Plutarch, De Se Ipsum Citra Invidiam Laudando, ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs, 1

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[1] 539a τὸ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ λέγειν ὡς τι ὄντος ἢ δυναμένου 539b πρὸς ἑτέρους, ὦ Ἥρκλανε, λόγῳ μὲν ἐπαχθὲς ἀποφαίνουσι πάντες καὶ ἀνελεύθερον, ἔργῳ δʼ οὐ πολλοὶ τὴν ἀηδίαν αὐτοῦ διαπεφεύγασιν οὐδὲ τῶν 5 ψεγόντων. ὁ γοῦν Εὐριπίδης¹ εἰπών

εἰ δʼ ἦσαν ἀνθρώποισιν ὠνητοὶ λόγοι,

οὐδεὶς ἂν αὑτὸν εὖ λέγειν ἐβούλετο·

νῦν δʼ, ἐκ βαθείας γὰρ πάρεστιν αἰθέρος

λαβεῖν ἀμισθί,² πᾶς τις ἥδεται λέγων 10

τὰ τʼ ὄντα καὶ μή· ζημίαν γὰρ οὐκ ἔχει

539c φορτικωτάτῃ κέχρηται μεγαλαυχίᾳ συγκαταπλέκων τοῖς τραγῳδουμένοις πάθεσι καὶ πράγμασι μηδὲν προσήκοντα τὸν περὶ αὑτοῦ λόγον. ὁμοίως ὁ Πίνδαρος³ φήσας 15

καὶ τὸ καυχᾶσθαι παρὰ καιρὸν

μανίαισιν ὑποκρέκει⁴

οὐ παύεται μεγαληγορῶν περὶ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ δυνάμεως ἀξίας μὲν ἐγκωμίων οὔσης· τίς γὰρ οὔ φησιν; ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς στεφανουμένους ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσιν ἕτεροι νικῶντας ἀναγορεύουσι, τὴν ἀηδίαν τῆς περιαυτολογίας ἀφαιροῦντες. καὶ Τιμόθεον⁵ ἐπὶ τῇ κατὰ Φρύνιδος νίκῃ γράφοντα 5

μακάριος ἦσθα, Τιμόθεε, κᾶρυξ⁶ ὅτʼ εἶπεν

νικᾷ Τιμόθεος Μιλήσιος⁷

τὸν Κάμωνος⁸ τὸν ἰωνοκάμπταν⁹

εἰκότως δυσχεραίνομεν ὡς ἀμούσως καὶ παρανόμως; 539d ἀνακηρύττοντα τὴν ἑαυτοῦ νίκην. αὐτῷ μὲν γὰρ ὁ 10 παρʼ ἄλλων ἔπαινος ἥδιστον ἀκουσμάτων ἐστίν, ὥσπερ ὁ Ξενοφῶν¹⁰ εἴρηκεν· ἑτέροις δʼ ὁ περὶ αὑτοῦ λυπηρότατον. πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ ἀναισχύντους ἡγούμεθα τοὺς ἑαυτοὺς ἐπαινοῦντας, αἰδεῖσθαι προσῆκον αὐτοῖς κἂν ὑπʼ ἄλλων ἐπαινῶνται δεύτερον δʼ ἀδίκους, 15 ἃ λαμβάνειν ἔδει παρʼ ἑτέρων αὑτοῖς διδόντας· τρίτον ἢ σιωπῶντες ἄχθεσθαι καὶ φθονεῖν δοκοῦμεν, ἢ τοῦτο δεδοικότες ἀναγκαζόμεθα συνεφάπτεσθαι παρὰ γνώμην τῶν ἐπαίνων καὶ συνεπιμαρτυρεῖν, 539e πρᾶγμα κολακείᾳ μᾶλλον ἀνελευθέρῳ προσῆκον ἢ 20 τιμῇ, τὸ ἐπαινεῖν παρόντας ὑπομένοντες.

De Se Ipsum Citra Invidiam Laudando. Plutarch. ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs. Leipzig. 1891.

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Current edition Perseus

Περὶ τοῦ ἑαυτὸν ἐπαινεῖν ἀνεπιφθόνως (Greek) (Plutarch. Plutarchi Chaeronensis Moralia, Vol. IΙI. Vernardakēs, Grēgorios N., editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1891.)

Translations (1)

How a Man May Inoffensively Praise Himself Without Being Liable to Envy Perseus (Plutarch. Plutarch's Morals, Vol. II. Goodwin, William W., editor; Lancaster, P., translator. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company; Cambridge: Press of John Wilson and Son, 1874.) — 1 focus

[1] HE that talks big and arrogantly of himself, Herculanus, is universally condemned as a troublesome and ill-bred companion. But the most, even of those who in words mightily declaim against him, seem to applaud him in their actions. Euripides could say,

If speech grew scarce, and at great rates were sold,

Commend himself what lavish fellow would?

But since the infinite treasure of the air

Praise gratis yields, none truth or falsehood spare;

Suffering no damage, though they give their ware.

Yet he often brings in his heroes intolerably boasting, and stuffs their most tragical adventures and passions with improper discourses of themselves. So Pindar declares,

Unseasonably to glory

Makes harmony with fury;

but he forbears not to extol his own raptures, which indeed, by the confession of all men, are worthy of the noblest praise.

But those who are crowned for mastery in the games or in the learned combats have others to celebrate their victories, that the people’s ears be not grated with the harsh noises of self-applause. And Timotheus is justly censured as unskilfully and irregularly setting forth his conquest of Phrynis, when he thus proudly boasted it in writing: Happy man wast thou, Timotheus, when the crier proclaimed, The Milesian Timotheus hath vanquished the son of Carbo, the soft Ionian poet.

It is true then, as Xenophon says, The most pleasant sound that a man can hear is his own praise in another’s mouth; but the most odious thing unto others is a man commending himself. For we brand them as impudent who commend themselves, it becoming them to be modest though they were praised by others; and we account them unjust in arrogating that to themselves which another has the sole propriety of bestowing on them. Besides, if we then are silent, we seem either angry or envious; but if we second their discourse, we are presently entangled and forced to contribute more than we intended, speaking to men’s faces what sounds well only behind their backs; and so we undertake rather the base work of drudging flattery than any real offices of true honor.

Notes on the current edition

Περὶ τοῦ ἑαυτὸν ἐπαινεῖν ἀνεπιφθόνως

1. Εὐριπίδης] Nauck. p. 675

2. ἀμισθὶ] ἀμοχθεὶ Philodemus

3. Πίνδαρος] Olymp. 9, 38

4. μαίαισιν ὑποκρέκει Pindarus: μανίαις ὑποκρέκειν

5. Τιμόθεον] Bergk. 3 p. 623

6. κᾶρυξ ὅτʼ idem: ὅτε κᾶρυξ

7. Μιλήσιος idem: ὁ Μιλήσιος

8. Κάμωνος idem (ex Polluce 4, 66): κάρωνος aut κάρβωνος

9. ἰωνοκάμπταν] φωνοκάμπταν?

10. Ξενοφῶν] Comment. 2, 1, 31

Plutarch De Se Ipsum Citra Invidiam Laudando 1

ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs

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