Sophocles Trachiniae 436

Richard Jebb (Translator)

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Trachiniae. Sophocles. Richard Jebb (Translator). Cambridge. 1892.

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Current edition Experimental

Trachiniae (English) (Sophocles the plays and fragments, Part 5: The Trachiniae. Jebb, Richard Claverhouse, Sir, translator. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1892. (Modernized by Perseus.))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 436 focus
μή, πρός σε πρὸς σὲ πρὸς σὺ τοῦ κατ᾿ ἄκρον Οἰταῖον νάπος
Διὸς καταστράπτοντος, ἐκκλέψῃς λόγον.
οὐ γὰρ γυναικὶ τοὺς λόγους ἐρεῖς κακῇ,
οὐδ᾽ ἥτις οὐ κάτοιδε τἀνθρώπων, ὅτι
χαίρειν πέφυκεν οὐχὶ τοῖς τοι τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἀεί.
440
Ἔρωτι μέν νυν μεν.. ῦν μεν νῦν μὲν νῦν ὅστις ἀντανίσταται
πύκτης ὅπως ἐς χεῖρας, οὐ καλῶς φρονεῖ.
οὗτος γὰρ ἄρχει καὶ θεῶν ὅπως θέλει,
κἀμοῦ γε· πῶς δ᾽ οὐ χἀτέρας, οἵας γ᾿ ἐμοῦ;
ὥστ᾽ εἴ τι τώμῷ τ᾿ ἀνδρὶ om. add τἀνδρὶ τ᾿ ἀνδρὶ τῇδε τῇ νόσῳ
445
ληφθέντι μεμπτός εἰμι μεμπτὸσ εἰμὶ μεμπτός εἰμι, κάρτα μαίνομαι,
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 436 focus
Translations (4)
English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 436 focus
Nay, I entreat thee by His name, whose fire
Lightens down Oeta’s topmost glen, be not
A niggard of the truth. Thou tell’st thy tale
To no weak woman, but to one who knows
Mankind are never constant to one joy.
Whoso would buffet Love, aspires in vain.
For Love leads even Immortals at his will,
And me. Then how not others, like to me?
’Twere madness, sure, in me to blame my lord
When this hath caught him, or the woman there,
His innocent accomplice in a thing,
No shame to either, and no harm to me.
It is not so. But if from him thou learnest
440
The lore of falsehood, it were best unlearnt;
440
Or if the instruction comes of thine own thought,
440
Such would-be kindness doth not prove thee kind.
Then tell me all the truth. To one free-born
The name of liar is a hateful lot.
And thou canst not be hid. Thy news was heard
By many, who will tell me. If thou fearest,
Thou hast no cause—for doubtfulness is pain,
But to know all, what harm? His loves ere now
Were they not manifold? And none hath borne
Reproach or evil word from me. She shall not,
Though his new passion were as strong as death;
Since most mine eye hath pitied her, because
Her beauty was the ruin of her life,
445
And all unweeting, she her own bright land,
445
Poor hapless one! hath ravaged and enslaved.—
445
Let that be as it must. But for thy part,
Though false to others, be still true to me.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 436 focus
Ich flehe dir bei'm Gotte, der auf waldigen
Felshöh'n des Oeta donnert, nicht verhehle mir's.
Denn keinem niedern Weibe sagst du solches Wort,
Noch Einer, die nicht wüßte, daß im Leben nicht
Denselben Menschen immerdar die Freude lacht.
435
Wer nun dem Eros Widerstand zu bieten wagt,
Faustkämpfern gleich, mit Händen, ist ein arger Thor.
Denn er beherrscht auch Götter, wie es ihm gefällt,
Und mich: warum nicht Andre, die mir gleichen, auch?
So wär' ich wohl von Sinnen, wenn ich meinem Mann
440
Groll hegte, daß ihn dieses Weh' ergriffen hat,
Und dieser Jungfrau, welche Nichts verschuldete,
Was sie verunehrt oder was mich kränken kanu.
Nicht also thu' ich! Aber wenn dich jener so
Die Lüge lehrte, lerntest du nichts Nühmliches:
445
Und wenn du hier dein eigner Lehrer bist, so wirst
Du schlecht erscheinen, wo du redlich heißen willst.
Sprich denn die Wahrheit offen aus; dem Freien hängt
Des Lügners Name schmählich als ein Flecken an.
Und mir's zu hehlen, das gelingt dir nimmermehr;
450
Denn Viele, denen du's vertraut, die sagen mir's.
Und wenn dir bangt, so bangt dir ohne Grund, indem,
Es nicht erfahren, mich allein betrüben kann.
Doch Wissen, kann das schaden? Hat nicht Herakles,
Der eine Mann, viel' andre Weiber schon gefreit?
455
Und keine noch aus diesen hat ein böses Wort
Noch Hohn von mir erduldet: ihr auch groll' ich nicht,
Und mag er auch in heißer Liebe glüh'n um sie;
Auf ihr ja ruht vor Allen mitleidvoll mein Blick,
Weil ihr die Schönheit mordet', ach! des Lebens Glück,
460
Und sie das Land der Väter nicht nach eigner Wahl
In Noth und Knechtschaft stürzte. Doch das ziehe hin
Mit guten Winden! Aber dir bedeut' ich: sei
Unwahr für Andre, gegen mich stets ohne Falsch!
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 436 focus
Assembled multitudes. The citizens
Lie. They might say they heard
Reports like these. But must it therefore seem
A truth undoubted?
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 436 focus
By Jove, who rolls his thunders through the grove
That shades the brow of Eta, do not hide
The truth: to no base woman wilt thou speak,
Noi an untaught mind that hath not mark'd
Man's nature, form'd not always to delight
In what once pleases. He, 'gainst Love who stands
In daring opposition, is unwise.
Love at his pleasure lords it o'er the gods,
O'er me too; why not o'er another then
E'en such as I? Should I then blame my lord
As vanquish'd by this pow'r; or should I blame
This woman, who to me causes no ill,
Nor brings dishonour, I were mad indeed.
It is not so. But if by him thy mind
To falsehood hath been train'd, no honest lore
Hast thou been taught : if from thyself thou draw'st
440
This glozing science, when thy heart shall prompt
440
To open faith, distrust with jealous eye
440
Will look on thee as base: let then thy tongue
Always speak truth: on the free man, who bears
The hateful brand of falsehood, shame attends.
Can'st thou escape detection ? Vain that hope:
What thou to many hast divulged, to me
Some will disclose. If thou hast fears, those fears
Are vain and causeless: not to be inform'd,
Aye, that indeed would grieve me; but to know,
Can that be dreadful? Hath not Hercules
Admitted others to his nuptial bed,
And many? Yet not one of those e'er heard
Harsh word from me, or keen reproach; nor now
Shall this Eubœan, though with love she melt
His yielding heart. Her, most of all the train,
Soon as I saw, I pitied: well I know
445
Her beauty hath undone her; cruel fate,
445
And not her will, hath on her country brought
445
Ruin and slavery. Of these things no more;
445
I give them to the winds. But mark thou well
My charge, on others practise thy deceits,
But always let thy tongue speak truth to me.

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-229-1 πρός σε τοῦ … Διός 1

mvp-comment-229-2 νάπος 2

mvp-comment-229-3 ἐκκλέψῃς λόγον 3

mvp-comment-230-1 Deianeira argues:—(1) 438 —448: he need not fear that she will feel rancour against Heracles or Iolè: (2) 449—454: falsehood would be disgraceful for him,—and, if his motive were kind, useless: (3) 455 f.: detection would be certain: (4) 457 ff.: he need not be afraid of paining her. (5) In vv. 461— 467 she returns to the first topic.

mvp-comment-230-2 κακῇ 4

mvp-comment-230-3 τἀνθρώπων 5

mvp-comment-230-4 πέφυκεν 6 πεφύκας’ 7

mvp-comment-231-1 Ἔρωτι μέν νυν 8

mvp-comment-231-2 πύκτης ὅπως 9

mvp-comment-231-3 οὐ καλῶς φρονεῖ 10

mvp-comment-232-1 ἄρχει καὶ θεῶν 11

mvp-comment-233-1 κἀμοῦ γε 12 γε 13

mvp-comment-233-2 πῶς δ’ οὐ 14

mvp-comment-233-3 οἵας γ’ ἐμοῦ 15 γε 16

mvp-comment-233-4 Wunder and Nauck reject this beautiful verse, because: (1) by

κἀμοῦ γε
Deianeira implies that she is stronger than the gods; and also that she has been untrue to her husband: (2) she cannot assume that Iolè returns the passion of Heracles; nor does Iolè's feeling come into account here.

mvp-comment-234-1 τὠμῷ τ’ ἀνδρὶ 17 τε 18 ἢ 19

mvp-comment-234-2 τῇδε τῇ νόσῳ 20

mvp-comment-234-3 μεμπτός 21

mvp-comment-235-1 τοῦ μηδὲν αἰσχροῦ 22 μηδ’ ἐμοὶ κακοῦ τινος 23 τοῦ 24

mvp-comment-235-2 This is a remarkable passage, and it is of some moment to understand it rightly. The meaning is not merely that Iolè's relation to Heracles was excused by the omnipotence of Erôs. Concubinage (

παλλακία
) was not merely tolerated by Athenian opinion, but, in some measure, protected by law (see e.g. , Lys. or. 1 § 31 : Isae. or. 8 § 39 ). Its relation to the life of the family is illustrated by the Andromachè of Euripides; for though Andromachè is Trojan, and Hermionè Spartan, the sentiments are Athenian. A wife (
γαμετὴ γυνή
) who tolerates a
παλλακή
is there represented as proving her goodness of heart (
ἀρετή
, 226), and her wise moderation (938—942); she ought to be consoled by her higher place, and by the advantage which her children will have over the
νόθοι
.

mvp-comment-235-3 But is Deianeira in earnest here; or is she feigning acquiescence, to reassure Lichas? Presently she tells the Chorus that she cannot endure to share her home with Iolè (539—546). Probably Sophocles meant her to be sincere in both places. The faith in her own power to bear the trial is natural at this moment of excitement and suspense. Not less so is the reaction, when she knows the worst, and has had time to think.

mvp-comment-236-1 οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτ)· ἀλλ’ 25 οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα 26

mvp-comment-236-2 μαθὼν … ἐκμανθάνεις 27

mvp-comment-237-1 αὑτὸν 28 ὀφθήσει 29

mvp-comment-238-1 κὴρ 30 πρόσεστιν 31

mvp-comment-239-1 ὅπως δὲ λήσεις 32 ὅπως δὲ λήσεις 33

mvp-comment-240-1 δέδοικας … ταρβεῖς 34

mvp-comment-240-2 τοῦτο 35

mvp-comment-241-1 πλείστας ἀνὴρ εἷς 36

mvp-comment-241-2 ἔγημε 37

mvp-comment-241-3 The legendary loves of Heracles were as numerous as the local myths which claimed Heracleid <*>escent for clans or houses. Thus his bride Megara connected him with Thebes; Astydameia, with Thessaly; Astyochè, with Epeirus; Epicastè, with Elis; Parthenopè, with Arcadia; Chalciopè, with Cos; the Thespiades, with Sardinia; and so forth. The number of his sons finally grew to about seventy, whose mothers are enumerated by Apollodorus (2. 7. 8).

mvp-comment-242-1 ἠνέγκατ’ 38

mvp-comment-242-2 ἥδε τε, οὐδ’ εἰ … ἐντακείῃ 39 ἂν 40 οὐδ’ 41 εἰ 42 ἂν 43

mvp-comment-242-3 ἐντακείη τῷ φιλεῖν 44

mvp-comment-242-4 ἐντακείη 45 τῷ φιλεῖν 46

mvp-comment-242-5 The conject. ἐκτακείη 47

mvp-comment-243-1 ᾤκτιρα 48 δὴ 49

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

436ff. mvp-comment-330-1 In this speech of Deianira, although she dissembles her jealousy in order to draw the truth from Lichas, yet the real gentleness of her character is also expressed. Cр. l. 445 with infr. 543-4.

436. mvp-comment-331-1 πρός σε τοῦ, κ.τ.λ.] This peculiar inversion seems to belong to the later manner of Sophocles. Cр. О. С. 250, 1333, Phil. 468.

437. mvp-comment-332-1 ἐκκλέψῃς λόγον] Cheat me of the truth.' ἐκκλέπτειν here is to deprive by falsehood. λόγον, ‘The true account.' Cp. Aesch. Prom. 783, μηδ' ἀτιμάσῃς λόγους.

439. mvp-comment-333-1 Either (1) To be always glad is not granted by Nature to the same person,' or (2) 'He' (man, ἄνθρωπος, implied in τὰ ἀνθρώπων) ‘is not of a nature to delight always in the same things.' For (1) cp. Thuc. 2. 64, πάντα γὰρ πέφυκε καὶ ἐλασσοῦσθαι: El. 859, πᾶσι θνατοῖς ἔφυ μόρος. And, for (2), Phil. 88, ἔφυν γὰρ οὐδὲν ἐκ τέχνης πράσσειν κακῆς. The first meaning is more pathetic, and on the whole preferable, although the second may be thought to suit better with Deianira's present purpose (see especially l. 448). For the indefinite or collective singular alternating with the plural in (2), see Essay on L. § 20. p. 31, 3.

441. mvp-comment-334-1 μέν has no distinct antithesis, but prepares for ἀλλὰ . . ἀλλά in ll. 449, 453. Cp. with εἰς χεῖρας ἰέναι the old English expression, To go to buffets.'

443-444. mvp-comment-335-1 καὶ θεῶν. . κἀμοῦ γε] 'Even over the gods, and certainly over me.'

444ff. mvp-comment-336-1 The following quotation from La Fameuse Comédienne is believed to record the personal experience of Molière: My passion has risen to such a height that it goes the length of entering with sympathy into her concerns; and when I consider how impossible it is for me to overcome my love for her, I say to myself that she may have the same difficulty in subduing her inclinations, and I feel accordingly more disposed to pity her than to blame her.' -See Molière, in Blackwood's Foreign Classics, p. 106. οἷας γ᾽ ἐμοῦ] 'I mean one who is a woman as I am.' Cp. infr. 447. For the attraction (= οῖα ἐγώ εἰμι), see Essay on L. § 35. p. 59 , and cp. Plato, Soph. 237 C, χαλεπὸν ἥρου καὶ οἴῳ γε ἐμοὶ παντάπασιν ἄπορον.

445. mvp-comment-337-1 τε.. 447. ἤ ἤ is substituted for the second τε as the disjunctive nature of the sentence becomes more prominent. See Essay on L. § 36. p. 65 f , and cp. Plat. Theaet. 143 C, περὶ αὐτοῦ τε .. ἢ αὖ περὶ τοῦ ἀποκρινομένου . .

446. mvp-comment-338-1 μεμπτός εἰμι] 'Feel reproachfully. For this use of the verbal adjective, cp. supr. 357, ὁ ῥιπτὸς Ἰφίτου μόρος, and note. The force of the verbal here is, 'Touched with a feeling of blame,' 'Affected with displeasure' = μομφὴν ἔχων (Αj. 180). μαίνομαι] Cp. Aj. 1330, ἡ γὰρ εἴην οὐκ ἂν εὐ φρονῶν: Aesch. Ag. 1064, ἦ μαίνεταί γε καὶ κακῶν κλύει φρενῶν, κ.τ.λ.

447. mvp-comment-339-1 μεταιτίᾳ] ‘Of that which is in no way disgraceful '-because shared by so many. ἐρᾷς· τί τοῦτο θαῦμα; σὺν πολλοῖς βροτῶν, Eur. Hipp. 439.

448. mvp-comment-340-1 μηδ᾽ ἐμοὶ κακοῦ τινος] ‘Nor at all involving mischief to me.' The indefinite pronoun has an adverbial force. Essay on L. § 22. p. 36, sub fin. From the point of view which she is trying to put before Lichas, Deianira still holds her position as the wife of Heracles. See below, l. 550.

449. mvp-comment-341-1 οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα] 'There is no such thing,' as this jealous feeling you are afraid to wound.

450. mvp-comment-342-1 ἐκμανθάνεις] ἐκ is repeated from ἐκ κείνου, without adding to the meaning. Essay on L. § 55. p. 101.

451. mvp-comment-343-1 If you are your own instructor in this,' i. e. if you are not acting on instructions from another.

452. mvp-comment-344-1 γενέσθαι χρηστός] ‘Το prove yourself good.' Cp. Thuc. 3. 14. § 2, γίγνεσθε.. ἄνδρες οἴουσπερ ὑμᾶς οἵ τε Ἕλληνες ἀξιοῦσι, κ.τ.λ. ὀφθήσει] Cp. Ant. 709, ὤφθησαν κενοί.

453. mvp-comment-345-1 ἐλευθέρῳ . . καλή] i. e. εἰ ἐλεύθερός τις ὢν ψευδὴs καλεῖται, πρόσεστιν αὐτῷ οὐ καλὴ αὕτη ἡ κήρ. For προσεῖναι of a moral attribute, cp. Isocr. Panathen. p. 250, ἣν περὶ ἀνδρὸς τοιούτου διαλεγόμενος παραλίπω τι τῶν ἐκείνῳ τε προσόντων ἀγαθῶν κἀμοὶ προσηκόντων εἰπεῖν : ib. 256 C.

455. mvp-comment-346-1 The same inverted style, occasioned by Deianira's earnestness, is continued in ll. 458, 9. As to any way of concluding detection, neither is that feasible for you.'

457. mvp-comment-347-1 κεἰ μὲν δέδοικας] A suppressed antithesis is slightly hinted in μέν : viz. 'And if you are not afraid, why not have told me?' Ср. О. Т. 227, κεί μὲν φοβεῖται, κ.τ.λ. οὐ καλῶς] «Unworthily, because groundlessly. For the variation in δέδοικας .. ταρβεῖς. cp. Ο. Τ. 54.

458. mvp-comment-348-1 τὸ μὴ πυθέσθαι] i. e. Τo remain in suspense, when the doubt has once been suggested.

460. mvp-comment-349-1 For ἀνὴρ εἷς, cp. Ο. Τ. 1380, and note.

462. mvp-comment-350-1 ἠνέγκατο] 'Has obtained.' φέρεσθαι is to carry away with oneself either good or evil. Cp Plat. Legg. 6. 762 Α, ἀνείδη φερέσθωσαν: Rep. 3. 406 Β, καλὸν (ironical) .. τὸ γέρας .. ἠνέγκατο. ἥδε τ'] We should rather have expected δέ, but te may have been preferred for the sake of euphony. There are already four d's in the line.

463. mvp-comment-351-1 ἐντακείη τῷ φιλεῖν] The subject may be (1) Iole. Hermann defends this by referring to l. 444. But, taking into account the whole connection, and also the meaning of φιλεῖν, which implies active rather than passive affection (cp. O. C. 1617 foll., τὸ γὰρ φιλεῖν οὐκ ἔστιν ἐξ ὅτου πλέον, κ.τ.λ.), it is better to suppose (2) a change of subject, or rather a reversion to the main subject, with the Scholiast and Mr. Blaydes. 'And she shall not, though he were irrevocably steeped in his affection' (for her). ἐντακῆναι is used of that which adheres indissolubly. Cp. El. 1311, μισός τε γὰρ παλαιὸν ἐντέτηκέ μοι, and especially Plat. Symp. 183 E, ὁ δὲ τοῦ ἤθους χρηστοῦ ὄντος ἐραστὴς διὰ βίου μένει, ἅτε μονίμῳ συντακείς.