh, the horrors of our mother’s bed! Oh, the slumbers of the wretched mother at the side
860

of her own son, my own father! What manner of parents gave me my miserable being! It is to them that I go like this, accursed and unwed, to share their home.
865

Ah, my brother, the marriage you made was doomed, and by dying you killed me still alive!
870

872

Chorus

Your pious action shows a certain reverence, but an offence against power can no way be tolerated by him who has power in his keeping.

Your self-willed disposition is what has destroyed you.
875

876

Antigone

Unwept, unfriended, without marriage-song, I am led in misery on this journey that cannot be put off. No longer is it permitted me, unhappy girl,

to look up at this sacred eye of the burning sun. But for my fate no tear is shed, no friend moans in sorrow.
880

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-93-1 ἡνίκ’ Οἰδίπους ¹ κείνων ² κείνων παῖδας ³ ἡνίκ’ . . ὤρθου πόλιν ⁴ ἐπεὶ διώλετο ⁵ τοῦτο μέν . . τοῦτ’ αὖθις ⁶

mvp-comment-93-2 καί ⁷ καί ⁸

mvp-comment-93-3 ἐμπέδοις φρονήμασιν ⁹ ἐμπέδους ¹⁰ ἐμπέδοις ¹¹

mvp-comment-94-1 ὅτε ¹²

mvp-comment-94-2 πρὸς διπλῆς μ. ¹³ διπλῆς . . μίαν ¹⁴

mvp-comment-94-3 παίσαντες . . πληγέντες ¹⁵

mvp-comment-94-4 αὐτόχειρι … μιάσματι ¹⁶

mvp-comment-95-1 ἐγὼ . . δή ¹⁷

mvp-comment-95-2 κράτη ¹⁸

mvp-comment-95-3 γένους κατ’ ἀγχιστεῖα τῶν ὀλ. ¹⁹

mvp-comment-96-1 ἀμήχανον δέ ²⁰ δέ ²¹ δέ ²²

mvp-comment-96-2 Demosthenes, in his speech on the Embassy (343 B.C.), quotes this passage (vv. 175—190) as illustrating maxims

mvp-comment-96-3 which Aeschines had violated, though, accustomed as he had been to play tritagonists' parts, he ought to have known them by heart (or. 19 § 247).

mvp-comment-97-1 ψυχήν ²³ φρόνημα ²⁴ γνώμην ²⁵

mvp-comment-98-1 ἀρχαῖς ²⁶ νόμοισιν ²⁷

mvp-comment-98-2 ἐντριβής ²⁸

mvp-comment-98-3 φανῇ ²⁹

mvp-comment-99-1 ἐμοὶ γάρ ³⁰ γάρ ³¹ πᾶσαν … πόλιν ³²

mvp-comment-99-2 μὴ … ἅπτεται ³³ ὅστις μὴ ἅπτεται ³⁴

mvp-comment-99-3 ἐκ φ. του ³⁵

mvp-comment-99-4 ἐγκλῄσας ἔχει ³⁶

mvp-comment-99-5 νῦν τε καὶ πάλαι ³⁷

mvp-comment-100-1 μείζον’ ³⁸ ἀντὶ τῆς...πάτρας ³⁹ ἤ ⁴⁰ μεῖζον ⁴¹

mvp-comment-100-2 οὐδαμοῦ λέγω ⁴²

mvp-comment-101-1 ἐγὼ γάρ ⁴³ γάρ ⁴⁴ τοῦτο γιγνώσκων ⁴⁵ ἴστω ⁴⁶

mvp-comment-102-1 οὔτ’ ἂν σιωπήσαιμι ⁴⁷

mvp-comment-103-1 στείχουσαν ἀστοῖς ⁴⁸ ὁμοῦ ⁴⁹

mvp-comment-103-2 ἀντὶ τῆς σωτηρίας ⁵⁰ τῆς ⁵¹

mvp-comment-104-1 ἄνδρα δυσμενῆ χθονός ⁵²

mvp-comment-104-2 ἐμαυτῷ ⁵³ φίλον ⁵⁴ θείμην ⁵⁵

mvp-comment-105-1 ἡ σῴζουσα ⁵⁶

mvp-comment-105-2 ταύτης ⁵⁷ ὀρθῆς ⁵⁸

mvp-comment-105-3 τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα ⁵⁹

mvp-comment-105-4

εὐτυχούσῃ πολλῷ μᾶλλον διασῴζεται

. ‘Pericles Thucydidis 11. 60 Sophoclem videtur respexisse, vel eum Sophocles,’ is Dobree's remark ( Adv. 2. 37 ); but there is no adequate ground for such a view. The verbal coincidence of

ὀρθῆς

with

ὀρθουμένην

may well have been accidental. What is really common to poet and historian is the general sentiment of Periclean Athens. For another example of this, cp. O. C. 116 n.

mvp-comment-106-1 νόμοισι ⁶⁰

mvp-comment-106-2 αὔξω ⁶¹

mvp-comment-107-1 ἀδελφὰ τῶνδε ⁶²

mvp-comment-107-2 τῶν ἀπ’ Οἰδίπου ⁶³

mvp-comment-108-1 δορί ⁶⁴ δόρει ⁶⁵

mvp-comment-109-1 τὰ πάντ’ ἐφαγνίσαι ⁶⁶ ἐπί ⁶⁷ ἐφαγνίσαι ⁶⁸ ἀφαγνίσαι ⁶⁹ ἀπό ⁷⁰

mvp-comment-110-1 τοῖς ἀρίστοις ⁷¹

mvp-comment-110-2 ἔρχεται κάτω ⁷²

mvp-comment-111-1 L has Πολυνείκην ⁷³

mvp-comment-111-2 λέγω ⁷⁴

mvp-comment-112-1 γτ=ν πατρῴαν . . καὶ θεοὺς . . πρῆσαι ⁷⁵

mvp-comment-112-2 θ. τοὺς ἐγγενεῖς ⁷⁶

mvp-comment-112-3 κατελθών ⁷⁷

mvp-comment-112-4 γ)θέλησε μέν … ἠθέλ. δέ ⁷⁸ ἠθέλησε μὲν ⁷⁹

mvp-comment-112-5 πρῆσαι ⁸⁰

mvp-comment-112-6 κατ’ ἄκρας ⁸¹

mvp-comment-112-7 αἵματος κ. πάσασθαι ⁸²

mvp-comment-112-8 τοὺς δὲ … ἄγειν ⁸³

mvp-comment-113-1 The traditional ἐκκεκηρῦχθαι τάφῳ ⁸⁴ ἐκκεκήρυκται τάφῳ ⁸⁵ ἐκκεκηρῦχθαι λέγω ⁸⁶ τάφῳ ⁸⁷ κτερίζειν ⁸⁸ τάφῳ ⁸⁹ κτερίζειν ⁹⁰ μήτε ⁹¹ κωκῦσαι ⁹² τάφῳ ⁹³ λέγω ⁹⁴ τάφῳ ⁹⁵ ἐκκεκ ⁹⁶

mvp-comment-114-1 ἐᾶν δ ⁹⁷ ἄθαπτον, αἰκισθέντ’ ἰδεῖν ⁹⁸ δέμας καὶ πρὸς οἰωνῶν καὶ πρὸς κυνῶν ἐδεστόν ⁹⁹ αἰκισθέντ ¹⁰⁰ αἰκισθέντ ¹⁰¹ ἐδεστόν ¹⁰² αἰκισθέν τ’, δέμας ¹⁰³

mvp-comment-114-2 δέμας ¹⁰⁴

mvp-comment-114-3 ἰδεῖν ¹⁰⁵

mvp-comment-115-1 φρόνημα ¹⁰⁶

mvp-comment-115-2 ἔκ γ’ ἐμοῦ ¹⁰⁷

mvp-comment-116-1 The MSS. have τιμὴν προέξουσ’ ..τῶν ἐνδ. ¹⁰⁸ τιμήν ¹⁰⁹ τιμῆ ¹¹⁰ προσέξους ¹¹¹

mvp-comment-117-1 τιμήσεται ¹¹²

mvp-comment-118-1 I print Dindorf's κἀς ¹¹³ καὶ ¹¹⁴ σοὶ ταῦτ’ ἀρέσκει ¹¹⁵ Κρέον ¹¹⁶ ταὔτ ¹¹⁷ ταῦτ’ ¹¹⁸

mvp-comment-119-1 In παντί πού γ’ ¹¹⁹ σοί γ’ … που ¹²⁰ ἔνεστι ¹²¹ χὡπόσοι ζῶμεν ¹²² πέρι ¹²³

mvp-comment-120-1 ὡς ἂν … ἦτε ¹²⁴ πῶς ἂν … εἶτε ¹²⁵

mvp-comment-120-2 σκοποί ¹²⁶

mvp-comment-120-3 νυν ¹²⁷ νῦν ¹²⁸

mvp-comment-120-4 τῶν εἰρ ¹²⁹

mvp-comment-121-1 πρόθες τοῦτο ¹³⁰ βαστάζειν ¹³¹

mvp-comment-121-2 τοῦ νεκροῦ γ’ ¹³²

mvp-comment-122-1 τί δῆτ’ ἂν … ἐπεντέλλοις ¹³³

mvp-comment-122-2 The reading ἄλλῳ ¹³⁴ τοῦτο ¹³⁵

mvp-comment-122-3 ἐπιχωρεῖν ¹³⁶

mvp-comment-122-4 ἀπιστοῦσιν ¹³⁷

mvp-comment-122-5 τάδε, ¹³⁸

mvp-comment-123-1 ὃς ¹³⁹ ἐρᾷ ¹⁴⁰

mvp-comment-123-2 καὶ μὴν ¹⁴¹ γε ¹⁴² μισθός ¹⁴³

mvp-comment-123-3 requital of disobedience is that.’ For

καὶ μήν

so used, cp. O. T. 836 , 1004 f., El. 556 .

mvp-comment-123-4 τὸ κέρδος ¹⁴⁴

mvp-comment-123-5 διώλεσεν ¹⁴⁵

mvp-comment-124-1 ἐρῶ μὲν οὐχ ¹⁴⁶

mvp-comment-124-2 ὅπως ¹⁴⁷

mvp-comment-124-3 τάχους ὕπο ¹⁴⁸ τάχους ¹⁴⁹

mvp-comment-125-1 ἐξάρας ¹⁵⁰

mvp-comment-125-2 φροντίδων ¹⁵¹ ἐπιστάσεις ¹⁵²

mvp-comment-125-3 ὁδοῖς ¹⁵³

mvp-comment-125-4 κυκλῶν ¹⁵⁴

mvp-comment-126-1 ψυχὴ γὰρ ηὔδα ¹⁵⁵ πολλὰ ¹⁵⁶ μυθουμένη ¹⁵⁷

mvp-comment-127-1 τάλας … τλήμων ¹⁵⁸

mvp-comment-127-2 μένεις ¹⁵⁹ μενεῖς ¹⁶⁰ αὖ ¹⁶¹

mvp-comment-127-3 πῶς … οὐκ ¹⁶²

mvp-comment-127-4 ἀλγυνεῖ ¹⁶³

mvp-comment-128-1 ἑλίσσων ¹⁶⁴

mvp-comment-128-2 ἤνυτον ¹⁶⁵

mvp-comment-128-3 σχολῇ βραδύς ¹⁶⁶

mvp-comment-129-1 τέλος γε μέντοι ¹⁶⁷

mvp-comment-129-2 ἐνίκησεν ¹⁶⁸

mvp-comment-129-3

ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν πόλιν

. That

μολεῖν

should not be regarded as the subject to

ἐνίκησε

, is shown by such an example as Her. 8.9

ἐνίκα τὴν ἡμέρην ἐκείνην αὐτοῦ μείναντάς τε καὶ αὐλισθέντας μετέπειτα νύκτα μέσην παρέντας πορεύεσθαι

, where the length of the interval excludes such a view. The personal constr. occurs below, 274; cp. Thuc. 2.12

ἦν...Περικλέους γνώμη...νενικηκυῖα

mvp-comment-130-1 σοί ¹⁶⁹ μολεῖν ¹⁷⁰ σοί ¹⁷¹ φράσων ¹⁷² φράσω δ ¹⁷³ κεἰ ¹⁷⁴ κεἴ σοι ¹⁷⁵ σοί. ¹⁷⁶

mvp-comment-130-2 τὸ μηδέν ¹⁷⁷

mvp-comment-131-1 τῆς ἐλπίδος ¹⁷⁸

mvp-comment-131-2 δεδραγμένος ¹⁷⁹ πεφραγμένος ¹⁸⁰ πεπραγμένος ¹⁸¹

mvp-comment-131-3 τὸ μὴ παθεῖν ἄν ¹⁸²

mvp-comment-131-4

πάθοιμι ἄν

, depending on

ἐλπίδος...δεδρ

. as=

ἐλπίζων

: for the art. with infin., cp. 78 n.

mvp-comment-131-5 τὸ μόρσιμον ¹⁸³

mvp-comment-132-1 ἀνθ’ οὗ ¹⁸⁴

mvp-comment-132-2 τὸ γὰρ | πρᾶγμ’ ¹⁸⁵ γάρ ¹⁸⁶

mvp-comment-133-1 εὖ γε στοχάζει ¹⁸⁷ στοχάζει ¹⁸⁸ ἀποφράγνυσαι ¹⁸⁹ στοχάζομαι ¹⁹⁰

mvp-comment-133-2 κἀποφράγνυσαι ¹⁹¹

mvp-comment-133-3 τὸ πρᾶγμα ¹⁹²

mvp-comment-134-1 δηλοῖς δ’ ὥς τι ς. ¹⁹³

mvp-comment-135-1 τὰ δεινά ¹⁹⁴ γάρ ¹⁹⁵

mvp-comment-135-2 ποτ ¹⁹⁶

mvp-comment-135-3 ἀπαλλαχθείς ¹⁹⁷

mvp-comment-136-1 καὶ δή ¹⁹⁸

mvp-comment-136-2 θάψας ¹⁹⁹ κἀπί ²⁰⁰

mvp-comment-136-3 διψίαν ²⁰¹

mvp-comment-136-4 κἀφαγιστεύσας ²⁰² ἃ χρή ²⁰³

mvp-comment-137-1 ἀνδρῶν ²⁰⁴

mvp-comment-137-2 οὔτε του γενῇδος … οὐ δικέλλης ²⁰⁵ οὔτε … οὐ ²⁰⁶ γενῄς ²⁰⁷ γενῄς ²⁰⁸ δίκελλα ²⁰⁹

mvp-comment-137-3 δικ. ἐκβολή ²¹⁰ ἐκβ. ²¹¹ στύφλος ²¹² χέρσος ²¹³ ἀρρώξ ²¹⁴

mvp-comment-137-4 ἐπημαξευμένη ²¹⁵ ἐπ‐ ²¹⁶ ἐφ‐ ²¹⁷

mvp-comment-137-5 ἀλλ’ ὁ ἐργάτης ἄσημός τις ἦν ²¹⁸

mvp-comment-138-1 It is still the early morning of the day on which the drama opens. The Argives having fled in the night, Creon had published his edict shortly before dawn. Antigone had done her deed in the short interval between the publication of the edict and the beginning of the watch over the corpse. ὁ πρῶτος ἡμεροσκόπος ²¹⁹ ἡμεροσκ. ²²⁰

mvp-comment-138-2 δείκνυσι … παρῆν ²²¹

mvp-comment-138-3 δυσχερές ²²²

mvp-comment-139-1 ὁ μὲν ²²³

mvp-comment-139-2 τυμβήρης μὲν οὔ ²²⁴ τυμβ. ²²⁵ λεπτὴ δ’ … ἐπῆν ²²⁶

mvp-comment-139-3 ἄγος φεύγοντος ὥς ²²⁷ ἄγος ²²⁸

mvp-comment-140-1 θηρός ²²⁹

mvp-comment-140-2 του ²³⁰ θηρός ²³¹

mvp-comment-140-3 οὐ σπάσαντος ²³² οὐ ²³³ σπάσαντος ²³⁴ σπάσαντος οὐδ’ ἐλθόντος ²³⁵

mvp-comment-141-1 λόγοι δ’ … φύλακα ²³⁶ λόγοι κακοὶ ἐρρόθουν ²³⁷ ἐρρόθουν ²³⁸

mvp-comment-141-2

γλώσσης ῥόθος

, of an unintelligible jargon.

mvp-comment-141-3 ἐλέγχων ²³⁹

mvp-comment-141-4 κἂν ἐγίγνετο ²⁴⁰

mvp-comment-141-5 τελευτῶς ²⁴¹

mvp-comment-141-6 ὁ κωλύσων ²⁴²

mvp-comment-142-1 ἦν … οὑξειργ. ²⁴³

mvp-comment-142-2 ἐναργής ²⁴⁴

mvp-comment-142-3 ἀλλ’ ²⁴⁵

mvp-comment-142-4 ἕφευγε μὴ εἰδέναι ²⁴⁶

mvp-comment-142-5 μὴ ²⁴⁷ εἰδέναι ²⁴⁸

mvp-comment-143-1 μύδρους ²⁴⁹

mvp-comment-143-2 a red-hot mass of metal, and that the custom was symbolical of an older use of the

μύδρος

in ordeals by fire. This would explain how the Alexandrian poets of the 3rd cent. B.C. (Lycophron, Callimachus) came to use the word

μύδρος

, in defiance of its etymology, as simply ‘a lump’ (or even ‘a stone’). They supposed that the

μύδροι

had been cold masses.

mvp-comment-144-1 πῦρ διέρπειν ²⁵⁰

mvp-comment-144-2 θεοὺς ὁρκ. ²⁵²

mvp-comment-144-3 τὸ μήτε δρ ²⁵³

mvp-comment-144-4 μήτ’ είργασμένῳ ²⁵⁴ μηδ ²⁵⁵

mvp-comment-145-1 πλέον ²⁵⁶

mvp-comment-145-2 λέγει ²⁵⁷

mvp-comment-145-3 τις εἷς ²⁵⁸

mvp-comment-146-1 προὔτρεψεν ²⁵⁹

mvp-comment-146-2 οὐ γὰρ εἴχομεν ²⁶⁰

mvp-comment-146-3 As ἀντιφωνεῖν ²⁶¹ δρῶντες ²⁶² ὅπως δρῶντες ²⁶³ εἴχομεν ²⁶⁴

mvp-comment-147-1 σοί ²⁶⁵

mvp-comment-147-2 ταῦτ’ ἐνίκα ²⁶⁶

mvp-comment-147-3 πάλος ²⁶⁷ καθαιρεῖ ²⁶⁸

mvp-comment-147-4 τἀγαθόν ²⁶⁹ —ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν ²⁷⁰

mvp-comment-148-1 ἐμοί ²⁷¹ βουλεύει ²⁷² μή ²⁷³

mvp-comment-148-2 τι ²⁷⁴

mvp-comment-148-3 θεήλατον, ²⁷⁵

mvp-comment-148-4 ἡ ξύννοια ²⁷⁶

mvp-comment-148-5 πάλαι ²⁷⁷

mvp-comment-149-1 πρὶν ὀργῆς καί με μεστῶσαι ²⁷⁸ καί ²⁷⁹ πρίν ²⁸⁰ μεστῶσαι ²⁸¹ καί ²⁸² με ²⁸³

mvp-comment-149-2 κἀμέ ²⁸⁴

mvp-comment-149-3 μεστῶσαι ²⁸⁵

mvp-comment-150-1 πότερον ²⁸⁶ ἔκρυπτον ²⁸⁷

mvp-comment-150-2 ἀμφικίονας ναούς ²⁸⁸

mvp-comment-150-3 κἀναθήματα ²⁸⁹

mvp-comment-150-4 Her. 1.50 ; Thuc. 6.46 ; Isae. or. 7 § 41.) The wealth of Delphi in

ἀναθήματα

is already proverbial in Il. 9.404 ; at Thebes the

Ἰσμήνιον

( O. T. 21 ) also seems to have been rich in them. After

ἀνάθημα

the gen. denotes either

ὁ ἀναθείς

(as more oft.), or, as here, the divine owner.

mvp-comment-150-5 γῆν ἐκείνων ²⁹⁰ πυρώσων ²⁹¹

mvp-comment-150-6 νόμους διασκεδῶν ²⁹²

mvp-comment-150-7 διασκεδῶν ²⁹³

mvp-comment-151-1 τοὺς κακοὺς τιμῶντας … θεούς; ²⁹⁴

mvp-comment-152-1 ταῦτα ²⁹⁵ μόλις φέροντες ²⁹⁶ καὶ πάλαι ²⁹⁷

mvp-comment-152-2 πόλεως ἄνδρες ²⁹⁸

mvp-comment-152-3 ἐρρόθουν ²⁹⁹

mvp-comment-152-4 ἐμοί ³⁰⁰

mvp-comment-152-5 κάρα σείοντες ³⁰¹

mvp-comment-152-6 ὑπὸ ζυγῷ ³⁰²

mvp-comment-152-7 λόφον ³⁰³

mvp-comment-152-8 δικαίως ³⁰⁴

mvp-comment-152-9 equal poise’ ( New Crat. 371).—

ὡς = ὥστε

( O. T. 84 ): στέργειν ³⁰⁵

mvp-comment-153-1 τῶνδε ³⁰⁶ ἐκ ³⁰⁷

mvp-comment-153-2 τούτους, ³⁰⁸

mvp-comment-153-3 εἰργάσθαι ³⁰⁹ ἐξεπίσταμαι ³¹⁰ παρηγμένους ³¹¹

mvp-comment-154-1 νόμισμ’ ³¹²

mvp-comment-154-2 ἔβλαστε ³¹³

mvp-comment-154-3 πορθεῖ ³¹⁴

mvp-comment-154-4 τόδ’ ³¹⁵ ἄνδρας ³¹⁶

mvp-comment-155-1 τόδ’ ἐκδ. καὶ παραλλάσσει ³¹⁷ ἵστασθαι ³¹⁸ καὶ παραλλάσσει ³¹⁹

mvp-comment-155-2 ἵστασθαι πρός τι ³²⁰

mvp-comment-156-1 πανουργίας … ἔχειν ³²¹

mvp-comment-156-2 εἰδέναι ³²² παντὸς ἔργου δυσσέβ. ³²³ παντὸς ἔργ ³²⁴ πανουργίας ³²⁵

mvp-comment-157-1 ἤνυσαν ³²⁶

mvp-comment-157-2 χρόνῳ ποτέ ³²⁷ δοῦναι δίκην ³²⁸

mvp-comment-157-3 ἐξέπραξαν ὡς ³²⁹

mvp-comment-158-1 Ζεύς ³³⁰

mvp-comment-158-2 ὅρκιος ³³¹

mvp-comment-158-3 τὸν αὐτόχειρα ³³² τάφου = ταφῆς ³³³

mvp-comment-159-1 μοῦνος ³³⁴ πρὶν ἂν . . δηλώσητε ³³⁵ κρεμαστοί ³³⁶ ζῶντες κρεμαστοί ³³⁷

mvp-comment-159-2 δηλώσηθ’ ³³⁸

mvp-comment-159-3 ὕβριν ³³⁹

mvp-comment-160-1 ἵν’ … ἁρπάζητε ³⁴⁰

mvp-comment-160-2 τὸ κέρδος ³⁴¹ ἔνθεν οἰστέον ³⁴²

mvp-comment-160-3 μάθηθ’ ³⁴³

mvp-comment-160-4 ἐξ ἅπαντος ³⁴⁴ τὸ κερδαίνειν ³⁴⁵

mvp-comment-160-5

πιεῖν

. In O. C. 807

ἑξ ἅπαντος εὖ λέγει

=speaks well on any theme (starting from anything).

mvp-comment-161-1 τι ³⁴⁶

mvp-comment-161-2 δέ ³⁴⁷ δώσεις ³⁴⁸

mvp-comment-161-3 οὕτως ³⁴⁹

mvp-comment-161-4 ἴω ³⁵⁰

mvp-comment-161-5 καὶ νῦν ὡς ³⁵¹ ἀνιαρῶς ³⁵² ι— ³⁵³

mvp-comment-162-1 ἐν ³⁵⁴ ὠσίν ³⁵⁵

mvp-comment-162-2 ἐπί ³⁵⁶

mvp-comment-163-1 τί δὲ ³⁵⁷ τί δαὶ ³⁵⁸

mvp-comment-163-2 ῥυθμίζεις ³⁵⁹ ὅπου ³⁶⁰ ὅπου ³⁶¹

mvp-comment-164-1 τὰς φρένας...τὰ δ’ ὦτ’ ³⁶² σε ³⁶³

mvp-comment-164-2 οἴμ’ ὡς ³⁶⁴

mvp-comment-164-3 λάλημα ³⁶⁵ ἄλημα ³⁶⁶ ἄλημα ³⁶⁷

mvp-comment-164-4 δῆλον, ³⁶⁸

mvp-comment-165-1 ‘At any rate (

οὖν

—babbler or not) I certainly have not done this deed.’ εἰμί ³⁶⁹ οὔκουν … γε ³⁷⁰

mvp-comment-166-1 ‘Yes, (you have done it,) and that, too, at the cost of betraying,’ etc. The particle γε ³⁷¹ καὶ ταῦτα ³⁷² προδούς ³⁷³

mvp-comment-167-1 ἦ δεινόν ³⁷⁴ καὶ ³⁷⁵ γε ³⁷⁶

mvp-comment-168-1 κόμψευε . . τὴν δόξαν ³⁷⁷

mvp-comment-168-2 τὴν δόξαν ³⁷⁸

mvp-comment-168-3

κληδόν’

(the

κληδών

of which you speak), not merely, ‘the word

δόξα

.’ If the v. l.

τὸ δόξαν

(see cr. n.) was intended to mean the latter, it should have been

τὸ δόξα.

mvp-comment-168-4 νυν ³⁷⁹ νῦν ³⁸⁰ ταῦτα … τοὺς δρῶντας = τοὺς ταῦτα δρῶντας ³⁸¹

mvp-comment-169-1 δειλά ³⁸²

mvp-comment-169-2 δεινά ³⁸³ ν ³⁸⁴

mvp-comment-170-1 ἀλλ’ ³⁸⁵ εὑρεθείη ³⁸⁶ καὶ ³⁸⁷

mvp-comment-171-1 καὶ ³⁸⁸ γάρ ³⁸⁹

mvp-comment-171-2 γνώμης ³⁹⁰

mvp-comment-173-1 πολλὰ … κοὐδέν ³⁹¹

mvp-comment-173-2 καί ³⁹²

mvp-comment-173-3 τὰ δεινά ³⁹³

mvp-comment-174-1 τοῦτο ³⁹⁴ πέραν ³⁹⁵ πέρα ³⁹⁶

mvp-comment-175-1 χειμερίῳ νότῳ ³⁹⁷

mvp-comment-176-1 περιβρ … ὑπ’ οἴδμασιν ³⁹⁸

mvp-comment-177-1 ὑπερτάταν ³⁹⁹

mvp-comment-178-1 ἀκαμάταν ⁴⁰⁰

mvp-comment-178-2 ἀποτρύεται ⁴⁰¹

mvp-comment-179-1 ἰλλομένων ἀρότρων, ⁴⁰² ἀρότων ⁴⁰³

mvp-comment-179-2 ἔτος εἰς ἔτος ⁴⁰⁴ εἰς ⁴⁰⁵

mvp-comment-180-1 ἱππείῳ γένει ⁴⁰⁶

mvp-comment-180-2 πολεύων ⁴⁰⁷ τοῦτο ⁴⁰⁸

mvp-comment-181-1 Man's conquests over the animal world are here taken in two groups. First, those of which the primary aim is to kill or to capture. Here the means is netting (

ἀμφιβαλὼν σπείραισι δικτυοκλώστοις

), in its threefold sporting use, as applied to fowling (

ὀρνίθων

), hunting (

θηρῶν

), and fishing (

πόντου φύσιν

). Secondly, those conquests which aim at reducing wild animals to man's service. These are effected by

μηχαναί

(349),— arts of taming and training. And their result is aptly expressed by the word

mvp-comment-181-2

κρατεῖ

: here, man is not merely the slayer or captor; he becomes the master of docile toilers. The horse and the bull are types.

mvp-comment-181-3 Thus, in this ode, the scale of achievement ever ascends: man (1) conquers inanimate nature: (2) makes animals his captives: (3) trains them to be his servants: (4) develops his own social and intellectual life.

mvp-comment-181-4 κουφονόων ⁴⁰⁹

mvp-comment-181-5 ἀμφιβαλὼν ⁴¹⁰

mvp-comment-182-1 πόντου … εἰναλίαν φύσιν ⁴¹¹

mvp-comment-183-1 περιφραδής ⁴¹²

mvp-comment-184-1 μηχαναῖς ⁴¹³ ἀγραύλου ⁴¹⁴ ὀρεσσιβάτα ⁴¹⁵

mvp-comment-185-1 λασιαύχενά θ’ ⁴¹⁶

mvp-comment-186-1 ὀχμάζεται ⁴¹⁷ ἀμφὶ λόφον ζυγῶν ⁴¹⁸

mvp-comment-186-2 Rhod. 1. 743

κυρίως ἐστὶν ὀχμάσαι τὸ ἵππον ὑπὸ χαλινὸν ἀγαγεῖν ἢ ὑπὸ ζυγόν

. The midd. voice does not occur elsewhere; but this cannot be regarded as an objection, when we remember how many rare middle forms occur in the dramatists. Thus

προσορωμένα

in O. C. 244 is a solitary example of that verb in the midd., and if the license could be taken with so common a word, much more might it be allowed with a comparatively rare one. Blaydes writes

ὀχμάζει ὑπ’ ἀμφίλοφον ζυγόν

: but the Ms.

ἕξεται

indicates that the verb, whatever it was, was of the midd. form.

ὀχμάζεται

was published by G. Schöne in 1833, and by Franz in 1846: they appear to have made the conjecture independently. Donaldson (1848) printed

ὁχμάζεται ἀμφὶ λόφον ζυγῶν

, and seems to ascribe

ζυγῶν

to Franz and Schöne; though Franz, at least, proposed

ἀμφὶ λόφον ζυγῷ. ζυγῶν

has been revived (seemingly without knowledge of a predecessor) by H. Schütz (1886). Sophocles would write

ΑΜΦΙΛΟΦΟΝΖΥΓΟΝ

, and thus

ζυγῶν

changes no letter. Aesch. used the fut.

ζυγώσω

(fr. 110), and Soph. has the verbal

ζυγωτῶν

( El. 702 ). To

ἀμφιλόφῳ ζυγῷ

it may be objected that, being clear, it was not likely to become -

ον ‐όν

: but, when

ἀμφίλοφον

had once been written,

ζυγῶν

(or

ζυγῷ

) would easily become

ζυγόν

. As to the schol. on

ἀμφίλοφον,—ἀντὶ τοῦ, περιβαλὼν αὐτῷ ζυγὸν περὶ τὸν λόφον, ὑπάγει

,—it cannot fairly be urged for

ζυγῶν

(or for any partic.), since it may be merely a paraphrase of

ἀμφίλοφον

.—Schütz's ἐφέζεται ⁴¹⁹

mvp-comment-187-1 φθέγμα ⁴²⁰

mvp-comment-187-2 beginnings of speech...Speech is the development, through imitation, of a capacity of man—the capacity of making a noise.’ This is quite compatible with

ἐδιδάξατο.

mvp-comment-187-3 ἀνεμόεν φρόνημα ⁴²¹

mvp-comment-188-1 ἀστυνόμους ὀργάς ⁴²²

mvp-comment-189-1 ἐδιδάξατο ⁴²³

mvp-comment-190-1 πάγων ⁴²⁴

mvp-comment-190-2 ἐναίθρεια ⁴²⁵

mvp-comment-190-3 βέλη ⁴²⁷

mvp-comment-191-1 παντοπόρος ⁴²⁸

mvp-comment-191-2

οὐδὲν … τὸ μέλλον = οὐδὲν ὃ μέλλει

(

ἔσεσθαι

), nothing that is to be (cp. the absolute

τὸ μέλλον, τὰ μέλλοντα

). So Plat. Lach. 197 A

ἔγωγε ἀνδρεῖα καλῶ οὔτε θηρία οὔτε ἄλλο οὐδὲν τὸ τὰ δεινὰ ὑπὸ ἀγνοίας μὴ φοβούμενον = οὐδὲν ὃ μὴ φοβεῖται

. This negative form is as correct as (though actually rarer than) the positive

πᾶν τὸ καλῶς ἔχον

( Plat. Rep. 381A ) for

πᾶν ὃ καλῶς ἔχει

. Donaldson took

τὸ μέλλον

adverbially: ‘in regard to the future, he comes to nothing without resources.’ Cp. 728 ,

μηδὲν τὸ μὴ δίκαιον

, where

μηδέν

is subst., not adv.

mvp-comment-192-1 μόνον ⁴²⁹ μόνου ⁴³⁰ φεῦξιν — ἐπάξεται ⁴³¹

mvp-comment-193-1 ἀμηχάνων ⁴³²

mvp-comment-193-2 φυγάς ⁴³³

mvp-comment-193-3 ξυμπέφρασται ⁴³⁴

mvp-comment-194-1 The ode closes with a more direct reference to the incident which suggested its theme. The daring ingenuity shown by the unknown breaker of Creon's edict is an instance of the subtlety which leads to ruin. The implied contrast with Creon—

ὑψίπολις

by his care for the laws—is effective in view of the destined

περιπέτεια

mvp-comment-194-2 σοφόν τι … ἔχων ⁴³⁵

mvp-comment-194-3 τὸ μηχανόεν τ ⁴³⁶

mvp-comment-195-1 τοτὲ μὲν … ἄλλοτ’ ⁴³⁷

mvp-comment-195-2 ἐπ’ ⁴³⁸

mvp-comment-196-1 γεραίρων ⁴³⁹

mvp-comment-196-2 5. 67

ἐτίμων τὸν Ἄδρηστον καὶ δὴ πρὸς τὰ πάθεα αὐτοῦ τραγικοῖσι χοροῖσι ἐγέραιρον

. Ar. Th. 960

γένος Ὀλυμπίων θεῶν | μέλπε καὶ γέραιρε φωνῇ

mvp-comment-197-1 θεῶν τ’ ἔνορκον δίκαν ⁴⁴⁰

mvp-comment-198-1 ὑψίπολις ⁴⁴¹

mvp-comment-198-2 ἄπολις ⁴⁴²

mvp-comment-198-3 τὸ μὴ καλόν ⁴⁴³ τόλμας χάριν ⁴⁴⁴

mvp-comment-199-1 παρέστιος ⁴⁴⁵

mvp-comment-199-2 ἴσον φρονῶν ⁴⁴⁶

mvp-comment-200-1 ἔρδει ⁴⁴⁷ ἔρδοι ⁴⁴⁸

mvp-comment-202-1 The choral ode has closed with an allusion to the unknown man ( ὅς ⁴⁴⁹ ἀμφινοῶ ⁴⁵⁰ ἐς ⁴⁵¹

mvp-comment-202-2 δαιμόνιον τέρας ⁴⁵²

mvp-comment-203-1 πῶς εἰδὼς ⁴⁵³

mvp-comment-203-2 ἀντιλογήσω ⁴⁵⁴

mvp-comment-204-1 ὦ δύστηνος ⁴⁵⁵

mvp-comment-204-2 δ. πατρός ⁴⁵⁶

mvp-comment-204-3 Οἰδιπόδα— ⁴⁵⁷

mvp-comment-205-1 τί ποτ’ ⁴⁵⁸

mvp-comment-205-2 οὐ δή που ⁴⁵⁹

mvp-comment-205-3 ἀπιστοῦσαν ⁴⁶⁰

mvp-comment-205-4 ἄγουσι ⁴⁶¹

mvp-comment-205-5 colloquialism, it would be nearly as bad as, ‘Have they taken you up?’

mvp-comment-205-6 καὶ ⁴⁶² ἀπιστοῦσαν ⁴⁶³ καθελόντες ⁴⁶⁴

mvp-comment-206-1 Second

ἐπεισόδιον

. Antigone, brought before Creon, avows and justifies her deed. Creon declares that she shall die. Ismene, when led in (531), associates herself with the act, but is not permitted by her sister to claim any part in it. Creon orders that both sisters shall be kept prisoners.

mvp-comment-206-2 ἐκείνη ⁴⁶⁵

mvp-comment-206-3 τοὔργον ἡ ’ξειργ ⁴⁶⁶

mvp-comment-207-1 ἐς δέον ⁴⁶⁷

mvp-comment-208-1 ξύμμετρος ⁴⁶⁸

mvp-comment-209-1 ἀπώμοτον ⁴⁶⁹

mvp-comment-210-1 ψεύδει ⁴⁷⁰

mvp-comment-210-2 ἡ ’πίνοια ⁴⁷¹

mvp-comment-211-1 ἐξηύχουν ἄν ⁴⁷² σχολῇ ἥξειν ποτὲ δεῦρο ⁴⁷³

mvp-comment-211-2 σχολῇ ⁴⁷⁴

mvp-comment-212-1 ταῖς σαῖς ἀπειλαῖς ⁴⁷⁵

mvp-comment-212-2 ἐχειμάσθην ⁴⁷⁶

mvp-comment-213-1 ἡ...ἐκτὸς ⁴⁷⁷ ἐκτός ⁴⁷⁸

mvp-comment-214-1 οὐδὲν ἔοικε μῆκος ⁴⁷⁹ α+λλῃ ἡδονῇ ⁴⁸⁰ οὐδέν ⁴⁸¹ μῆκος ⁴⁸² ἔοικε ⁴⁸³

mvp-comment-215-1 δῑ ὅρκων … ἀπώμοτος ⁴⁸⁴

mvp-comment-216-1 καθῃρέθη ⁴⁸⁵

mvp-comment-216-2 τάφον κοσμοῦσα ⁴⁸⁶

mvp-comment-216-3 ἐπάλλετο ⁴⁸⁷ ἕρμαιον ⁴⁸⁸

mvp-comment-217-1 κρῖνε ⁴⁸⁹

mvp-comment-217-2 δίκαιός εἰμι ⁴⁹⁰

mvp-comment-217-3 ἀπηλλάχθαι ⁴⁹¹

mvp-comment-218-1 Observe the order of the words as marking his amazement. For the double interrog. cp. Il. 21.150

τίς πόθεν ει<*>=ς ἀνδρῶν

; Ph. 243

τίνι | στόλῳ προσέσχες τήνδε γῆν, πόθεν πλέων;

mvp-comment-218-2 πάντ’ ἐπίστασαι ⁴⁹²

mvp-comment-219-1 ἦ καὶ ⁴⁹³

mvp-comment-219-2 ὀρθῶς ⁴⁹⁴

mvp-comment-219-3 mean to say? (Not, merely, ‘truly,’ i.e. in accordance with the fact: cp. 99 n.)

mvp-comment-220-1 τὸν νεκρόν ⁴⁹⁵

mvp-comment-221-1 ἆρ’ ἔνδηλα ⁴⁹⁶

mvp-comment-222-1 ὁρᾶται...ᾑρέθη ⁴⁹⁷

mvp-comment-222-2 ἐπίληπτος ⁴⁹⁸

mvp-comment-223-1 ἥκομεν ⁵⁰⁰

mvp-comment-224-1 τὰ δείν’ ἐκεῖν’ ⁵⁰¹

mvp-comment-224-2 τὸν | νέκυν ⁵⁰²

mvp-comment-225-1 καθήμεθ’ ⁵⁰³

mvp-comment-225-2 ἄκρων ἐκ πάγων ⁵⁰⁴

mvp-comment-225-3

ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο ἀπὸ ῥίου

. Here,

ἀπὸ ῥίου

goes with

εἰσεῖδε

: but

ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο

, however much

εἰσεῖδε

may have influenced it, at least cannot be disjoined from

στᾶσ’

. (2) Eur. Phoen. 1009

ἀλλ’ εἶμι καὶ στὰς ἐξ ἐπάλξεων ἄκρων | σφάξας ἐμαυτὸν σηκὸν εἰς μελαμβαθῆ | δράκοντος, ἔνθ’ ὁ μάντις ἐξηγήσατο, | ἐλευθερώσω γαῖαν

. It is impossible to sever

στάς

from

ἐξ ἐπ.

, even if we partly explain

ἐξ

σφάξας

. (3) ib. 1224

Ἐτεοκλέης δ’ ὑπῆρξ’ ἀπ’ ὀρθίου σταθεὶς | πύργου κελεύσας σῖγα κηρῦξαι στρατῷ

. The position of

σταθείς

forbids us to sever it from

ἀπ’ ὀρθ. π.

, even though

ὑπῆρξε

κελεύσας

is used to explain

ἀπό

. (4) Eur. Tro. 522

ἀνὰ δ’ ἐβόασεν λεὼς | Τρῳάδος ἀπὸ πέτρας σταθείς

. A similar case. In all these passages, a picture is presented, and we have to glance from a remoter to a nearer object. The mental eye is required to measure the space between Hera on the peak of Olympus, and Poseidon on the plain of Troy; between Megareus on the walls of Thebes, and the cavern into which his corpse is to fall. And, in each case,

ἐκ

ἀπό

denotes the quarter in which the remoter object is to be looked for. This, which might be called the ‘surveying’ use, is distinct from that in which the prep. has a pregnant force, as being directly suggestive of motion (

οἱ ἐκ Σικελίας ἥξουσι

); but it springs from the same mental tendency,—viz., to take a rapid glance over the dividing interval. Cp.

ἵστασθαι πρός τινος

(‘on his side’). So here: in the foreground of the picture is the corpse, which they have just laid bare. Now look to the hillocks behind it; in that quarter you will see the guards at their post.—I have not cited Od. 21.419

τόν ῥ’ ἐπὶ πήχει ἑλὼν ἕλκεν νευρὴν γλυφίδας τε | αὐτόθεν ἐκ δίφροιο καθήμενος

, because there

ἐκ δίφροιο

goes with

ἕλκεν

, not with

καθήμενος

(he drew the bow, just from the chair, where he sat).

mvp-comment-225-4 ὑπήνεμοι ⁵⁰⁵

mvp-comment-226-1 βάλῃ ⁵⁰⁶

mvp-comment-227-1 ἐγερτί ⁵⁰⁷

mvp-comment-227-2 κινῶν ⁵⁰⁸

mvp-comment-227-3 ἐπιρρόθοις κακοῖσιν ⁵⁰⁹

mvp-comment-227-4 the adj. expressing the loud, continuous noise of tongues. The

ἐπι

- does not mean ‘bandied to and fro’: see Tr. 263

πολλὰ μὲν λόγοις | ἐπερρόθησε

. In fr. 521

ἐπίρροθα δώματα

=‘open to reproach.’ Elsewhere (as with Aesch.)

ἐπίρροθος

= ‘helper’ (

ἐπιρροθέω

, to come with shouts to the rescue). Cp.

ἐρρόθουν

259 n., Aesch. 290.

mvp-comment-228-1 ἀκηδήσοι ⁵¹⁰ ἀφειδήσοι ⁵¹¹

mvp-comment-229-1 The incident of the storm was a dramatic necessity, to account for Antigone reaching the corpse unobserved. A powerful picture is compressed into seven lines. (Cp. O. C. 1315 ff. for a like instance of self-restraint in description.)

mvp-comment-230-1 κατέστη ⁵¹²

mvp-comment-230-2 χθονὸς ⁵¹³

mvp-comment-231-1 τυφώς ⁵¹⁴ σκηπτός ⁵¹⁵

mvp-comment-231-2 οὐράνιον ἄχος ⁵¹⁶

mvp-comment-232-1 πίμπλησι ⁵¹⁷ αἰκίζων ⁵¹⁸

mvp-comment-232-2 ἐν δ’ ἐμεστ ⁵¹⁹

mvp-comment-233-1 μύσαντες ⁵²⁰

mvp-comment-233-2 νόσον ⁵²¹

mvp-comment-233-3 ἐν χρ. μακρ ⁵²²

mvp-comment-234-1 πικρᾶς ⁵²³

mvp-comment-235-1 εὐνῆς...λέχος ⁵²⁴

mvp-comment-236-1 οὕτω δέ ⁵²⁵

mvp-comment-236-2 ψιλόν ⁵²⁶

mvp-comment-237-1 γόοισιν ἐξῴμωξεν ⁵²⁷

mvp-comment-237-2 ἐκ δ’ … ἠρᾶτο ⁵²⁸

mvp-comment-237-3 διψίαν ⁵²⁹

mvp-comment-238-1 φέρει κόνιν ⁵³⁰

mvp-comment-239-1 The πρόχους ⁵³¹

mvp-comment-239-2 εὐκρότητος ⁵³²

mvp-comment-239-3 ἄρδην ⁵³³

mvp-comment-240-1 χοαῖσι ⁵³⁴

mvp-comment-240-2 τρισπόνδ. ⁵³⁵ στέφει ⁵³⁶

mvp-comment-241-1 ἱέμεσθα ⁵³⁷

mvp-comment-241-2 σὺν δὲ … θηρώμεθ’ ⁵³⁸

mvp-comment-242-1 ἠλέγχομεν ⁵³⁹

mvp-comment-242-2 ἄπαρνος … οὐδενός ⁵⁴⁰

mvp-comment-242-3 καθίστατο ⁵⁴¹

mvp-comment-243-1 ἅμ’ ⁵⁴²

mvp-comment-244-1 φίλους ⁵⁴³

mvp-comment-245-1 πάντα ταῦθ’ ⁵⁴⁴ λαβεῖν ⁵⁴⁵

mvp-comment-246-1 σὲ δή, ⁵⁴⁶

mvp-comment-247-1 φὴς δεδρακέναι, ἢ καταρνεῖ μὴ δεδρ ⁵⁴⁷ καταρνεῖ ⁵⁴⁸

mvp-comment-248-1 καὶ......κοὐκ ⁵⁴⁹

mvp-comment-248-2 τὸ μή ⁵⁵⁰

mvp-comment-249-1 σὺ μέν ⁵⁵¹ κομίζοις ἂν ς ⁵⁵²

mvp-comment-249-2 ἔξω ⁵⁵³ β. αἰτίας ⁵⁵⁴ ἐλεύθερον ⁵⁵⁵

mvp-comment-250-1 μῆκος ⁵⁵⁶

mvp-comment-251-1 ᾔδησθα ⁵⁵⁷ ᾔδης τὰ ⁵⁵⁸ σθα ⁵⁵⁹

mvp-comment-251-2 κηρυχθέντα ⁵⁶⁰

mvp-comment-252-1 ᾔδη ⁵⁶¹

mvp-comment-252-2 τί δ’ οὐκ ἔμελλον ⁵⁶²

mvp-comment-252-3 ἐμφανῆ ⁵⁶³ ἐκφανῆ ⁵⁶⁴

mvp-comment-253-1 καὶ δῆτ’ ⁵⁶⁵

mvp-comment-254-1 Ζεύς ⁵⁶⁶

mvp-comment-255-1 τῶν κάτω θεῶν ⁵⁶⁷ ξύνοικος ⁵⁶⁸ τοιούσδ’ … ὥρισεν ⁵⁶⁹ οἳ τούσδ’ … ὥρισαν ⁵⁷⁰ τάδε ⁵⁷¹

mvp-comment-256-1 ἄγραπτα … νόμιμα ⁵⁷²

mvp-comment-256-2 quotes vv. 456 f.) Cp. O.T. 865 ff.

νόμοι... | ὑψίποδες, οὐρανίαν | δἰ αἰθέρα τεκνωθέντες

, with notes there. Thuc. 2.37 (

νόμοι

)

ὅσοι ἄγραφοι ὄντες αἰσχύνην ὁμολογουμένην φέρουσι

. When ‘the unwritten laws’ are thus called

νόμοι

, the latter word is used figuratively. νόμιμα ⁵⁷³

mvp-comment-256-3 ἀσφαλῆ ⁵⁷⁴

mvp-comment-256-4 θνητὸν ὄντ’ ⁵⁷⁵

mvp-comment-256-5 ὑπερδραμεῖν ⁵⁷⁶

mvp-comment-257-1 νῦν γε κἀχθές ⁵⁷⁷

mvp-comment-257-2 ζῇ ⁵⁷⁸

mvp-comment-257-3 ’φάνη ⁵⁷⁹

mvp-comment-258-1 τούτων ⁵⁸⁰ τὴν δίκην ⁵⁸¹ τούτων ⁵⁸²

mvp-comment-258-2 shows that, like

ταῦτα

just before, it refers to the

νόμιμα

: we cannot, therefore, render, ‘the penalty of such an act’ ( sc.

τοῦ ὑπερδραμεῖν

mvp-comment-258-3 ἐν θεοῖσι ⁵⁸³

mvp-comment-259-1 δώσειν ⁵⁸⁴

mvp-comment-259-2 θανουμένη γάρ ⁵⁸⁵

mvp-comment-259-3 τί δ’ οὔ ⁵⁸⁶

mvp-comment-260-1 κεἰ μὴ σὺ προὐκήρυξας ⁵⁸⁷

mvp-comment-260-2 τοῦ χρόνου ⁵⁸⁸

mvp-comment-260-3 αὔτ’ ⁵⁸⁹

mvp-comment-261-1 φέρει ⁵⁹⁰

mvp-comment-262-1 Kvičala and Wecklein reject these four verses, despairing of the difficulties found in vv. 466, 467, which have been variously amended; see Appendix. The alleged difficulties are, (1)

παρ’ οὐδὲν ἄλγος

: (2) the mention of the mother only: (3) the position of

θανόντ’

, which might suggest the sense, ‘slain by my mother’: (4)

ηἰσχόμην

(as L has it). Before dealing with these points, I would call attention to a trait which the impugners of these verses have overlooked, and which speaks strongly for the genuineness of the passage as a whole, corrupt though it be in certain words. That trait is the clause τοῖσδε δ’ οὐκ ἀλγύνομαι ⁵⁹¹

mvp-comment-263-1 ἄλγος ⁵⁹² παρ’ οὐδέν ⁵⁹³

mvp-comment-263-2 adv.: ‘is a pain in no appreciable degree,’ is a pain not worth a thought: as he might have said,

οὐδαμοῦ ἄλγος ἐστί

. The normal use of

παρ’ οὐδέν

, ‘of no account,’ is either ( a) with the verb

εἶναι

, as O. T. 982

ταῦθ’ ὅτῳ | παρ’ οὐδέν ἐστι

, or ( b) with a verb meaning ‘to esteem,’ as above, v. 34,

τὸ πρᾶγμ’ ἄγειν | οὐχ ὡς παρ’ οὐδέν

. The only peculiarity here is that, instead of a word in the general sense, ‘ is esteemed’ (

ἄγεται

), we have a virtual equivalent, tinged with the special thought of the moment, viz., ‘ is a pain.’ Exactly so in El. 1327 we have

πότερα παρ’ οὐδὲν τοῦ βίου κήδεσθ’ ἔτι

, instead of

πότερα παρ’ οὐδὲν τὸν βίον ἄγετε

. Thus the suspicions as to the genuineness of

παρ’ οὐδὲν ἄλγος

are illusory.

mvp-comment-263-3 ἀλλ’ ἄν ⁵⁹⁴

mvp-comment-264-1 ἄθαπτον ἠνσχόμην νέκυν ⁵⁹⁵ ηἰσχόμην ⁵⁹⁶ ἠνσχόμην ⁵⁹⁷

mvp-comment-264-2 In my first edition I placed in the text the emendation of Semitelos (1887) ᾔσχυναν κύνες ⁵⁹⁸

mvp-comment-264-3 Other emendations will be found in the Appendix. Most of them assume that we must have

ἠνεσχόμην

(or

ἀνεσχόμην

), and therefore alter the words

θανόντ’ ἄθαπτον

and

νέκυν

in various ways, —usu. omitting

νέκυν

. The verses produced by these processes are wretched, while, from a palaeographical point of view, they are pure conjectures, which do not attempt to account for the tradition in L.—Two points remain. (1) τὸν ἐξ ἐμῆς | μητρός ⁵⁹⁹

mvp-comment-264-4 or

μιᾶς

(Meineke). (2) τὸν ἐξ ἐμ. | μητρος θανόντ’ ⁶⁰⁰

mvp-comment-265-1 σχεδόν τι ⁶⁰¹

mvp-comment-265-2 μώρῳ μωρίαν ⁶⁰²

mvp-comment-265-3 ὀφλισκάνω ⁶⁰³

mvp-comment-266-1 These two verses give a moment of stillness before the storm breaks forth. So at O. T. 404 four verses of the chorus divide the angry speech of Oedipus from the retort of Teiresias.

mvp-comment-266-2 τὸ γέννημα τῆς παιδός ⁶⁰⁴ δηλοῖ ⁶⁰⁵ ὠμόν ⁶⁰⁶ ἐξ ὠμοῦ πατρός ⁶⁰⁷ γέννημα ⁶⁰⁸

mvp-comment-267-1 εἴκειν … κακοῖς ⁶⁰⁹

mvp-comment-268-1 ἀλλ’ ἴσθι τοι ⁶¹⁰

mvp-comment-268-2 πίπτειν ⁶¹¹

mvp-comment-269-1 ὀπτὸν … περισκελῆ ⁶¹²

mvp-comment-269-2 περισκελής ⁶¹³

mvp-comment-269-3 ἐκ πυρός ⁶¹⁴

mvp-comment-270-1 θραυσθέντα καὶ ῥαγέντα ⁶¹⁵

mvp-comment-271-1 χαλινῷ δ’ ⁶¹⁶ σμικρῷ ⁶¹⁷

mvp-comment-271-2 καταρτυθέντας ⁶¹⁸

mvp-comment-272-1 Suspicion has fallen on ἐκπέλει ⁶¹⁹

mvp-comment-272-2 ὅστις ⁶²⁰

mvp-comment-272-3 τῶν πέλας ⁶²¹

mvp-comment-273-1 αὕτη δ’ ⁶²² ὑβρίζειν μὲν … ὕβρις δ’ ⁶²³ ἐξηπίστατο ⁶²⁴ τότ’ ⁶²⁵

mvp-comment-273-2 τούτοις ⁶²⁶

mvp-comment-273-3 δεδρακυῖαν γελᾶν ⁶²⁷

mvp-comment-274-1 νῦν ⁶²⁸

mvp-comment-274-2 εἰ ταῦτα … κράτη ⁶²⁹ κράτη ⁶³⁰ κείσεται ⁶³¹ πείσεται ⁶³² ἀνατί ⁶³³ ταῦτα ⁶³⁴

mvp-comment-275-1 ἀδελφῆς ⁶³⁵

mvp-comment-275-2 εἴθ’ ὁμαιμονεστέρα ⁶³⁶

mvp-comment-275-3 Hyperbole is congenial to Creon's excitement; cp. 1040 . But the addition,

τοῦ παντὸς Ζ. ἑρκείου

, ill suits this, while, on the other hand, it agrees well with the nom.

ὁμαιμονεστέρα

. On the whole, then, I incline to prefer the nom.; but the point is a nice one, and the gen. is quite tenable.

mvp-comment-275-4 κυρεῖ ⁶³⁷

mvp-comment-276-1 τοῦ παντὸς Ζηνὸς ἑρκείου ⁶³⁸

mvp-comment-277-1 ἀλύξετον ⁶³⁹ μόρου ⁶⁴⁰

mvp-comment-278-1 καὶ γὰρ οὖν ⁶⁴¹

mvp-comment-278-2 ἐπαιτιῶμαι κείνην ⁶⁴² βουλεῦσαι ἴσον τοῦδε τάφου ⁶⁴³ ἴσον ⁶⁴⁴

mvp-comment-278-3 βουλεῦσαι ⁶⁴⁵

mvp-comment-279-1 καί νιν καλεῖτ’ ⁶⁴⁶

mvp-comment-280-1 λυσσῶσαν … οὐδ’ ἐπ ⁶⁴⁷

mvp-comment-280-2 ἐπήβολον ⁶⁴⁸

mvp-comment-281-1 ὁ θυμὸς τῶν … τεχνωμένων ⁶⁴⁹ φιλεῖ κλοπεὺς ᾑρῆσθαι ⁶⁵⁰ πρόσθεν ⁶⁵¹ κλοπεύς ⁶⁵² ᾑρῆσθαι κλοπεύς ⁶⁵³

mvp-comment-281-2 τεχνωμένων ⁶⁵⁴

mvp-comment-282-1 γε μέντοι ⁶⁵⁵

mvp-comment-282-2 Ismene's guilty terror is contrasted with Antigone's impudent hardihood,—as Creon deems it. μισῶ … ὅταν ⁶⁵⁶

mvp-comment-282-3 ἔπειτα ⁶⁵⁷

mvp-comment-282-4 καλλύνειν ⁶⁵⁸

mvp-comment-283-1 θέλεις τι μεῖζον ⁶⁵⁹

mvp-comment-283-2 ἑλών ⁶⁶⁰

mvp-comment-283-3 ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδέν ⁶⁶¹

mvp-comment-283-4 ἅπαντ’ ἔχω ⁶⁶²

mvp-comment-284-1 ἀρεστὸν οὐδέν ⁶⁶³

mvp-comment-284-2 μηδ’ ἀρεσθείη ⁶⁶⁴ ἀρεσθείην ⁶⁶⁵ ἀρέστ’ εἴη ⁶⁶⁶

mvp-comment-285-1 τἀμά ⁶⁶⁷

mvp-comment-285-2 ἔφυ ⁶⁶⁸

mvp-comment-286-1 καίτοι ⁶⁶⁹ κλέος … εὐκλεέστερον ⁶⁷⁰

mvp-comment-287-1 ἐν τάφῳ τιθεῖσα ⁶⁷¹ τούτοις πᾶσι λέγοιτο ἄν ⁶⁷² τοῦτο ἁνδάνειν ⁶⁷³ ἐγκλῄοι ⁶⁷⁴

mvp-comment-288-1 ἀλλ’ ἡ τυραννίς ⁶⁷⁵

mvp-comment-289-1 μούνη ⁶⁷⁶

mvp-comment-289-2 τοῦτο … ὁρᾷς ⁶⁷⁷

mvp-comment-289-3 ὑπίλλουσιν ⁶⁷⁸

mvp-comment-290-1 σὺ δ’ οὐκ ἐπαιδεῖ ⁶⁸⁰

mvp-comment-291-1 ὅμαιμος ⁶⁸¹

mvp-comment-291-2 ἐκ μιᾶς τε ⁶⁸² τε ⁶⁸³

mvp-comment-292-1 πῶς δῆτ’ ⁶⁸⁴

mvp-comment-292-2 ἐκείνῳ ⁶⁸⁵

mvp-comment-292-3 χάριν ⁶⁸⁶ τιμᾷς ⁶⁸⁷ ὁ κατθανὼν νέκυς ⁶⁸⁸

mvp-comment-293-1 εἴ τοι ⁶⁸⁹ σφε ⁶⁹⁰

mvp-comment-293-2 ἐξ ἴσου ⁶⁹¹

mvp-comment-294-1 οὐ γάρ τι δοῦλος ⁶⁹²

mvp-comment-294-2 cannot complain, for Polyneices was not his slave—his natural inferior—but his brother, and had the same claim on me that he had. Creon insists on the difference between the loyal man and the disloyal. Antigone dwells on the fact that both men had the same claim on her natural piety, and (519) on her sense of religious duty.

mvp-comment-295-1 πορθῶν δέ ⁶⁹³

mvp-comment-295-2 ὁ δ’ ⁶⁹⁴ ὕπερ ⁶⁹⁵

mvp-comment-296-1 τούτους ⁶⁹⁶ ἴσους ⁶⁹⁷ ἴσους ⁶⁹⁸ ὅμως ⁶⁹⁹ ἴσους ⁷⁰⁰ τούτους ⁷⁰¹ ἴσους ⁷⁰²

mvp-comment-297-1 The MS. λαχεῖν ἴσος ⁷⁰³ ἴσους ⁷⁰⁴

mvp-comment-298-1 κάτωθεν ⁷⁰⁵ κάτω ’στὶν ⁷⁰⁶

mvp-comment-298-2 εὐαγῆ ⁷⁰⁷

mvp-comment-299-1 οὔτοι συνέχθειν ⁷⁰⁸

mvp-comment-300-1 νυ^ν ⁷⁰⁹

mvp-comment-301-1 καὶ μὴν ⁷¹⁰

mvp-comment-301-2 εἰβομένη ⁷¹¹ κάτω ⁷¹²

mvp-comment-301-3 with

εἴβειν

, for Homer never says

κατὰ δάκρυα λείβειν

. Nothing is more natural than that

εἰβομένη

should have become

λειβομένη

in the MSS., the latter word being much the commoner.

mvp-comment-301-4 κάτω ⁷¹³

mvp-comment-302-1 νεφέλη δ’ ὀφρύων ὕπερ ⁷¹⁴

mvp-comment-302-2 αἱματόεν ⁷¹⁵

mvp-comment-302-3 ῥέθος ⁷¹⁶

mvp-comment-302-4 αἰσχύνει ⁷¹⁷

mvp-comment-303-1 σὺ δ’ ⁷¹⁸ ὑφειμένη ⁷¹⁹

mvp-comment-303-2 ἔχιδνα ⁷²⁰

mvp-comment-303-3

ἡ ἔχιδνα ἐν τῇ συνουσίᾳ τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποκόπτει. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὰ τέκνα, ὥσπερ τὸν θάνατον τοῦ πατρὸς μετερχόμενα, τὴν γαστέρα τῆς μητρὸς διαρρήγνυσιν

. (Cp. Shaksp. Per. 1. 1. 64

I am no viper, yet I feed On mother's flesh.

)

mvp-comment-304-1 λήθουσά μ’ ἐξέπινες ⁷²¹

mvp-comment-305-1 ἄτα κἀπαναστάσεις ⁷²²

mvp-comment-305-2 ἐπαναστάσεις ⁷²³ θρόνων ⁷²⁴

mvp-comment-306-1 τὸ μὴ ⁷²⁵

mvp-comment-307-1 ὁμορροθεῖ ⁷²⁶

mvp-comment-308-1 τῆς αἰτίας ⁷²⁷ ξυμμετίσχω ⁷²⁸ φέρω ⁷²⁹

mvp-comment-309-1 ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐάσει σ’ ⁷³⁰

mvp-comment-309-2 ’κοινωσάμην ⁷³¹

mvp-comment-310-1 ξύμπλουν ⁷³²

mvp-comment-311-1 Cp. Ph. 1293

ὡς θεοὶ ξυνίστορες.

mvp-comment-311-2 λόγοις ⁷³³

mvp-comment-312-1 μή μ’ ἀτιμάσῃς ⁷³⁴ τὸ μὴ οὐ ⁷³⁵ ἁγνίσαι τὸν θ ⁷³⁶

mvp-comment-313-1 μή μοι ⁷³⁷ κοινά ⁷³⁸

mvp-comment-313-2 μηδ’ ἃ μὴ ’θιγες ⁷³⁹ ἅ ⁷⁴⁰ ἅ ⁷⁴¹

mvp-comment-314-1 ποιοῦ σεαυτῆς ⁷⁴²

mvp-comment-314-2 ἀρκέσω ⁷⁴⁴

mvp-comment-315-1 σοῦ λελειμμένῃ ⁷⁴⁵

mvp-comment-315-2 φίλος ⁷⁴⁶

mvp-comment-316-1 κηδεμών ⁷⁴⁷

mvp-comment-317-1 ἀλγοῦσα μὲν δῆτ’ ⁷⁴⁸ δῆτα ⁷⁴⁹

mvp-comment-317-2 ἐν σοί ⁷⁵⁰

mvp-comment-317-3 Heath's εἰ γελῶ γ’ ⁷⁵¹

mvp-comment-318-1 ἀλλὰ νῦν ⁷⁵²

mvp-comment-319-1 κἀμπλάκω ⁷⁵³

mvp-comment-319-2 fate? i.e. to be dissociated from it: delib. aor. subj., which can be used, not only in asking what one is to do, but also in expressions of despair as to what one must suffer ( Tr. 973

τί πάθω

;). For

ἀμπλακεῖν

cp. 910 , 1234.

mvp-comment-320-1 εἵλου ⁷⁵⁴

mvp-comment-320-2 ζῆν ⁷⁵⁵

mvp-comment-321-1 ἐπ’ ἀρρήτοις … τοῖς ἐμ. λ. ⁷⁵⁶

mvp-comment-322-1 σὺ μὲν τοῖς ⁷⁵⁷

mvp-comment-323-1 καὶ μήν ⁷⁵⁸

mvp-comment-324-1 θάρσει ⁷⁵⁹

mvp-comment-324-2 ἡ ἐμὴ ψυχή ⁷⁶⁰

mvp-comment-324-3 πάλαι ⁷⁶¹

mvp-comment-324-4 ὥστε τοῖς θ. ὠφελεῖν ⁷⁶²

mvp-comment-325-1 L gives τὼ παῖδε φημὶ ⁷⁶³

mvp-comment-325-2 τὼ παῖδε … τὴν μὲν … τὴν δέ ⁷⁶⁴

mvp-comment-325-3 ἀρτίως ⁷⁶⁵

mvp-comment-326-1 The apology is for her sister as well as for herself: even such prudence ( cp. 68

νοῦν

) as may have been inborn forsakes the unfortunate under the stress of their misfortunes.

mvp-comment-326-2 βλάστῃ ⁷⁶⁶

mvp-comment-326-3 τοῖς κ. πράσσουσιν ⁷⁶⁷

mvp-comment-326-4 ἐξίσταται ⁷⁶⁸

mvp-comment-327-1 σοὶ γοῦν ⁷⁶⁹

mvp-comment-327-2 κακοῖς ⁷⁷⁰

mvp-comment-328-1 τῆσδ’ ἄτερ ⁷⁷¹ μόνῃ ⁷⁷²

mvp-comment-328-2 βιώσιμον ⁷⁷³ τί ⁷⁷⁴

mvp-comment-329-1 ἀλλὰ … μέντοι ⁷⁷⁵

mvp-comment-329-2 ἥδε μὴ λέγε ⁷⁷⁶

mvp-comment-330-1 νυμφεῖα ⁷⁷⁷

mvp-comment-331-1 ἀρώσιμοι ⁷⁷⁸

mvp-comment-332-1 οὐχ ὥς γ’ ⁷⁷⁹ ἡρμοσμένα ἦν ⁷⁸⁰

mvp-comment-333-1 υἱέσι ⁷⁸¹ υἱάσιν ⁷⁸²

mvp-comment-333-2

υἷα, υἷε, υἷες, υἷας

: cp. Monro Hom. Gr. § 107.—The dat. of interest goes with κακὰς γυναῖκας ⁷⁸³ στυγῶ ⁷⁸⁴

mvp-comment-334-1 It is not of much moment that L, like the later MSS., gives this verse to Ismene. Errors as to the persons occur not seldom in L (see, e.g., cr. n. to O. C. 837 , and cp. ib. 1737 ); and here a mistake would have been peculiarly easy, as the dialogue from v. 561 onwards has been between Creon and Ismene. To me it seems certain that the verse is Antigone's, and that one of the finest touches in the play is effaced by giving it to Ismene. The taunt,

κακὰς γυναῖκας υἱέσι

, moves Antigone to break the silence which she has kept since v. 560: in all this scene she has not spoken to Creon, nor does she now address him: she is thinking of Haemon,—of the dishonour to him implied in the charge of having made such a choice, —

ὡς αἰεὶ τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει θεὸς ὡς τὸν ὁμοῖον

. How little does his father know the heart which was in sympathy with her own. This solitary reference to her love heightens in a wonderful degree our sense of her unselfish devotion to a sacred duty. If Ismene speaks this verse, then

τὸ σὸν λέχος

in 573 must be, ‘the marriage of which you talk’ (like El. 1110

οὐκ οἶδα τὴν σὴν κλῄδον

'), which certainly is not its natural sense.

mvp-comment-334-2 Αἷμον ⁷⁸⁵

mvp-comment-335-1 ἄγαν γε λυπεῖς ⁷⁸⁶

mvp-comment-336-1 The MSS. give this verse to Ismene; but Boeckh is clearly right in giving it to the Chorus. Ismene asked this question in 568, and Creon answered: she rejoined to this answer (570), and Creon replied still more bitterly. She could not now ask her former question over again. But there is no unfitness in the question being repeated by a new intercessor, since to ask it thus is a form of mild remonstrance.

mvp-comment-337-1 ἐμοί ⁷⁸⁷ ἔφυ ⁷⁸⁸

mvp-comment-338-1 This verse clearly belongs to the Chorus, to whom L assigns it. The first words of the next verse show this. Hermann objected that in similar situations the Chorus usually has two verses. It is true that this is usually the case. But O. T. 1312 is enough to show that there was no rigid rule; why, indeed, should there be? And, here, surely,

πλέον ἥμισυ παντός.

mvp-comment-338-2 δεδογμένα ⁷⁸⁹

mvp-comment-339-1 καὶ σοί γε κἀμοί ⁷⁹⁰

mvp-comment-339-2 μὴ τριβάς ⁷⁹¹

mvp-comment-339-3 νιν ⁷⁹²

mvp-comment-340-1 ἐκ δὲ τοῦδε ⁷⁹³ γυναικας ⁷⁹⁴ ἀνειμένας ⁷⁹⁵

mvp-comment-341-1 χοἱ θρασεῖς ⁷⁹⁶ πέλας ⁷⁹⁷ εἰσορῶσι ⁷⁹⁸

mvp-comment-343-1 κακῶν ἄγευστος ⁷⁹⁹

mvp-comment-344-1 σεισθῇ θεόθεν ⁸⁰⁰

mvp-comment-344-2 ἄτας οὐδὲν ἐλλείπει ⁸⁰¹ ἐλλείπει ⁸⁰²

mvp-comment-344-3 γενεᾶς ἐπὶ πλῆθος ⁸⁰³ γενεᾶς ⁸⁰⁴

mvp-comment-345-1 ὅμοιον ⁸⁰⁵

mvp-comment-345-2 ποντίαις ⁸⁰⁶ πνοαῖς ⁸⁰⁷ ὅταν οἶδμα ⁸⁰⁸ ποντίαις δυσπν. Θρ. πνοαῖς ⁸⁰⁹ ἐπιδράμῃ ἔρεβος ὕφαλον ⁸¹⁰ Θρῄσσαισιν ⁸¹¹

mvp-comment-346-1 κελαινὰν θῖνα ⁸¹²

mvp-comment-346-2 δυσάνεμοι ⁸¹³ δυσάνεμον ⁸¹⁴

mvp-comment-346-3 στόνῳ βρ.· ⁸¹⁵

mvp-comment-346-4 ἀντιπλῆγες ⁸¹⁶ ἀκταί ⁸¹⁷

mvp-comment-347-1 ἀρχαῖα ⁸¹⁸

mvp-comment-347-2 ὁρῶμαι ⁸¹⁹ οἴκων ⁸²⁰ φθι^τῶν ⁸²¹

mvp-comment-348-1 ἀπαλλάσσει ⁸²²

mvp-comment-348-2 γενεὰν γένος ⁸²³ ἔχει ⁸²⁴

mvp-comment-348-3 λύσιν ⁸²⁵

mvp-comment-349-1 νῦν γὰρ ἐσχάτας ⁸²⁶ ὃ τέτατο ⁸²⁷ ἐτέτατο ⁸²⁸ κατ’ αὖ ⁸²⁹ ὑπέρ ⁸³⁰ ὅπερ ⁸³¹ ὃ τέτατο ⁸³² νιν ⁸³³ φάος ⁸³⁴ ἐσχάτη ῥίζα ⁸³⁵ φάος ⁸³⁶ νιν ⁸³⁷ φάος ⁸³⁸ θάλος ⁸³⁹ τέτατο ⁸⁴⁰ ῥίζας ⁸⁴¹

mvp-comment-350-1 κατ’ αὖ … ἀμᾷ, ⁸⁴² κοπίς ⁸⁴³ κόνις ⁸⁴⁴ κόνις ⁸⁴⁵

mvp-comment-350-2 (1) If κόνις ⁸⁴⁶ καταμᾷ ⁸⁴⁷

mvp-comment-350-3 (2) If we read κοπίς ⁸⁴⁸

mvp-comment-350-4 It has further been urged against

κοπίς

that the word is too homely. This may be so; but we lack proof.

κοπίς

seems to have been a large curved knife, known to the Greeks chiefly as ( a) a butcher's or cook's implement, ( b) an oriental military weapon. It does not follow, however, that the effect here would be like that of ‘chopper,’ or of ‘scimitar,’ in English. The dignity of a word may be protected by its simplicity; and

κοπίς

is merely ‘that which cuts.’ Pindar was not afraid of homeliness when he described a chorus-master as a

κρατήρ

, or an inspiring thought as an

ἀκόνα

(cp. O. C. 1052 n.). Nicander could say, of the scorpion,

τοίη οἱ κέντροιο κοπίς

( Ther. 780 ). If

κοπίς

be right, the change to

κόνις

may have been caused, not by a misreading of letters, but by mere inadvertence,—the copyist having the word

κόνις

in his thoughts at the moment: it has already occurred frequently ( 247 , 256 , 409 , 429 ).—See Appendix.

mvp-comment-351-1 λόγου … ἄνοια ⁸⁴⁹ φρενῶν ἐρινύς ⁸⁵⁰

mvp-comment-352-1 τεάν ⁸⁵¹

mvp-comment-352-2 δύνα^σιν ⁸⁵²

mvp-comment-352-3 κατάσχοι ⁸⁵³

mvp-comment-353-1 The MS. παντογήρως ⁸⁵⁴ παντοθήρας ⁸⁵⁵ παντόθηρος ⁸⁵⁶ πάντ’ ἀγρεύων ⁸⁵⁷

mvp-comment-354-1 The MS. οὔτ’ ἀκάματοι θεῶν ⁸⁵⁸

mvp-comment-354-2

οὐδὲν ἕρπει

. Far the best emendation is οὔτε θεῶν ἄκματοι ⁸⁵⁹ θεῶν ⁸⁶⁰ θεῶν μῆνες ⁸⁶¹ θεῶν ⁸⁶² οὔτε ⁸⁶³

mvp-comment-354-3 ἄκματοι ⁸⁶⁴

mvp-comment-355-1 I doubt whether the dat. χρόνῳ ⁸⁶⁵

mvp-comment-355-2 μαρμαρόεσσαν ⁸⁶⁶

mvp-comment-356-1 τό τ’ ἔπειτα ⁸⁶⁷ τὸ μέλλον ⁸⁶⁸

mvp-comment-356-2 καὶ τὸ πρίν ⁸⁷² ἐπαρκέσει ⁸⁷³

mvp-comment-357-1 πάμπολύ γ’ ⁸⁷⁴

mvp-comment-357-2 ἕρπει ⁸⁷⁵ ἕρπειν ⁸⁷⁶ ἕρπει ⁸⁷⁷

mvp-comment-357-3 πάμπολις ⁸⁷⁸

mvp-comment-358-1 ἁ γὰρ δή ⁸⁷⁹ γάρ ⁸⁸⁰ πολύπλαγκτος ⁸⁸¹

mvp-comment-358-2 oft tossed up and down, ploughing a sea of vain deceits.’—

πολύπλαγκτος

might also be act., ‘causing men to err greatly’; but this is less fitting here.

mvp-comment-359-1 πολλοῖς μὲν ὄνασις ⁸⁸²

mvp-comment-360-1 ἀπάτα … ἐρώτων ⁸⁸³

mvp-comment-360-2 κουφονόων ⁸⁸⁴

mvp-comment-361-1 The

ἀπάτη

, or final frustration of his desires, ἕρπει ⁸⁸⁵ οὐδὲν εἰδότι ⁸⁸⁶

mvp-comment-362-1 πρὶν … προσαύσῃ ⁸⁸⁷

mvp-comment-362-2 προσαύσῃ ⁸⁸⁸

mvp-comment-362-3 πόδα ⁸⁸⁹ προσαύσῃ ⁸⁹⁰

mvp-comment-363-1 σοφίᾳ ⁸⁹¹

mvp-comment-363-2 ἔκ του ⁸⁹²

mvp-comment-363-3 πεφάνται ⁸⁹³

mvp-comment-364-1 τὸ κακὸν δοκεῖν ποτ’ ⁸⁹⁴ ποτέ ⁸⁹⁵

mvp-comment-364-2 1676 Among them he a spirit of phrenzy sent, Who hurt their minds. Cp.

βλαψίφρων, φρενοβλαβής

. Il. 19.137

ἀλλ’ ἐπεὶ ἀασάμην, καί μευ φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεύς

. Theognis 403

σπεύδει ἀνήρ, κέρδος διζήμενος, ὅν τινα δαίμων | πρόφρων εἰς μεγάλην ἀμπλακίην παράγει, | καί οἱ ἔθηκη δοκεῖν, ἃ μὲν ᾖ κακά, ταῦτ’ ἀγάθ’ εἶναι, | εὐμαρέως, ἃ δ’ ἂν ᾖ χρήσιμα, ταῦτα κακά

. Lycurgus in Leocr. § 92

οἱ γὰρ θεοὶ οὐδὲν πρότερον ποιοῦσιν ἢ τῶν πονηρῶν ἀνθρώπων τὴν διάνοιαν παράγουσι· καί μοι δοκοῦσι τῶν ἀρχαίων τινὲς ποιητῶν ὥσπερ χρησμοὺς γράψαντες τοῖς ἐπιγιγνομένοις ταῦτα τὰ ἰαμβεῖα καταλιπεῖν· ὅταν γὰρ ὀργὴ δαιμόνων βλάπτῃ τινά, | τοῦτ’ αὐτὸ πρῶτον, ἐξαφαιρεῖται φρενῶν | τὸν νοῦν τὸν ἐσθλόν, εἰς δὲ τὴν χείρω τρέπει | γνώμην, ἵν’ εἰδῇ μηδἐν ὧν ἁμαρτάνει

. The schol. on our verse quotes an unknown poet's lines,

ὅταν δ’ ὁ δαίμων ἀνδρὶ πορσύνῃ κακά, | τὸν νοῦν ἔβλαψε πρῶτον, ᾧ βουλευεται

. (‘Quem Iuppiter vult perdere, dementat prius.’ See n. in Appendix.)— The epic ἔμμεν ⁸⁹⁶

mvp-comment-365-1 ὀλίγιστον ⁸⁹⁷ ὀλιγοστόν ⁸⁹⁸ πράσσει … ἐκτὸς ἄτας ⁸⁹⁹ ἄτας ⁹⁰⁰

mvp-comment-366-1 μήν ⁹⁰¹

mvp-comment-366-2 νέατον ⁹⁰²

mvp-comment-366-3 to a person,

νέατος

could not be said of a sole survivor unless he was also the latest-born.

γέννημ’

: cp. 471 n.

mvp-comment-366-4 ἀχνύμενος ⁹⁰³ μόρον ⁹⁰⁴

mvp-comment-367-1 In the MS. reading (see cr. n.)

νύμφης

is a gloss on τάλιδος ⁹⁰⁵ τῆς μελλογάμου ⁹⁰⁶ τῆς μελλογάμου ⁹⁰⁷ τάλιδος ⁹⁰⁸

mvp-comment-368-1 ἀπάτας ⁹⁰⁹ λεχέων ⁹¹⁰

mvp-comment-370-1 μάντεων ὑπέρτερον ⁹¹¹

mvp-comment-371-1 τελείαν ⁹¹²

mvp-comment-371-2 ψῆφο<*> ⁹¹³

mvp-comment-371-3 ἆρα μή ⁹¹⁴

mvp-comment-371-4 τῆς μελλονύμφου ⁹¹⁵

mvp-comment-371-5 λυσσαίνων ⁹¹⁶ σοὶ μέν ⁹¹⁷ θυμαίνων ⁹¹⁸

mvp-comment-372-1 σοὶ μέν ⁹¹⁹

mvp-comment-372-2 πανταχῇ δρῶντες ⁹²⁰

mvp-comment-373-1 σός ⁹²¹

mvp-comment-373-2 γνώμας ἔχων χρηστάς ⁹²² ἀπορθοῖς ⁹²³ μοι ⁹²⁴

mvp-comment-374-1 ἀξιώσεται ⁹²⁶ ἀξ. μείζων φέρεσθαι ⁹²⁷ ἀξίως ἔσται ⁹²⁸

mvp-comment-374-2 σοῦ καλῶς ἡγουμ. ⁹²⁹ μείζων ⁹³⁰

mvp-comment-375-1 γάρ ⁹³¹

mvp-comment-375-2 διὰ στέρνων ἔχειν ⁹³² διά ⁹³³ ἔχειν ⁹³⁴ οὕτω ⁹³⁵ ἔχειν ⁹³⁶

mvp-comment-376-1 (One ought to think thus),—that is, ὄπισθεν ἑστάναι πατρ. γνώμης ⁹³⁷ πάντα ⁹³⁸ ἑστάναι ⁹³⁹

mvp-comment-377-1 ὡς ⁹⁴⁰

mvp-comment-377-2 ἀνταμύνωνται ⁹⁴¹ κακοῖς ⁹⁴²

mvp-comment-378-1 ἄλλο ⁹⁴³ φῦσαι ⁹⁴⁴ πλήν ⁹⁴⁵ ἄλλο ⁹⁴⁶ εἴποις ⁹⁴⁷

mvp-comment-378-2 πόνους ⁹⁴⁸

mvp-comment-378-3 γέλων ⁹⁴⁹

mvp-comment-379-1 τὰς φρένας γ’ ⁹⁵⁰ γε ⁹⁵¹ φρένας σύ γ’ ἡδονῇ ⁹⁵²

mvp-comment-379-2 φρένας … ἐκβάλῃς ⁹⁵³

mvp-comment-379-3 ὑφ’ ἡδονῆς ⁹⁵⁴

mvp-comment-380-1 ψυχρόν ⁹⁵⁵

mvp-comment-380-2 παραγκάλισμα ⁹⁵⁶

mvp-comment-381-1 δόμοις ⁹⁵⁷

mvp-comment-381-2 ἕλκος ⁹⁵⁸

mvp-comment-381-3 φίλος ⁹⁵⁹

mvp-comment-382-1 πτύσας ⁹⁶⁰

mvp-comment-382-2 ὠσεί τε δυσμενῆ ⁹⁶¹ τε ⁹⁶²

mvp-comment-383-1 νυμφεύειν ⁹⁶³

mvp-comment-384-1 ἀπιστήσασαν ⁹⁶⁴ ψευδῆ ⁹⁶⁵

mvp-comment-385-1 κτενῶ ⁹⁶⁶

mvp-comment-385-2 πρὸς ταῦτ ⁹⁶⁷

mvp-comment-385-3 ἐφυμνείτω ⁹⁶⁸

mvp-comment-385-4 Δία ξύναιμον ⁹⁶⁹

mvp-comment-386-1 τά γ’ ἐγγ. φύσει ⁹⁷⁰

mvp-comment-386-2 ἄκοσμα ⁹⁷¹

mvp-comment-386-3 θρέψω ⁹⁷²

mvp-comment-386-4 κάρτα τοὺς ἔξω γ. ⁹⁷³

mvp-comment-387-1 Seidler transposes vv. 663—667, placing them after 671. The object is to bring vv. 668—671 into immediate connection with 662. In this there is one slight grammatical gain; since, as the vv. stand in the MSS.,

τοῦτον ...τὸν ἄνδρα

(668) means, ‘the man who acts thus’ (viz., as described in vv. 666 f.). But the order given in the MSS. is right. The transposition obliterates one of the finest touches in the speech. Creon demands that the obedience of the citizens to the ruler shall be absolute (666 f.). And then he supplements this demand with a remark on the dignity of such obedience. The man who so obeys gives the best proof that he could also rule (668 ff.). Seidler destroys the point of vv. 668 ff. by placing them after 662.

mvp-comment-387-2 The connection of thought in the whole passage—which is slightly obscured by compression—may be most clearly shown by taking the verses in small consecutive groups. (1) 659 f. If I tolerate disloyalty

mvp-comment-387-3 in my own relatives, I shall encourage it in other citizens. (2) 661 f. For (

γάρ

) only a man who is firm (

χρηστός

) where his own relatives are concerned will be found to uphold justice in the State (i.e. will have the authority necessary for doing so). (3) 663 f. Now, I recognise disloyalty in any one who breaks the law and defies the government, as Antigone has done. (4) 666 f. Instead of so doing, the citizen is bound to obey the government in everything. (5) 668—671. There is nothing slavish in that; on the contrary, it shows that the citizen is not only a good subject, but would, if required, be a good ruler;—as he would also be a good soldier.—Then comes the general censure on unruliness (672—676). And then the conclusion:—I must vindicate my authority, and punish Antigone (677 —680).

mvp-comment-388-1 ὑπερβάς ⁹⁷⁴

mvp-comment-388-2 τοὐπιτάσσειν ⁹⁷⁵

mvp-comment-388-3 νοεῖ ⁹⁷⁶

mvp-comment-389-1 στήσειε ⁹⁷⁷

mvp-comment-389-2 καὶ τἀναντία ⁹⁷⁸

mvp-comment-390-1 τοῦτον … τὸν ἄνδρα ⁹⁷⁹

mvp-comment-390-2 καλῶς...εὖ ⁹⁸⁰

mvp-comment-390-3 ἄν ⁹⁸¹ ἄρχειν ⁹⁸² θέλειν ⁹⁸³

mvp-comment-391-1 δορὸς … χειμῶνι ⁹⁸⁴

mvp-comment-391-2 προστεταγμένον ⁹⁸⁵

mvp-comment-391-3 παραστάτην ⁹⁸⁶

mvp-comment-392-1 πόλεις ὄλλυσιν, ἥδ’ ⁹⁸⁷ πόλεις τ’ … ἥδ’ ⁹⁸⁸

mvp-comment-393-1 συμμάχου ⁹⁸⁹ συμμάχηι ⁹⁹⁰ σὺν μάχῃ ⁹⁹¹

mvp-comment-393-2 τροπὰς καταρρήγνυσι ⁹⁹²

mvp-comment-393-3 τῶν δ’ ὀρθουμένων ⁹⁹³ τὰ πολλὰ σώματα ⁹⁹⁴

mvp-comment-393-4 ἡ πειθαρχία ⁹⁹⁵

mvp-comment-394-1 ἀμυντέ’ ⁹⁹⁶

mvp-comment-394-2 τοῖς κοσμουμένοις ⁹⁹⁷ τοῖς κ. ⁹⁹⁹

mvp-comment-395-1 κοὔτοι … ἡσσητέα ¹⁰⁰⁰

mvp-comment-396-1 δεῖ ¹⁰⁰¹ ἐκπεσεῖν ¹⁰⁰²

mvp-comment-396-2 thrust out: oft. of dethronement (

ἐκπ. τυραννίδος, ἀρχῆς, κράτους

, Aesch. ), or of exile (

χθονός

, O. C. 766 ).

mvp-comment-396-3 κοὐκ ἂν...καλοίμεθ’ ἄν ¹⁰⁰³

mvp-comment-397-1 μέν ¹⁰⁰⁴

mvp-comment-397-2 τῷ χρόνῳ ¹⁰⁰⁵

mvp-comment-397-3 κεκλέμμεθα ¹⁰⁰⁶

mvp-comment-398-1 δοκεῖς λέγειν φρονούντως περὶ ¹⁰⁰⁷

mvp-comment-399-1 θεοί ¹⁰⁰⁸

mvp-comment-399-2 κτημάτων ¹⁰⁰⁹

mvp-comment-400-1 ἐγὼ δ’ ὅπως ¹⁰¹⁰

mvp-comment-400-2 μὴ ¹⁰¹¹ ὅπως ¹⁰¹² μή ¹⁰¹³ ὀρθῶς ¹⁰¹⁴

mvp-comment-400-3 μήτ’ ἐπισταίμην ¹⁰¹⁵

mvp-comment-401-1 καλῶς ἔχον ¹⁰¹⁶ γένοιτο ἂν καὶ ἑτέρῳ ¹⁰¹⁷

mvp-comment-402-1 σοῦ δ’ οὖν ¹⁰¹⁸ σοῦ ¹⁰¹⁹ σοί ¹⁰²⁰ σὺ δ’ οὐ πέφυκας ¹⁰²¹ τις ¹⁰²² μῆνίν τιν’ ἢ κότον τιν ¹⁰²³

mvp-comment-403-1 τὸ γὰρ σόν ¹⁰²⁴ ὄμμα ¹⁰²⁵

mvp-comment-403-2 δημότῃ ¹⁰²⁶

mvp-comment-404-1 λόγοις τοιούτοις ¹⁰²⁷ λόγοις τοιούτοις ¹⁰²⁸

mvp-comment-404-2 οἷς ¹⁰²⁹ τέρψει ¹⁰³⁰ κλύων ¹⁰³¹ μή ¹⁰³² τέρψῃ ¹⁰³³

mvp-comment-405-1 ὑπὸ σκότον ¹⁰³⁴ ἀκούειν ¹⁰³⁵ ὀδύρεται ¹⁰³⁶

mvp-comment-406-1 κάκιστ’ … εὐκλεεστάτων ¹⁰³⁷

mvp-comment-406-2 ἀπ’ ἔργων ¹⁰³⁸

mvp-comment-407-1 ἥτις ¹⁰³⁹ μήθ’ … μήθ’ ¹⁰⁴⁰ εἴασε ¹⁰⁴¹ ὀλέσθαι ¹⁰⁴²

mvp-comment-407-2 αὐτάδελφον ¹⁰⁴³

mvp-comment-407-3 ἐνφοναῖς ¹⁰⁴⁴

mvp-comment-408-1 χρυσῆς ¹⁰⁴⁵

mvp-comment-408-2 λαχεῖν ¹⁰⁴⁶ ἀξία ¹⁰⁴⁷

mvp-comment-409-1 ἐπέρχεται ¹⁰⁴⁸

mvp-comment-410-1 θάλλοντος ¹⁰⁴⁹

mvp-comment-410-2 μεῖζον εὐκλείας ¹⁰⁵⁰

mvp-comment-410-3 πρὸς παίδων ¹⁰⁵¹ εὐκλεία ¹⁰⁵²

mvp-comment-411-1 νυν ¹⁰⁵³

mvp-comment-411-2 φόρει ¹⁰⁵⁴

mvp-comment-411-3 ἦθος ¹⁰⁵⁵ ὡς φὴς σύ ¹⁰⁵⁶

mvp-comment-411-4 κοὐδέν ¹⁰⁵⁷

mvp-comment-411-5 τοῦτο ¹⁰⁵⁸

mvp-comment-412-1 μόνος ¹⁰⁵⁹ φρονεῖν ¹⁰⁶⁰ ψυχήν ¹⁰⁶¹

mvp-comment-412-2

αὐτὸς μοῦνος ποικίλα δήνε’

(devices)

ἔχειν, | κεῖνός γ’ ἄφρων ἐστί, νόου βεβλαμμένος ἐσθλοῦ, | ἴσως γὰρ πάντες ποικίλ’ ἐπιστάμεθα

. Isocr. or. 3 § 43 joins Theognis, Hesiod and Phocylides as

ἀρίστους...συμβούλους τῷ βίῳ τῷ τῶν ἀνθρώπων

. They were read in schools.

mvp-comment-413-1 οὗτοι ¹⁰⁶²

mvp-comment-413-2 διαπτυχθέντες ¹⁰⁶³

mvp-comment-413-3 κενοί ¹⁰⁶⁴

mvp-comment-414-1 ἄνδρα ¹⁰⁶⁵ μανθάνειν ¹⁰⁶⁶ τό ¹⁰⁶⁷

mvp-comment-414-2 κεἰ … ᾖ ¹⁰⁶⁸

mvp-comment-414-3 τείνειν ¹⁰⁶⁹

mvp-comment-414-4 παρὰ ῥείθρ. ¹⁰⁷⁰

mvp-comment-414-5 χειμάρροις ¹⁰⁷¹

mvp-comment-415-1 ὑπείκει ¹⁰⁷²

mvp-comment-415-2 αὐτόπρεμνα ¹⁰⁷³

mvp-comment-416-1 αὔτως ¹⁰⁷⁴

mvp-comment-416-2 ναός ¹⁰⁷⁵

mvp-comment-416-3 ἐγκρατῆ ¹⁰⁷⁶

mvp-comment-416-4 πόδα ¹⁰⁷⁷

mvp-comment-417-1 μηδέν ¹⁰⁷⁸

mvp-comment-417-2 κάτω στρέψας ¹⁰⁷⁹ τὸ πλοῖον ¹⁰⁸⁰ τὸ λοιπόν ¹⁰⁸¹

mvp-comment-417-3 σέλμασιν ¹⁰⁸² ὑπτίοις ¹⁰⁸³

mvp-comment-418-1 εἶκε θυμοῦ ¹⁰⁸⁴

mvp-comment-418-2 καὶ μετάστασιν δίδου ¹⁰⁸⁵

mvp-comment-418-3 δίδου ¹⁰⁸⁶ εἶκε ¹⁰⁸⁷ καί ¹⁰⁸⁸ καί ¹⁰⁸⁹

mvp-comment-419-1 εἴ τις γνώμη πρόσεστι καὶ ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ ν. ¹⁰⁹⁰ καί ¹⁰⁹¹

mvp-comment-419-2 πρεσβεύειν ¹⁰⁹²

mvp-comment-420-1 φῦναι ¹⁰⁹³

mvp-comment-420-2 πάντ’ ¹⁰⁹⁴

mvp-comment-421-1 εἰ δ’ οὖν ¹⁰⁹⁵ φιλεῖ γάρ ¹⁰⁹⁶

mvp-comment-421-2 τοῦτο … ταύτῃ ¹⁰⁹⁷ ταύτῃ ¹⁰⁹⁸

mvp-comment-421-3 ῥέπειν ¹⁰⁹⁹

mvp-comment-422-1 καὶ τὸ τῶν εὖ λεγόντων μανθάνειν καλόν ¹¹⁰⁰

mvp-comment-423-1 σέ τ’ ¹¹⁰¹ διπλᾶι ¹¹⁰² διπλᾶ ¹¹⁰³ διπλῇ ¹¹⁰⁴ διπλᾶ ¹¹⁰⁵

mvp-comment-423-2 On the other hand, διπλῇ ¹¹⁰⁶

mvp-comment-424-1 καὶ ¹¹⁰⁷ διδαξ. ¹¹⁰⁸

mvp-comment-424-2 δή ¹¹⁰⁹

mvp-comment-424-3 τὴν φύσιν ¹¹¹⁰

mvp-comment-425-1 μηδέν ¹¹¹¹ τὸ μὴ δίκ. ¹¹¹²

mvp-comment-425-2 τὸν χρόνον ¹¹¹³ τἄργα ¹¹¹⁴

mvp-comment-426-1 ἔργον ¹¹¹⁵

mvp-comment-426-2 τοὺς ἀκοσμοῦντας ¹¹¹⁶

mvp-comment-426-3 σέβειν ¹¹¹⁷

mvp-comment-427-1 οὐδ’ ¹¹¹⁸

mvp-comment-428-1 τοιᾷδε … νοσῳ ¹¹¹⁹

mvp-comment-428-2 ἐπείληπται ¹¹²⁰

mvp-comment-429-1 Θήβης ¹¹²¹ ὁμόπτολις ¹¹²²

mvp-comment-430-1 ἡμῖν ¹¹²³ ἐμέ ¹¹²⁴

mvp-comment-431-1 ὡς ἄγαν νέος ¹¹²⁵

mvp-comment-432-1 Dobree's με ¹¹²⁶ γε ¹¹²⁷ χρή ¹¹²⁸ ἄλλῳ ἢ ’μοί ¹¹²⁹ ἐμοί ¹¹³⁰ χρή γε ¹¹³¹

mvp-comment-433-1 πόλις γὰρ οὐκ ἔσθ’ ¹¹³²

mvp-comment-433-2

τυραννίς

ἔσχατον πόλεως νόσημα

, Rep. 544 C. de Rep. 3. 31

ubi tyrannus est, ibi...dicendum est nullam esse rempublicam.

mvp-comment-434-1 νομίζεται ¹¹³³

mvp-comment-435-1 καλῶς ἐρήμης γ’ ¹¹³⁴

mvp-comment-436-1 Though at least one late MS. (Paris E) has

συμμαχεῖν

, it is needless to assume here the same mixed constr. as Tr. 1238

ἁνὴρ δ’ ὅδ’, ὡς ἔοικεν, οὐ νεμεῖν ἐμοὶ | φθίνοντι μοῖραν

mvp-comment-437-1 οὖν ¹¹³⁵ προκήδομαι ¹¹³⁶

mvp-comment-438-1 ὦ παγκάκιστε ¹¹³⁷

mvp-comment-438-2 διὰ δίκης ἰὼν πατρί ¹¹³⁸

mvp-comment-439-1 ἀρχάς ¹¹³⁹

mvp-comment-440-1 οὐ γὰρ σέβεις ¹¹⁴⁰

mvp-comment-440-2 τιμάς ¹¹⁴¹

mvp-comment-441-1 ὦ μιαρόν ¹¹⁴² γυναικὸς ὕστερον ¹¹⁴³

mvp-comment-442-1 ‘I may be inferior to a woman, but at least you will never find me yielding to base temptations.’ It would have been

αἰσχρόν

if he had allowed fear or self-interest to deter him from pleading this cause. ( Cp. 509 .) Cp. Tr. 489

ἔρωτος...ἥσσων

: fr. 844

ἥσσων...ὀργῆς.

mvp-comment-442-2 οὔ τἄν ¹¹⁴⁴

mvp-comment-442-3 γε ¹¹⁴⁵

mvp-comment-443-1 γοῦν ¹¹⁴⁶

mvp-comment-444-1 καὶ σοῦ γε ¹¹⁴⁷

mvp-comment-445-1 Objections have been made to the traditional order of these verses, chiefly in two respects. (1) 755

εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ’

is—it is argued—the strongest thing said by Haemon, and ought therefore to come immediately before Creon's final outburst,

ἄληθες

; (758). How could it be followed by merely so mild a phrase as

μὴ κώτιλλέ με

?—We may reply:— Haemon says that, if Creon were not his father, he would have thought him mad. It is to this that

μὴ κώτιλλέ με

refers, meaning, ‘Do not seek to deceive me by an affectation of filial deference.’ (2) 757

βούλει λέγειν τι

is too mild a remark—it is said—to form the climax of provocation to Creon's anger. We may reply:—It is in substance, if not in form, such a climax, —for a father who holds that unquestioning obedience (640) is a son's first duty. It asserts Haemon's right to maintain his own views against his father's,—

διὰ δίκης ἰέναι

, as Creon put it (742). The traditional order seems, therefore, to be right.

mvp-comment-445-2 Three modes of transposition have been proposed. (1) Enger puts 756 and 757 after 749. Then

κώτιλλε

(756) refers to Haemon's plea that he has his father's cause, and that of religion, at heart. We lose nothing by such a transposition; but neither do we gain.

mvp-comment-445-3 (2) Donner (in his transl., ed. 1863) simply transposed verses 755 and 757, leaving the rest as they stand. For this it may fairly be said that 757 comes very fitly after 754. On the other hand it seems to me that 756 does not aptly follow 757.

mvp-comment-445-4 (3) Pallis arranges thus:—749, 756, 755, 754, 757, 750—753. Thus

κενὰς γνώμας

(753) becomes the last sting.— The fact is that, in a stormy altercation, we do not look for a closely logical texture and a delicately graduated crescendo. The MS. order is (to my mind) the best; but other arrangements are possible, and would be nearly as good.

mvp-comment-445-5 Creon, instead of replying to v. 749, abruptly repeats his resolve.

οὐκ ἔστιν ὡς ταύτην ἔτι ζῶσαν γαμεῖς

(fut.)

ποτέ

, it cannot be that you shall ever wed her while she yet lives; i.e. she is to die at once, and can become your bride, if ever, only

ἐν Ἅιδου

(654). Cp. 1240 .— ὡς ¹¹⁴⁸ ποτέ ¹¹⁴⁹ ταύτην ¹¹⁵⁰

mvp-comment-446-1 ἥδ’ ¹¹⁵¹ ὀλεῖ τινά ¹¹⁵²

mvp-comment-447-1 ἦ ἐπεξέρχει και ἐπαπειλῶν ὧδε θρασύς; ¹¹⁵³ καί ¹¹⁵⁴

mvp-comment-448-1 κλαίων ¹¹⁵⁵

mvp-comment-448-2 φρενώσεις ¹¹⁵⁶

mvp-comment-449-1 οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν ¹¹⁵⁷

mvp-comment-450-1 δούλευμα ¹¹⁵⁸

mvp-comment-450-2 μὴ κωτιλλέ με ¹¹⁵⁹

mvp-comment-450-3 Cp. Theognis 363

εὖ κώτιλλε τὸν ἐχθρόν

(cajole)'

ὅταν δ’ ὑποχείριος ἔλθῃ, | τῖσαί νιν, πρόφασιν μηδεμίαν θέμενος

: id. 851

Ζεὺς ἄνδρ’ ἐξολέσειεν Ὀλύμπιος, ὃς τὸν ἑταῖρον | μαλθακὰ κωτίλλων ἐξαπατᾶν ἐθέλει

mvp-comment-451-1 λέγειν … κλύειν; ¹¹⁶⁰ λέγειν τι ¹¹⁶¹

mvp-comment-452-1 ἄληθες; ¹¹⁶²

mvp-comment-452-2 οὐ τόνδ’ Ὄλ. ¹¹⁶³

mvp-comment-452-3 ἴσθ’ ὅτι ¹¹⁶⁴

mvp-comment-453-1 χαίρων ¹¹⁶⁵

mvp-comment-453-2 ἐπὶ ψόγοισι δεννάσεις ¹¹⁶⁶ ἐπί ¹¹⁶⁷ ἔτι ¹¹⁶⁸

mvp-comment-454-1 ἄγετε ¹¹⁶⁹ ἄγ’ ἄγε ¹¹⁷⁰ ἄγαγε ¹¹⁷¹

mvp-comment-454-2 τὸ μῖσος ¹¹⁷²

mvp-comment-454-3 κατ’ ὄμματ’ ¹¹⁷³

mvp-comment-454-4 παρόντι … πλησία ¹¹⁷⁴

mvp-comment-455-1 ἔμοιγε ¹¹⁷⁵ οὔτε ¹¹⁷⁶ τε ¹¹⁷⁷

mvp-comment-455-2 οὐδαμά ¹¹⁷⁸

mvp-comment-455-3 ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ¹¹⁷⁹

mvp-comment-456-1 ὡς ¹¹⁸⁰

mvp-comment-456-2 τοῖς θέλουσι ¹¹⁸¹

mvp-comment-457-1 ἐξ ὀργῆς ταχύς ¹¹⁸²

mvp-comment-457-2 βαρύς ¹¹⁸³

mvp-comment-458-1 μεῖζον ἢ κατ’ ἄνδρα ¹¹⁸⁴

mvp-comment-458-2 ἰών ¹¹⁸⁵

mvp-comment-458-3

αἱρήσοιμ’ ἰών

: Ai. 304

ὅσην κατ’ αὐτῶν ὕβριν ἐκτίσαιτ’ ἰών

. So here it scornfully suggests some daring enterprise.

mvp-comment-459-1 For δ’ οὖν ¹¹⁸⁶

mvp-comment-459-2 τὼ … τώδε ¹¹⁸⁷

mvp-comment-459-3 καί ¹¹⁸⁸ κατακτ. νοεῖς ¹¹⁸⁹ κατακτ ¹¹⁹⁰

mvp-comment-460-1 θιγοῦσαν ¹¹⁹¹

mvp-comment-460-2 γὰρ οὖν ¹¹⁹²

mvp-comment-461-1 καί ¹¹⁹³ βουλεύει ¹¹⁹⁴

mvp-comment-461-2 σφε ¹¹⁹⁵

mvp-comment-462-1 ἔνθα ¹¹⁹⁶

mvp-comment-463-1 πετρώδει … ἐν κατώρυχι ¹¹⁹⁷

mvp-comment-464-1 ὡς ἄγος μόνον ¹¹⁹⁸ ὡς ¹¹⁹⁹ ὅσον ¹²⁰⁰

mvp-comment-464-2 ἄγος ¹²⁰¹

mvp-comment-464-3 Creon's edict had announced that the transgressor would be publicly stoned to death (36). It is to this that the anxious question of the Chorus alludes (772). Creon had already said that Antigone's doom was to be

κάκιστος

(489). But now, at least, he feels that he cannot inflict such a death on the maiden, his kinswoman. She shall die, not by stoning, but by starvation. The choice is not prompted by cruelty, but simply by the desire to avoid physical violence.

mvp-comment-464-4 The danger of a

μίασμα

—to be avoided by a dole of food—has no relation to the special circumstances,—Antigone's royal birth, and the nature of her offence. In the ancient belief, that danger existed whenever a person was put to death by starvation. Two notions were probably blended; ( a) that, if a little food was given, the death was nature's work, not man's; ( b) that the

νέρτεροι

claimed an indemnity for the usual

ἐναγίσματα

. So the Greeks put Philoctetes ashore on desolate Lemnos, —

ῥάκη προθέντες βαιὰ καί τι καὶ βορᾶς | ἐπωφέλημα σμικρόν

( Ph. 274 ). So, too, when a Vestal was to be buried alive, the small vault in the Campus Sceleratus was furnished with a couch, a burning lamp, and a small table, on which the dole was placed,—bread, olives, milk, and a jug of water ( Plut. Num. 10 ).

mvp-comment-465-1 πᾶσ’ ¹²⁰²

mvp-comment-466-1 ὃν μόνον σέβει ¹²⁰³

mvp-comment-466-2

ἐγγενεῖς

(199). By honouring him, and Hades (519), she has dishonoured those other gods.

mvp-comment-467-1 τὸ μὴ θανεῖν ¹²⁰⁴ τεύξεται ¹²⁰⁵

mvp-comment-468-1 ἀλλὰ τηνικαῦτα ¹²⁰⁶ τἀν ¹²⁰⁷

mvp-comment-470-1 ἀνίκατε μάχαν ¹²⁰⁸

mvp-comment-471-1 ἐν κτήμασι πίπτεις, ¹²⁰⁹

mvp-comment-472-1 ἐν μαλακαῖς παρειαῖς ¹²¹⁰

mvp-comment-472-2 ἐννυχεύεις ¹²¹¹

mvp-comment-473-1 ὑπερπόντιος ¹²¹²

mvp-comment-473-2 ἔν τ’ ἀγρ. αὐλαῖς ¹²¹³

mvp-comment-474-1 οὔτ’ ἀθανάτων ¹²¹⁴

mvp-comment-474-2 σὲ … φύξιμός ἐστι ¹²¹⁵

mvp-comment-475-1 σέ γ’ ¹²¹⁶

mvp-comment-475-2 ὁ δ’ ἔχων ¹²¹⁷

mvp-comment-476-1 ἀδίκους ¹²¹⁸ παρασπᾷς ¹²¹⁹

mvp-comment-477-1 ξύναιμον ¹²²⁰

mvp-comment-477-2 ἔχεις ¹²²¹

mvp-comment-477-3 ταράξας ¹²²²

mvp-comment-478-1 ἐναργής ¹²²³

mvp-comment-478-2 βλεφάρωνἵμερος ¹²²⁴ εὐλέκτρου νύμφας ¹²²⁵

mvp-comment-478-3 εὐλέκτρου ¹²²⁶

mvp-comment-479-1 πάρεδρος ἐν ἀρχαῖς ¹²²⁷ πάρεδρος ¹²²⁸ ἐν ἀρχαῖς ¹²²⁹

mvp-comment-479-2 The words answer metrically to

φύξιμος οὐδείς

(788). The first two syllables of

πάρεδρος

therefore represent a resolved long syllable. Pindar affords some instances of such resolution (see Appendix), and there is a probable example below (970

ἀγχίπολις Ἄρης

, where see n.). But it is rare, and certainly unpleasing. As

mvp-comment-479-3 a whole, too, the phrase

πάρεδρος ἐν ἀρχαῖς

is suspicious. A yet stronger objection is the strangeness of describing the power which is in conflict with the

θεσμοί

as their assessor, or peer, in sway; an expression which would seem appropriate only if that power was working in harmony with them; as when Eur. ( Eur. Med. 843 ) speaks of

σοφίᾳ παρέδρους...ἔρωτας, | παντοίας ἀρετᾶς ξυνεργούς

,—‘the loves that sit with wisdom, co-workers of all excellence,’—those aspirations of the soul which assist intellectual effort.

mvp-comment-479-4 The best line of emendation yet suggested is that of Semitelos, who writes ὥστε πέρα δρᾶν ¹²³⁰

mvp-comment-480-1 ἐμπαίζει ¹²³¹ νικᾷ ¹²³²

mvp-comment-481-1 καὐτὸς θεσμῶν ἔξω ¹²³³

mvp-comment-481-2 φέρομαι ¹²³⁴

mvp-comment-481-3 ἴσχειν δ’ ¹²³⁵

mvp-comment-482-1 πηγάς ¹²³⁶

mvp-comment-483-1 παγκοίτην ¹²³⁷

mvp-comment-483-2 of Antigone are brought into finer relief by the different tone of the choral anapaests. Cp. 822 , and see Appendix on 110.—Cp. O. C. 1578 (Death)

τὸν αἰένυπνον

. The word θάλαμον ¹²³⁸

mvp-comment-483-3 ἀνύτουσαν ¹²³⁹

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

165-166. mvp-comment-103-1 τὰ Λαΐου. κράτη Knowing that you ever duly reverenced the enthroned authority of Laius. Λαΐου is governed by θρόνων κράτη taken as one word, θρόνων being added to supplement κράτη. σέβοντας and μένοντας, infr. 166, 169, are imperfects = ὅτι ἐσέβετε .. ἐμένετε,

167. mvp-comment-104-1 ὤρθου Kept on a safe course: i. e. Governed prosperously. The word recalls the happiness of the first period of Oedipus' rule. Cp. Plat. Men. P. 99 C, ᾗ οἱ πολιτικοὶ ἄνδρες χρώμενοι τὰς πόλεις ὀρθοῦσιν : Phaedr. 244 B. 168-169. ἀμφὶ .. φρονήμασιν]. Ye still remained loyal to their issue with unshaken minds. ἀμφί, Surrounding, as ready to defend. The apodosis is made to suit the latter protasis, ἐπεὶ διώλετο, and that of the former protasis, ἡνίκ' . . πόλιν (viz. ἐκείνῳ ὁμοίως πειθομένους οι the like), is thus absorbed.

167. mvp-comment-104-2 κείνων . . παῖδας i. e. Sons of Oedipus and grandsons of Laius.

172. mvp-comment-105-1 αὐτόχειρι Fratricidal. See Essay on Language p. 91.

174. mvp-comment-106-1 γένους κατ᾿ ἀγχιστεῖα By privilege of being nearest in kindred (ὡς ἀγχιστεύων) to the dead. Cp. πρωτεία, etc.

175. mvp-comment-107-1 παντὸς ἀνδρός Of any man, and therefore of me.

176. mvp-comment-108-1 ψυχήν. . φρόνημα.. γνώμην As observed in the Essay on Language pp. 91-3, the opposition between these words is chiefly formal. So far as there is any difference between them, ψυχήν is mind, or nature, φρόνημα, spirit, or way of thinking, (cp. infr. 207), and γνώμην, judgment or meaning.

176-177. mvp-comment-109-1 πρὶν ἂν ἀρχαῖς.. φανῇ “Until he be seen in his true colours through being tried in office and administration.' According to the saying of Bias, ἀρχὴ τὸν ἄνδρα δείξει (Arist. Eth. Nic. 5. 1. 16). There is an allusion to the detection of spurious coin through wear. Cp. Aesch. Ag. 390-392, κακοῦ δὲ χαλκοῦ τρόπον | τρίβῳτε καὶ προσβολαῖς | μελαμπαγὴς πέλει | δικαιωθείς (where Herm. says, 'Vereor autem ne non de lapide Lydio loquatur poeta, sed aes adulterinum dicat, quod usu tritum amisso falso splendore cognoscitur'): Hdt. 7. 10, ὥσπερ τὸν χρυσὸν τὸν ἀκήρατον, αὐτὸν μὲν ἐπ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ οὐ διαγινώσκομεν, ἐπεὰν δὲ

178. mvp-comment-110-1 ἐμοὶ γάρ The connection is not strictly logical. γάρ explains not the difficulty of discerning the difference between rulers, but the essential point on which the difference turns. In setting forth this, Creon also declares the spirit of his own policy. He is feeling his way with the elders, of whose submission he is not perfectly sure, and beats about the bush before coming to the point with them. Hence he repeats the same thought in different words.

178-183. mvp-comment-111-1 The sentiment of these lines is closely parallel to Plat. Legg. 9. 856 B, ὃς ἂν ἄγων εἰς ἀρχὴν ἄνθρωπον δουλῶται μὲν τοὺς νόμους, ἑταιρείας δὲ τὴν πόλιν ὑπήκοον ποιῇ, καὶ βιαίως δὲ πᾶν τοῦτο πράττων καὶ στάσιν ἐγείρων παρανομῇ· τοῦτον δὴ διανοεῖσθαι δεῖ πάντων πολεμιώτατον ὅλῃ τῇ πόλει, τὸν δὲ κοινωνοῦντα μὲν τῶν τοιούτων μηδενί, τῶν μεγίστων δὲ μετέχοντα ἀρχῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει, λεληθότα τε ταῦτα αὐτὸν ἢ μὴ λεληθότα, δειλίᾳ δ᾽ ὑπὲρ πατρίδος αὑτοῦ μὴ τιμωρούμενον, δεῖ δεύτερον ἡγεῖσθαι τὸν τοιοῦτον πολίτην κακῇ.

180. mvp-comment-112-1 ἐγκλείσας Locked up. Cp. Shakespeare, Richard II, 1. 3,

Within my mouth you have engaoled my tongue, | Doubly portcullised with my teeth and lips.

Infr. 505, εἰ μὴ γλῶσσαν ἐγκλείσαι φόβος.

182. mvp-comment-113-1 μείζον᾽.. ἀντί Essay on Language § 19. p. 27. Cp. Od. 7. 216, στυγερῇ ἐπὶ γαστέρι κύντερον.

183. mvp-comment-114-1 οὐδαμοῦ λέγω Plat. Gorg. 456 C, οὐδαμοῦ ἂν φανῆναι, supr. 32. 184 ff. Having shown what makes the good and bad ruler, Creon declares his own intentions, first generally, and then (192 ff.) with reference to Eteocles and Polynices. γάρ implies that his opinion will be proved by his acts. In both statements (178-183, 184-190) the stress is laid on the duty of renouncing friendship with the public enemy (182-183, 187-188), which is the ground of the present edict, Polynices being presumably Creon's private friend: supr. 174.

186. mvp-comment-115-1 στείχουσαν ἀστοῖς Menacing my people. Cp. supr. l. 10: Aesch. Prom. 1089-1090, τοιάδ᾽ ἐπ᾿ ἐμοὶ ῥιπὴ Διόθεν, | τεύχουσα φόβον, στείχει φανερῶς. For the dative, Essay on Language § 12. p. 18.

187. mvp-comment-116-1 δυσμενή χθονός Who is my country's foe. The genitive avoids the awkwardness of two datives, χθονί and ἐμαυτῷ, coming close together.

189-190. mvp-comment-117-1 She it is who preserves us, and we make friends only while she carries us in the course of public safety; i. e. The friendship that is made against the interest of the state is hollow and insecure. Cp. Thuc. 2. 60: (Pericles loq.) ἐγὼ γὰρ ἡγοῦμαι πόλιν πλείω ξύμπασαν ὀρθουμένην ὠφελεῖν τοὺς ἰδιώτας, ἢ καθ᾿ ἕκαστον τῶν πολιτῶν εὐπραγοῦσαν, ἀθρόαν δὲ σφαλλομένην, κ.τ.λ.: Zaleuc. ap. Stob. (Mullach, p. 543), πόλις γὰρ εὖ ἀγομένη μεγίστη ὄρθωσίς ἐστι, καὶ ἐν τούτῳ πάντα ἔνι, καὶ τούτου σωζομένου πάντα σώζεται καὶ τούτου φθειρομένου πάντα διαφθείρεται: Shakespeare. King John, 3. 1, Pand.

All form is formless, order orderless, | Save what is opposite to England's love.

On the change of pronouns (ἥδε.. ταύτης), see Essay on Language § 22. p. 32. The article in τοὺς φίλους points the reference to ll. 182-183.

191. mvp-comment-118-1 τοιοίσδε νόμοισι By such principles as these. Cp. infr. 908, τίνος νόμου δὴ ταῦτα πρὸς χάριν λέγω;

192. mvp-comment-119-1 ἀδελφὰ τῶνδε i. e. In full accord with them. Cp. Plat. Rep. 4. 421 C, ἆρ᾽ οὖν .. καὶ τὸ τούτου ἀδελφὸν δύξω σοι μετρίως λέγειν; Lys. 2. 64, ἀδελφὰ τὰ βουλεύματα τοῖς ἔργοις : Ο. C. 1262, ἀδελφὰ . . τούτοισιν.

193. mvp-comment-120-1 τῶν ἀπ᾿ Οιδίπου For the pleo- 190 195 200 nastic use of the preposition, see above 150, 182, and notes.

195. mvp-comment-121-1 πάντ᾿ ἀριστεύσας δορί After proving himself in all ways the bravest in the war. For the aor., cp. Hdt. 9. 74, alib.

196. mvp-comment-122-1 τὰ πάντ᾽ ἐφαγνίσαι ‘Το add all sacred offerings.'

199. mvp-comment-123-1 θεοὺς τοὺς ἐγγενεῖς The gods of his race; i. e. Those honoured by the Cadmeans. The gods of the race also include the ancestors of the race. Infr. 938, θεοὶ προγενεῖς.

201. mvp-comment-124-1 πρῆσαι κατάκρας The city (γῆν = πόλιν) is thought of as the main object of the verb.

201. mvp-comment-124-2 ἠθέλησε δ' The correspondence of clauses (with μέν and δέ) is not perfect, the antithesis being due to afterthought.

201. mvp-comment-124-3 αἵματος .. πάσασθαι ‘Το repast him with blood of his own kin.' The expression suits the Epic colouring of the whole speech.

202. mvp-comment-125-1 τοὺς δέ The rest; i. e. Those not slain, as implied in the opposition το αἵματος κοινοῦ πάσασθαι. 203.

202. mvp-comment-125-2 ἐκκεκήρυκται Musgrave's correction has been generally adopted, lopted, and is probably right. The impersonal verb gives absoluteness to the expression. Wolff construes the inf. with λέγω in 198 (deleting the comma after τοῦδε), and Wecklein reads λέγω for τάφῳ. The slight corruption is probably due to a reminiscence of supr. 27.

205. mvp-comment-126-1 δέμας is accusative of limitation, and ἄθαπτον and ἐδεστόν are masculine. To leave him unburied, to have his flesh consumed by birds and dogs.

206. mvp-comment-127-1 αἰκισθέντ᾿ ἰδεῖν A spectacle of indignity. Lit. Outraged to behold. The infinitive is added after the participle, which is masculine.

207. mvp-comment-128-1 Cp. 176, ψυχήν τε καὶ φρόνημα καὶ γνώμην.

209-210. mvp-comment-129-1 θανών | καὶ ζῶν In death as well as in life. The first word is the more emphatic. Essay on Language p. 78.

211-212. mvp-comment-130-1 For the construction of the accusatives τὸν .. δύσνουν. . τὸν εὐμενῆ, after σοὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἀρέσκει as = οὕτω τάσσεις, or the like, cр. О. С. 1120, τέκν᾽ εἰ φανέντ᾽ ἄελπτα μηκύνω λόγον, and see Essay on Language § 16. p. 22. No emendation is necessary.

213. mvp-comment-131-1 παντί πού γ᾽ ἔνεστί σοι γε has been thought a useless insertion, and Dindorf reads πάντι που πάρεστί σοι. But δέ γε is not unsuitable to the connection, introducing the second premiss of an implied argument. The words of the chorus express the barest acquiescence in the will of the ruler. Cp. infr. 509, σοὶ δ᾽ ὑπίλλουσι στόμα. They hide their disapproval, and that is all. Cp. Richard III, 4. 2, 21, Buck. Your grace may do your pleasure.

215. mvp-comment-132-1 ὡς ἂν.. εἰρημένων Sc. οὕτω πράσσετε. The subjunctive with ὡς ἄν follows the implied imperative. Act, then, so as to see my words obeyed. Cp. Ο. Τ. 325, ὡς οὖν μηδ᾽ ἐγὼ ταὐτὸν πάθω : Plat. Phaedo 59 Ε, παραγγέλλουσιν, ὅπως ἂν τῇδε τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τελευτήσῃ. The ellipse is idiomatic. It is not to be supposed either that Creon hesitates, or that the elders interrupt him.

218. mvp-comment-133-1 τί.. ἔτι 'What means then this charge further given by you to another?' τοῦτο, cogn. acc. = σκοποὶ εἶναι τῶν εἰρημένων : τί, suppl. predic. = With what meaning?' To what effect? ἄλλῳ = to another than the appointed guards. ἄλλο gives a poorer sense, What then is this other thing which you enjoin besides?

220. mvp-comment-134-1 ὃς .. ἐρᾷ As to be in love with death. For the irregular correlative (οὕτω .. ὅς), see Essay on Language § 22. p. 36. There is a confusion of οὐκ ἔστιν ὃς ἐρᾷ and οὐκ ἔστιν οὕτω μῶρος ὥστε ἐρᾶν.

222. mvp-comment-135-1 The emphatic position of ἄνδρας at the beginning of the line shows that the word is intended to mark Creon's unconsciousness of the real source of danger. So infr. 1. 248. Cp. Aesch. Ag. 1110: O. T. 928, al. So ὑπ᾿ ἐλπίδων shows how incapable he is of divining the motive of Antigone.

223-330. mvp-comment-136-1 The half-comic or rustic character of the watchman in this play is an extension of the common character of the messenger, whose natural rudeness of speech and thought brings into greater prominence the horror or pathos of the events he describes. The grotesqueness disappears when he speaks of the action of Antigone in 407-440. The employment of this artifice by Sophocles arises from the same motive to which Shakespeare gave a far wider range in such creations as the gravediggers in Hamlet, and the rural fellow in Antony and Cleopatra. The Messenger in the Trachiniae, the Corinthian in the Oedipus Tyrannus, Menelaus in the Ajax, the pretended Shipmaster in the Philoctetes, afford the same sort of contrast to the more tragic personages: and the superstition of the Coloniatae may be compared with the cowardice of the Phrygian slave in the Orestes of Euripides.

223-330. mvp-comment-136-2 The vulgarity of the common-place Athenian of the fifth century в.с. takes the form of misplaced subtlety of wit. Cp. Shak. Hamlet, 5. 1 ,

We must speak by the card, or equivocation will undo us. The age is grown so picked, that the toe of the peasant comes so near the heel of the courtier, he galls his kibe.

223-224. mvp-comment-137-1 I am out of breath, but not with speed. It is not that I ran nimbly hither. Aristotle, Rhet. 3. 14. § 10, quotes 223 thus, Ἄναξ, ἐρῶ μὲν οὐχ ὅπως σπουδῆς ὕπο.., adding, as if from the reply of Creon, τί φροιμιάζῃ; But it is as unsafe to follow his authority in this line, as it would be to substitute τί φροιμιάζῃ for εὖ γε στοχάζει in l. 241. It is evident that he is quoting from memory: and, although it is curious that the Scholiast uses the same word in his explanation, οὐ τοῦτο λέγω, ὅτι μετὰ σπουδῆς ἀσθμαίνων πρὸς σὲ πορεύομαι, yet this does not amount to a proof that this is the right reading. σπουδῆς may be the word which would be more naturally used in prose, but it is less pointed than τάχους in this connection. κοῦφον ἐξάρας πόδα is added in explanation of τάχους ὕπο. ἐξάρας, having set forth from the point of departure, like αἴρειν στόλον.

225. mvp-comment-138-1 For I had many stoppages by reason of thoughts, i. e. My thoughts cried halt to me (ἐπέστησάν με) again and again. Cp. Αj. 869, κοὐδεὶς ἐφίσταταί με συμμαθεῖν τόπος. The genitive φροντίδων is part causal, My thoughts checked me,' and part final, I stopped to think.

226. mvp-comment-139-1 ὁδοῖς As I came. Essay on Language § 14. p. 20. Ср. О. С. 553, ὁδοῖς ἐν ταῖσδ᾽ ἀκούων. Hearing of you on your coming hither.

227. mvp-comment-140-1 This mockery of dialectic is curiously significant of the earlier stage of rhetoric.

229. mvp-comment-141-1 κεἰ has the authority of the oldest MS. The reading of Par. A, καὶ .. ἀνδρός, has a certain liveliness, but is perhaps too abrupt.

231. mvp-comment-142-1 τοιαῦθ᾽ ἑλίσσων Turning round and round such thoughts as these. Cp. Plat. Phil. 19 (of the boyish dialectician), πάντα κινεῖ λόγον ἄσμενος, τότε μὲν ἐπὶ θάτερα κυκλῶν καὶ συμφορῶν εἰς ἕν, τότε δὲ πάλιν ἀνειλίττων καὶ διαμερίζων.

231. mvp-comment-142-2 σπουδῇ βραδύς The reading of L, σχολῇ βραδύς, Slowly because I stopped, is not pointed enough, and it seems probable that an oxymoron is intended in this as in the following line. The correction adopted by the Scholiast, σχολῇ ταχύς, secures this in rather an awkward way. That of Seyffert, which is here adopted (for the collocation of words, cp. the proverb σπεῦδε βραδέως), appears far more probable.

234. mvp-comment-143-1 This line was well explained by Dindorf in 1860: Dicturus erat σοὶ φράσοντα, sed propter verba interposita, κεί τὸ μηδὲν ἐξερῶ, mutata orationis forma infert φράσω δ ὅμως cum δε particula, ut Oed. T. 302, πόλιν μέν, εἰ καὶ μὴ βλέπεις, φρονεῖς δ' ὅμως | οἷᾳ νόσῳ σύνεστιν.' Essay on Language § 35. p. 59.

234. mvp-comment-143-2 τὸ μηδέν ῾Α vain report,' because the doer of the deed was still unknown.

235. mvp-comment-144-1 τῆς has the emphatic force of an antecedent: This hope, that ... δεδραγμένος] This reading is implied in the second scholium on the passage, ἀντειλημμένος τῆς ἐλπίδος ἐλήλυθα, and appears in the text of E and V³. (whence Aldus had it), and as a marginal reading of Aug. b. and of V¹. Clinging fast by the hope, is a natural and forcible expression, well suited to the style of the Φύλαξ : whereas ἐλπίδος πεφραγμένος or πεφαργμένοs, whether in the sense of Shut out from hope,' or Fortified by the hope, is not really admissible.

236. mvp-comment-145-1 That I cannot suffer anything but what is fated for me. Cp. Aesch. S. c. Τ. 263, πείσομαι τὸ μόρσιμον.

238. mvp-comment-146-1 τὸ γάρ For the light ending, cp infr. 327, 409, Ο. Τ. 553-554. τὸ δὲ | πάθημ᾽ ὁποῖον φῇς παθεῖν δίδασκέ με, ib. 995-996, 1056-1057.

239. mvp-comment-147-1 ὅστις ἦν ὁ δρῶν i. e. τὸν δρῶντα, ὅστις ἦν, The unknown doer of the deed.

241-242. mvp-comment-148-1 (1) You aim carefully, and fence the business off from yourself all round. Some editors read τί φροιμιάζει; from Ar. Rhet. 3. 14, § 10, quoted above. But though the Scholiast of the Rhetoric says τὸ δὲ τί φροιμιάζῃ τοῦ Κρέοντός ἐστι λέγοντος, it is much more probable that the words are a separate quotation from Eur. I. T. 1162. See Cope's edition of Ar. Rhet. vol. 3. p. 175. Others explain the text (2), You lay the ground carefully and hedge your approaches closely round, as if in preparing a stance to watch for game. According to Pollux, 5, 36, στοχασμός, στοχάς, and στόχος, were terms used in describing the setting of a hunting-net: καλεῖται δ᾽ αὐτῶν (τῶν ἀρκύων) ἡ στάσις, στοιχισμός, στοίχος, στόχος, στοχὰς καὶ στοχασμός· στοχὰς δὲ καλεῖται καὶ χειροποιητά τινα οἰκοδομήματα ἐκ λίθων, ἢ ὕλης ὑπὲρ τὴν γῆν ἀναστήματα, κατὰ χρείαν τῆς τῶν δικτύων ἐξ ἴσου στάσεως, εἴ τι κοῖλον εἴη περὶ τὸ ἀρκύστατον.

243. mvp-comment-149-1 τὰ δεινὰ .. πολύν The reply, as often elsewhere, refers to the first part of the previous speech. Cp. O. Т. 361. The frigid tautology belongs to the character of the Φύλαξ.

244. mvp-comment-150-1 εἰτ᾿ ἀπαλλαχθεὶς ἄπει And be off with you. The Scholiast acutely remarks that these impatient words are intended to hold out the hope of impunity, which is withdrawn again in the angry threats of ll. 305, foll.

246. mvp-comment-151-1 Some one has buried the corpse and has disappeared, after not only sprinkling dry dust upon the flesh, but adding all due rites. This last refers to the libation. Cp. supr. 196-197: infr. 430-431. The surprise was increased by observing the completeness of the act. There is a stress on the participles. Essay on Language p. 75 β, 94, 4.

248. mvp-comment-152-1 τίς ἀνδρῶν Cp. supra 222, and note.

249. mvp-comment-153-1 οὔτε .. ἐκβολή No dint of pick-axe, nor earth turned up with hoe.'

250. mvp-comment-154-1 στύφλος .. καὶ χέρσος Hard and bare. χέρσος γῆ is untilled land, and so here, Undisturbed by implements of husbandry. Cp. infr. 773, 1197.

251. mvp-comment-155-1 ἀρρώξ .. τροχοῖσιν Unbroken, and with no mark of wheels. ἐπημαξευμένη τροχοῖσιν] Lit. Carted over with wheels.' Essay on Language p. 88, note.

252. mvp-comment-156-1 ἀλλ'.. ἦν But whoever did it was one who left no trace.

253. mvp-comment-157-1 ὁ πρῶτος .. ἡμεροσκόπος Our first look-out-man for the day. ἡμεροσκόπος in Xen. Hell. 1. 1. 2, is a watchman who stands at his post at daybreak. Cp. ἡμεροφύλαξ, ib. 7. 2. 6, 7. Antigone's act preceded the setting of this watch.

254. mvp-comment-158-1 θαῦμα δυσχερές Α sight of wonder and dismay.

255. mvp-comment-159-1 τυμβήρης.. κόνις Not covered with a mound, but sprinkled with dust as by one avoiding pollution. Hor. Od. 1. 28,

Debita jura vicesque superbae | Te maneant ipsum: precibus ibus non linquar inultis | Teque piacula nulla resolvent. | Quamquam festinas, non est mora longa, licebit | Injecto ter pulvere curras.

For the gen., cp. Tr. 768.

255. mvp-comment-159-2 τυμβήρης For this use of the adjective, see Essay on Language § 23. p. 38.

258. mvp-comment-160-1 οὐ σπάσαντος Cp. Aesch. Prom. 451, οὔτε.. δόμους.. οὐ ξυλουργίαν.

259. mvp-comment-161-1 ἐν ἀλλήλοισιν Sc. τοῖς φύλαξιν. Words of abuse were loudly bandied to and fro. Cp. Aesch. Prom. 200, στάσις δ᾽ ἐν ἀλλήλοισιν ὠροθύνετο, sc.

259. mvp-comment-161-2 τοῖς δαίμοσιν.

260. mvp-comment-162-1 φύλαξ ἐλέγχων φύλακα On the nominative out of construction in the clause in apposition, see Essay on Language § 33. p. 57. § 15. p. 21.

260. mvp-comment-162-2 κἂν ἐγίγνετο And it was threatening to come to blows at last. The combination of the imperfect with av here is peculiar, having a force intermediate between ἐγίγνετο and ἐγένετο ἄv; i. e. it was coming to this, that we should have come to blows.

262-263. mvp-comment-163-1 The subtlety of the Φύλαξ deserts him in attempting to express his meaning. The perpetrator was every one and no one of us all every one in vague suspicion, and no one evidently: he escaped being known.' τις gives the indefiniteness required by the sense, = πως.

263. mvp-comment-164-1 ἀλλ᾽ ἔφευγε *μὴ εἰδέναι (1) But he (the perpetrator) always escaped, so that we could not know him. Böckh and Donaldson read as in the text, interpreting (2) Every man' (πᾶς implied in οὐδείς, the affirmative elicited from the negative) defended himself by pleading ignorance of the matter. For φεύγειν, * to urge a defensive plea,' cp. Aesch. Suppl. 390, and for the plea, μὴ εἰδέναι, Plat. Legg. 11. 936 E. But the plea of ignorance, although suitable in l. 266, is too special for this place, wherethe non-appearance of the criminal alone is in question. The meaning given above (1) is the same as that required by Hermann (see below), but is more simply expressed by the epexegesis, and the imperfect tense expresses the frustration of continued search. This interpretation involves a rare use of φεύγω, which is, however, analogous to a meaning of ἐκφεύγω that is not uncommon. Cp. Ο. Τ. 111, ἐκφεύγει δὲ τἀμελούμενον : Plat. Phil. 17, τὰ δὲ μέσα αὐτοὺς ἐκφεύγει. Other emendations are ἔφυγε τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι (Porson), explained by Erfurdt to mean amoliens a se accusationem scire sese negaverat ; ἔφυγε τῷ μὴ εἰδέναι (Herm. 1839), effugit, eo quod nesciebamus; ἔφευγε πᾶς τὸ μή, every man pled Not guilty. (Dind.). 264-265. There are few traces of anything corresponding to the trial by ordeal in ancient times. Brunck quotes Virg. Aen. 11. 787,

Et medium freti pietate per ignem | Cultores multa premimus vestigia prima.

It seems to have existed in different places as a popular belief, but nowhere to have received positive legal sanction. For a trace of trial by combat' (in Scythia), see Hdt. 4. 180. Cp. also Ar. Lys. 133.

269. mvp-comment-165-1

His verbis et sequentibus significatur terror quem Creontis auctoritas custodibus incutit.

(Dind.).

269. mvp-comment-165-2 λέγει, κ.τ.λ. The sense is interrupted by the relative clause, but resumed in the words ἦν δ᾽ ὁ μῦθος in l. 272. For τις εἷς, cp. Thuc. 6. 61, καί τινα μίαν νύκτα, κ.τ.λ. The emphatic use of little words shows the common mind; cp. infr. 404, ὃν σὺ τὸν νέκυν, κ.τ.λ. Wolff and Weckl. join els with what follows: but the antithesis of eἷς πάντας is too pointless here. Cp. Plat. Rep. 6. 496 D, εἰς πᾶσιν ἀγρίοις ἀντέχειν.

274-275. mvp-comment-166-1 κἀμὲ.. λαβεῖν And the lot devotes me, wretched man, to be the recipient of this piece of luck. καθαιρεῖ is used much as in ἡ καθαιροῦσα ψῆφος, not by an extension of the technical sense, but with the same general mean- ing of Fastening upon, Bringing down, Overtaking and subduing.

279. mvp-comment-167-1 *1 This is Nauck's emendation for ἡ. It involves a very slight change, and is extremely probable. Reflection suggests the fear that' (not 'the question whether') this may be some visitation from the gods. The conscience of the elders, which was stifled at first, begins to awaken in the presence of the mysterious fact. For the pause after the 2nd iambus, here and supr. 269, cp. Aj. 340, 342, 719, 791, 803, 988, 1050, 1077, 1140, 1332.

280. mvp-comment-168-1 Cease, ere you have quite filled me with wrath. καί, which is combined with πρίν, according to the common idiom (πρὶν καὶ..), is slightly displaced so as to emphasize the phrase ἐμὲ μεστῶσαι. The language is made clearer by the emendation καί με, but the emphatic ἐμέ is more suitable in the mouth of Creon. Cp. Phil. 1042.

281. mvp-comment-169-1 ἄνους τε καὶ γέρων Cp. О. С. 930-931, καί σ᾽ ὁ πληθύων χρόνος | γέρονθ' ὁμοῦ τίθησι καὶ τοῦ νοῦ κενόν. See Essay on Language § 41. p. 78. 285-286. Who came to burn their pillared shrines and offerings, and to break in pieces their land and laws. It seems more likely that the ἀναθήματα are joined in one expression with ναούς than with γῆν and νόμους, which are in a different category.

289-290. mvp-comment-170-1 ἀλλὰ ταῦτα.. ἐμοί But this explains the murmurs I have long been hearing from men in the city against me;' i. e. Those murmurs have become explicit in this act. Οη ταῦτα, see Essay on Language § 17. p. 25; and for the dative ἐμοί, at me, ib. § 12. p. 18. μόλις φέροντες, which some have connected with ταῦτα (ταῦτα μόλις φέροντες, 'Bearing my edict ill'), seems to be used absolutely, sc. τὸ ἐμὸν ζυγόν, with an allusion to the metaphor in what follows. Cp. Thuc. 5. 80, θυμῷ ἔφερον, sc. τὸν πόλεμον ἢ τὰ πράγματα.

291. mvp-comment-171-1 'Covertly shaking the head,' like an animal preparing to throw off the yoke.

292. mvp-comment-172-1 δικαίως Rightly; i. e. As I had a right to expect that they should.

292. mvp-comment-172-2 ὡς στέργειν ἐμέ So as to accept my sway. To this it has been objected that στέργω implies affectionate allegiance. But this notion, although inherent in the etymology of the word, is dropped in use. Cp. Phil. 538, ἐγὼ δ' ἀνάγκῃ προὔμαθον στέργειν κακά : Aesch. Prom. 11, τὴν Δίος τυραννίδα | στέργειν. What hope was there that Prometheus would be made loyal by loyal torments? The other interpretation, So that I should be content (cp. Phil. 458, τούτους ἐγὼ τοὺς ἄνδρας οὐ στέρξω ποτέ), would give but feeble expression to the self-will of Creon. The substitution for these words of εὐλόφως φέρειν from the citation of Eustathius, with the further change of νῶτον for λόφον, is rightly rejected by Dind., who points out that Eustathius, probably quoting from memory, has confused this passage with one of Lycophron.

293. mvp-comment-173-1 ἐκ τῶνδε By these malcontents. Supr. 290.

293. mvp-comment-173-2 τούτους (1) These guards. Infr. ll. 304 ff., supr. 260 ff.: or (2) simply τοὺς εἰργασμένους. The whole of this picture of discontent is the creation of Creon's anger from the hesitation of the chorus when told to see to the execution of the decree. Supr. 215 ff.

294. mvp-comment-174-1 There is a stress on μισθοῖσιν, preparing for what follows.

296. mvp-comment-175-1 νόμισμα, usually = Current coin, is here used in the more general sense which includes this. No such pestilent usance as money is, ever sprang up amongst mankind.

298. mvp-comment-176-1 The object of ἐκδιδάσκει, SC.

298. mvp-comment-176-2 χρηστοὺς αἰσχρά, is absorbed in the expansion of the sentence.

299. mvp-comment-177-1 πρὸς .. ἵστασθαι Το address themselves to shameful enterprizes.' Cp. Thuc. 6. 34. § 7, τῶν δ᾽ ἀνθρώπων πρὸς τὰ λεγόμενα καὶ αἱ γνῶμαι ἵστανται.

300. mvp-comment-178-1 πανουργίας The plural of the abstract noun gives the concrete notion.

300. mvp-comment-178-2 πανουργίας ἔχειν, like θήραν ἔχειν, Αj. 564: ὕβριν ἔχειν, Od. 1. 368, etc.

301. mvp-comment-179-1 παντὸς ἔργου δυσσέβειαν The impiety of every deed; i. e. Every kind of impiety in action. Cp. O.T. 864-865, εὔσεπτον ἁγνείαν λόγων | ἔργων τε πάντων.

303. mvp-comment-180-1 He implies, This cannot be their first act of disloyalty.' The unity of time is not to be pressed in the Antigone: see below, 11. 1064 ff. Else this suspicion of inveterate disaffection, against one who has reigned only for a few hours, would be too extravagant. The elders were selected for their loyalty. supr. 165 ff.

308-311. mvp-comment-181-1 οὐχ ὑμὶν ῞Αιδης.. ἁρπάζητε] Death shall not alone suffice for you, but first you shall be hung up alive to show the heinousness of this offence, that for the future, in your wrongful gettings, you may know better where to look for gain. See Essay on Language § 37. p. 64. There is a confusion of two constructions: (1) οὐχ ὑμὶν ῞Αιδης ἀρκέσει, τo which μοῦνος is added for emphasis, i. e. οὐ θανεῖσθε μόνον: and (2) οὐ θανεῖσθε πρίν, κ.τ.λ. Cp. 1064 ff., and see Aj. 106 ff., θανεῖν γὰρ αὐτὸν οὐτί πω θέλω, κ.τ.λ. The Φύλαξ is to take this message to his fellows.

313-314. mvp-comment-182-1 The sentence is redundant, either the article or ἢ σεσωσμένους being unnecessary. Weckl. reads σεσωμένους. For the article, cp. Eur. Phoen. 606, τοῦ μέρους ἔχων τὸ πλεῖον,

315. mvp-comment-183-1 εἰπεῖν τι δέ (v. rr.) is unmeaning. τι as in θέλεις τι μεῖζον, infr. 497.

316. mvp-comment-184-1 καὶ νῦν with λέγεις.

317. mvp-comment-185-1 δάκνει; (1) Act. impersonal. Is the smart in your ears or in your mind? Cp Hdt. 7. 16. Or (2) 2nd pers. pass. Are you stung? (2) agrees better with τὴν ἐμὴν λ. in the following line.

318. mvp-comment-186-1 τί δαί; though not found elsewhere in Sophocles or Aeschylus, may be admitted on the authority uthority of of the MS, where it is so obviously in keeping. Cp. ὦ τἂν in Ο. Τ. 1145, Phil. 1387.

318. mvp-comment-186-2 ῥυθμίζεις .. ὅπου; Do you scan the whereabouts of my annoyance?

320. mvp-comment-187-1 λάλημα The reading is doubtful between ἄλημα, A clever rogue, and λάλημα, Α prating fellow. ἄλημα is better known, and was read by the Scholiast, but λάλημα is sufficiently supported by Eur. Andromache 937, τούσδε Σειρήνων λόγους, | σοφῶν, πανούργων, ποικίλων λαλημάτων. And this word τίνεσθαι. fits more closely to the context of the present passage. 'Fie, tis too clear you are a born chatterbox. Then it is clear that I never did this deed. 323. What a pity that one who is opinionated should have a false opinion. For the subjunctive δοκῇ, cp. О. Т. 316, 317.

324. mvp-comment-188-1 κόμψευε . . δόξαν 'Ay do, refine now on the word "opinion."" This does not seem to be one of the cases where viv with the imperative mood should be changed to vuv, as there is a sufficient reason for the emphatic particle.

325. mvp-comment-189-1 ἐξερεῖτε You shall tell the world. Cp. Pind. Pyth. 2. 22, Ιξίονα φαντὶ ταῦτα βροτοῖς λέγειν ἐν πτερόεντι τροχῷ .. τὸν εὐεργέταν ἀγαναῖς ἀμοιβαῖς 332 ff. The chorus, in their first stasimon, express, in a veiled manner, their emotions at what has occurred. Not being able to say what they really think, that Creon's rash edict has already recoiled on his own family, they descant on the wonderful range of human enterprize, adding that where boldness and resource are combined with justice, they confer glory, but only bring ruin where they are subservient to wrong. The elders do not decide who in the present instance is the transgressor. The ode consists of two strophes and antistrophes, in which glyconic rhythms are mixed with lyrical dactyls, iambi, and trochees, in different proportions, the scheme being as follows:- ICC CC CI CICIC α'. } Iamb. Dact. Troch. Glycon. The two long syllables at the beginning of l. 8 of a form the transition from the dactyls to the trochees. There is a sensible change to a lighter and less simple movement at the beginning of β'. The resolved trochees in B' 5 mark a climax of feeling.

332-383. mvp-comment-190-1 Most wonderful of wondrous things is man, Who traverses the surging brine, And wearies mighty earth with yearly furrow. His craft ensnares the finny produce of the seas And taketh captive beast and bird. He compasseth a way to master the monster of the wilds, And brings under his yoke the horse with flowing mane And the never-wearied mountain bull. Selftaught in speech and thought and civil ways, And in providing shelter from the cold and rain, There is no end to his devices. Nothing but death ever finds him unprepared. Even diseases, not to be avoided, are escaped by him. Inventive beyond hope, he moveth now to evil, and again to good. When weaving with his wit the law of justice and piety He is exalted in the city, but outcast when he harbours wickedness for deeds of crime. May I never live with such an one, and may he never share my counsels. 332. Aesch. Cho. 585, πολλὰ μὲν γὰ τρέφει δεινὰ δειμάτων ἄχη,.. ἀλλ᾽ ὑπέρτολμον ἀνδρὸς φρόνημα τίς λέγοι; Troch. Iamb. Troch.

332-383. mvp-comment-190-2 δεινά = ' wonderful,' or mighty, is in transition from the earlier sense of fearful to the later sense of clever. Cp.

332-383. mvp-comment-190-3 ὀλοόφρων.

334. mvp-comment-191-1 τοῦτο This creature, man. The neuter continues the abstract notion from οὐδὲν .. δεινότερον, and is thus more impressive than the masculine would have been.

334. mvp-comment-191-2 πέραν Το the other side of.' Quite over. For the alliteration, which assists the emphasis, cp. El. 210.

335. mvp-comment-192-1 χειμερίῳ νότῳ Impelled by the stormy south-wind. Dative of cause. Essay on Language § 14. p. 21. 335-336. Traversing half-buried in the seething surge. For ὑπό with the dative in this sense, cp. О. С. 673, χλωραῖς ὑπὸ βάσσαις. Essay on Language § 19. p. 27.

336. mvp-comment-193-1 περιβρύχιος is probably active = Surging round, and contains an allusion to βρύχω, for which, cp. Aesch. Prom. 1082, βρυχία δ᾽ ἠχὼ παραμυκᾶται βροντής.

338. mvp-comment-194-1 ὑπερτάταν Supreme, as eldest and mother ofall. Solon, Fr. 36. 3, μεγίστη δαιμόνων Ὀλυμπίων | Γῆ. Cр. О. Т. 660, where the primacy for the occasion is similarly given to the sun. Schneidewin remarks that the assonance ἄφθιτον, ἀκαμάταν ἀποτρύεται, .. ἀρότρων helps to express the persistent industry of man. This ode is full of assonance and alliteration, and of correspondences such as ἀνεμόεν, μαχανόεν-παντόπορος, ἄπορος -ὑψίπολις, ἄπολις.

339. mvp-comment-195-1 ἀποτρύεται Wears out for his use (mid.) the still-unwearied Earth. The present implies that the process is never-ending. Even in the common operations of husbandry the old religion finds a ground for awe. The dactyls suit the thought of the continuous round of human labour, as those of the antistrophe express the movement of the steed. The two long syllables, ἱππει-, οὐρει-, at once check the flow of rhythm (as with a renewed feeling of wonder), and by their weight give impetus to the concluding trochees. Cp. Eur. Phoen. 1039-1040, 1063.4.

340. mvp-comment-196-1 ἰλλομένων ἀρότρων As the ploughs keep turning year after year. The force of ἴλλω is limited motion. Thus the shuttle might be said ἴλλεσθαι, because when it reaches either end of the loom it is driven back again. Precisely in the same way the ploughs are said ἴλλεσθαι, “To keep moving to and fro within certain bounds.' ἔτος εἰς ἔτος] i. e. δι' ἔτους εἰς ἔτος, "Through one year into the next,' the first ἔτος being the accusative of duration.

340. mvp-comment-196-2 ἱππείῳ γένει πολεύων Breaking the glebe by the strength of mules. πολεύειν = πολεῖν in Hes. Op. 460, ἔαρι πολεῖν· θέρεος δὲ νεωμένη οὔ σ᾽ ἀπατή- The masc. is more probable than the neuter, both because τοῦτο is re- σει. mote, and because ἀνήρ follows in the antistrophe.

340. mvp-comment-196-3 ἱππείῳ γένει i. e. Prole equarum. Schol. ταῖς ἡμιόνοις.

αἱ γάρ τε βοῶν προφερέστεραί εἰσιν ἐλκέμεναι νείοιο βαθείης πηκτὸν ἄροτρον.

Hom. Il. 10.352. Donaldson also compares Simon. Fr. 13 (Bergk.), χαίρετ' ἀελλοπόδων θύγατρες ἵππων.

343. mvp-comment-197-1 *κουφονόων Light-thoughted. This is Brunck's certain emendation, anticipated by the corrector of R. (Cp. v. rr. on l. 617.) Donaldson well says that as wings express the light-mindedness of light-mindedness is here made an epithet of the winged birds. But the word may further suggest the unsuspicious nature ('Despising the earth where cares abound') which makes them an easy prey. Cp. Plat. Tim. 91 D, τὸ δὲ τῶν ὀρνέων φῦλον . . ἐκ τῶν ἀκάκων ἀνδρῶν, κούφων δέ, κ.τ.λ.

345. mvp-comment-198-1 πόντου τ᾽ εἰναλίαν φύσιν The brood of ocean teeming in the seas. For φύσιν, see Essay on Language § 51. p. 96.

346. mvp-comment-199-1 σπείραισι δικτυοκλώστοις With meshy toils,' is to be joined with ἀμφιβαλὼν ἄγει. Nets (δίκτυα) were used in hunting and fowling, as well as in fishing. For ἄγειν in the sense of making captive, cp. Il. 9. 594, τέκνα δέ τ᾽ ἄλλοι ἄγουσι βαθυζώνους τε γυναῖκας.

346. mvp-comment-199-2 ἄγει suits well with the image of a captive enemy, which is kept up in the words φύλον and ἔθνη.

348. mvp-comment-200-1 περιφραδής By his excellent wit. The 1st strophe exhibits the boldness, the Ist antistrophe the cunning, of primitive man. The 2nd strophe and antistrophe describe the higher functions of civilized life. 349 ff. He not only subdues the animals, but makes them his servants.' In correcting this line, the dactylic metre is to be retained, which is hardly done in the conjj. ἀμφιλόφῳ ζυγῷ or ἀμφὶ λόφον ζυγοῖ. The words ἀμφίλοφον ζυγόν are sound both in meaning and rhythm. Brunck's conj. ὑπάξεται, supplying the preposition required by the Scholia, would be unexceptionable, if such a potential use of the future in an affirmative sentence could be defended. Blaydes' ὑπήγαγεν would be convincing if closer to the MSS. In favour of ἐπάξεται it may be urged that the repetition of the same word is in the manner of the ode, and that the figurative expression, he shall bring to his aid,' agrees with ἄγει, supr. 343. But besides the questionable future, the construction of the 2nd accus., sc. ἐπ᾿ ἀμφ. ζυγόν, is in this case dubious. ὑφέλκεται. . ζυγόν, compels to serve him in the yoke, may be suggested, although the verb ὑφέλκειν is not used elsewhere precisely in the sense required. Else qy. ἐφέλκεται?

352. mvp-comment-201-1 ἀκμῆτα is preferable to ἀδμῆτα, as the rarer word and as introducing a new and apposite idea. 353 ff. There is a natural progress in the thought. First, navigation and agriculture were mentioned as the arts of subduing the crude forces of nature; then the capture and domestication of animals. Now we come to the humanities and arts of life (the domestication of man himself), and lastly, in ἀντ. β', to moral or political good and evil.

354. mvp-comment-202-1 ἀνεμόεν φρόνημα Windswift thought; i. e. Thought which is viewless, free and nimble as the wind. Sophocles knew that the soul had been identified with the air. Cp. Plat. Phaedo, 96 Β, πότερον τὸ αἷμά ἐστιν ᾧ φρονοῦμεν, ἢ ὁ ἀήρ. ἢ τὸ πῦρ, κ.τ.λ. Schneidewin well compares Hom. Il. 15. 80, foll., ὡς δ᾽ ὅτ᾽ ἂν ἀΐξῃ νόος ἀνέρος, ὅς τ᾽ ἐπὶ πολλὴν | γαῖαν ἐληλουθὼς φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσι νοήσῃ | · ἔνθ εἴην ἢ ἔνθα, μενοινήπολλὰ | ὡς κραιπνῶς μεμανία διέπτατο πότνια Ἥρη. Wieseler's conj.

354. mvp-comment-202-2 κατ᾿ ἀν. φρ., adopted by Wolff, is surely unnecessary. Why should not man teach himself to think as well as to count? (See Plat. Rep. 7, p. 522.)

355-356. mvp-comment-203-1 ἀστυνόμους | ὀργάς is well explained by Seyffert, Urbium incolendarum studia. The disposition to inhabit cities. This seems more probable than The tempers of civic life. ἀστυνόμος ὀργή is the social impulse which draws men together to become inhabitants of the same town. comparison of Ar. Pol. 6. 8. 4, (ἑτέρα δ᾽ ἐπιμέλεια ταύτης ἐχομένη καὶ σύνεγγυς ἡ τῶν περὶ τὸ ἄστυ δημοσίων καὶ ἰδίων, ὅπως εὐκοσμία ῃ, καὶ τῶν πιπτόντων οἰκοδομημάτων καὶ ὁδῶν σωτηρία καὶ διόρθωσις, καὶ τῶν ὁρίων τῶν πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ὅπως ἀνεγκλήτως ἔχωσι, καὶ ὅσα τούτοις ἄλλα τῆς ἐπιμελείας ὁμοιότροπα, καλοῦσι δ' ἀστυνομίαν οἱ πλεῖστοι τὴν τοιαύτην ἀρχήν), suggests the conjecture ἀστυνόμους ἀρχάς (already made by Valckenaer), Administrative rule. V reads ὁρμάς, ср. О. Т. 337. Qy. ἀρετάς? Ср. 366. 355, foll. And to avoid the cleareyed influence of comfortless frosts, and the pelting of the pitiless rain.' διαίθρεια, sc. βέλη.

356. mvp-comment-204-1 ἐδιδάξατο He taught himself. For the directly reflexive middle, see Essay on Language § 31. p. 52. The origin of the arts was a favourite problem of the Sophists. Cp. Plato, Prot. 320 D, foll. It is here assumed that they were selftaught without Prometheus or other superhuman aid.

357. mvp-comment-205-1 Musgr. would read either διαίθρεια, or αἴθρεια with φρουρῶν for παρειρῶν in l. 367. G. Wolff reads αἴθρεια and πληρῶν. But the repetition of in ll. 3, 4, and 6 suits the composition of the strophe better than the introduction of the bacchius and cretic in l. 3. διαίθρεια, serene, while keeping up the alliteration, suits the context better than ὑπαίθρεια or ἐναίθρεια, in the open air. Join *διαίθρεια βέλη as well as δύσομβρα βέλη.

360. mvp-comment-206-1 παντοπόρος· ἄπορος This punctuation is justified by the corresponding line of the antistrophe, which cannot be pointed otherwise. παντοπόρος, sc. ὤν, is added, like περιφραδής ἀνήρ, supr. 347, to express the admiration excited by the preceding statements.

360-361. mvp-comment-207-1 οὐδὲν . . τὸ μέλλον] Cp. l. 728, μηδὲν τὸ μὴ δίκαιον. Essay on Language § 22. p. 36.

362. mvp-comment-208-1 οὐκ ἐπάξεται He shall not win. For a similar metaphorical use of ἐπάγεσθαι, where, however, the reading has also been questioned, cp. Thuc. 3.10, τὴν τῶν ξυμμάχων δούλωσιν ἐπαγομένους.

364. mvp-comment-209-1 νόσων δ᾽ ἀμηχάνων φυγὰς | ξυμπέφρασται He hath gathered to him by his thought a remedy for many an unavoidable disease. ξυμ- marks that the healing art is a collective monument of human skill. πέφρασται recalls the notion of περιφραδής, supr. 347. For the oxymoron, cp. supr. 340, ἀκαμάταν ἀποτρύεται.

365-366. mvp-comment-210-1 His power of artful contrivance is a miracle of unimaginable skill, wherewith he followeth one while an evil purpose, at other times a good one.' τέχνας is added as genitive of respect to complete the notion of τὸ μηχανόεν. ὑπὲρ ἐλπίδα, beyond what could have been hoped for, or expected before the event. τι marks the indefiniteness of σοφόν as the predicate. It is in agreement with σοφόν, but has the effect of a particle or adverb (πως).

366. mvp-comment-211-1 κακόν, . . ἐπ᾿ ἐσθλόν Cp. О. Т. 761, ἀγρούς σφε πέμψαι κἀπὶ ποιμνίων νομάς.

367. mvp-comment-212-1 νόμους παρείρων χθονός When he knits therewith, sc. τῷ μηχανόεντι τῆς τέχνης καὶ σοφῷ, the laws of his land and the oath-observing righteousness of heaven. It is objected to παρείρων that it elsewhere means Inserting incidentally, or by the way, and that such a meaning is unsuitable here. But, as Seyffert has already shown, the word (which is a rare one) may quite well mean Weaving in,' like gold-leaf, for instance, into a chaplet of flowers. Cp. Plat. Legg. 605 D, καὶ τὸν τοῦ Κύρου δασμὸν ὃν ὑπέσχετο Πέρσαις εἰς τὸν νόμον ἐνέδει. Conjectural emendations are γεραίρων, περαίνων, γὰρ αἴρων, τ᾿ ἀείρων, πληρῶν (see v. rr., and note on 357).

370. mvp-comment-213-1 ὑψίπολις For this compound, cp. ἡδύπολις, ὀρθόπολις, μεγιστόπολις, δικαιόπολις. The construction is elliptical, sc. ὑψίπολις ὧν or ἐστί.

370. mvp-comment-213-2 ἄπολις . . χάριν] He is outcast from the state, who harbours evil for the indulgence of crime. Cp. supr. l. 30, πρὸς χάριν βορâs: Plat. Phaedr. 241, χάριν πλησμονῆς. This is better than joining τόλμας χάριν with ἄπολις = He is an outcast for his boldness.

375. mvp-comment-214-1 ἴσον φρονῶν i. e. Of the same party in the state. For the expression, cp. Il. 15.50, ἶσον ἐμοὶ φρονέουσα.

376-378. mvp-comment-215-1 ἐς δαιμόνιον τέρας .. Ἀντιγόνην] I stand in doubt at this strange marvel, how to gainsay what I know, and say that this is not the maid Antigone. The resumption is suitable to the chorus' perturbed state of feeling. Seyffert's ἐς δαιμόνιον τέρας ἀμφινοῶν τότε, referring to the previous scene (1. 278), is without the directness and simplicity of these short anapaestic passages, in which the chorus announce the entrance of a new person on the stage. Cp. 526 ff., 626 ff.

378. mvp-comment-216-1 οὐκ εἶναι, not μὴ εἶναι, because the entrance of Antigone is a patent fact.

382. mvp-comment-217-1 *ἀπάγουσι Sc. εἰς κρίσιν.

385. mvp-comment-218-1 εἵλομεν The v. r. εἴδομεν is supported by infr. 404, 406, 423, and εἴλομεν, the reading of L, etc., may have been occasioned by καθελόντες in the nearer context. But see v. rr. on 655.

386. mvp-comment-219-1 ἐς δέον Cp. Ο. Τ. 1416, εἰς δέον πάρεστι. εἰς μέσον, which Seyffert has restored from L, although having the authority of the chief MS, is more like a MS. conjecture than eἰς δέον. The same may be said of ἐξέβην, as compared with προὔβην. Seyffert reads ξύμμετρ᾽ ἐξέβην τύχῃ.

388. mvp-comment-220-1 οὐδέν ἐστ᾿ ἀπώμοτον This γνώμη first occurs in the fragment of Archilochus about the eclipse (76 Bergk), χρημάτων ἄελπτον οὐδέν ἐστιν οὐδ᾽ ἀπώμοτον. Cp. Pind. Ol. 13. 83, παρ' ὅρκον καὶ παρ' ἐλπίδα κούφαν.

389. mvp-comment-221-1 ψεύδει .. γνώμην 'For second thoughts bely one's resolutions.' ου 390. ἄv belongs grammatically to the verb ἐξηύχουν, but in meaning rather modifies the infinitive.

391. mvp-comment-222-1 ταῖς .. τότε When my soul was shaken with the tempest of your former threatenings.᾿ ἀπειλαῖς is dative of the occasion or accompaniment, assisted by attraction. Essay on Language § 11. p. 18, с. Ср. 1. 691.

392. mvp-comment-223-1 ἐκτὸς καὶ παρ᾿ ἐλπίδας i. e.

392. mvp-comment-223-2 ἐκτὸς ἐλπίδος (supr. 1. 330) καὶ παρ᾿ ἐλπίδας.

393. mvp-comment-224-1 ἔοικεν.. μήκος οὐδέν Sc. οὐδὲν ἔοικε μήκος, i. e. εἰς τὸ μέγεθος, as the Scholiast says.

395. mvp-comment-225-1 καθευρέθη is not to be rejected because of the rarity of the compound. See Essay on Language p. 90. But the conjecture of Nauck, καθῃρέθη, is favoured by καθελόντες in l. 383.

398. mvp-comment-226-1 ὡς θέλεις In arresting Antigone the watchman has done not his own will but Creon's. Infr. 438. 399,

400. mvp-comment-227-1 ἐγὼ δ'. κακῶν But I have a full right to be "away and clear" from this bad business.

401. mvp-comment-228-1 This maiden! where, and how, did you arrest her?' The emphatic order of words expresses the profound astonishment of Creon. Essay on Language § 41. p. 77.

403. mvp-comment-229-1 λέγεις ὀρθῶς Do you say it with a clear mind? i. e. Have you your wits when you say this? CСр. О. Т. 528, ἐξ ὀμμάτων δ᾽ ὀρθῶν τε καὶ ὀρθῆς φρενός | κατηγορεῖτο τοὐπίκλημα τοῦτό μου;

404. mvp-comment-230-1 ὃν σὺ τόν The collocation of antecedent and relative is peculiar, and perhaps characteristic of the rustic emphasis of the Φύλαξ. See notes on supr. 238, 269, and cp. infr. 409.

406. mvp-comment-231-1 And how was she discovered, caught, and taken ?"

407. mvp-comment-232-1 τοιοῦτον (1) As you say: she was seen (1. 423), surprised (1.432), and caught (1.433). Or (2) As follows,' = τοιόνδε.

409-410. mvp-comment-233-1 τὸν | νέκυν Α remarkable instance of synapheia. Cp. 1. 238. Essay on Language § 21. p. 33. Supr. 238.

410. mvp-comment-234-1 μυδῶν Dank: referring rather to the state of the corpse (cp. 412) than to the remains of the libation, which would be soon dried by the sun.

410. mvp-comment-234-2 εὐ Carefully. For the order, see Essay on Language p. 78, and cp. О. Т. 308, μαθόντες εὖ.

411. mvp-comment-235-1 We sat just below the top of the rising ground, in the lee of the wind, so escaping the incidence of the odour from the dead. Supposing the corpse to be exposed on a slope of the high ground, surrounded by hillocks, they would select a point of observation on the lee-side of one of these hillocks, and to the windward of the corpse, which they would have full in view.

411. mvp-comment-235-2 ἐκ = On this side of and looking from. Essay on Language § 19. p. 27. Infr. 1110, εἰς ἐπόψιον τόπον : 1197, πεδίον ἐπ᾿ ἄκρον. πικρᾶς] ι in erasure of v? by recent hand Vat.

412. mvp-comment-236-1 This line is not necessarily connected with the preceding: i.e. They may be supposed to select a spot, (1) out of the wind, (2) out of the way of the smell. But the explanation above given (411 note) is more probable. In either case the point is that in attending to their watch they were mightily careful of their own comfort.

412. mvp-comment-236-2 βάλῃ Changed by Stephanusto βάλοι, because of the past time and the optative following. But the subj. is more vivid.

413-414. mvp-comment-237-1 Rousing each his fellow with noisy altercation, reviling him who should take this labour easily. εἴ τις, κ.τ.λ. depends on the verbal notion implied in κακοῖσιν = κακῶς λέγοντες.

413-414. mvp-comment-237-2 ἀφειδεῖν, ‘Το be unsparing, and so To be negligent, To treat lightly, To act without circumspection. For an approach to this meaning, cp. Thuc. 4.26 § 7. Bonitz conj. ἀκηδήσοι.

415-417. mvp-comment-238-1 This lasted till the sun had reached his station in mid-sky with unclouded splendour, and the heat was glowing.' Cp. the Homeric ὄφρα μὲν ἠέλιος μέσον οὐρανὸν ἀμφιβεβήκει.

417. mvp-comment-239-1 When suddenly from the earth the Storm-god raised a squall, that saddened all the sky, and filled the plain, tearing the tresses of the orchard groves, and the wide heaven was choked withal.' The chief discomfort of such a visitation would be the cloud of dust, forcing men to close their eyes, and wrapping even near objects from sight. The watchman is explaining why they lost sight of the corpse. The poet also provides a motive for the act by which Antigone is betrayed. She fears that the corpse, lying in an exposed situation, may have been disturbed by the violence of the wind.

418. mvp-comment-240-1 οὐράνιον ἄχος may mean either (1) A trouble from the sky, or (2) A trouble reaching to the sky. The latter is best, as the word χθονός indicates that the whirlwind seemed to rise out of the ground.

420. mvp-comment-241-1 ἐν δ' See Essay on Language p. 26. § 18, a.

421. mvp-comment-242-1 μύσαντες .. νόσον Closing lips and eyes, we endured the Divine visitation.

422. mvp-comment-243-1 ἐν χρόνῳ μακρῷ After lasting a long while: giving time for Antigone to come out of her concealment, with the libation ready. 423, foll. κἀνακωκύει] ‘And raises a shrill wailing cry, like the voice of the despairing bird. For the descriptive genitive, see Essay on Language § 9. p. 12.

422. mvp-comment-243-2 πικρᾶς Embittered, 'Full of bitterness: the quality of the object is transferred to the subject: i.e. πικρᾶς, ἅτε πασχούσης πικρά. Also the bitterness of anger is joined to that of grief. Cp. the Latin dolor. For the genitive, cp. Trach. 768, ὥστε τέκτονοs. And for the omission of ὡs, which is supplied in the following clause, cp. supr. 114, λευκῆς χιόνος πτέρυγι στεγανός. G. Wolff reads ὅ. δ. φθόγγον ὥς, ὅταν κ. But this yields a less probable rhythm.

424-425. mvp-comment-244-1 As when it sees robbed of its young ones the desolated couch of its nest. For the pleonasm, see Essay on Language § 40. p. 75.

426. mvp-comment-245-1 οὕτω δέ The apodosis is resumed, as so often happens after a comparison. Essay on Language p. 75. Cp. Aesch. Cho. 252.

427. mvp-comment-246-1 γόοισιν Essay on Language p. 75.

427. mvp-comment-246-2 ἐκ δ᾽.. ἠρᾶτο Essay on Language § 18. p. 27.

430. mvp-comment-247-1 ἄρδην.. στέφει Slightly condensed from ἄρδην ἔχουσα στέφει. στέφει, She decorates, Honours. Metaphorical, as in Od. 8. 170, ἀλλὰ θεὸς μορφὴν ἔπεσι στέφει. Cp. καταστέφειν in Eur. Phoen. 1632, and Sophron ap. Athen. 479 B. She leaves out no jot of the ceremony: ὡς οὐδὲν ὑφιεμένη τῷ κρηύγματι.

431. mvp-comment-248-1 Od. 11. 26, ἀμφ᾿ αὐτῷ δὲ χοὰς χέομεν πᾶσιν νεκύεσσι, | πρῶτα μελικρήτῳ, μετέπειτα δὲ ἡδέϊ οἴνῳ, | τὸ τρίτον αὐθ᾽ ὕδατι.

432. mvp-comment-249-1 σὺν δέ νιν | θηρώμεθ' For this tmesis, see Essay on Language § 18. p. 26. συν as in συλλαμβάνω.

435. mvp-comment-250-1 Cp. Hdt. 3. 66, ἔξαρνος ἦν μὴ μὲν ἀποκτεῖναι Σμέρδιν: 3. 99, ἄπαρνός ἐστι μὴ μὲν νοσέειν.

436. mvp-comment-251-1 ἀλλ᾽.. ἅμα ἀλλά is to be explained as pointing the antithesis after the negative. Her attitude was not that of denial, but one to me at least pleasant and painful as well. The adverb modifies a word which is to be supplied from καθίστατο. ἡδέως ἐμοί, i. e. ὥστε ἐμὲ ἥδεσθαι, Essay on Language § 24. p. 40. There is a certain point in this which is lost in the emendation of Dindorf, ἅμ᾽ ἡδέως, in which, however, the repetition of ἅμα may be defended from Plat. Gorg. 497 Α, ἅμα διψῶν τε ἕκαστος ἡμῶν πέπαυται καὶ ἅμα ἡδόμενος διὰ τοῦ πίνειν. Schneidewin quotes also Gorg. 496 C, ὧν ἅμα τε ἀπαλλάττεται ἄνθρωπος καὶ ἅμα ἔχει, which is not really parallel.

439-440. mvp-comment-252-1 ἀλλὰ .. σωτηρίας (1) But all these things are to me by nature less important to obtain than my own safety. λαβεῖν epexegetic, like ἔχειν in Ο. Τ. 592, τυραννὶς ἡδίων ἔχειν. Cp. inf. 638, μείζων φέρεσθαι: Εl. 1015-1016, προνοίας οὐδὲν ἀνθρώποις ἔφυ | κέρδος λαβεῖν ἄμειvov. Or, possibly, (2) It is in my nature to take less account of all this than of my own safety. For the meaning thus given to ἐμοὶ πέφυκ cp. Εl. 860, πᾶσι θνατοῖς ἔφυ μύρος. And for λαβεῖν = To weigh or estimate, cp. Thuc. 2. 42, § 5, τὴν δὲ τῶν ἐναντίων τιμωρίαν ποθεινοτέραν αὐτῶν λαβόντες.

441. mvp-comment-253-1 For σὲ δή, sc. λέγω, cp. Aesch. Prom. 944, σὲ τὸν σοφιστήν, κ.τ.λ.: Soph. El. 1445, σε τοι, σὲ κρίνω, κ.τ.λ.: Eur. Hel. 546. And for ἐς πέδον κάρα νεύειν, cp. supr. 269.

441. mvp-comment-253-2 Creon misinterprets the action of Antigone. She fixes her eyes upon the ground, not from fear or shame, but because she is out of sympathy with all present, and her thoughts are in the other world. The hidden fire flashes out in ll. 450, foll., which are certainly not spoken with averted eyes. Cp. Ο. Τ. 1121.

442. mvp-comment-254-1 καταρνεῖ The unusual compound, introduced, perhaps, partly for the sake of metre, has also a special sense of blame. Cp. καταμελέω, καταξιόω, καταπειλέω, καταπροδίδωμι, καταργυρόω, κατασπείρω, κατασχολάζω.

445. mvp-comment-255-1 Free and exempt from grievous imputation.

446. mvp-comment-256-1 μήκος Adverbial, cp. O. С. 92, κέρδη μὲν οἰκήσαντα τοῖς δεδεγμένοις.

446. mvp-comment-256-2 'Tell us, no long tale, but briefly, knew you of the edict that forbade this deed? I knew; 'twas plain enough. How could I fail to know? And were you, then, so hardy as to transgress our law? That edict came not to me from the mouth of Zeus, nor from the Right, whose throne is with the Gods below. They also have appointed unto men a law. Methought your edict could not so prevail, as that a mortal should overleap the silent irrefragable ordinances of heaven. Their life is not of to-day or yesterday. They are eternal. None knoweth of a time when they began. I feared not so the mind of any man, as to incur before the Gods the penalty of that law. I knew, forsooth, without your edict, that I was to die. And if I am to die before the time, I count it gain. For he must surely gain by death who lives, as I do, midst abounding woes. And so for me to meet this doom is a grief I reck not of. If I had borne to leave unburied the corpse, fallen in carnage, of my mother's son, that had been a grief to me, but this is no grief. And if I seem to you to be now doing foolishly, it comes to this;-I am condemned of folly by a fool.'

447. mvp-comment-257-1 τὰ κηρυχθέντα The proclamation made. Cobet's conjecture ᾔδησθα κηρυχθέντα (Νov. Lect. 1858. p. 215), while restoring the recognised Attic form, is unobjectionable in point of syntax. But the use of the article in pointing to his own decree is characteristic of Creon, and if ἠείδης is retained in the Iliad, 22. 280, why not ᾔδης in Tragedy?

449. mvp-comment-258-1 καὶ δῆτα And then. Cp. Plat. Theaet. 142 C, καὶ δῆτα προπέμψας αὐτόν, ἀπιὼν πάλιν, κ.τ.λ.

449. mvp-comment-258-2 τούσδε . . νόμους These laws, i. e. The laws whose majesty is vested in me. For this use of the demonstrative, see Essay on Language § 22. p. 34.

450. mvp-comment-259-1 I obeyed no decree of yesterday, but the eternal law. That cannot be annulled by any enactment of a mere man. It may be that I shall die for what I have done. But it needed not your proclamation to tell me that I must die. And to die before the term appointed me is to lose so much of sorrow.

451. mvp-comment-260-1 For the mythological fancy, cp. О. С. 1381-1382, εἴπερ ἐστὶν ἡ παλαίφατος | Δίκη ξύνεδρος Ζηνὸς ἀρχαίοις νόμοις.

452. mvp-comment-261-1 This line is rightly explained by the Scholiast and Donaldson, Ἡ δίκη, φησί, καὶ ὁ Ζεὺς ὥρισαν ὥστε θάπτεσθαι τοὺς νεκρούς.. θέλει δὲ εἰπεῖν ὅτι ἀπὸ τῆς φύσεως δίκαιον ἤγημαι θάπτειν τὸν ἀδελφόν. (Schol.) She replies, that she did not consider his proclamations as emanating from Zeus, the supreme God, or from that justice which regulated the rights of the dead, who, she says, have established these laws, namely, the laws of sepulture, which do not need any enactment, but have their ὅροι set up in the human heart. (Donaldson.) The iteration of τούσδε, in contrasting the law which she obeyed with the edict of Creon, is dramatically appropriate, and there is no difficulty in the vague use of the demonstrative. See Essay on Language § 22. p. 34. Cp. Od. 10. 326, τάδε φάρμακα.

454. mvp-comment-262-1 ἄγραπτα κἀσφαλῆ Unwritten and sure. Ср. О. Т. 865 ff., and note. ἀσφαλῆ is not only Never failing to apply, but also Never failing to vindicate their authority. Cp. II. 456 ff.

455. mvp-comment-263-1 θνητὸν ὄντα Sc. σέ, understood from τὰ σὰ κηρύγματα. That a mortal man should run beyond the silent irrefragable ordinances of the Gods. Cp. Eur. Ion 973, καὶ πῶς τὰ κρείσσω θνητός οὖσ᾽ ὑπερδράμω; Ο.Τ. 476-482

456. mvp-comment-264-1 νῦν .. κἀχθές To-day or yes- terday. The particle γε, ay, serves to connect the sentences, and τε is unnecessary, as appears from the similar expression, χθὲς καὶ πρώην, in Plat. Legg. 3. 677 D.

456. mvp-comment-264-2 ἀεί ποτε means Everlastingly, without any clear distinction of past or future. πότε gives the effect of indefiniteness or infinity.

457. mvp-comment-265-1 ζῇ Are in force. Cр. О. Т. 481, ἀεὶ ζῶντα περιποτᾶται.

457. mvp-comment-265-2 ἐξ ὅτου 'φάνη Since when they came into being. Cp. Tr. 1, λόγος ..

457. mvp-comment-265-3 ἀρχαῖος φανείς.

458-459. mvp-comment-266-1 τούτων.. τὴν δίκην The penalty to be exacted in vindication of these. The Gods might be said δίκην ἐπιτιθέναι τῶν παραβαθέντων νόμων, although the word in the genitive after δίκη more frequently signifies the offence for which punishment is awarded. Cp. infr. 1074, τούτων σε λωβητῆρες ὑστεροφθόροι, κ.τ.λ.

458-459. mvp-comment-266-2 ἀνδρός Of a mere man. Cp. O. C. 567, ἔξοιδ᾽ ἀνὴρ ὤν. 461 ff. Shak. Julius Caesar, 3. 1, 'Bru. That we shall die, we know; 'tis but the time | And drawing days out, that men stand upon. | Cass. Why, he that cuts off twenty years of life | Cuts off so many years of fearing death. | Bru. Grant that, and then is death a benefit: | So are we Caesar's friends, that have abridged His time of fearing death.'

458-459. mvp-comment-266-3 τοῦ χρόνου, sc. ἐν ᾧ μ᾿ ἐχρῆν θανεῖν.

462. mvp-comment-267-1 κέρδος αὔτ᾽ ἐγὼ λέγω αὔτ᾽, i. e. αὐτό, although not necessary to the construction, as appears from Plat. Apol. 40 Ε., κέρδος ἔγωγε λέγω, is better here than αὖτe, which weakens κέρδος.

463. mvp-comment-268-1 ὡς ἐγώ Supr. ll. 4-6.

466. mvp-comment-269-1 παρ᾿ οὐδὲν ἄλγος Is a grief of no account. Cp. supr. 35.

466. mvp-comment-269-2 ἐμῆς Meineke conj. ἐκ μιᾶs, Seyffert ὁμῆς, unnecessarily. The emphatic use of ἐμós is frequent in Sophocles.

467. mvp-comment-270-1 ἄθαπτον *ἠνσχόμην ἠνσχόμην (1) may be defended by the analogy of the syncopated ἀνσχήσεσθαι, ἄνσχεο, in Epic Greek. Otherwise (2) νέκυν may be cancelled as a gloss, and ἄθαπτον *ὄντ᾿ ἠνεσχόμην read, according to the conj. of Prof. E. L. Lushington. Or (3) ἐσχόμην may be read in the sense of ἠνεσχόμην. Ε. on L. § 55, 4. p. 101. But this is doubtful.

470. mvp-comment-271-1 μώρῳ i.e. One whose judgment is self-condemned, because opposed to the eternal laws. The word is not prompted by mere petulance, but is uttered with profound conviction.

471. mvp-comment-272-1 'The maiden's lineage declares itself in the fierce vein that comes to her from her fierce sire.' Phil. 1045-1046.

472. mvp-comment-273-1 ἐπίσταται Sc. ἡ παῖς.

473. mvp-comment-274-1 σκληρά Unbending, and so Stubborn, Obstinate.

473. mvp-comment-274-2 The self-will of Creon appears with increasing distinctness. (1) He asserts his confidence in the use of power to suppress insubordination. (2) He speaks of his ward, whom he does not care to name, as in the place of a slave (479): (3) he implies that to cede an inch of authority is to give the sovereignty to another (485). (4) He throws the tie of kindred to the winds. The first words of his speech are ominous of his own doom. See Introduction.

475. mvp-comment-275-1 ὀπτὸν .. περισκελή Baked to exceeding hardness. Cp. Aj. 649, καὶ περισκελεῖς φρένες.

476. mvp-comment-276-1 θραυσθέντα καὶ ῥαγέντα Broken and shattered. The strongest word is put first in the Greek. Essay on Language § 41. p.77.

477. mvp-comment-277-1 σμικρῷ has a strong emphasis. Ibid.

478. mvp-comment-278-1 ἐκπέλει Hesych. ἐκπέλει, ἔξεστι. Hdt. uses ἐκγίνεσθαι in a similar sense. See Essay on Language § 55. p. 101.

479. mvp-comment-279-1 δοῦλος Creon shows his coarsely tyrannical spirit by boasting of his absolute power over his orphan relative.

481. mvp-comment-280-1 Cp. Hdt. 3. 83, νόμους οὐκ ὑπερβαίνουσα τοὺς Περσέων.

484. mvp-comment-281-1 Cp. Eur. I. Α. 952 ff., ἢ Σίπυλος ἔσται πόλις, ὅρισμα βαρβάρων, κ.τ.λ.

485. mvp-comment-282-1 If this authority is to be allowed to rest with her unchallenged. By an exaggeration of feeling like that in l. 208, he thinks that to pardon disobedience is to yield authority to the offender. For κείσεται, cp. El. 361, σοὶ δὲ πλουσία | τράπεζα κείσθω: ἀνάκειμαι in Hdt. 1.97, γνοὺς ὁ Δηϊόκης ἐς ἑωυτὸν πᾶν ἀνακείμενον.

485. mvp-comment-282-2 κράτη, as in l. 173, ἐγὼ κράτη δὴ πάντα καὶ θρόνους ἔχω.

486. mvp-comment-283-1 ὁμαιμονεστέρα is the more rational and stronger reading: although in weighing a hyperbolical expression of this kind, that is perhaps hardly a sufficient argument, and may be urged on the other side as accounting for the alteration of the MS.

487. mvp-comment-284-1 τοῦ παντὸς.. Ζηνὸς ἐρκείου i.e. Our whole family, the presiding numen being put for the thing held sacred.

489. mvp-comment-285-1 μόρου For the genitive with ἀλύξετον, cp. Phil. 1044, τῆς νόσου πεφευγέναι.

489. mvp-comment-285-2 ἴσον is probably to be construed both with ἐπαιτιῶμαι and βουλεύσαι (‘I accuse equally of plotting equally'), and τοῦδε τάφου is partly gen. after ἐπαιτιῶμαι, partly after ἴσον.

491. mvp-comment-286-1 ἀρτίως Viz. after l. 331, when Ismene knew that the deed was done, and, alone of those in the palace, knew also by whom.

493-494. mvp-comment-287-1 And it commonly happens that the spirit of those who are plotting some utter wickedness in secret is convicted of its occulted guilt before the act.

493. mvp-comment-288-1 ᾑρῆσθαι κλοπεύς Το be arrested in some stealthy enterprise. The perfect tense marks that the detection is completed before the purpose is carried into effect. Cp. πεπραγμένα .. ἡμαρτημένα, in O. T. 621.

495. mvp-comment-289-1 Yet I hate it equally when one who is caught in actual mischief tries to make a virtue of the offence.

495. mvp-comment-289-2 ἐν κακοῖσι = In trouble, i. e. In crime, and not merely, like Ismene, in the consciousness of crime. Cp. Fr. 843, αἰδὼς γὰρ ἐν κακοῖσιν οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ.

496. mvp-comment-290-1 καλλύνειν Creon affects to regard Antigone's appeal to the higher law as a piece of hypocrisy. Cp. Fr. 845

496. mvp-comment-290-2 κλέπτων δ᾽ ὅταν τις ἐμφανῶς ἐφευρεθῇ, | σιγᾶν ἀνάγκη, κἂν καλὸν φέρῃ στόμα.

497. mvp-comment-291-1 Cp. Eur. Phoen. 1211.

500. mvp-comment-292-1 μηδ' ἀρεσθείη Sc. μηδὲν τῶν σῶν λόγων.

501. mvp-comment-293-1 ἔφυ Are by nature, and so cannot fail to be.

505. mvp-comment-294-1 λέγοιτ' ἄν For the passive, see Essay on Language § 31. P. 54 *ἐγκλείσαι] Cp. supr. 1. 180. Dindorf's correction (with εί for ῄ) is retained in preference to ἐγκλείοι. The future optative is clearly wrong.

506-507. mvp-comment-295-1 These two lines have been considered spurious. But their scornful tone may be compared with supr. 469-470.

509. mvp-comment-296-1 ὑπίλλουσι ἴλλειν (cp. supr. 340) is To move within bounds, or To limit motion. So here, 'They move their lips under your restraint; i. e. They curb their speech under your will.

510. mvp-comment-297-1 τῶνδε .. φρονεῖς; If you hold a course divergent from theirs. Cp. supr. 375, μήτ᾽ ἴσον φρονῶν.

512. mvp-comment-298-1 καταντίον In opposition to him.

514. mvp-comment-299-1 Why then do you honour a service which involves impiety to him? Honour, i. e. By zealously performing it.

515. mvp-comment-300-1 ὁ κατθανών νέκυς Eteocles.

516. mvp-comment-301-1 i. e. If you honour the impious one equally with him.

517. mvp-comment-302-1 For the omission of the participle, see Essay on Language § 23. p. 38.

519. mvp-comment-303-1 τοὺς νόμους τούτους Cp. supr. 452.

519. mvp-comment-303-2 ἴσους, the reading of the corrector of L, rather injures the line by dividing the emphasis, which rests entirely on ὅμως. Essay on Language § 41. p. 76 (4).

520. mvp-comment-304-1 ἴσος Of equal right. ἴσos has the construction of ἄξιος or δίκαιος. Essay on Language § 36. p. 64.

521. mvp-comment-305-1 Who can tell if this be not esteemed pious in the under-world? τάδε, this, which you count impious, the burial of Polynices. Schol., τίς οἶδεν εἰ καθ' Ἅιδου ἀλλήλοις διαλλάσσοντες ἡγοῦνται εὐσεβῆ τάδε. τίς οἶδεν εἰ, like Haud scio an in Latin, suggests an affirmative as possible, as in the lines τίς οἶδεν εἰ τὸ ζῆν μὲν ἐστι κατθανεῖν | τὸ κατθανεῖν δὲ ζῆν; κάτωθεν, see v. rr., is possibly right.

522-523. mvp-comment-306-1 Creon means that Eteocles must still hate Polynices after death. To which Antigone rejoins, in the line which expresses what is deepest in her, If it be so, his hatred is no rule for me. Creon sees that further argument is useless, and breaks off impatiently with an abrupt sentence of death.

524-525. mvp-comment-307-1 Go, then, to your grave, and there, if you must love them, love the dead below! κείνους, sc. τοὺς κάτω, with particular reference to Polynices.

526-530. mvp-comment-308-1 Here comes Ismene forth, shedding sisterly tears; from clouds above her brow, that moisten her fair cheek, doing disgrace unto her flushed countenance. Cp. Sh Shakespeare, Midsummer Night's Dream, 1. 1, Lys. Why is your cheek so pale? | How chance the roses there do fade so fast? | Herm. Belike, for want of rain, which I could well | Beteem them from the tempest of mine eyes. Ant. and Cleo. 3. 2. 52. Il. 17. 591, ἄχεος νεφέλη: Eur. Hipp. 173, ὀφρύων νέφος: Aesch. Prom. 144-145, ὀμίχλα .. πλήρης δακρύων.

527. mvp-comment-309-1 δάκρυ᾽ εἰβομένη is the Triclinian reading for δάκρυα λειβόμενα. δάκρυ λειβομένη has been conjectured. But the construction, with φιλάδελφα adverbial, is less simple and therefore less pathetic. δάκρυα εἰβομένη is read in M³.

529. mvp-comment-310-1 ῥέθος Eur. Η. F. 1204, πάρες ἀπ᾿ ὀμμάτων | πέπλον . . ῥέθος ἀελίῳ δεῖξον.

531. mvp-comment-311-1 ὡς ἔχιδν᾽ ὑφειμένη Having slid in secretly like a snake; i.e. Like a serpent lurking. For the feeling associated with ὑφίημι, cp. Ο. Τ. 387, ὑφεὶς μάγον τοιόνδε μηχανορράφον.

532. mvp-comment-312-1 ἐξέπινες Cp. Tr. 1055-1056, ῥοφεῖ ξυνοικοῦν· ἐκ δὲ χλωρὸν αἷμά μου | πέπωκεν ἤδη.

533. mvp-comment-313-1 ἄτα κἀπαναστάσεις Abstract for concrete. See Essay on Language p. 94.

533. mvp-comment-313-2 θρόνων, obj. gen. Ib. § 9. p. 12.

536. mvp-comment-314-1 εἴπερ ἥδ᾽ ὁμορροθεῖ The Scholiast has noticed the apparent absurdity of Ismene's adding this condition to her avowal; and Schneidewin alters the line το δέδρακα τοὔργον, εἴπερ ἥδ᾽· ὁμορροθῶ. But the inconsistency is touchingly significant of the irresolute character of Ismene, and of the ascendancy of Antigone's stern nature over hers.

537. mvp-comment-315-1 τῆς αἰτίας is directly governed by ξυμμετίσχω, the notion of participation being silently continued in καὶ φέρω. Cp. Aesch. Prom. 331, πάντων μετασχὼν καὶ τετολμηκὼς ἐμοί.

539. mvp-comment-316-1 οὔτ᾽ ἐγὼ 'κοινωσάμην Supr. 69.

541. mvp-comment-317-1 ξύμπλουν Essay on Language p. 94.

542. mvp-comment-318-1 Antigone's offering to the dead was made in solitude, and without the presence of the sun.

545. mvp-comment-319-1 ἁγνίσαι τιμῆσαι Schol. Ismene means, Though I shrank from the deed, let me share the glory of it by accepting the consequences.

546. mvp-comment-320-1 ἅ = ταῦτα ὧν. Essay on Language § 35. P. 59. μή, ibid. § 29. p. 48.

548. mvp-comment-321-1 τίς βίος i. e. πῶς ὁ βίος; See Essay on Language § 22. p. 36.

549. mvp-comment-322-1 'Ask Creon. He has your care and duty;' i.e. Creon is more to you than your brother is.

551. mvp-comment-323-1 εἰ γέλωτ᾽ ἔν σοι γελῶ Schneidewin's explanation of this line, It is painful to me to be mocking you, my sister, is out of harmony with the tone of Antigone, although it is true that in this line her bitterness is somewhat softened. Either δή, κεἰ must be read, or εἰ explained as = κεἰ. I have grief enough, I assure you, though I laugh a bitter laugh at thee. Cp. 728, εἰ δ' ἐγὼ νέος = Though I am young: Eur. Or. 484, εἰ δὲ δυστυχεῖ, τιμητέος. See Essay on Language § 28. p. 47.

552. mvp-comment-324-1 ἀλλὰ νῦν Essay on Language § 26. p. 43. Par. E suggests ἐπωφελοῖμ᾽.

554. mvp-comment-325-1 κἀμπλάκω i. e. ἢ σώσω ἐμαυτὴν καὶ ἀμπλάκω.

556. mvp-comment-326-1 ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ . . λόγοις But not without my saying what I said, was this choice made. Ismene would clear herself from the imputation of merely shrinking from the attempt through cowardice, or without laying before her sister the grounds of her own conduct, as she had done supr. 49 ff. She also wishes to remind Antigone of ll. 78, 99, which acquit her of indifference towards the dead. But Antigone only recalls the argument against opposing those in power. Wolff compares Eur. Ion 228, ἐπὶ δ' ἀσφάκτοις μήλοις μὴ πάριτε.

557. mvp-comment-327-1 Your counsel seemed wise to these' (Creon, etc., τοῖς ἐνθάδε), but mine to those (Polynices and the powers below, τοῖς ἐκεῖ). The form of the sentence is accommodated to the latter part of it. If the first part were fully expressed it would be ἐδόκεις ἄν. G. Wolff and Wecklein prefer the reading σὺ μὲν σοί. But the opposition of τοῖς μὲν, τοῖς δέ, is more pointed.

558. mvp-comment-328-1 (1) Ismene reiterates, still feebly, what she had asserted in 536-537. Or (2) 'We are both in equal error,'-you against the state, and I against the dead. The first (1) is best. In either case, Antigone rejoins, You need not trouble yourself to make confessions. You are safe.

559-560. mvp-comment-329-1 ἡ δ᾽ ἐμὴ.. ὠφελεῖν My soul has long been with the dead, to do them service. In these words Antigone may be supposed to say, either (1) From the moment when my resolution was taken, my life has been with the dead, devoted in sacrifice to their aid; cp. supr. 72 and note: or (2) I have long been dead to all the joys of life, and am therefore a fit sacrifice to the service of the dead. So Wecklein. Cp. Shak. Merch. of V. 4. 1, I am a tainted wether of the flock, etc. But the former meaning (1) is alone consistent with the betrothal of Antigone to Haemon.

562. mvp-comment-330-1 τὴν δ᾽.. ἔφυ We learn from this line, and from supr. 499-501, that there had never been much sympathy between Antigone and Creon.

563-564. mvp-comment-331-1 The unfortunate never retain even the reason that was born with them, but lose it in distraction. Ismene intends her excuse to cover Antigone.

564. mvp-comment-332-1 Creon echoes κακῶς πράσσουσιν. You lost your wits when you chose to share the guilt of the wicked. Cp. 536 ff., 558.

566. mvp-comment-333-1 Why, what life that deserves the name could be mine in loneliness apart from her?

567. mvp-comment-334-1 Say not "this maiden." She is no longer here. The word ἥδε remains in the nominative. This often happens when a word is quoted with the article; which, however, is elsewhere omitted in similar cases, as for instance when the word so quoted is the predicate of a sentence. Cp. Plato, Theaet. 164 Β, τὸ δέ γε οὐχ ὁρᾷ οὐκ ἐπίσταταί ἐστιν, εἴπερ καὶ τὸ ὁρᾷ ἐπίσταται, where ἐπίσταται is equally out of construction with ἥδε in this line.

568. mvp-comment-335-1 νυμφεῖα Essay on Language p. 94.

569. mvp-comment-336-1 Ср. О. Т. 1211, 1497-1498, foll.

570. mvp-comment-337-1 Not as their hearts were plighted. Literally, Not in such a way as harmony had been prepared between him and her. Cp. Pind. Pyth. 9.13, ξυνὸν ἁρμόζοισα θεῷ τε γάμον κούρᾳ θ' Ὑψέος εὐρυβία.

571. mvp-comment-338-1 The plural generalizes the expression.

571. mvp-comment-338-2 υἱέσι Dative of the person interested.

572. mvp-comment-339-1 *AN. The MSS. have ΙΣ. But Böckh has given strong reasons for following Aldus in assigning the line to Antigone. The last speech of Creon might well move her to break silence, which she does naturally by resenting the words not for herself, but for Haemon. There is also greater bitterness in this line than in any speech of Ismene. Then, granting that τὸ σὸν λέχος, addressed to Ismene, might mean The marriage you prate of, the words express a much deeper feeling as addressed to Antigone. Outwardly a mere expression of impatience, they convey the only touch of natural feeling which Creon betrays. 574 and 576 are then most naturally given to the chorus. The act of Creon in sacrificing his son's happiness is more solemnly marked when his words are addressed to the coryphaeus. While adhering to this view I am bound to add that some of the best critics prefer the other arrangement of the persons.

577. mvp-comment-340-1 καὶ σοί γε κάμοί Sc. δεδογ μένα: i. e. σὺ μὲν οὕτω δοκεῖς, ἐμοὶ δὲ δέδοκται. We are agreed so far.

577. mvp-comment-340-2 τριβάς Sc. ποιείσθε. Essay on Language §39. p. 74.

578. mvp-comment-341-1 'Henceforth these must be really women, and not left at large;' i. e. They must be treated as women. Cp. l. 484. This reading, although defaced in L, may well be defended against such would-be improvements as εὖ δὲ τάσδε χρὴ | γυναῖκας εἶλαι (Dind.), and εὖ δετὰς δὲ χρὴ | γυναῖκας εἶναι (Seyffert), which are to be condemned, amongst other reasons, for destroying the singleness of the emphasis. Creon, as usual, covers his self-will under the appearance of principle. Cp. Plat. Legg. 1.637, ταχὺ γάρ σου λάβοιτ᾽ ἄν τις τῶν παρ' ἡμῶν ἀμυνόμενος, δεικνὺς τὴν τῶν γυναικῶν παρ' ὑμῖν ἄνεσιν : Ar. Pol. 2. 6. The words indicate that Antigone's going beyond the gate, supr. 18, 19, was an exceptional freedom, consequent on the war. Thus Sophocles is contented with a hint, where Euripides thinks an explanation necessary: Phoen. 89-91.

582. mvp-comment-342-1 The fate of Antigone is sealed, and the chorus moralize over the power of fate and of Zeus, as shown in the continued calamities of the race of Labdacus, and the infatuation ('quem Deus vult perdere, prius dementat ') of Antigone. The spectator is left free to apply the same reflections to the case of Creon.

582. mvp-comment-342-2 'Calamity is like a storm that stirs the lowest depths and sounds afar. The race once touched is never free. Each generation as it rises is struck down.

582. mvp-comment-342-3 'The house of Labdacus has sorrow upon sorrow. Amidst the ruined grove one root was springing, only to be swept under by the cruel dues of Hades in a frenzy of infatuation.

582. mvp-comment-342-4 Who can restrain the power of Zeus? Unchecked by sleep or age he ever dwells in the light of Olympus. This was and shall be now and evermore, a truth that spareth not the lives of men, whom hope deceives, giving comfort indeed, but also inspiring passionate folly, till disappointment comes, before the man hath seen that he is treading on fire. Wise was he who said that evil seemeth good to one whom God is drawing to perdition. Few are the days of his exemption from that dark lot.

582. mvp-comment-342-5 The 1st strophe opens solemnly with three dactylo-epitritic or Doric lines, which are followed by iambic and trochaic rhythms. The 2nd strophe is logaoedic, with syncope of thesis in ll. 3, 5, 7, 11 a'. β'. ILCCICcl alcl- LullLCClcclcla 10101010 51-1 CLL下CICLI トCICICI CCICCICLI 1101007ID トトー CCCII 100II

582. mvp-comment-342-6 οἶσι .. αἰών Whose life is free from taste of misery. Blessed, because of the rarity of their lot, and because of the unsparing persistence of calamity when it comes to any. For κακῶν ἄγευστος, cp. Ο. Τ. 969, ἄψαυστος ἔγχους.

583. mvp-comment-343-1 θεόθεν The adverb of place supports the metaphor of a storm coming from a certain quarter. Cp. Aesch. Prom. 1089, ῥιπὴ Διόθεν.

583-584. mvp-comment-344-1 ἄτας | οὐδὲν ἐλλείπει Cp. l. 2, ff.

585. mvp-comment-345-1 ἔρπον The real subject of this is πᾶσα ἄτη (or τὸ πᾶν ἄτης) implied in the preceding words, the positive being educed from the negative. Calamity stints not, but goes on till it fulfils the number of the race.

586-589. mvp-comment-346-1 ὅμοιον.. πνοαῖς Like as when the billow courses over the darkening deep before fell Thracian blasts from the Euxine sea. Some interpreters make ἔρεβος subj, and οἶδμα obj. of ἐπιδράμῃ, when the darkening wave courses over the main. But οἶδμα elsewhere in Sophocles is not the expanse (aequor) but the swelling of the sea, and ἔρεβος ὕφαλον can hardly be anything else than the nether darkness of the deep. For the accumulation of adjectives, see Essay on Language § 23. p. 37. Seyffert reads ὡς προποντίδος. 589 ff. It rolls from depths below the black tempestuous drift. 591. And the cliffs, returning the shock, groaningly resound.'

586-589. mvp-comment-346-2 δυσάνεμον A sign of tempest, 'Associated with bad winds, because only seen when the wind has been blowing hard on shore. Ventorum vehementiorum comitem.' Musgr. 593, foll. From of old I see with pain' (ὁρῶμαι, ethical middle, Essay on Language § 31. p. 52) 'the calamities of the house of Labdacus accumulating on the calamities of those that are gone; nor does one generation free another, but some god casts them down; nor is there hope of redemption.'

586-589. mvp-comment-346-3 ἀρχαῖα has the stress as suppl. predicate. Essay on Language § 23. p. 38.

595. mvp-comment-347-1 The reading of this line has been much questioned, but the meaning is clear, although it is uncertain what word (whether φθιτῶν or some other) has been supplanted by the unmetrical φθιμένων: which may be due to a reminiscence of Aesch. Cho. 403. 4, παρὰ τῶν πρότερον φθιμένων ἄτην | ἑτέραν ἐπάγουσαν ἐπ᾿ ἄτῃ.

596. mvp-comment-348-1 γενεὰν γένος There is no distinction of meaning (such as One generation, .. 'The whole race'). Cp. O. C. 27, 28, ἐξοικήσιμος .. οἰκητός.

596. mvp-comment-348-2 ἐρείπει Sc. γενεὰν ἑκάστην. Cp. infra 601, κατ᾽ αὖ νιν, κ.τ.λ.

597. mvp-comment-349-1 οὐδ᾽ ἔχει Nor does the case admit of. Cp. Ο. C. 545, ἔχει δέ μοι ..

597. mvp-comment-349-2 πρὸς δίκας τι.

600. mvp-comment-350-1 ῥίζας Ἀντὶ τοῦ, ὅπερ ἔβλαστεν ἄνω τῆς ῥίζης, Schol. The root, for the plant.

600. mvp-comment-350-2 *ἐτέτατο The Scholiast notes the asyndeton (λείπει ἄρθρον τὸ ὅ): which is expressive and allows viv to be referred to ῥίζας, to which it naturally belongs. And in the reading ῥίζας δ τέτατο, the order of words is questionable. For ἐτέτατο φάος, cp. Phil. 831, αἴγλαν, ἃ τέταται τανῦν. The light is the grace and nobleness of Antigone, and her bright hopes. The conj. θάλος, for which, cp. Pind. Οl. 2. 45, Ἀδραστιδᾶν θάλος, is uncalled for.

601. mvp-comment-351-1 κατ' was rightly restored by Triclinius for κατ' (ⅰ.e. καὶ εἶτα), which had been introduced to avoid the asvndeton. (Schol. ἐάν στίξωμεν κᾷτ᾽ αὖ νιν, οὐδὲν λείπει τῷ λόγῳ.)

602-603. mvp-comment-352-1 ἀμᾷ θερίζει καὶ ἐκκόπτει. ἢ καλύπτει, Schol. The latter is right.

602-603. mvp-comment-352-2 Ας καταμᾶσθαι κόνιν is ‘Το cover oneself with dust,' so, by a poetical inversion, the dust may be said καταμᾶν, To cover, or Sweep out of sight. Essay on Language § 42. р. 80, β.

603. mvp-comment-353-1 λόγου τ᾽ ἄνοια καὶ φρενῶν Ἐριvús The reasoning of Antigone in 450 ff. seems wild to the chorus, and her conduct shows her to them as possessed with a fatal frenzy. It may be thought strange that κόνις should be retained against a reading which has been so generally ap- proved as κόπις, first suggested by Jortin. But see Essay on Language pp. 92, 93. The grotesque image of Death, or Hades, armed with a bloody chopper or cleaver, however agreeable to the manner of Euripides, or some other poets, has no parallel in the language of Sophocles. And the transition from this concrete imagery to the spirits of fury and madness is, to say the least, awkwardly abrupt. The words λόγου τ᾽ ἄνοια καὶ φρενῶν Ἐρινύς are most natural if they are added to expand an obscure allusion to the deed which had brought Antigone into danger. And the words φοινία θεῶν τῶν νερτέρων .. κόνις, The deadly dust sacred to the gods below, convey such an allusion not more obscurely than do the words in Tr. 836 ff., δεινοτάτῳ μὲν ὕδρας προστετακὼς φάσματι, κ.τ.λ., express the condition of Heracles in the poisoned robe. Triclinius was therefore not absurd in saying εἰκότως δὲ τὸ κόνις τέθειται. διότι γὰρ ἐκάλυψεν Ἀντιγόνη ἀδελφὸν Πολυνείκην κόνει, διὰ τοῦτο τεθνήξεσθαι ἔμελλε.

604. mvp-comment-354-1 This is suggested by the position of Antigone, whose offence brings swift retribution; but is felt by the spectator to be more applicable to that of Creon.

604-605. mvp-comment-355-1 τίς .. κατάσχοι Essay on Language §36. p. 62. Ср. O. T. 937, and esp. Pind. Οl. 11. 20, 1, ἐμφυὲς οὔτ᾽ αἴθων ἀλώπηξ | οὐδ᾽ ἐρίβρομοι λέοντες διαλλάξαιντο ἦθος.

606. mvp-comment-356-1 Not slumber that brings age to all things.' Cp. Hom. Il. 14. 242, where Sleep says, ἄλλον μέν κεν ἔγωγε θεῶν αἰειγενετάων | ῥεῖα κατευνήσαιμι, καὶ ἂν ποταμοῖο ῥέεθρα | Ὠκεανοῦ, ὅσπερ γένεσις πάντεσσι τέτυκται | Ζηνὸς δ' οὐκ ἂν ἔγωγε Κρονίονος ἆσσον ἱκοίμην, οὐδὲ κατευνήσαιμ᾽, ὅτε μὴ αὐτός γε κελεύοι. For αἱρεῖ, cp. Il. 24.5, οὐδέ μιν ὕπνος ἥρει πανδαμάτωρ: Od. 9. 372, κὰδ δέ μιν ὕπνος ἥρει πανδαμάτωρ. The conjecture of Bamberger, παντοθήρας, is plausible. But for the closeness of the association between Age and Sleep, cp. O. T. 870-871, οὐδὲ λάθα κατακοιμάσει .. οὐδὲ γηράσκει.

607-608. mvp-comment-357-1 The reading adopted involves the simplest change which avoids a breach of metrical rules. Others suppose, the loss of a syllable after θεῶν, reading ἄκοποι for ἀκάματοι, with ἕρπει in the fourth line of the antistrophe. For θεῶν added as a sort of epithet = Divine, cp. supra 454, 369: Ο. Τ. 647 : Αj. 711, θεῶν.. πάνθυτα θέσμια : Phil. 198: also Tr. 1191, Ζηνός. The indefiniteness of this use obviates the objection of Schneidewin, that the months of the Gods are opposed to Zeus, who is generally the orderer of time, as in Hom. Il. 2. 134, Διὸς μεγάλου ἐνιαυτοί. There is possibly, however, in θεῶν some allusion to the heavenly bodies, who, as Plato says, are the ὄργανα χρόνου.

608. mvp-comment-358-1 ἀγήρῳ δὲ χρόνῳ δυνάστας With power whose duration is untouched by age. For the personification of χρόνος, see Essay on Language pp. 81, 82. The reading ἀγήρως seems to be of some antiquity, and is embodied in one of the Scholia.

610. mvp-comment-359-1 αἴγλαν Cp. Hom. Il. 1. 532, ἀπ᾿ αἰγλήεντος Ὀλύμπου. The conception of Olympus is here more Homeric than elsewhere in Sophocles. See on O. T. 867, О. С. 1655.

611-612. mvp-comment-360-1 τό τ᾽ ἔπειτα καὶ τὸ μέλλον καὶ τὸ πρίν] Cp. Thuc. 2. 64, § 8.

613. mvp-comment-361-1 The reading οὐδὲν *ἕρπων is to some extent confirmed by the Scholium ση πάμπολις, ὁ κατὰ πᾶσαν πόλιν ἕρπων νόμος, and is the most probable of the emendations of this passage. It has been supposed that οὐδὲν ἔρπει, and also ἐκτὸς ἄτας, have crept in from below; but this stasimon is peculiarly full of verbal echoes. See Essay on Language § 44. p. 76. This principle' (the sovereignty of Zeus) will last the coming time, and the time to come, as well as the time past, never swerving, as it moves onwards, from calamity to the life of mortals in all their cities. Lit. Coming to the life of mortals (a law of every city) in no respect out of the way of calamity. οὐδέν, adverbial.

613. mvp-comment-361-2 βιότῳ, dat. of reference (Essay on Language § 12. p. 18). πάμπολις, universal, i.e. law not of any one state, but embracing all. For ἕρπων ἐκτὸς ἅτας θνατῶν βιότῳ, cp. infra l. 1318: ἐμᾶς.. ἐξ αἰτίας (= ἐκτὸς αἰτίας ἐμοί): Ο. C. 1575, ἐν καθαρῷ βῆναι .. τῷ ξένῳ: Essay on Language § 42. p. 79.

615. mvp-comment-362-1 πολύπλαγκτος There is no clear instance of an active use of πολύπλαγκτος, for in Hom. Il. 13. 308, έξ ἀνέμοιο πολυπλάγκτοιο ἰωῆς, The fartravelled wind, is a probable enough meaning. Cp. Shakespeare's Empty, vast, and wandering air. So here Widely roving' is better than Muchdeceiving.' Cp. infr. 785-786.

617. mvp-comment-363-1 ἀπάτα . . ἐρώτων ἐρώτων is not genitive of object, but of cause: not Disappointment of desire, but De ception through desire. To many, hope is but the deceitfulness of winged desire.

618. mvp-comment-364-1 εἰδότι δ᾽ οὐδὲν ἕρπει And it comes to him all at unaware, i. e. The event or calamity comes. For the vague subject, cp. supra 597, οὐδ᾽ ἔχει λύσιν, and note. This is better than Nothing befals him while he is aware. 619. Till his foot be scorched in the hot blaze.' For the insertion of τις in the second clause, cp. Aj. 964, τἀγαθὸν χεροῖν | ἔχοντες οὐκ ἴσασι πρίν τις ἐκ βάλῃ : Τr. 2, 3, ὡς οὐκ ἂν αἰῶν᾽ ἐκμάθοις βροτῶν, πρὶν ἂν θάνῃ τις. Seidler's conj. προσαύρῃ is less good than the reading of L.

620. mvp-comment-365-1 σοφίᾳ Dative of manner. Essay on Language § 14. p. 20, 2.

625. mvp-comment-366-1 πράσσει, SC. ὁ τοιοῦτος, supr. l. 619, τις, l. 623 , τῷδ'. Cp. Aesch. ap. Plat. Rep. 2, p. 380 Α, θεὸς μὲν αἰτίαν φύει βροτοῖς | ὅταν κακῶσαι δῶμα παμπήδην θέλει.

625. mvp-comment-366-2 ὀλιγοστόν ὀλίγιστον has been read, and is possibly the Ist hand of L; see v. rr. But ὀλιγοστός χρόνος may mean a time that is one of few, i. e. one that comes rarely or seldom. πολλοστός in Legg. 10. 896 B, is not small, but many times removed, and has the force of a superlative, as it has also in Phileb. 44 E, where it means minutest.

626-627. mvp-comment-367-1 See Essay on Language § 40. p. 75.

628. mvp-comment-368-1 νύμφης had probably been written over μελλογάμου or τάλιδος as a gloss. The words τῆς μελλογάμου νύμφης are omitted in VM¹. This whole expression may have been a gloss on τάλιδος, or on τῆς μελλονύμφου φου infr. 633.

629. mvp-comment-369-1 μόρον Ε. on L. § 16. p. 23.

630. mvp-comment-370-1 ἀπάτας (1) Gen. of cause; or (2) with ὑπερ. Cp. Eur. Hipp. 260.

631. mvp-comment-371-1 μαντέων ὑπέρτερον Better than a seer could tell us. Creon thus vents his impatience at the anticipation of the chorus, and also indicates his scorn of prophecy. Cp. infr. 1034 ff.

632. mvp-comment-372-1 τελείαν ψήφον The fixed, irreversible, decree. Creon means by his first words to exclude hope.

632. mvp-comment-372-2 ἆρα μή Can it be that.., expressing doubt mingled with surprise.

633. mvp-comment-373-1 τῆς μελλονύμφου Objective genitive. Essay on Language § 9. p. 12.

633. mvp-comment-373-2 λυσσαίνων · Madly raging; as if opposition to a father could only be accounted for by madness. The word is ἅπαξ λεγόμενον, and is for this reason preferable to the weaker θυμαίνων.

634. mvp-comment-374-1 σοὶ μέν i.e. Whatever we may be to others.

635-765. mvp-comment-375-1 Haemon professes obedience to his father, but with the implied condition that his father commands what is right. Not heeding this, Creon welcomes his general profession, and enlarges on the blessings that follow from obedience in public and private. He urges Haemon to renounce Antigone. Haemon replies by repeating the praise of her which he has heard in the city (Ar. Rhet. 3. 17, ἕτερον χρὴ λέγοντα ποιεῖν.. ὡς Σοφοκλῆς τὸν Αἴμονα ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἀντιγόνης πρὸς τὸν πατέρα, ὡς λεγόντων ἑτέρων), and begs his father not to be deaf to all opinions but his own. Creon is impatient at this, and, after an altercation, in which both speakers become exasperated, Creon orders Antigone to be brought for immediate execution, and Haemon breaks away in sullen anger. This episode interposes a necessary pause between the condemnation of Antigone and its results, i. e, between the two chief crises of the action, and assists the main impression by bringing the light of natural affection and common opinion to bear on the situation.

635-636. mvp-comment-376-1 σύ μοι γνώμας ἔχων | χρηστὰς ἀπορθοῖς Sc. ἐμέ. You, having good advice for me, direct me. μοι is in construction with the nearer word.

637. mvp-comment-377-1 No marriage can, if I think rightly, be a more valued prize to me. ἀξίως ἔσται has been changed to ἀξιώσεται. But ἀξιοῦσθαι μείζων φέρεσθαι, To be deemed of more importance to obtain, is an awkward and unauthorized expression and, for the position and emphatic use of the adverb, which is the only difficulty, see Essay on Language § 24. pp. 37, 38, and cp. the adverbial use of ἄξιος in El. 1260 ff., τίς .. ἀξίαν μεταβάλοιτ᾽ ἂν .. σιγὰν λόγων ;

638. mvp-comment-378-1 For μείζων, = τιμιώτερος, cp. Ο. Τ. 776, ἀστῶν μέγιστος τῶν ἐκεῖ.

638. mvp-comment-378-2 φέρεσθαι is in the middle voice.

638. mvp-comment-378-3 σοῦ καλῶς ἡγουμένου Than you and your good guidance. The condition is assumed to be inseparable from the subject, as in Plat. Rep. 1. 335 A, τὸν μὲν φίλον ἀγαθὸν ὄντα εὖ ποιεῖν, τὸν δὲ ἐχθρὸν κακὸν ὄντα βλάπτειν.

639. mvp-comment-379-1 οὕτω .. διὰ στέρνων ἔχειν Το be thoroughly imbued with this.

640. mvp-comment-380-1 'In all things to follow your father's judgment.' The image is that of taking up a position behind a leader: i. e. Not to break rank, but to follow in good order. Cp. Plat. Protag. 315 B, (the disciples of Protagoras) εὖ πως καὶ ἐν κόσμῳ . . ἀεὶ εἰς τὸ ὄπισθεν καθίσταντο κάλλιστα.

643. mvp-comment-381-1 τὸν ἐχθρόν 'Their father's enemy.'

646. mvp-comment-382-1 τί .. ἄλλο is governed by the general verbal notion, without distinctly anticipating φῦσαι.

648. mvp-comment-383-1 τὰς φρένας γ᾽ ὑφ᾽ ἡδονῆς The reading of Vat. is retained, not as clearly right, but as more probable than later corrections. γε may be supposed to give a strong emphasis to φρένας. Do not lose your wits, whatever you do. And this is rather confirmed by the way in which Haemon echoes the word in l. 683.

650-651. mvp-comment-384-1 ψυχρὸν παραγκάλισμα . . ἐν δόμοις 'Small comfort comes of such a union, of having a bad wife to share one's couch at home.'

653. mvp-comment-385-1 πτύσας Rejecting with abhorrence. Here and in l. 1232, πτύειν seems to imply a gesture of dislike or loathing, directed towards a person or thing. Cp. Aesch. Ag. 1192, ἐν μέρει δ' ἀπέπτυσαν | εὐνὰς ἀδελφοῦ.

653. mvp-comment-385-2 ὡσεί τε Αn Epic or Ionic form. See Introd. p. 456.

654. mvp-comment-386-1 The construction is rather μέθες τήνδε τινὶ νυμφεύειν, Leave her for some one to wed, than μέθες τήνδε νυμφεύειν τινί, Leave her to wed some one.

657. mvp-comment-387-1 ψευδή .. πόλει I certainly will not break my word to the state.

658. mvp-comment-388-1 ἀλλὰ κτενῶ The abruptness of the pause helps the incisiveness of Creon's language.

659-660. mvp-comment-389-1 εἰ γὰρ .. γένους For if I fail to bring up orderly those born akin to me, most surely I shall fail with those remote. Creon turns Antigone's nearness of kindred to him into a reason for severity. If he cannot control his kinswoman, how much less can he control the state! Authority begins at home.

659. mvp-comment-390-1 For ἐγγενή φύσει, see Essay on Language § 40. p. 69, and p. 82, B.

661. mvp-comment-391-1 τοῖς .. οἰκείοισιν Neuter. Creon characteristically relies on commonplace maxims.

663. mvp-comment-392-1 The transgressor who either violates the laws. The alternative is thought of after the sentence is begun. νόμους is in two constructions, (1) with ὑπερβάς, (2) with βιάζεται.

664. mvp-comment-393-1 τοὐπιτάσσειν Cp. supr. 485, and note.

664. mvp-comment-393-2 τοῖς κρατύνουσιν νοεῖ The reading of L here is rather more uncommon than the alternative reading, which may notwithstanding be right.

666. mvp-comment-394-1 For the optative, in a perfectly general supposition, see Essay on Language §36. p. 61.

666. mvp-comment-394-2 κλύειν Το obey.

667. mvp-comment-395-1 τἀναντία τὰ μεγαλὰ καὶ ἄδικα.

668-671. mvp-comment-396-1 And of this man (the man who obeys the ruler) I would have no fear but that he would rule nobly, and be a good and willing subject, and if posted near me in the storm of battle, would stand firmly as a staunch and trusty comrade. For the vague reference of the pronoun, see Essay on Language § 22. p. 34. And for δορός .. χειμῶνι, ib.

673. mvp-comment-397-1 αὕτη .. τίθησιν The anacoluthon (for which see Essay on Language p. 65) has been avoided in two ways, (1) by omission of τε, (2) by reading ἠδ' for ἥδ'. This Homericism is defended by comparing ὥσει τε in l. 653. There is slight MS. authority for both these changes (see v. rr.). But strong reasons are required for the introduction of a particle not used elsewhere by Sophocles, and after the regularly balanced τε.. ἠδέ, the asyndeton in the next line would be too abrupt. If any change were necessary, the omission of τ' would be preferable, but the lines are more expressive as they are.

674. mvp-comment-398-1 σὺν μάχῃ δορός Bothe conjectured συμμάχου δορός, The rout of the leagued war. But the reading of the MS. has a more vivid meaning. This, aiding the conflict of the spear, breaks down (the vanquished) into shapeless rout: i. e. Disorder helps with battle to make utter rout. For μάχῃ δορός, see Essay on Language p. 75, and for the accusative τροπάς, ib. § 17. p. 25, etc.

675. mvp-comment-399-1 τῶν δ᾽ ὀρθουμένων Of those who are not routed, but are successful. Opposed to οἱ ἡσσώμενοι implied in τροπάς. Cp. El. 742, ὠρθοῦθ' ὁ τλήμων ὀρθὸς ἐξ ὀρθῶν δίφρων.

677. mvp-comment-400-1 οὕτως.. κοσμουμένοις 'Thus one ought to support one's own decrees.' Thus, viz. as I am doing. For this use of the passive participle, see Essay on Language § 17. p. 25, с. Some would explain the words as masculine, One must defend the cause of the orderly subject. Cp. Thuc. 8. 24, ἐκοσμοῦντο ἐχυρώτερον. But such an immediate application of the γνώμη is less in character than the arbitrary assertion of authority. Cp. Hdt. 1. 100, τὰ δὲ δὴ ἄλλα ἐκεκοσμέατό οἱ.

681. mvp-comment-401-1 The form κεκλίμεθα (supposed from κλίνω) was supported by the authority of Thomas Magister.

683. mvp-comment-402-1 θεοὶ.. ὑπέρτατον Wisdom, whose value is above all possessions in the world, is the Gods gift.' Haemon begins by echoing his father's thought, supr. 648, that sound sense is to be prized most highly, but gently hints that Heaven only knows on which side the true wisdom lies. The reading χρημάτων requires ὑπέρτερον, as in L2.

686. mvp-comment-403-1 μήτ᾽ ἐπισταίμην λέγειν i. e. And may I never bring myself to say it. Cp. Trach. 543. 4, θυμοῦσθαι μὲν οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι | νοσοῦντι κείνῳ πολλά.

687. mvp-comment-404-1 χἀτέρῳ Schol. δυνατὸν δὲ καὶ ἑτέρως καλῶς μεταβουλεύσασθαι. Hence Erfurdt and others conjectured χἀτέρως, χατέρα, χἄτερον. Hermann, retaining χἀτέρῳ, interprets, Another also may have wisdom as well as you: i.e. καλῶς ἔχον, sc. τὸ τῶν φρενῶν. But the context rather suggests καλῶς ἔχον, sc. τὸ λέγειν σὲ μὴ ὀρθῶς λέγειν. 'That you are wrong in what you now say I have no power, and may I never have the skill, to affirm. But it may be that from another's mouth such an assertion were not ungracious.' καί in this case belongs to the whole sentence. See Essay on Language § 25. p. 43. 4.

688. mvp-comment-405-1 σοῦ δ᾽ οὖν πέφυκα is decidedly better than σὺ δ᾽ οὐ πέφυκας, which seems to have been suggested by τὸ γὰρ σὸν ὄμμα δεινόν, κ.τ.λ., in what follows. The true connection is, It is not for me to say that you are wrong, though another might do so. However, as your son, it naturally belongs to me to consider in your interest what men do, or say, or find fault with. For the common citizen does not speak his mind in your presence, but I may freely hear. Haemon winds about his father with all this circumstance before pleading for Antigone under shelter of the common opinion, which he professes to quote in the interest of Creon. The tact shown in this is noticed by Aristotle (Rhet. 3. 17) and by the Scholiast. The reading of A, V pr., V³, σοὶ δ' οὖν πέφυκα, deserves consideration.

690-691. mvp-comment-406-1 τὸ γὰρ .. κλύων For your eye overawes the subject in conversation which will displease you to hear. λόγοις τοιούτοις is dative of the occasion or reason, assisted by the attraction of οἷς. Essay on Language § 14. p. 20.

690-691. mvp-comment-406-2 τὸ γὰρ σόν The order puts an emphasis on σόν, as in O. Τ. 671, τὸ γὰρ σόν, οὐ τὸ τοῦδ᾽ ἐποικτείρω στόμα.

692. mvp-comment-407-1 ἐμοὶ δ᾽.. τάδε But I may hear all this under shadow (out of the light of your eye). The words ὑπὸ σκότου might equally have been connected with the following line. I hear in secret what is spoken in secret.

694. mvp-comment-408-1 ἀναξιωτάτη Sc. τοιαῦτα παθεῖν.

695. mvp-comment-409-1 ἀπ᾿ ἔργων See Essay on Language § 19. p. 28.

697. mvp-comment-410-1 πεπτῶτ᾽ ἄθαπτον i. e. πεπτώτα καὶ ἄθαπτον ὄντα.

697. mvp-comment-410-2 μήθ'.. μήθ' μή, not oὔ, because ἥτις, κ.τ.λ. = εἰ αὕτη, κ.τ.λ.

700. mvp-comment-411-1 ἐρεμνή Dark, i.e. Fraught with hidden danger. (Cp. ὑπὸ σκότου, supra). The word is used with something of the association of awe and dread attaching to night and darkness. Cp. Hom. Il. 1. 47. ὁ δ᾽ ἤτε νυκτὶ ἐοικώς.

701. mvp-comment-412-1 σοῦ πράσσοντος εὐτυχῶς Cp. supra 638, σοῦ καλῶς ἡγουμένου.

703. mvp-comment-413-1 πατρὸς θάλλοντος εὐκλείας The good renown of a prosperous sire. Haemon thus gently hints his fear of the effect of the sentence on Creon's reputation in the city.

704. mvp-comment-414-1 ἄγαλμα A cause of glorying or delight. Cp. infra 1115, Καδμείας νύμφας ἄγαλμα.

704. mvp-comment-414-2 ἢ τί πρὸς παίδων πατρί ; Or what greater ornament (than their own good fame) can children confer upon their father?

705-706. mvp-comment-415-1 Do not, I beseech you, wear one unchanging temper in your breast, and hold that nothing else is right but as you say. τοῦτο is added because of the imperfect correlation of the clauses. See Essay on Language p. 75.

707-709. mvp-comment-416-1 For ὅστις .. οὗτοι, ib. § 20. p. 31.

707-709. mvp-comment-416-2 For the formal distinction of φρονεῖν, γλῶσσαν, ψυχήν, cp. supra 176, ψυχήν τε καὶ φρόνημα καὶ γνώμην, and see Essay on Language pp. 92, 3.

710. mvp-comment-417-1 ἄνδρα Ε. on L. § 22. p. 37.

710. mvp-comment-417-2 κεἴ τις ᾖ Ε. on L. § 27. p. 44.

710. mvp-comment-417-3 τὸ μανθάνειν Essay on Language § 21. p. 34-38.

711. mvp-comment-418-1 καὶ τὸ μὴ τείνειν ἄγαν And not to hold too hard. This absolute use of τείνειν is generalized from the examples given below.

713-714. mvp-comment-419-1 Note the antithesis of κλῶνας .. αὐτόπρεμνα. The one save even their branches, the others are destroyed root and branch. For the image, cp. Webster's Appius and Virginia, p. 203. (iii. 3), The bending willow, yielding to each wind, | Shall keep his footing firm, when the proud oak, | Braving the storm, presuming on his root, | Shall have his body rent from head to foot.

715. mvp-comment-420-1 ναὸς .. ἐγκρατῆ πόδα The sheet which has power over the vessel. This is a more poetical and rhythmical expression than the other reading, ναὸς εἴ τις ἐγκρατής, πόδα | τείνας, ὑπείκει μηδέν.

716-717. mvp-comment-421-1 ὑπτίοις.. ναυτίλλεται Upsetting, makes the rest of his voyage with benches overturned. Join κάτω στρέψας. τὸ λοιπόν as in ll. 310, foll., where there is a similar contradictory expression. The omission of the accusative after στρέψας is natural in speaking of so familiar an occurrence as the over-setting of a boat. Essay on Language pp. 73, 98. τὸ πλοῖον, which Hermann reads for τὸ λοιπόν, is hardly a correct synonym for ναῦν or σκάφος.

718. mvp-comment-422-1 ἀλλ᾽.. δίδου Nay, yield. Be not wholly irremovable in anger. Lit. Afford also a removal from anger. This seems to be the best arrangement of this difficult line; i. e. εἰ θυμὸν ἔχεις, ἀλλὰ πεισθῆτι καὶ μεθίστασθαι τοῦ θυμοῦ. The asyndeton is expressive (Essay on Language § 34. P. 58). The reading of LA, ἀλλ᾽ εἶκε θυμῷ, is perhaps due to a false reminiscence of Il. 9.598, εἴξας ᾧ θυμῷ. Seyffert reads θυμῷ .. διδούς.

719-720. mvp-comment-423-1 γνώμη .. πρόσεστι For if any judgment proceed from me (ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ) though younger in years. Cp. Τr. 52, 3, εἰ δίκαιον τοὺς ἐλευθέρους φρενοῦν | γνώμαισι δούλοις; ib. 61, κἀξ ἀγεννήτων ἄρα | μύθοι καλῶς πίπτουσιν.

720-722. mvp-comment-424-1 The real stress is on the last line. The paratactic form of sentence is retained, the sense being, However excellent a thing perfect knowledge is, yet, since it is rare, it is well to take good advice.

720-722. mvp-comment-424-2 πρεσβεύειν] The active of this verb is rare in the metaphorical sense.

720-722. mvp-comment-424-3 πάντ᾽ ἐπιστήμης Of knowledge in all things. Essay on Language § 17. p. 24, b.

720-722. mvp-comment-424-4 εἰ δ᾽ οὖν Sc. μή, which is to be assumed from the next clause, where μή has a strong emphasis. For the sentiment, Hermann compares Hesiod, Op. 293, ἐσθλὸς δ᾽ αὖ κἀκεῖνος, ὃς εὖ εἰπόντι πίθηται.

725. mvp-comment-425-1 διπλᾶ is better than διπλῇ, because dwelling merely on the two speeches, and not on their divergence from each other.

726-727. mvp-comment-426-1 And at our age shall we forsooth be schooled by one so juvenile? For the inverted order, see Essay on Language § 26. p. 44: § 41. p. 77.

727. mvp-comment-427-1 For φύσιν, see Essay on Language p. 96.

728. mvp-comment-428-1 μηδὲν τὸ μὴ δίκαιον The combination of the indefinite μηδέν with the definite article is curious, and suggests the idea that μηδέν is adverbial.. But the Scholiast is probably right in explaining the words as equivalent to μηδὲν διδάσκου ὁ μὴ δίκαιόν ἐστί σοι μανθάνειν. Cp. supra 360, οὐδὲν .. τὸ μέλλον. Essay on Language § 22. p. 36. And for emphatic el, ib. § 28. p. 47, supr. 551.

729. mvp-comment-429-1 You ought not to regard differences of time, but rather to face the actual requirements of the case.' τἄργα are not the merits of Haemon, but the truth of his plea.

730. mvp-comment-430-1 What? Is it a "requirement" to fall down and worship rebels? Creon, as usual, represents mercy as submission. ἔργον ἐστί seems to have the same meaning as in σὸν ἔργον, and the like phrases; i.e. ἔργον almost = Duty.

731. mvp-comment-431-1 Nay, I would not bid thee reverence the wicked.

732. mvp-comment-432-1 'Why, is not she possessed by this disease?" viz. τῇ κακίᾳ.

733. mvp-comment-433-1 Not so declare her fellow-citizens in this town of Thebes.

736. mvp-comment-434-1 Is it right, I say, for another than me to rule this land? The reading of L and most MSS, ἄλλῳ.. μοί, (cp. Eur. Ion 1317) is supported by Thom. M. s. v. χρή, and is certainly the durior lectio. But he may have reasoned from a faulty text. See note on l. 681. γε is expressive. For M4 see list of MSS. in the Preface to this edition.

737. mvp-comment-435-1 Cp. Aesch. Suppl. 370, σύ τοι πόλις, σὺ τὸ δήμιον; Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, 1. 2,

When could they say, till now, that talked of Rome, | That her wide walls encompassed but one man? | Now is it Rome indeed, and room enough, | When there is in it but one only man.

The genitive ἀνδρὸς .. ἑνός is ambiguous between possessive genitive and genitive of content. A city belonging to one man, and A city composed of one man.

738. mvp-comment-436-1 Is not the city counted a possession of the ruler? Essay on Language § 9. p. 12, b.

739. mvp-comment-437-1 A splendid monarch would you make to rule a desert land.

742. mvp-comment-438-1 This line is sometimes printed with a note of interrogation, as if the words διὰ δίκης ἰὼν πατρί were epexegetic of σοῦ.. προκήδομαι. ('Villain, when you are wrangling with your father?') But the connection of the lines in this στιχομυθία is not very close, and the more obvious meaning (Villain, to wrangle with your father!') is more probable.

743-745. mvp-comment-439-1 οὐ γὰρ δίκαια .. οὐ γὰρ σέβεις] Here, as in 730, ἔργον γάρ ἐστι, there is the same tendency to play on the word (κομψεύειν) that was observed in the speeches of the Φύλαξ.

745. mvp-comment-440-1 οὐ.. σέβεις It is not reverence when you trample on the honours of the Gods. Essay on Language § 53. p. 98, с.

751. mvp-comment-441-1 τινά i. e. σέ. Essay on Language § 22. p. 34, 4. Interpreters have avoided taking these words in their obvious meaning as implying a threat, which Haemon all but carries into execution afterwards in ll. 1233-1234. It is true, however, that this intention is less distinctly present to his mind than the conviction that vengeance will come to Creon from the gods and from popular feeling.

752. mvp-comment-442-1 κἀπαπειλών For the participle, see Essay on Language § 36. p. 63, €, b.

753. mvp-comment-443-1 τίς Almost = πῶς. Cp. О. С. 775, τίς αὕτη τέρψις;

756. mvp-comment-444-1 'Woman's minion that you are, mince not your words with me.' The subdued tone of Haemon (εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ', εἶπον ἄν) only adds fuel to the wrath of Creon.

756. mvp-comment-444-2 For the contempt expressed in δούλευμα and μῖσος (760), see Essay on Language pp. 84, 85.

758. mvp-comment-445-1 άληθες See on O. T. 350.

759. mvp-comment-446-1 ἐπὶ ψόγοισι δεννάσεις Reproach and revile me. For the prepositional phrase, cp. El. 108, ἐπὶ κωκυτῷ, and see Essay on Language § 18. p. 27.

765. mvp-comment-447-1 So that you may exhibit your madness to those of your friends who can brook it. θέλουσι, sc. σοὶ μαινομένῳ ξυνεῖναι. There is a strong emphasis on this participle.

767. mvp-comment-448-1 And at his age the spirit, when chafed, is dangerous. Cp. O. C. 751, τηλικοῦτος, οὐ γάμων | ἔμπειρος ..: and for voûs, see Essay on Language p. 93.

768. mvp-comment-449-1 Cp. O. T. 1075, where Oedipus, with similar unconsciousness, says of Jocasta, who has just rushed out, ὁποῖα χρήζει ῥηγνύτω.

770. mvp-comment-450-1 The order of words shows that the chief emphasis is on ἄμφω : Essay on Language § 41. p. 77. Hence καί is to be taken with the whole sentence: ib. § 25. P. 43, 4. Do you really intend to put them both to death?

773. mvp-comment-451-1 ἔρημος.. στίβος Where track of human footstep there is none. The privative ἔρημος is used for the negative by a redundancy like those adduced in Essay on Language § 40. p. 75; and ἔρημος = ἄστειπτος (Phil. 2), so that the expression = Where no track of mortals has been trodden.

775. mvp-comment-452-1 i. e. τοσοῦτον μόνον, ὅσον ἄγος εἶναι. Essay on Language § 39. p. 74. For ἄγος = expiation, see Hesych., ἄγος· ἅγνισμα θυσίας, Σοφοκλῆς Φαίδρα.

776. mvp-comment-453-1 i. e. Lest the whole city might suffer pollution.

780. mvp-comment-454-1 περισσός Bootless. Cp. Aesch. Prom. 383, μόχθον περισσόν. It is characteristic of the time (cp. Thucydides) that the political energy of Creon is combined with scepticism.

781-800. mvp-comment-455-1 Haemon's disobedience to his father, against his own interest, is due to the might of love.

781-800. mvp-comment-455-2 'Never-vanquished love, that layest riches waste, keeping nightly watch in the fair, soft, youthful cheek: love that roamest over seas and findest out the wildest nook! No god, nor any mortal man, escapes thy maddening power. By love the upright mind is drawn to wrong unto its hurt. By love this present strife is kindled between kinsmen. And clearly triumphant is the influence of desire that cometh from the looks of the fair bride - desire that divides empire with the majestic law: so resistlessly doth goddess Aphrodite mock mankind.

781-800. mvp-comment-455-3 This little ode consists of a strophe and antistrophe, of which the scansion is as follows:- CCLトしてし CICCICII CCCICII IICIICCIト(CLトー 5-0-0-ICCICI-

781-800. mvp-comment-455-4 A glyconic quatrain is followed by two choriambic lines, and the strophe ends with a return to the glyconic rhythm. L. 7 admits of being otherwise divided, viz.: CCLCー.

781. mvp-comment-456-1 ἀνίκατε μάχαν Cp. the similar personification of θυμός by Heraclitus, χαλεπὸν θυμῷ μάχεσθαι, ψυχῆς γὰρ ὠνέεται.

782. mvp-comment-457-1 ὃς ἐν κτήμασι πίπτεις (i. e.

782. mvp-comment-457-2 ἐμπίπτεις κτήμασι.) These words have been variously interpreted and emended. They probably mean, Who fallest upon wealth, i. e. art the destroyer of possessions, ruining worldly fortunes in various ways, as the love of Helen wasted Troy, etc. Cp. Eur. Hipp. 538, foll., Ἔρωτα δὲ τὸν τύραννον ἀνδρῶν |.. πέρθοντα καὶ διὰ πάσας | ἰόντα συμφορὰς | θνατοῖς, ὅταν ἔλθῃ. So, in this instance, Haemon is losing all for love. Others interpret, Desire who makest wealth thy object (Schol. rec.), Love, who by attacking enslavest, or Who makest victims of the wealthy.

783-784. mvp-comment-458-1 ὃς .. ἐννυχεύεις Cp. Milton, L'Allegro, 29, 30, 'Such as hang on Hebe's cheek, | And love to live in dimple sleek.' Love is still figured as an enemy, who keeps nightly watch where he is ready to spring forth armed on the unwary. Pind. Nem. 8. 2, ὥρα .. παρθενηΐοις .. ἐφίζοισι γλεφάροις.

785. mvp-comment-459-1 The poet is thinking of legendary examples, such as Paris, Leander, Anchises, etc.

786. mvp-comment-460-1 σε .. φύξιμος i.e. δύναταί σε φεύγειν. Cp. Hom. h. Ven. 34. 5, τῶν δ' ἄλλων οὐ πέρ τι πεφυγμένον ἔστ᾽ Ἀφροδίτην, | οὔτε θεῶν μακάρων, οὔτε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων. But see on 796 ff.

790. mvp-comment-461-1 ἁμερίων ἐπ᾿ ἀνθρώπων The insertion of the preposition, although omitted with θεῶν, is no objection to this reading. See Essay on Language § 19. p. 27: and for ἐπί, with the genitive, meaning In the case of, So far as extends to, cp. Plato, Rep. 3. 406 C, 8.. ἐπὶ .. τῶν δημιουργῶν αἰσθανόμεθα, alib. The force of the preposition and case here is nearer to the original locative sense, = Extending over, 'Quantum hominum genus propagatum extenditur. (Ellendt.)

790. mvp-comment-461-2 ὁ ἔχων Sc. τὸ νόσημα. Wecklein compares ἔχει, he is wounded, with reference to the arrow of love. But this is fanciful.

791-792. mvp-comment-462-1 ἀδίκους.. παρασπᾷς i. e. εἰς ἀδικίαν παρασπᾷς. Drawest awry to wrong. For this proleptic use of the adjective, see Essay on Language § 23. P. 39; § 38. p. 71.

792. mvp-comment-463-1 ἐπὶ λώβᾳ ‘Το their hurt or disgrace.'

794. mvp-comment-464-1 ξύναιμον is an emphatic epithet added by an afterthought (Essay on Language § 23. p. 38) and by hypallage made to agree with the principal word, although more properly belonging to ἀνδρῶν. (Ibid. § 42. p. 80).

795. mvp-comment-465-1 νικᾷ δ᾽ ἐναργής i. e. ἐναργής ἐστι νικῶσα.

795. mvp-comment-465-2 βλεφάρων ἵμερος The modern poet speaks of love as engendered in the eyes, with gazing fed: the ancients rather spoke of an influence passing from the eye of the beloved (τὸ ἐρωτικὸν ὄμμα, Plat. Phaedr. 253 E) to the soul of the lover. Desire was viewed as an emanation from the object. Hence Plato's account of ἵμερος, Phaedr. 251 Β, C, δεξάμενος γὰρ τοῦ κάλλους τὴν ἀπορροὴν διὰ τῶν ὀμμάτων, ἐθερμάνθη ἢ ἡ τοῦ πτεροῦ φύσις ἄρδεται .. ὅταν μὲν οὖν βλέπουσα πρὸς τὸ κάλλος, ἐκεῖθεν μέρη ἐπιόντα καὶ ῥέοντα, ἃ δὴ διὰ τοῦτο ἵμερος καλεῖται, δεχομένη ἄρδηταί τε καὶ θερμαίνηται, λωφᾷ τε τῆς ὀδύνης καὶ γέγηθεν. This ancient conception, which had a root in language as well as in philosophy, is reflected even in Milton, L'Allegro, 1. 121, With store of ladies, whose bright eyes | Rain influence, though in this case probably with a further allusion to astrology.

796-799. mvp-comment-466-1 τῶν .. θεσμῶν In the counsels of princes holding an equal place with the majesty of law. This seems the best way of taking these words, which have been variously interpreted; e.g. Equal to the laws in power. 'Assessor in the authority of the laws, etc. There is an allusion to Haemon, who, though a prince, has been led to disobey his father, and to disregard the edict of the king. Cp. Hdt. 4. 165, ἐν βουλῇ παρίζουσα. The resolution of the arsis in πάρεδρος is extremely unusual; see Christ's Metrik, § 178; and Arndt suggested ξύνθρονος ἀρχαῖς, 'Assessor with the rule of majesticlaw. But qy. πάρεδρος *ἀρχαῖς, with "πέφευγεν οὐδείς in 786 ff.? (IILUCCICII).

800. mvp-comment-467-1 Wecklein finds here an oxymoron, turning on the opposition of μάχη and παιδιά. She is resistless, though sport is her only weapon. But this is doubtful.

804. mvp-comment-468-1 παγκοίταν.. θάλαμον The chamber where all must lie. The implied contrast between the fate of Antigone and her intended bridal recurs repeatedly throughout the latter part of the play. Supr. 575, Ἅιδης ὁ παύσων τούσδε τοὺς γάμους γάμ ἔφυ: infr. 891, νυμφεῖον : 1205, νυμφεῖον" Αιδου κοίλον.

806-802. mvp-comment-469-1 Antigone bewails her untimely death, and the chorus attempt to console her by pointing to the singularity of her end. She quotes the example of Niobe, who was encrusted with rock. But Niobe, rejoin the chorus, was a Divine Being. Then the maiden bursts into a cry against such vain comfort, and appeals to the forms of nature around Thebes to bear witness to the strangeness of her fate. The tone of the chorus changes to admonition. Thou hast offended against the majesty of law. Some curse, inherited from thy sire, must have led thee on. At last they have touched her, but it is only to aggravate her sorrow. Dire indeed had been the curse upon her parents; and now she is going to be with them, having never tasted any joy. Her brother's seeming success in marriage had been death to him and to her. The chorus reiterate that piety towards her brother should have yielded to authority. Selfwill has been thy ruin. Antigone: 'Friendless, unmourned, uncomforted, I leave the holy light of day. I die unmarried, and no one weeps for me.'

806-802. mvp-comment-469-2 The metres in this commos, ll. 806-833, chiefly logaoedic. and for the most part glyconic, are as follows:- α΄. 806-816, 823-833. 805 luclu IIC1CCI II1CCIC ―トしかしCICLL Anapaests of cho. 817-822, 834-837- β'. Second strophe and antistrophe. 51IC (トートートートー ICCICII にかくCIトトに CICLC- トトロー CCLCICIC 15010し! 이기 5- ἐπ. } Iambic. ひトしレトCCICI- 51110CIRKIICCI CICCートリート ―トしーしトー

806-802. mvp-comment-469-3 The effect produced by the epitrite rhythm in a' 9. β΄ 8, ἐπ. 5, and of the spondees in ß' 6, is especially noticeable.

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Feel madness rankling in their hearts. By thee the virtuous mind beguil'd

Antigone GOLD

Current edition Experimental

Ἀντιγόνη b

8. ΕΠΕΙΣΟΔΙΟΝ ΤΈΤΑΡΤΟΝ.

Ἀντιγόνη 1

Ἀντιγόνη 2

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ἐγὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ' ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ' οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων, τὸν παγκοίταν ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον τήνδ' Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν. 805

Ἀντιγόνη α

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ᾿γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ᾽ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ᾽ οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων, τὸν παγκοίταν ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον τήνδ᾽ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν. 805

Ἀντιγόνη 1

νῦν δ’ ἤδη ’γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ’ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ’ οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων, τὸν παγκοίτην ὅθ’ ὁρῶ θάλαμον τήνδ’ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν. 805

Ἀντιγόνη 1

Ἀντιγόνη

Ἀντιγόνη 1

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ᾿γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ᾽ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ᾽ οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων, τὸν παγκοίτην ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον τήνδ᾽ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν. 805

Ἀντιγόνη 1

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ᾽γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ᾽ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ᾽ οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων, τὸν παγκοίταν ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον τήνδ᾽ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν. 805

Ἀντιγόνη

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ᾽γὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ᾽ ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ᾽ οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων, τὸν παγκοίτην ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον τήνδ᾽ Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν. 805

Ἀντιγόνη

Schon werd' auch ich weit über das Recht 770 dies schauend geführt, und nicht halt' ich mir der Thränen Ergufs noch länger zurück, da ins Grabbrautbett, das alles verschlingt, ich seh' Antigone'n wandeln.

IX. VIERTES EPEISODION.

ANTIGONE. Str. 1.

ANTIGONA

Antigone

Who may avoid thee? None! Mortal, Immortal, All are o’erthrown by thee, all feel thy frenzy. Lightly thou draw’st awry Righteous minds into wrong to their ruin Thou this unkindly quarrel hast inflamed

Nun führt auch mich, was ich anseh'n muß, 1 Schon über die Bahn des Gesezes hinaus; Nicht länger bezwing' ich der Thränen Erguß, 795 Da in Hades' Gemach, das Alle verschlingt, Ich hinabgeh'n sehe die Jungfrau. Antigone. Der Chor. Zweite Strophe.

Antigone.

Chords.

Chorus

ANTÍGONA Y EL CORO

Estrofa 1.a

ANTÍGONA

Jezt aber komm’ ich, eben, selber, aus 830 Dem Geseze. Denn anschn muß ich diess, und halten kann ich Nicht mehr die Qttelle der Thränen, Da in das alles schwaigende Bett’ Ich seh’ Antigonä wandeln.

Antigone

Chorus Then in glory and with praise you depart to that deep place of the dead, neither struck by wasting sickness, nor having won the wages of the sword. No, guided by your own laws and still alive, unlike any mortal before, you will descend to Hades. 820

Chorus Yet she was a goddess, as you know, and the offspring of gods, while we are mortals and mortal-born. Still it is a great thing for a woman who has died to have it said of her that she shared the lot of the godlike in her life, and afterwards, in death. 835

Chorus You have rushed headlong to the far limits of daring, and against the high throne of Justice you have fallen, my daughter, fallen heavily. But in this ordeal you are paying for some paternal crime. 855

Chorus Your pious action shows a certain reverence, but an offence against power can no way be tolerated by him who has power in his keeping. Your self-willed disposition is what has destroyed you. 875

Antigone Unwept, unfriended, without marriage-song, I am led in misery on this journey that cannot be put off. No longer is it permitted me, unhappy girl, to look up at this sacred eye of the burning sun. But for my fate no tear is shed, no friend moans in sorrow. 880

Commentary

Stable identifiers

Feel madness rankling in their hearts.

By thee the virtuous mind beguil'd

Antigone
GOLD

Ἀντιγόνη

b

Ἀντιγόνη

1

Ἀντιγόνη

2

νῦν δ᾽ ἤδη ἐγὼ καὐτὸς θεσμῶν

ἔξω φέρομαι τάδ' ὁρῶν, ἴσχειν δ'

οὐκέτι πηγὰς δύναμαι δακρύων,

τὸν παγκοίταν ὅθ᾽ ὁρῶ θάλαμον

τήνδ' Ἀντιγόνην ἀνύτουσαν.
805

Ἀντιγόνη
α

Ἀντιγόνη
1

Ἀντιγόνη
1

Ἀντιγόνη

1

Ἀντιγόνη

1

Schon werd' auch ich weit über das Recht
770

dies schauend geführt, und nicht halt' ich

mir der Thränen Ergufs noch länger zurück,

da ins Grabbrautbett, das alles verschlingt,

ich seh' Antigone'n wandeln.

ANTIGONE.
Str. 1.

Who may avoid thee? None!

Mortal, Immortal,

All are o’erthrown by thee, all feel thy frenzy.

Lightly thou draw’st awry Righteous minds into wrong to their ruin

Thou this unkindly quarrel hast inflamed

Nun führt auch mich, was ich anseh'n muß,¹

Schon über die Bahn des Gesezes hinaus;

Nicht länger bezwing' ich der Thränen Erguß,
795

Da in Hades' Gemach, das Alle verschlingt,

Ich hinabgeh'n sehe die Jungfrau.

Antigone. Der Chor. Zweite Strophe.

Jezt aber komm’ ich, eben, selber, aus
830

Dem Geseze. Denn anschn muß ich diess, und halten kann ich

Nicht mehr die Qttelle der Thränen,

Da in das alles schwaigende Bett’

Ich seh’ Antigonä wandeln.

Chorus

Then in glory and with praise you depart to that deep place of the dead, neither struck by wasting sickness,

nor having won the wages of the sword. No, guided by your own laws and still alive, unlike any mortal before, you will descend to Hades.
820

Chorus

Yet she was a goddess, as you know, and the offspring of gods,

while we are mortals and mortal-born. Still it is a great thing for a woman who has died to have it said of her that she shared the lot of the godlike in her life, and afterwards, in death.
835

Chorus

You have rushed headlong to the far limits of daring, and against the high throne of Justice

you have fallen, my daughter, fallen heavily. But in this ordeal you are paying for some paternal crime.
855

Chorus

Your pious action shows a certain reverence, but an offence against power can no way be tolerated by him who has power in his keeping.

Your self-willed disposition is what has destroyed you.
875

Antigone

Unwept, unfriended, without marriage-song, I am led in misery on this journey that cannot be put off. No longer is it permitted me, unhappy girl,

to look up at this sacred eye of the burning sun. But for my fate no tear is shed, no friend moans in sorrow.
880