καὶ νῦν τί τοῦτ᾽ αὖ φασι πανδήμῳ πόλει
Antigone. Sophocles. ed. Lewis Campbell. Oxford. 1879.
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Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Greek) (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879))
Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.
Editions (11)
Greek (L. Benloew, 1858) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (L. Benloew, 1858)) — 7 focus
καὶ νῦν
1
τί τοῦτ᾽ αὖ φασὶ πανδήμῳ πόλει
Greek (A. Boeckh, 1884) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Boeckh, 1884)) — 7 focus
καὶ νῦν τί τοῦτ᾽ αὖ φασὶ πανδήμῳ πόλει
Greek (F. H. Bothe, 1806) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. H. Bothe, 1806)) — 7 focus
καὶ νῦν τί τοῦτ᾽ αὖ φασὶ πανδήμῳ πόλει
Greek (A. Colonna, 1978) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Colonna, 1978)) — 7 focus
καὶ νῦν τί τοῦτ᾽ αὖ φασι πανδήμῳ πόλει
Greek (A. Dain, 1955) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Dain, 1955)) — 7.mvp-line-7 focus
καὶ νῦν τί τοῦτ’ αὖ φασι πανδήμῳ πόλει
Greek (R. D. Dawe, 1979) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (R. D. Dawe, 1979)) — 7 focus
καὶ νῦν τί τοῦτ᾽ αὖ φασι πανδήμωι πόλει
Greek (G. Hermann, 1830) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (G. Hermann, 1830)) — 7 focus
καὶ νῦν τί τοῦτ᾽ αὖ φασὶ πανδήμῳ πόλει
Greek (R. C. Jebb, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (R. C. Jebb, 1906)) — 7 focus
καὶ νῦν τί τοῦτ᾽ αὖ φασὶ πανδήμῳ πόλει
Greek (A. C. Pearson, 1924) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. C. Pearson, 1924)) — 7.mvp-line-7 focus
καὶ νῦν τί τοῦτ᾽ αὖ φασι πανδήμῳ πόλει
Antigone (OCR draft) Experimental (Antigone) — 7 focus
καὶ νῦν τί τοῦτʼ αὖ φασι πανδήμῳ πόλει
Greek (K. Reinhardt, 1949) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (K. Reinhardt, 1949)) — 7 focus
καὶ νῦν τί τοῦτ᾽ αὖ φασι πανδήμωι πόλει
Translations (11)
German (A. Boeckh, 1884) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (A. Boeckh, 1884)) — 7 focus
ISMENE
Was mag ich, o Unsel'ge, wenn dies also liegt,
uns, lösend oder bindend, noch zum Frommen thun?
40
Was mag ich, o Unsel'ge, wenn dies also liegt,
uns, lösend oder bindend, noch zum Frommen thun?
40
Spanish (J. A. Bolufer, 1921) (OCR draft) Experimental (Spanish (J. A. Bolufer, 1921)) — 7 focus
Antígona
Si me acompañarás y me ayudarás, es lo que has de pensar.
Si me acompañarás y me ayudarás, es lo que has de pensar.
Latin (F. H. Bothe, 1806) (OCR draft) Experimental (Latin (F. H. Bothe, 1806)) — 7 focus
Antigone
an operam sis collatura, meque adiutura, vide.
an operam sis collatura, meque adiutura, vide.
English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 7 focus
ANT
Wilt thou share
The danger and the labour? Make thy choice.
Wilt thou share
The danger and the labour? Make thy choice.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 1 focus
Ismene, traute Schwester, vielgeliebtes Haupt,
1
1
Weißt du von einem Leide, das vom Vater her
Zeus nicht an uns vollendet, die wir leben noch?
Denn keinen Jammer gibt es, nichts Entsezliches,
Nichts Arges, nichts Schmachvolles, das ich nicht bereits
5
In deiner Noth gesehen und in meiner Noth.
Und welche Botschaft, heißt es, ließ jezt eben erst
Der Herrscher wieder allem Volk verkündigen?
Weißt du's, vernahmst du's, oder blieb dir unbekannt,
Daß unsern Lieben Böses naht von Feindesmacht?
10
Ismene, traute Schwester, vielgeliebtes Haupt,
1
1
Weißt du von einem Leide, das vom Vater her
Zeus nicht an uns vollendet, die wir leben noch?
Denn keinen Jammer gibt es, nichts Entsezliches,
Nichts Arges, nichts Schmachvolles, das ich nicht bereits
5
In deiner Noth gesehen und in meiner Noth.
Und welche Botschaft, heißt es, ließ jezt eben erst
Der Herrscher wieder allem Volk verkündigen?
Weißt du's, vernahmst du's, oder blieb dir unbekannt,
Daß unsern Lieben Böses naht von Feindesmacht?
10
Ismene.
Zu mir gelangte keine Kund', Antigone,
Von unsern Lieben, frohe nicht noch traurige,
Seitdem das Paar der Brüder uns entrissen ward,
Die Eines Tages fielen durch zwiefachen Mord.
Und seit in dieser jüngsten Nacht sich Argos' Heer
15
Zur Flucht gewendet, wurde mir nichts weiter kund,
Nicht, ob mir mehr des Glückes, ob des Leides ward.
Zu mir gelangte keine Kund', Antigone,
Von unsern Lieben, frohe nicht noch traurige,
Seitdem das Paar der Brüder uns entrissen ward,
Die Eines Tages fielen durch zwiefachen Mord.
Und seit in dieser jüngsten Nacht sich Argos' Heer
15
Zur Flucht gewendet, wurde mir nichts weiter kund,
Nicht, ob mir mehr des Glückes, ob des Leides ward.
Antigone.
Wohl wußt' ich das, und führte deßhalb dich heraus
Zum Thor des Hofes, dir allein es kundzuthun.
Wohl wußt' ich das, und führte deßhalb dich heraus
Zum Thor des Hofes, dir allein es kundzuthun.
Ismene.
Was hast du? Sichtbar wogt in dir ein schweres Wort.
20
Was hast du? Sichtbar wogt in dir ein schweres Wort.
20
Antigone.
Hat Kreon nicht dem Einen Bruder nur gegönnt
Des Grabes Ehre, jenem sie schmachvoll versagt?
Den Eteokles hat er, wie man sagt, gerecht
Gerechter Ordnung huldigend, in der Erde Schooß
Geborgen, daß ihm Ehre sei im Todtenreich;
2
25
Doch Polyneikes' jammervoll entseelten Leib
Verbot er, heißt es, allem Volk durch lauten Ruf
Im Grab zu bergen und um ihn zu klagen; nein,
Daliegen soll er unbeweint, grablos, ein Mahl
Den Vögeln, die zum süßen Raube niederschau'n.
30
Und solches, sagt man, ließ der edle Kreon dir
Und mir, ich sage mir sogar, verkündigen;
Er komme selbst, es deutlich Allen kundzuthun,
Die nicht davon vernommen, und er achte nicht
Für Nichts die Sache; sondern wer deß Eines thut,
35
Den trifft an offner Stätte Tod durch Steinigung.
So ward's von ihm beschlossen, und du zeigst sofort,
Ob edel, ob unedel du von Edlen stammst.
Hat Kreon nicht dem Einen Bruder nur gegönnt
Des Grabes Ehre, jenem sie schmachvoll versagt?
Den Eteokles hat er, wie man sagt, gerecht
Gerechter Ordnung huldigend, in der Erde Schooß
Geborgen, daß ihm Ehre sei im Todtenreich;
2
25
Doch Polyneikes' jammervoll entseelten Leib
Verbot er, heißt es, allem Volk durch lauten Ruf
Im Grab zu bergen und um ihn zu klagen; nein,
Daliegen soll er unbeweint, grablos, ein Mahl
Den Vögeln, die zum süßen Raube niederschau'n.
30
Und solches, sagt man, ließ der edle Kreon dir
Und mir, ich sage mir sogar, verkündigen;
Er komme selbst, es deutlich Allen kundzuthun,
Die nicht davon vernommen, und er achte nicht
Für Nichts die Sache; sondern wer deß Eines thut,
35
Den trifft an offner Stätte Tod durch Steinigung.
So ward's von ihm beschlossen, und du zeigst sofort,
Ob edel, ob unedel du von Edlen stammst.
Ismene.
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 7 focus
Ismene
What daring deed
Wouldst thou attempt? What is it? Speak !
What daring deed
Wouldst thou attempt? What is it? Speak !
Spanish (A. G. Garbin, 1889) (OCR draft) Experimental (Spanish (A. G. Garbin, 1889)) — 7 focus
ANTÍGONA
Ve si quieres cooperar conmigo y ayudarme en mi propósito.
Ve si quieres cooperar conmigo y ayudarme en mi propósito.
German (F. Hölderlin, 1804) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (F. Hölderlin, 1804)) — 7 focus
ANTIGONAE
Ob mitthun du, mithelfen wollest, forsche!
Ob mitthun du, mithelfen wollest, forsche!
English (Sir Richard Jebb1, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb1, 1904)) — 7 focus
Antigone
Consider if thou wilt share the toil and the deed.
Consider if thou wilt share the toil and the deed.
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 7 focus
Creon
ANTIS. 1.
STRO. 2.
ANTIS. 2.
162
Devote the night to festive dance;
To every god at every shrine,
To Bacchus chief, pay rites divine 1.
Let Bacchus lead the frolic train,
And swell through Thebes the joyful strain.
165
But see the royal Creon, whose new sway
165
The sons of Thebes must now obey,
The gods assigning him this glorious fate,
To council comes in awful state;
And here, by heralds warn'd, we stand,
The sages of the realm, to hear his high command.
Since now, ye men of Thebes, the gods, who shook
170
With many a surging wave this sinking state
Again have raised it from the storm secure,
You by my heralds to attend me here
Selected I have summon'd; for I know
How highly you revered the throne and pow'r
Of Laius; and again when Edipus
175
Was king; and, after his disastrous fate,
175
I saw how firm, how loyal to his sons
Your zeal remain'd; but now, since they are fallen,
Each by the other's hand, in the same day,
By mutual wounds and mutual guilt, the crown
And regal pow'r by right devolve on me!
As nearest to the slain by blood allied.
180
But who can penetrate man's secret thought,
The quality and temper of his soul,
Till by high office put to frequent proof,
And execution of the laws? To me
The Sovereign of a state, who weak of soul
Adheres not to the sagest counsels firm,
185
But suffers fear to close his lips, appears
185
Most base and abject; such I deem him now,
And always deem'd: and him, who dearer holds
A private friendship than the secret ties
Which bind him to his country, I esteem
A weak slight man. But I (all-seeing Jove,
Be thou my witness!) ne'er will close my lips
190
In silence, to my people if I see
A threatening danger, or approaching ill:
And never will I hold that man my friend,
Who to my country bears an hostile mind;
Well knowing that on her we all depend
For safety: whilst that bark securely ploughs
195
A tranquil sea, we, as we sail, make friends.
195
I by such rules will raise the Theban state
To higher glory; and allied to these
My edict through the city is proclaim'd
Touching the sons of Edipus: the youth,
Who fighting for his country greatly died,
In arms illustrious, honour'd in the tomb
200
I bade them lay, with all the hallow'd rites
Paid to the noblest of the dead below.
But Polynices, who from exile came
Back to his country and his country's gods,
Eager to gorge himself with kindred blood,
And lead these hence as slaves, it is proclaim'd
205
That none with solemn obsequies entomb,
205
That none lament; unburied let him lie,
And let his mangled carcase be devour'd
By dogs and birds of prey. Such is my will.
For never to the base will I allow
The honours to the virtuous only due:
But he, who loves my country, shall by me
210
211cont2
Alike be honour'd, let him live or die.
215
Devote the night to festive dance;
To every god at every shrine,
To Bacchus chief, pay rites divine 1.
Let Bacchus lead the frolic train,
And swell through Thebes the joyful strain.
165
But see the royal Creon, whose new sway
165
The sons of Thebes must now obey,
The gods assigning him this glorious fate,
To council comes in awful state;
And here, by heralds warn'd, we stand,
The sages of the realm, to hear his high command.
Since now, ye men of Thebes, the gods, who shook
170
With many a surging wave this sinking state
Again have raised it from the storm secure,
You by my heralds to attend me here
Selected I have summon'd; for I know
How highly you revered the throne and pow'r
Of Laius; and again when Edipus
175
Was king; and, after his disastrous fate,
175
I saw how firm, how loyal to his sons
Your zeal remain'd; but now, since they are fallen,
Each by the other's hand, in the same day,
By mutual wounds and mutual guilt, the crown
And regal pow'r by right devolve on me!
As nearest to the slain by blood allied.
180
But who can penetrate man's secret thought,
The quality and temper of his soul,
Till by high office put to frequent proof,
And execution of the laws? To me
The Sovereign of a state, who weak of soul
Adheres not to the sagest counsels firm,
185
But suffers fear to close his lips, appears
185
Most base and abject; such I deem him now,
And always deem'd: and him, who dearer holds
A private friendship than the secret ties
Which bind him to his country, I esteem
A weak slight man. But I (all-seeing Jove,
Be thou my witness!) ne'er will close my lips
190
In silence, to my people if I see
A threatening danger, or approaching ill:
And never will I hold that man my friend,
Who to my country bears an hostile mind;
Well knowing that on her we all depend
For safety: whilst that bark securely ploughs
195
A tranquil sea, we, as we sail, make friends.
195
I by such rules will raise the Theban state
To higher glory; and allied to these
My edict through the city is proclaim'd
Touching the sons of Edipus: the youth,
Who fighting for his country greatly died,
In arms illustrious, honour'd in the tomb
200
I bade them lay, with all the hallow'd rites
Paid to the noblest of the dead below.
But Polynices, who from exile came
Back to his country and his country's gods,
Eager to gorge himself with kindred blood,
And lead these hence as slaves, it is proclaim'd
205
That none with solemn obsequies entomb,
205
That none lament; unburied let him lie,
And let his mangled carcase be devour'd
By dogs and birds of prey. Such is my will.
For never to the base will I allow
The honours to the virtuous only due:
But he, who loves my country, shall by me
210
Alike be honour'd, let him live or die.
215
English (Sir Richard Jebb2, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb2, 1904)) — 1-98 focus
1
39
69
Antigone
Ismene, my sister, true child of my own mother, do you know any evil out of all the evils bequeathed by Oedipus that Zeus will not fulfil for the two of us in our lifetime? There is nothing—no pain, no ruin,
1
no shame, nor dishonor—that I have not seen in your sufferings and mine. And now what is this new edict that they say the general has just decreed to all the city? Do you know anything? Have you heard? Or does it escape you that
5
evils from our enemies are on the march against our friends?
10
Ismene, my sister, true child of my own mother, do you know any evil out of all the evils bequeathed by Oedipus that Zeus will not fulfil for the two of us in our lifetime? There is nothing—no pain, no ruin,
1
no shame, nor dishonor—that I have not seen in your sufferings and mine. And now what is this new edict that they say the general has just decreed to all the city? Do you know anything? Have you heard? Or does it escape you that
5
evils from our enemies are on the march against our friends?
10
Ismene
To me no word of our friends, Antigone, either bringing joy or bringing pain has come since we two were robbed of our two brothers who died in one day by a double blow.
And since the
Argive
army has fled during this night, I have learned nothing further, whether better fortune is mine, or further ruin.
15
To me no word of our friends, Antigone, either bringing joy or bringing pain has come since we two were robbed of our two brothers who died in one day by a double blow.
And since the
Argive
army has fled during this night, I have learned nothing further, whether better fortune is mine, or further ruin.
15
Antigone
I knew it well, so I was trying to bring you outside the courtyard gates to this end, that you alone might hear.
I knew it well, so I was trying to bring you outside the courtyard gates to this end, that you alone might hear.
Ismene
Hear what? It is clear that you are brooding on some dark news.
20
Hear what? It is clear that you are brooding on some dark news.
20
Antigone
Why not? Has not Creon destined our brothers, the one to honored burial, the other to unburied shame? Eteocles, they say, with due observance of right and custom, he has laid in the earth
for his honor among the dead below. As for the poor corpse of Polyneices, however, they say that an edict has been published to the townsmen that no one shall bury him or mourn him, but instead leave him unwept, unentombed, for the birds a pleasing store
25
as they look to satisfy their hunger. Such, it is said, is the edict that the good Creon has laid down for you and for me—yes, for me—and it is said that he is coming here to proclaim it for the certain knowledge of those who do not already know. They say that he does not conduct this business lightly,
30
but whoever performs any of these rites, for him the fate appointed is death by public stoning among the entire city. This is how things stand for you, and so you will soon show your nature, whether you are noble-minded, or the corrupt daughter of a noble line.
35
39
Why not? Has not Creon destined our brothers, the one to honored burial, the other to unburied shame? Eteocles, they say, with due observance of right and custom, he has laid in the earth
for his honor among the dead below. As for the poor corpse of Polyneices, however, they say that an edict has been published to the townsmen that no one shall bury him or mourn him, but instead leave him unwept, unentombed, for the birds a pleasing store
25
as they look to satisfy their hunger. Such, it is said, is the edict that the good Creon has laid down for you and for me—yes, for me—and it is said that he is coming here to proclaim it for the certain knowledge of those who do not already know. They say that he does not conduct this business lightly,
30
but whoever performs any of these rites, for him the fate appointed is death by public stoning among the entire city. This is how things stand for you, and so you will soon show your nature, whether you are noble-minded, or the corrupt daughter of a noble line.
35
Ismene
Poor sister, if things have come to this, what would I
profit by loosening or tightening this knot?
40
Poor sister, if things have come to this, what would I
profit by loosening or tightening this knot?
40
Antigone
Consider whether you will share the toil and the task.
Consider whether you will share the toil and the task.
Ismene
What are you hazarding? What do you intend?
What are you hazarding? What do you intend?
Antigone
Will you join your hand to mine in order to lift his corpse?
Will you join your hand to mine in order to lift his corpse?
Ismene
You plan to bury him—when it is forbidden to the city?
You plan to bury him—when it is forbidden to the city?
Antigone
Yes, he is my brother, and yours too, even if you wish it otherwise. I will never be convicted of betraying him.
45
Yes, he is my brother, and yours too, even if you wish it otherwise. I will never be convicted of betraying him.
45
Ismene
Hard girl! Even when Creon has forbidden it?
Hard girl! Even when Creon has forbidden it?
Antigone
No, he has no right to keep me from my own.
No, he has no right to keep me from my own.
Ismene
Ah, no! Think, sister, how our father
perished in hatred and infamy, when, because of the crimes that he himself detected, he smashed both his eyes with self-blinding hand; then his mother-wife, two names in one, with a twisted noose destroyed her life;
50
lastly, our two brothers in a single day, both unhappy murderers of their own flesh and blood, worked with mutual hands their common doom. And now we, in turn—we two who have been left all alone—consider how much more miserably we will be destroyed, if in defiance of the law
55
we transgress against an autocrat’s decree or his powers. No, we must remember, first, that ours is a woman’s nature, and accordingly not suited to battles against men; and next, that we are ruled by the more powerful, so that we must obey in these things and in things even more stinging.
60
I, therefore, will ask those below for pardon, since I am forced to this, and will obey those who have come to authority. It is foolish to do what is fruitless.
65
69
Ah, no! Think, sister, how our father
perished in hatred and infamy, when, because of the crimes that he himself detected, he smashed both his eyes with self-blinding hand; then his mother-wife, two names in one, with a twisted noose destroyed her life;
50
lastly, our two brothers in a single day, both unhappy murderers of their own flesh and blood, worked with mutual hands their common doom. And now we, in turn—we two who have been left all alone—consider how much more miserably we will be destroyed, if in defiance of the law
55
we transgress against an autocrat’s decree or his powers. No, we must remember, first, that ours is a woman’s nature, and accordingly not suited to battles against men; and next, that we are ruled by the more powerful, so that we must obey in these things and in things even more stinging.
60
I, therefore, will ask those below for pardon, since I am forced to this, and will obey those who have come to authority. It is foolish to do what is fruitless.
65
Antigone
I would not encourage you—no, nor, even if you were willing later,
would I welcome you as my partner in this action. No, be the sort that pleases you. I will bury him—it would honor me to die while doing that. I shall rest with him, loved one with loved one, a pious criminal. For the time is greater
70
that I must serve the dead than the living, since in that world I will rest forever. But if you so choose, continue to dishonor what the gods in honor have established.
75
I would not encourage you—no, nor, even if you were willing later,
would I welcome you as my partner in this action. No, be the sort that pleases you. I will bury him—it would honor me to die while doing that. I shall rest with him, loved one with loved one, a pious criminal. For the time is greater
70
that I must serve the dead than the living, since in that world I will rest forever. But if you so choose, continue to dishonor what the gods in honor have established.
75
Ismene
I do them no dishonor. But to act in violation of the citizens’ will—of that I am by nature incapable.
I do them no dishonor. But to act in violation of the citizens’ will—of that I am by nature incapable.
Antigone
You can make that your pretext! Regardless, I will go now to heap a tomb over the brother I love.
80
You can make that your pretext! Regardless, I will go now to heap a tomb over the brother I love.
80
Ismene
Oh no, unhappy sister! I fear for you!
Oh no, unhappy sister! I fear for you!
Antigone
Do not tremble for me. Straighten out your own destiny.
Do not tremble for me. Straighten out your own destiny.
Ismene
Then at least disclose the deed to no one before you do it.
Conceal it, instead, in secrecy—and so, too, will I.
85
Then at least disclose the deed to no one before you do it.
Conceal it, instead, in secrecy—and so, too, will I.
85
Antigone
Go on! Denounce it! You will be far more hated for your silence, if you fail to proclaim these things to everyone.
Go on! Denounce it! You will be far more hated for your silence, if you fail to proclaim these things to everyone.
Ismene
You have a hot heart for chilling deeds.
You have a hot heart for chilling deeds.
Antigone
I know that I please those whom I am most bound to please.
I know that I please those whom I am most bound to please.
Ismene
Yes, if you will also have the power. But you crave the impossible.
90
Yes, if you will also have the power. But you crave the impossible.
90
Antigone
Why then, when my strength fails, I will have finished.
Why then, when my strength fails, I will have finished.
Ismene
An impossible hunt should not be tried in the first place.
An impossible hunt should not be tried in the first place.
Antigone
If you mean that, you will have my hatred, and you will be subject to punishment as the enemy of the dead.
But leave me and the foolish plan I have authored to suffer this terrible thing, for I will not suffer anything so terrible that my death will lack honor.
95
If you mean that, you will have my hatred, and you will be subject to punishment as the enemy of the dead.
But leave me and the foolish plan I have authored to suffer this terrible thing, for I will not suffer anything so terrible that my death will lack honor.
95
Ismene
Go, then, if you so decide. And of this be sure: though your path is foolish, to your loved ones your love is straight and true.
Exit Antigone on the spectators’ left. Ismene exits into the palace.
Go, then, if you so decide. And of this be sure: though your path is foolish, to your loved ones your love is straight and true.
Exit Antigone on the spectators’ left. Ismene exits into the palace.
Commentary
Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))
Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus
1-17. mvp-comment-1-1 The opening speeches reveal the contrast between the sisters, while the affectionate address of Antigone in l. 1 gives greater emphasis to her violent outbreak in l. 69. Cp. О. Т. 85, and note.
7-8. mvp-comment-7-1 πανδήμῳ.. στρατηγόν The Thebans had gone forth πανδημεί under Creon's generalship, and he had made the proclamation as στρατηγός, before assuming the civil power. Cp. Thuc. 5. 60, § 5, τὰς ἀπὸ στρατείας δίκας πρὶν ἐσιέναι κρίνουσιν. The publicity of the edict makes it more painful. Antigone knows what she is doing. Infr. 44, 907.