Περὶ ἡμερῶν ἐν αἷς γεγόνασί τινες τῶν ἐπιφανῶν· ἐν ᾧ καὶ περὶ τῆς λεγομένης ἐκ θεῶν γενέσεως.

[1] 5 τῇ ἕκτῃ τοῦ Θαργηλιῶνος ἱσταμένου τὴν Σωκράτους ἀγαγόντες γενέθλιον, τῇ ἑβδόμῃ τὴν Πλάτωνος ἢγομεν, καὶ τοῦτο πρῶτον λόγους ἡμῖν παρεῖχε 10 τῇ συντυχίᾳ πρέποντας, ὧν κατῆρξε Διογενιανὸς ὁ Περγαμηνός. ἔφη γὰρ οὐ φαύλως εἰπεῖν Ἴωνα¹ περὶ τῆς τύχης ὅτι πολλὰ τῆς σοφίας διαφέρουσα πλεῖστʼ αὐτῇ² ὅμοια ποιεῖ τοῦτο μέντοι μουσικῶς ἔοικεν ἀπαυτοματίσαι τὸ μὴ μόνον οὕτω σύνεγγυς, 15 ἀλλὰ καὶ πρότερον τῇ δόξῃ³ γεγονέναι τὸν πρεσβύτερον 717c καὶ καθηγητήν. ἐμοὶ δὲ πολλὰ λέγειν ἐπῄει τοῖς παροῦσι τῶν εἰς ταὐτὸ καιροῦ συνδραμόντων· οἷον ἦν τὸ περὶ τῆς Εὐριπίδου γενέσεως καὶ τελευτῆς, γενομένου μὲν ἡμέρᾳ καθʼ ἣν οἱ Ἕλληνες ἐναυμάχουν 20 ἐν Σαλαμῖνι πρὸς τὸν Μῆδον⁴, ἀποθανόντος δὲ καθʼ ἣν ἐγεννήθη Διονύσιος ὁ πρεσβύτερος τῶν ἐν Σικελίᾳ τυράννων⁵· ἅμα τῆς τύχης, ὡς Τίμαιος⁶ ἔφη, τὸν μιμητὴν ἐξαγούσης τῶν τραγικῶν παθῶν καὶ τὸν ἀγωνιστὴν ἐπεισαγούσης ἐμνήσθησαν δὲ καὶ τῆς Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ βασιλέως τελευτῆς καὶ τῆς Διογένους τοῦ Κυνὸς ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ⁷ γενομένης. καὶ τὸν 5 717d μὲν Ἄτταλον·ν ἐν τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ γενεθλίοις τὸν βασιλέα τελευτῆσαι συνεφωνεῖτο· Πομπήιον δὲ Μάγνον οἱ μὲν ἐν τοῖς γενεθλίοις ἔφασαν, οἱ δὲ πρὸ μιᾶς ἡμέρας τῶν γενεθλίων ἀποθανεῖν περὶ Αἴγυπτον. ἧκε δὲ καὶ Πίνδαρος ἐπὶ μνήμην ἐν Πυθίοις γενόμενος 10 πολλῶν καὶ καλῶν ὕμνων τῷ θεῷ χορηγός.

[2] ὁ δὲ Φλῶρος οὐδὲ Καρνεάδην ἀπαξιοῦν ἔφη μνήμης· ἐν τοῖς Πλάτωνος γενεθλίοις, ἄνδρα τῆς Ἀκαδημείας⁸ εὐκλεέστατον ὀργιαστὴν Ἀπόλλωνος γὰρ ἀμφοτέρους ἑορτῇ γενέσθαι, τὸν μὲν⁹ Θαργηλίοις 15 Ἀθήνησι, τὸν δὲ Κάρνεια¹⁰ Κυρηναίων ἀγόντων· ἑβδόμῃ δʼ ἀμφοτέρας¹¹ ἑορτάζουσι. καὶ τὸν θεόν, ὡς ταύτῃ γενόμενον, ὑμεῖς εἶπεν οἱ προφῆται καὶ ἱερεῖς 717e Ἑβδομαγενῆ καλεῖτε. διὸ τοὺς Ἀπόλλωνι τὴν Πλάτωνος τέκνωσιν ἀνατιθέντας οὐκ ἂν οἶμαί τινα 20 φάναι καταισχύνειν τὸν θεόν, ἐπὶ μείζονα πάθη καὶ νοσήματα τοῦτον ἡμῖν διὰ Σωκράτους ἰατρὸν ὥσπερ ἑτέρου¹² Χείρωνος ἀπειργασμένον. ἅμα δὲ τῆς λεγομένης Ἀρίστωνι τῷ Πλάτωνος πατρὶ γενέσθαι καθʼ ὕπνον ὄψεως καὶ φωνῆς ἀπαγορευούσης μὴ 25 συγγενέσθαι τῇ γυναικὶ μηδʼ ἅψασθαι δέκα μηνῶν ἐμνημόνευσεν.

[3] ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Τυνδάρης ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιος ἄξιον μέν ἐστιν¹³ ἔφη περὶ Πλάτωνος ᾄδειν καὶ 717f λέγειν τὸ

οὐδὲ ἐῴκει¹⁴ 5

ἀνδρός γε θνητοῦ πάις¹⁵ ἔμμεναι ἀλλὰ θεοῖο·

τοῦ γὰρ¹⁶ θείου δέδια μὴ δόξῃ τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ¹⁷ μάχεσθαι τὸ γεννῶν οὐχ ἧττον ἢ τὸ γεννώμενον· μεταβολὴ γάρ τις καὶ αὐτὴ καὶ πάθος· ὥς που καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος ὑπενόησεν, εἰπὼν μάλιστα θνητὸν καὶ 10 φθαρτὸν ἐπιγιγνώσκειν ἑαυτὸν ἐν τῷ συγγίγνεσθαι γυναικὶ καὶ καθεύδειν ὡς τὸν μὲν ὕπνον ἐνδόσει γιγνόμενον ὑπʼ ἀσθενείας, γένεσιν δὲ πᾶσαν οἰκείου τινὸς εἰς ἕτερον ἔκστασιν καὶ φθορὰν¹⁸ οὖσαν. ἀναθαρρῶ 718a δὲ πάλιν αὐτοῦ Πλάτωνος¹⁹ ἀκούων πατέρα 15 καὶ ποιητὴν τοῦ τε κόσμου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων γεννητῶν τὸν ἀγέννητον²⁰ καὶ ἀίδιον θεὸν ὀνομάζοντος, οὐ διὰ σπέρματος δήπου γενομένων²¹, ἄλλῃ δὲ δυνάμει τοῦ θεοῦ τῇ ὕλῃ γόνιμον ἀρχήν, ὑφʼ ἧς ἔπαθε καὶ μετέβαλεν, ἐντεκόντος 20

λήθουσι²² γάρ τοι κἀνέμων²³ διέξοδοι

²⁴

θήλειαν ὄρνιν, πλὴν ὅταν παρῇ τόκος.

καὶ οὐδὲν οἴομαι δεινόν, εἰ μὴ πλησιάζων ὁ θεὸς ὥσπερ ἄνθρωπος²⁵, ἀλλʼ ἑτέραις τισὶν ἁφαῖς διʼ ἑτέρων καὶ ψαύσεσι τρέπει καὶ ὑποπίμπλησι θειοτέρας γονῆς τὸ θνητόν. κοὐκ²⁶ ἐμὸς ὁ μῦθος εἶπεν ἀλλʼ 718b Αἰγύπτιοι τὸν τʼ Ἆπιν οὕτω λοχεύεσθαί φασιν ἐπαφῇ τῆς σελήνης· καὶ ὅλως ἄρρενι θεῷ πρὸς γυναῖκα 5 θνητὴν ἀπολείπουσιν²⁷ ὁμιλίαν ἀνάπαλιν²⁸ δʼ οὐκ ἂν οἴονται θνητὸν ἄνδρα θηλείᾳ θεῷ τόκου καὶ κυήσεως ἀρχὴν παρασχεῖν διὰ τὸ τὰς οὐσίας²⁹ τῶν θεῶν ἐν ἀέρι καὶ πνεύμασι καί τισι θερμότησι 10 καὶ ὑγρότησι τίθεσθαι.

Question I.
CONCERNING THOSE DAYS IN WHICH SOME FAMOUS MEN WERE BORN; AND ALSO CONCERNING THE GENERATION OF THE GODS.
DIOGENIANUS, PLUTARCH, FLORUS, TYNDARES.

[1] ON the sixth day of May we celebrated Socrates’s birthday, and on the seventh Plato’s; and that first prompted us to such discourse as was suitable to the meeting, which Diogenianus the Pergamenian began thus: Ion, said he, was happy in his expression, when he said that Fortune, though much unlike Wisdom, yet did many things very much like her; and that she seemed to have some order and design, not only in placing the nativities of these two philosophers so near together, but in setting first the birthday of the most famous of the two, who was also the teacher of the other. I had a great deal to say to the company concerning some notable things that fell out on the same day, as concerning the time of Euripides’s birth and death; for he was born the same day that the Greeks beat Xerxes by sea at Salamis, and died the same day that Dionysius the elder, the Sicilian tyrant, was born,—Fortune (as Timaeus hath it) at the same time taking out of the world a representer, and bringing into it a real actor, of tragedies. Besides, we remembered that Alexander the king and Diogenes the Cynic died upon the same day. And all agreed that Attalus the king died on his own birthday. And some said, that Pompey the great was killed in Egypt on his birthday, or, as others will have it, a day before. We remember Pindar also, who, being born at the time of the Pythian games, made afterwards a great many excellent hymns in honor of Apollo.

[2] To this Florus subjoined: Now we are celebrating Plato’s nativity, why should we not mention Carneades, the most famous of the whole Academy, since both of them were born on Apollo’s feast; Plato, whilst they were celebrating the Thargelia at Athens, Carneades, whilst the Cyrenians kept their Carnea; and both these feasts are upon the same day. Nay, the God himself (he continued) you, his priests and prophets, call Hebdomagenes, as if he were born on the seventh day. And therefore those who make Apollo Plato’s father¹ do not, in my opinion, dishonor the God; since by Socrates’s as by another Chiron’s instructions he is become a physician for the greater diseases of the mind. And together with this, he mentioned that vision and voice which forbade Aristo, Plato’s father, to come near or lie with his wife for ten months.

[3] To this Tyndares the Spartan subjoined: It is very fit we should apply that to Plato,

He seemed not sprung from mortal man, but God.²

But, for my part, I am afraid to beget, as well as to be begotten, is repugnant to the incorruptibility of the Deity. For that implies a change and passion; as Alexander imagined, when he said that he knew himself to be mortal as often as he lay with a woman or slept. For sleep is a relaxation of the body, occasioned by the weakness of our nature; and all generation is a corruptive parting with some of our own substance. But yet I take heart again, when I hear Plato call the eternal and unbegotten Deity the father and maker of the world and all other begotten things; not as if he parted with any seed, but as if by his power he implanted a generative principle in matter, which acts upon, forms, and fashions it. Winds passing through a hen will sometimes impregnate her; and it seems no incredible thing, that the Deity, though not after the fashion of a man, but by some other certain communication, fills a mortal creature with some divine conception. Nor is this my sense; but the Egyptians say Apis was conceived by the influence of the moon, and make no question but that an immortal God may have communication with a mortal woman. But on the contrary, they think that no mortal can beget any thing on a goddess, because they believe the goddesses are made of thin air, and subtle heat and moisture.

Plutarch Quaestiones Convivales 8.1

ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs

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Περὶ ἡμερῶν ἐν αἷς γεγόνασί τινες τῶν ἐπιφανῶν· ἐν ᾧ καὶ περὶ τῆς λεγομένης ἐκ θεῶν γενέσεως.

Current edition Perseus

Question I.
CONCERNING THOSE DAYS IN WHICH SOME FAMOUS MEN WERE BORN; AND ALSO CONCERNING THE GENERATION OF THE GODS.
DIOGENIANUS, PLUTARCH, FLORUS, TYNDARES.

Notes on the current edition

Stable identifiers

Search the Perseus Catalog for:

Search the Perseus Catalog for:

Περὶ ἡμερῶν ἐν αἷς γεγόνασί τινες τῶν ἐπιφανῶν· ἐν ᾧ καὶ περὶ τῆς λεγομένης ἐκ θεῶν γενέσεως.

Current edition Perseus

Question I. CONCERNING THOSE DAYS IN WHICH SOME FAMOUS MEN WERE BORN; AND ALSO CONCERNING THE GENERATION OF THE GODS. DIOGENIANUS, PLUTARCH, FLORUS, TYNDARES.

Notes on the current edition

Stable identifiers

Question I.
CONCERNING THOSE DAYS IN WHICH SOME FAMOUS MEN WERE BORN; AND ALSO CONCERNING THE GENERATION OF THE GODS.
DIOGENIANUS, PLUTARCH, FLORUS, TYNDARES.