Sophocles Antigone 233

Lewis Campbell (Translator)

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MESS
Enter Messenger . 1155

Neighbours of Cadmus and Amphion’s halls,
1155

No life of mortal, howsoe’er it stand,

Shall once have praise or censure from my mouth;

Since human happiness and human woe

Come even as fickle Fortune smiles or lours;

And none can augur aught from what we see.
1160

Creon erewhile to me was enviable,

Who saved our Thebè from her enemies;

Then, vested with supreme authority,

Ruled her aright; and flourish’d in his home

With noblest progeny. What hath he now?
1165

Nothing. For when a man is lost to joy,

I count him not to live, but reckon him

A living corse. Riches belike are his,

Great riches and the appearance of a King;

But if no gladness come to him, all else
1170

Is shadow of a vapour, weighed with joy.

Antigone. Sophocles. Lewis Campbell (Translator). London, New York and Toronto. 1906.

Current edition Experimental

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (12)

Greek (L. Benloew, 1858) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (L. Benloew, 1858)) — 233 focus

σοί· κεἰ τὸ μηδὲν ἐξερῶ, φράσω δ᾽ ὅμως.

Greek (A. Boeckh, 1884) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Boeckh, 1884)) — 233 focus

τί δ᾽ ἔστιν, ἀνθ’ οὗ τήνδ᾽ ἔχεις ἀθυμίαν;

Greek (F. H. Bothe, 1806) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. H. Bothe, 1806)) — 233 focus

τῆς ἐλπίδος γὰρ ἔρχομαι δεδραγμένος,

Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 233 focus

τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ᾽ ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν

Greek (A. Colonna, 1978) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Colonna, 1978)) — 233 focus

τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ᾽ ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν

Greek (A. Dain, 1955) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Dain, 1955)) — 233.mvp-line-233 focus

τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ’ ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν

Greek (R. D. Dawe, 1979) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (R. D. Dawe, 1979)) — 233 focus

τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ᾽ ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν

Greek (G. Hermann, 1830) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (G. Hermann, 1830)) — 233 focus

τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ᾽ ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν

Greek (R. C. Jebb, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (R. C. Jebb, 1906)) — 233 focus

τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ᾽ ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν

Greek (A. C. Pearson, 1924) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. C. Pearson, 1924)) — 233.mvp-line-233 focus

τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ᾽ ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν

Antigone (OCR draft) Experimental (Antigone) — 233 focus

τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρʼ ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν

Greek (K. Reinhardt, 1949) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (K. Reinhardt, 1949)) — 233 focus

τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ᾽ ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν

Translations (9)

German (A. Boeckh, 1884) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (A. Boeckh, 1884)) — 233 focus

TEIRESIAS.

So wisse wohl auch, daſs der raschen Kreise du

des Sonnengotts nicht viele mehr durchleben wirst,
1020

bis einen Todten aus des eignen Blutes Stamm

den Todten zum Entgelte du darbringen muſst,

für dieses, daſs ein Ob'res du hinabgestürzt,

und eine Seele schmählich in ein Grab verpflanzt,

und dafs den Untergöttern du entzogen hältst
1025

hier einen Leichnam, unbestattet, ungeweiht,

woran du nicht betheiligt noch der Oberwelt

Gottheiten, sondern ihnen zwingst du dieses auf.

Drum lauern, Unheil brütend, dein im Hinterhalt

des Hades und der Götter Rach-Erinyen,
1030

dafs du ergriffen werdest in demselben Weh.

Und schaue zu nun, ob ich geldgedungen das

ausspreche. Denn nicht langer Zeit Frist bringt zu Tag

der Männer, Weiber Klagetöne deinem Haus.

Feindselig wird erschüttert jede Stadt, worin
1035

zerrifsnen Leichen Hunde geben Grabesweih'n,

Raubthier' und raschbeschwingter Vögel einer, der

zum Heerd der Heimath trägt den eklen Graungeruch.

Ja solche Pfeilgeschosse (denn schwer kränkst du mich),

dem Schützen gleich entsandt' ich dir, herztreffende:
1040

sie haften fest, und ihrem Brand entgehst du nicht.

O Knabe, du nun führ' uns wieder heim, damit

der seines Zornes sich entlad' auf Jüngere,

und seine Zunge lern' erziehen ruhiger,

und seinen Geist auch besser, als sie jetzo sind.
1045

Spanish (J. A. Bolufer, 1921) (OCR draft) Experimental (Spanish (J. A. Bolufer, 1921)) — 233 focus

CREONTE

¡Ay de mí! Dificilmente Difícilmente, en verdad, y contra mi corazón, me decido a hacerlo; pero contra la necesidad no se puede luchar con éxito.

Latin (F. H. Bothe, 1806) (OCR draft) Experimental (Latin (F. H. Bothe, 1806)) — 233 focus

Chorus

Abi ergo, ut haec facias, neque aliis committe.

German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 237 focus

Was ist's, warum befiel dich solche Bangigkeit?

Der Wächter.

Erst laß dir sagen, was mich selbst betrifft: die That

Verübt' ich nicht, noch sah ich, wer der Thäter war;

Und nur mit Unrecht widerführe mir ein Leid.
240

Kreon.

Du zielst behutsam und verschanzest dich geschickt

Ringsher; du bringst uns, seh' ich wohl, ein schweres Wort.

Der Wächter.

Das Arge freilich regt die Furcht gewaltig auf.

Kreon.

Nun, wirst du reden endlich und dann weiter geh'n?

Der Wächter.

Wohlan, so sag' ich's: Einer, der sofort verschwand,
245

Begrub den Todten eben, hat mit trocknem Staub

Bestreut den Leichnam, und geweiht, was üblich ist.

Kreon.

Was sagst du? Wer auf Erden hat sich deß erkühnt?

Der Wächter.

Ich weiß es nicht; denn weder eines Beiles Hieb

War dort, noch einer Hacke Wurf, der Boden dicht
250

Und fest und bruchlos, auch mit Wagenrädern nicht

Befahren; spurlos blieb es, wer der Thäter war.

Und wie es uns der erste Tageswächter zeigt,¹

Erschien es Allen unerklärlich wunderbar.

Die Leiche war verschwunden, nicht begraben zwar;
255

Dünn, wie den Fluch zu meiden, lag der Staub darauf.²

Von einem Raubthier oder Hund war keine Spur,

Die hergekommen und an ihr herumgezerrt.

Nun schollen böse Reden auf einander los,

Der Wächter zich den Wächter; wohl auch endet' es
260

Zulezt mit Schlägen; Keiner war zu wehren da.

Denn Einer wie der Andre war der Thäter hier,

Und Keiner überführbar; Jeder stritt es ab.

Mit Händen fassen wollten wir ein glühend Erz,³

Durch Feuer gehen, schwören bei den Göttern selbst,
265

Daß wir es nicht verübten noch im Bunde sei'n

Mit Einem, der's ersonnen oder ausgeführt.

Am Ende, da kein Forschen mehr uns weiter half,

Sprach Einer, der uns alle zwang, vor Furcht das Haupt

Zur Erd' hinabzusenken denn wir wußten nicht
270

Zu widersprechen, noch wiefern wir, thäten wir's,

Uns helfen könnten dieser rieth, man müsse dir

Die Sache hinterbringen, nicht verheimlichen.

Und seine Meinung siegte: mich Unseligen

Verdammt zu diesem schönen Glück des Looses Wurf.
275

Nun steh' ich hier, nicht willig vor Unwilligen:

Niemand ja liebt den Boten unwillkommner Mähr.

Der Chor.

English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 233 focus

Creon

I will ; and you my servants, be prepared ;

Each with his axe quick hasten to the place ;

Myself — for thus I have resolved — will go,

And the same hand that bound shall set her free ;

For, oh ! I fear 'tis wisest still through life

To keep our ancient laws, and follow virtue.

Bacchus, by vaiious names to mortals known,

Fair Semele's illustrious son,

Offspring of thunder-bearing Jove,

Who honourst famed Italia with thy love I

Who dwellst where erst the dragon's teeth were

strewed,
1110

Or where Ismenus pours his gentle flood ;
1110

Who dost o'er Ceres' hallowed rites preside,
1110

And at thy native Thebes propitious still reside.
1110

Where famed Parnassus' forked hills uprise.
1110

To thee ascends the sacritice ;

Corycia's nymphs attend below,

Whilst from Castalia's fount fresh waters flow :

O'er Nysa's mountains wreaths of ivy twine,

And mix their tendrils with the clustering vine :

Around their master crowd the virgin throng,

And praise the god of Thebes in never-dying song.

Happiest of cities, Thebes ! above the rest

By Semele and Bacchus blest !

Oh ! ^dsit now thy once beloved abode,

Oh ! heal our woes, thou kind protecting god !

From steep Parnassus, or th' Euboean sea.

With smiles auspicious come, and bring with thee

Health, joy, and peace, and fair prosperity.

Immortal leader of the maddening choir,

Whose torches blaze with unextinguished fire.

Great son of Jove, who guidst the tuneful throng,

Thou, who presidest o'er the nightly song.

Come with thy Naxian maids, a festive train,

Who, wild with joy, and raging o'er the plain,

For thee the dance prepare, to thee devote the strain.

Spanish (A. G. Garbin, 1889) (OCR draft) Experimental (Spanish (A. G. Garbin, 1889)) — 233 focus

TÍRESIAS

Al fin me obligarás á descubrir lo que me proponia tener perpétuamente sepultado en mi corazón.

German (F. Hölderlin, 1804) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (F. Hölderlin, 1804)) — 233 focus

CHOR

Wie kommt dir denn vom Fürsten diese Klage?

English (Sir Richard Jebb1, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb1, 1904)) — 233 focus

Creon

Even as I am I'll go:—on, on, my servants, each and all of you,—take axes in your hands, and 1110 hasten to the ground that ye see yonder! Since our judgment hath taken this turn, I will be present to unloose her, as I myself bound her. My heart misgives me, ’tis best to keep the established laws, even to life’s end.

English (Sir Richard Jebb2, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb2, 1904)) — 162-330 focus

Enter Creon, with two attendants.

Creon

My fellow citizens! First, the gods, after tossing the fate of our city on wild waves, have once more righted it. Second, I have ordered you through my messengers to come here

apart from all the rest, because I knew, first of all, how constant was your reverence for the power of the throne of Laius; how, again, you were reverent, when Oedipus was guiding our city; and lastly, how, when he was dead, you still maintained loyal thoughts towards his children.
165

Since, then, these latter have fallen in one day by a twofold doom—each striking, each struck, both with the stain of a brother’s murder—I now possess all the power and the throne according to my kinship with the dead.
170

Now, it is impossible to know fully any man’s character, will, or judgment, until he has been proved by the test of rule and law-giving. For if anyone who directs the entire city does not cling to the best and wisest plans,
175

but because of some fear keeps his lips locked, then, in my judgment, he is and has long been the most cowardly traitor. And if any man thinks a friend more important than his fatherland, that man, I say, is of no account. Zeus, god who sees all things always, be my witness—
180

I would not be silent if I saw ruin, instead of safety, marching upon the citizens. Nor would I ever make a man who is hostile to my country a friend to myself, because I know this, that our country is the ship that bears us safe, and that only when
185

we sail her on a straight course can we make true friends. Such are the rules by which I strengthen this city. Akin to these is the edict which I have now published to the citizenry concerning the sons of Oedipus: Eteocles, who fell fighting
190

in behalf of our city and who excelled all in battle, they shall entomb and heap up every sacred offering that descends to the noblest of the dead below. But as for his brother, Polyneices, I mean, who on his return from exile wanted to burn to the ground
195

the city of his fathers and his race’s gods, and wanted to feed on kindred blood and lead the remnant into slavery—it has been proclaimed to the city that no one shall give him funeral honors or lamentation,
200

but all must leave him unburied and a sight of shame, with his body there for birds and dogs to eat. This is my will, and never will I allow the traitor to stand in honor before the just. But whoever has good will to Thebes ,
205

he shall be honored by me in death as in life.
210

211

Chorus

That is your will, Creon, towards this city’s enemy and its friend. And the power is yours, I believe, to make use of every law whatsoever, both concerning the dead and all us who live.

Creon

See, then, that you be guardians of my commands.
215

Chorus

Lay the weight of this task on some younger man.

Creon

That is not what I meant—the guards for the corpse are already in place.

Chorus

Then what is this other command that you would give?

Creon

That you not give way to the breakers of my commands.

Chorus

There is no one so foolish as to crave death.
220

Creon

I assure you, that is the wage for disobedience. Yet by just the hope of it, money has many times corrupted men.

Enter Guard.

Guard

My king, I will not say that I arrive breathless because of speed, or from the action of a swift foot.

For often I brought myself to a stop because of my thoughts, and wheeled round in my path to return. My mind was telling me many things: Fool, why do you go to where your arrival will mean your punishment? Idiot, are you dallying again? If Creon learns it from another, must you not suffer for it?
225

So debating, I made my way unhurriedly, slow, and thus a short road was made long. At last, however, the view prevailed that I should come here—to you. Even if my report brings no good, still will I tell you,
230

since I come with a good grip on one hope, that I can suffer nothing except what is my fate.
235

237

Creon

And what is it that so disheartens you?

Guard

I want to tell you first about myself—I did not do the deed, nor did I see the doer,

so it would be wrong that I should come to any harm.
240

Creon

Like a bowman you aim well at your target from a distance, and all around you hedge yourself off well from the deed. It is clear that you have some unheard-of thing to tell.

Guard

That I do, for terrible news imposes great hesitation.

Creon

Then tell it, will you, and so unburdened go away?

Guard

Well, here it is. The corpse—some one has just given it burial and disappeared after sprinkling thirsty dust on the flesh and performing the other rites that piety demands.
245

Creon

What are you saying? What man dared do this?

Guard

I do not know. For there was no scar of a pickax to be seen there,

no earth thrown up by a mattock. The ground was hard and dry, unbroken, not rolled over by wheels. The doer was someone who left no trace. When the first day-watchman showed it to us, a discomforting amazement fell on us all.
250

The dead man was veiled from us—not shut within a tomb, but a light cover of dust was on him, as if put there by the hand of one who shunned a curse. And no sign was visible that any beast of prey or any dog had approached or torn him. Then evil words flew thick and loud among us,
255

guard accusing guard. It would even have come to blows in the end, nor was there anyone there to prevent it: every man was the culprit, and no one was plainly guilty, while all disclaimed knowledge of the act. We were ready to take red-hot iron in our hands,
260

to walk through fire and to swear oaths by the gods that we had neither done the deed, nor shared knowledge of the planning or the doing. At last, when our investigating got us nowhere, someone spoke up and made us all bend our faces
265

in fear towards the earth. For we did not know how we could argue with him, nor yet prosper, if we did what he said. His argument was that the deed must be reported to you and not hidden. This view prevailed, and so it was that
270

the lot doomed miserable me to win this prize. So here I stand, as unwelcome to you as I am unwilling, I well know. For no man delights in the bearer of bad news.
275

278

Chorus

My king, my thoughts have long been deliberating whether this deed is somehow the work of gods?

Creon

Quiet, before your words truly fill me with rage, so that you not be found at the same time foolish as well as old. You say what is intolerable when you claim that the gods have concern for that corpse. Was it in high esteem for his benefactions
280

that they sought to hide him, when he had come to burn their columned shrines, their sacred treasures and their land, and scatter its laws to the winds? Or do you see the gods honoring the wicked? It cannot be. No! From the very first
285

certain men of the city were chafing at this edict and muttering against me, tossing their heads in secret, and they did not keep their necks duly under the yoke in submission to me. By those men, I am certain, they were led astray and bribed to do this deed.
290

Nothing so evil as money ever grew to be current among men. This destroys cities, this drives men from their homes, this trains and warps honest minds to set themselves to works of shame,
295

this teaches people to practise villainies, and to know every act of unholiness. But all the men who did this job for hire have made sure that, sooner or later, they shall suffer the punishment. Now, as Zeus still has my reverence, know this well—
300

I tell you on my oath. If you do not find the very hand that made this burial, and reveal him before my eyes, mere death shall not suffice for you, not before, hung up alive, you have made this outrage plain,
305

so that hereafter you may thieve with better knowledge of where your money should be received from, and learn that it is best not to be fond of money-making from any and every source. For you will find that ill-gotten gains bring more men to ruin than to safety.
310

315

Guard

Will you allow me to speak? Or shall I just turn and go?
315

Creon

Do you not know even now how much your voice sickens me?

Guard

Is the pain in your ears, or in your soul?

Creon

And why would you define the seat of my pain?

Guard

He who did it hurts your heart, but I, your ears.

Creon

God! How plain it is that you are a born babbler.
320

Guard

Perhaps, but never the author of this action.

Creon

Yes, and what is more, you sold your life for silver.

Guard

Ah! It is truly sad when the judge judges wrong .

Creon

Expound on judgment as you will. But, if you fail to

show me the perpetrators of these crimes, you will avow that money basely earned wreaks sorrows. Exit Creon.
325

Guard

Well, may the man be found! That would be best. But, whether he be caught or not—for fortune must decide that—I assure you that you will not see me come here again.

Saved just now beyond hope and belief, I owe the gods great thanks. Exit the Guard.
330

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-697-1 δόμων ¹ Κάδμου ² πάροικοι ³ δόμων ⁴

mvp-comment-698-1 οὐκ ἔστι ⁵ στάντα ⁶ στάντα ⁷

mvp-comment-698-2 βίον ⁸ ὁποίᾳ ⁹

mvp-comment-699-1 μάντις … τῶν καθεστώτων ¹⁰ ἐφεστώτων ¹¹

mvp-comment-700-1 ὡς ἐμοί ¹²

mvp-comment-701-1 σώσας … ἐχθρῶν ¹³ δέ ¹⁴ τε ¹⁵ λαβών τε ¹⁶ ηὔθυνε ¹⁷ παντελῆ ¹⁸

mvp-comment-701-2 ηὔθυνε ¹⁹

mvp-comment-701-3 εὐγενεῖ ²⁰

mvp-comment-702-1 ἀφεῖται πάντα ²¹

mvp-comment-703-1 προδῶσιν ²² προδῶσιν ²³ ἀνδρὸς ²⁴ προδῶσιν ²⁵ ἄνδρες ²⁶ ἀνδρός ²⁷ τὰς γὰρ ἡδονάς ²⁸

mvp-comment-703-2 οὐ τίθημι ²⁹

mvp-comment-704-1 For

ζῆν, ζών

has been proposed: but the Epic and Ionic

ζώς

does not occur in

mvp-comment-704-2 τοῦτον ³⁰

mvp-comment-704-3 ἔμψ. νεκρόν ³¹

mvp-comment-705-1 πλούτει … ζῆ ³²

mvp-comment-705-2 εἰ βούλει ³³ ζῆ ³⁴ σχῆμα ³⁵

mvp-comment-706-1 τὸ χαίρειν ³⁶

mvp-comment-706-2 καπνοῦ σκιᾶς ³⁷

mvp-comment-707-1 πριαίμην ἀνδρί ³⁸

mvp-comment-707-2 πρὸς τὴν ἡδ. ³⁹

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

1156. mvp-comment-662-1 στάντα (1) The participle is to be taken closely with the adjective = τινὰ στάσιν ἔχοντα, as in the gloss of V. There is no present position of a human life, in which I would praise it, or find fault with it. Cp. Phil. 174, ἐπὶ παντί τῳ χρείας ἱσταμένῳ, where the participle is similarly added in epexegesis. Or, χώρας] χέων Ε.

1156. mvp-comment-662-2 ἐμοί, ποτέ] 1164. θάλλων] possibly, (2) No settled condition, or (3), like στάντες τ' ἐς ὀρθών, Ο. Τ. 50, No life that is in prosperity. (1) is confirmed by 1160.

1160. mvp-comment-663-1 And no one can prophesy to mortals respecting their present state:' i.e. Whether it will continue or change.

1162. mvp-comment-664-1 σώσας.. εὔθυνε There is a change from the participial construction to the indicative as well as from μὲν.. δέ τo τε: ie. σώσας agrees with the subject of ἦν, and the finite verb εὔθυνε is substituted for εὐθύνων. This is more in accordance with the growing nature of the language of Sophocles, than to suppose, with Seyffert, that σώσας begins a new sentence in apposition to, and epexegetic of, the previous clause. 1165 ff. See v. rr. Seyffert conjectures καὶ γὰρ ἡδοναὶ ὅταν προδῶσιν ἀνδρός. Cp. supr. 578, and note. On the change from plural to singular, see Essay on Language §20. p. 31. And on the inversion (ἡδονὰς προδῶσιν ἄνδρες = ἡδοναὶ προδῶσιν ἄνδρας), ibid. § 42. p. 80, β. In favour of the reading of the MSS. it must be admitted that the plural ἄνδρες, in this pronominal sense, is unusual. The meaning of the MS. reading is, 'A man's pleasures, when they have deserted him, I hold of no account.' But this does not agree with the concluding lines of the speech. Line 1167 had been dropped, and then l. 1166 was altered so as to make sense.

1168. mvp-comment-665-1 πλουτεῖ.. καὶ ζῇ This is the first hand of L, and the words are so quoted by Athenaeus according to some MSS. I have always felt that the transition to the second person imperative (which has been suggested by εἰ βούλει) was somewhat harsh. The present indicative is sometimes used in putting a hypothetical case: (Plat. Theaet. 192 Ε, Σωκράτης ἐπιγιγνώσκει Θεόδωρον καὶ Θεαίτητον, ὁρᾷ δὲ μηδέτερον. So the aor. indicative in Hdt. 7. 10, καὶ δὴ καὶ συνήνεικε ἤτοι κατὰ γῆν ἢ καὶ κατὰ θάλασσαν ἑσσωθῆναι, κ.τ.λ.) And the conversational use of εἰ βούλει (which assists the expression) is too familiar to need illustration. See L. and S. s. v. βούλομαι, 11. 2.

1171. mvp-comment-666-1 πρὸς τὴν ἡδονήν resumes and supplements τὸ χαίρειν. Essay on Language § 40. p. 75.