Chorus Leader
I pity you for your cruel fate—a fate I would you never had met!
1338
Iphigenia
O mother that bore me! I see a throng of men approaching.
Clytemnestra
It is the goddess’ son you see, child, for whom you came here.
Iphigenia
calling into the tent.
Open the tent-door to me, servants, that I may hide myself
1340
Clytemnestra
Why seek to escape, my child?
Iphigenia
I am ashamed to face Achilles.
Clytemnestra
But why?
Iphigenia
The luckless ending to our marriage causes me to feel abashed.
Clytemnestra
No time for affectation now in face of what has happened. Stay then; reserve will do no good, if we may profit.
1
Achilles
Daughter of Leda, lady of sorrows!
1345
Clytemnestra
No misnomer that.
Achilles
A fearful cry is heard among the Argives.
Clytemnestra
What is it? tell me.
Achilles
It concerns your child.
Clytemnestra
An evil omen for your words.
Achilles
They say her sacrifice is necessary.
Clytemnestra
And is there no one to say a word against them?
Achilles
Indeed I was in some danger myself from the tumult.
Clytemnestra
In danger of what, stranger?.
Achilles
Of being stoned.
1350
Clytemnestra
Surely not for trying to save my daughter?
Achilles
The very reason.
Clytemnestra
Who would have dared to lay a finger on you?
Achilles
All the men of
Hellas
.
Clytemnestra
Were not your Myrmidon warriors at your side?
Achilles
They were the first who turned against me.
Clytemnestra
My child! we are lost, it seems.
Achilles
They taunted me as the man whom marriage had enslaved.
Clytemnestra
And what did you answer them?
Achilles
Not to kill the one I meant to wed—
1355
Clytemnestra
Justly so.
Achilles
The wife her father promised me.
Clytemnestra
Yes, and sent to fetch from
Argos
.
Achilles
But I was overcome by clamorous cries.
Clytemnestra
Truly the mob is a dire mischief.
Achilles
But I will help you for all that.
Clytemnestra
Will you really fight them single-handed?
Achilles
Do you see these warriors here, carrying my arms?
Clytemnestra
Bless you for your kind intent!
Achilles
Well, I shall be blessed.
1360
Clytemnestra
Then my child will not be slaughtered now?
Achilles
No, not with my consent at any rate.
Clytemnestra
But will any of them come to lay hands on the maid?
Achilles
Thousands of them, with Odysseus at their head.
Clytemnestra
The son of Sisyphus?
Achilles
The very same.
Clytemnestra
Acting for himself or by the army’s order?
Achilles
By their choice—and his own.
Clytemnestra
An evil choice indeed, to stain his hands in blood.
Achilles
But I will hold him back.
1365
Clytemnestra
Will he seize and bear her off against her will?
Achilles
Yes, by her golden hair no doubt.
Clytemnestra
What must I do, when it comes to that?
Achilles
Keep hold of your daughter.
Clytemnestra
Be sure that she shall not be slain, as far as that that can help her.
Achilles
Believe me, it will come to this.
2
Iphigenia
Mother, hear me while I speak, for I see that you are angry with your husband
to no purpose; it is hard for us to persist in impossibilities. Our thanks are due to this stranger for his ready help; but you must also see to it that he is not reproached by the army, leaving us no better off and himself involved in trouble.
1370
1374
Listen, mother; hear what thoughts have passed across my mind.
I am resolved to die; and this I want to do with honor, dismissing from me what is mean. Towards this now, mother turn your thoughts, and with me weigh how well I speak; to me the whole of mighty
Hellas
looks; on me the passage over the sea depends; on me the sack of
Troy
;
1375
and in my power it lies to check henceforth barbarian raids on happy
Hellas
, if ever in the days to come they seek to seize her women, when once they have atoned by death
3
for the violation of Helen’s marriage by
Paris
. All this deliverance will my death insure, and my fame for setting
Hellas
free will be a happy one.
1380
Besides, I have no right at all to cling too fondly to my life; for you did not bear me for myself alone, but as a public blessing to all
Hellas
. What! shall countless warriors, armed with shields, those myriads sitting at the oar, find courage to attack the foe and die for
Hellas
, because their fatherland is wronged,
1385
and my one life prevent all this? What
4
kind of justice is that? could I find a word in answer? Now let us turn to that other point. It is not right that this man should enter into battle with all
Argos
or be slain for a woman’s sake. Better a single man should see the light than ten thousand women.
1390
If Artemis has decided to take my body, am I, a mortal, to thwart the goddess? no, that is impossible. I give my body to
Hellas
; sacrifice it and make an utter end of
Troy
. This is my enduring monument; marriage, motherhood, and fame—all these is it to me.
1395
And it is right, mother, that Hellenes should rule barbarians, but not barbarians Hellenes, those being slaves, while these are free.
1400
Chorus Leader
You play a noble part, maiden; but the whims of Fate and the goddess are diseased.
Achilles
Daughter of Agamemnon! some god was bent
on blessing me, if I could have won you for my wife. In you I consider
Hellas
happy, and you in
Hellas
; for this that you have said is good and worthy of your fatherland; since you, abandonIng a strife with heavenly powers, which are too strong for you, have fairly weighed advantages and needs.
5
1405
But now that I have looked into your noble nature, I feel still more a fond desire to win you for my bride. Look to it; for I want to serve you and receive you in my halls; and, Thetis be my witness, how I grieve to think I shall not save your life by doing battle with the Danaids.
1410
Reflect, I say; a dreadful ill is death.
1415
Iphigenia
This I say, without regard to anyone.
6
Enough that the daughter of Tyndareus is causing wars and bloodshed by her beauty; then be not slain yourself, stranger, nor seek to slay another on my account;
but let me, if I can, save
Hellas
.
1420
Achilles
Heroic spirit! I can say no more to this, since you are so minded; for yours is a noble resolve; why should not one speak the truth? Yet I will speak, for you will perhaps change your mind;
that you may know then what my offer is, I will go and place these arms of mine near the altar, resolved not to permit your death but to prevent; for brave as you are at sight of the knife held at your throat, you will soon avail yourself of what I said.
1425
So I will not let you perish through any thoughtlessness of yours, but will go to the goddess with these arms and await your arrival there.
7
Exit Achilles.
1430
1433
Iphigenia
Mother, why so silent, your eyes wet with tears?
Clytemnestra
I have reason, woe is me! to be sad at heart.
Iphigenia
Stop; do not make me a coward; here in one thing obey me.
1435
Clytemnestra
Tell me, my child, for at my hands you shall never suffer injury.
Iphigenia
Cut not off the tresses of your hair for me, nor clothe yourself in sable garb.
8
Clytemnestra
Why, my child, what is it you have said? When I have lost you?
9
Iphigenia
You wll not lose me; I am saved and you renowned, as far as I can make you.
1440
Clytemnestra
How so? Must I not mourn your death?
Iphigenia
By no means, for I shall have no tomb heaped over me.
Clytemnestra
What then? It is death, not the tomb, that is rightly mourned.
Iphigenia
The altar of the goddess, Zeus’s daughter, will be my tomb.
Clytemnestra
Well, my child, I will let you persuade me, for you speak well.
1445
Iphigenia
Yes, as one who prospers and does
Hellas
service.
Clytemnestra
What message shall I carry to your sisters?
Iphigenia
Do not put mourning raiment on them either.
Clytemnestra
But is there no fond message I can give the maidens from you?
Iphigenia
Yes, my farewell words; and promise me to rear Orestes to manhood.
1450
Clytemnestra
Press him to your bosom; it is your last look.
Iphigenia
O you that are most dear to me! you have helped your friends as you had means.
Clytemnestra
Is there anything I can do in
Argos
to please you?
Iphigenia
Yes, do not hate my father, your own husband.
Clytemnestra
Fearful are the trials through which he has to go because of you.
1455
Iphigenia
It was against his will he ruined me for the sake of
Hellas
.
Clytemnestra
Ah! but he employed base treachery, unworthy of Atreus.
Iphigenia
Who will escort me from here, before my hair is torn?
Clytemnestra
I will go with you—
Iphigenia
No, not you; that is not well saidl.
Clytemnestra
Clinging to your robes.
1460
Iphigenia
Be persuaded by me, mother, stay here; for this is the better way both for me and you; but let one of these attendants of my father conduct me to the meadow of Artemis, where I shall be sacrificed.
Clytemnestra
Are you gone from me, my child?
Iphigenia
Yes, and with no chance of ever returning.
Clytemnestra
Leaving your mother?
1465
Iphigenia
Yes, as you see, undeservedly.
Clytemnestra
Hold! do not leave me!
Iphigenia
I cannot let you shed a tear.
To the Chorus. May it be yours, maidens, to hymn in joyous strains Artemis, the child of Zeus, for my hard lot; and let the order for a solemn hush go forth to the Danaids.
Begin the sacrifice with the baskets, let the fire blaze for the purifying meal of sprinkling, and my father pace from left to right about the altar; for I come to bestow on
Hellas
safety crowned with victory.
1470
Iphigenia
Lead me away, the destroyer of
Ilium
’s town and the Phrygians; give me wreaths to cast about me; bring them here; here are my tresses to crown; bring lustral water too.
1475
Dance to Artemis, queen Artemis the blest, around her shrine and altar; for by the blood of my sacrifice I will blot out the oracle,
1480
if it must be.
1485
O mother, lady revered! I will, not give you my tears;
for at the holy rites it is not fitting.
10
1490
Sing with me, maidens, sing the praises of Artemis, whose temple faces
Chalcis
,
where angry spearmen madly chafe, here in the narrow havens of
Aulis
, because of me.
1495
O Pelasgia, land of my birth, and
Mycenae
, my home!
Chorus
Is it on Perseus’ citadel you call, that town Cyclopean workmen built?
1500
Iphigenia
To be a light to
Hellas
did you rear me, and so I do not say No to death.
Chorus
You are right; no fear that fame will ever desert you!
Iphigenia
Hail to you, bright lamp of day and light of Zeus! A different life, a different lot is henceforth mine. Farewell I bid you, light beloved!
Exit Iphigenia. .
1505
Chorus
11
Behold the maiden on her way, the destroyer of
Ilium
’s town and the Phrygians, with garlands twined about her head, and drops of lustral water on her, soon to be sprinkled with her gushing blood
1510
the altar of a murderous goddess, when her shapely neck is severed.
12
1515
For you fair streams of a father’s pouring and lustral waters are in store, for you
Achaea
’s army is waiting, eager
to reach the citadel of
Ilium
. But let us celebrate Artemis, the daughter of Zeus, queen among the gods, as if upon some happy chance.
1520
O lady revered, delighting in human
sacrifice, send on its way to
Phrygia
’s land the army of the Hellenes, to
Troy
’s abodes of guile, and grant that Agamemnon may wreathe his head with deathless fame,
1525
a crown of fairest glory for the spearmen of
Hellas
.
1530
13
Messenger
Come forth, O Clytemnestra, daughter of Tyndareus, from the tent, to hear my news.
Clytemnestra
I heard your voice and have come
in sad dismay and fearful dread, not sure but what you have arrived with tidings of some fresh trouble for me besides the present woe.
1535
Messenger
No, rather I want to unfold to you a strange and marvellous story about your child.
Clytemnestra
Do not delay, then, but speak at once.
Messenger
Dear mistress, you shall learn all clearly; from the outset will I tell it, unless my memory fails me somewhat and confuses my tongue in its account. As soon as we reached the grove of Artemis, the child of Zeus, and the flowery meadows,
1540
where the Achaean troops were gathered, bringing your daughter with us, at once the Argive army began assembling; but when king Agamemnon saw the maiden on her way to the grove to be sacrificed, he gave one groan, and, turning away his face, let the tears burst
1545
from his eyes, as he held his robe before them. But the maid, standing close by her father, spoke thus:
O my father, here I am; willingly I offer my body for my country and all
Hellas
,
1550
that you may lead me to the altar of the goddess and sacrifice me, since this is Heaven’s ordinance. May good luck be yours for any help that I afford! and may you obtain the victor’s gift and come again to the land of your fathers. So then let none of the Argives lay hands on me,
1555
for I will bravely yield my neck without a word.
1560
She spoke; and each man marvelled, as he heard the maiden’s brave speech. But in the midst Talthybius stood up, for this was his duty, and bade the army refrain from word or deed;
and Calchas, the seer, drawing a sharp sword from its scabbard laid it in a basket of beaten gold, and crowned the maiden’s head. Then the son of Peleus, taking the basket and with it lustral water in his hand, ran round the altar of the goddess
1565
uttering these words:
O Artemis, you child of Zeus, slayer of wild beasts, that wheel your dazzling light amid the gloom, accept this sacrifice which we, the army of the Achaeans and Agamemnon with us, offer to you, pure blood from a beautiful maiden’s neck;
1570
and grant us safe sailing for our ships and the sack of
Troy
’s towers by our spears.
1575
Meanwhile the sons of Atreus and all the army stood looking on the ground.
1578
[But the priest, seizing his knife, offered up a prayer and was closely scanning the maiden’s throat to see where he should strike.
It was no slight sorrow filled my heart, as I stood by with bowed head; when there was a sudden miracle! Each one of us distinctly heard the sound of a blow,
14
but none saw the spot where the maiden vanished. The priest cried out, and all the army took up the cry
1580
at the sight of a marvel all unlooked for, due to some god’s agency, and passing all belief, although it was seen; for there upon the ground lay a deer of immense size, magnificent to see, gasping out her life, with whose blood the altar of the goddess was thoroughly bedewed.
1585
Then spoke Calchas thus—his joy you can imagine—
You captains of this leagued Achaean army, do you see this victim, which the goddess has set before her altar, a mountain-roaming deer? This is more welcome to her by far than the maid,
1590
that she may not defile her altar by shedding noble blood. Gladly she has accepted it, and is granting us a prosperous voyage for
15
our attack on
Ilium
. Therefore take heart, sailors, each man of you, and away to your ships, for today
1595
Then, when the sacrifice was wholly burnt to ashes in the blazing flame, he offered such prayers as were fitting, that the army might win return; but Agamemnon sends me to tell you this,
and say what heaven-sent luck is his, and how he has secured undying fame throughout the length of
Hellas
. Now I was there myself and speak as an eyewitness; without a doubt your child flew away to the gods. A truce then to your sorrowing, and cease to be angry with your husband;
1605
for the gods’ ways with man are not what we expect, and those whom they love, they keep safe; yes, for this day has seen your daughter dead and living.
1610
Exit Messenger.
Chorus Leader
What joy to hear these tidings from the messenger! He tells you your child is living still, among the gods.
Clytemnestra
Which of the gods, my child, has stolen you? How am I to address you? How can I be sure
16
that this is not an idle tale told to cheer me, to make me cease my piteous lamentation for you?
1615
Chorus
See! king Agamemnon approaches,
to confirm this story for you.
1620
1621
Agamemnon
Fare you well! it is long before I shall greet you on my return from
Troy
; may it be well with you!
1625
1627
Chorus
Iphigenia in Aulis. Euripides. Edward P. Coleridge (Translator). London. 1891.
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Funding provided by The Annenberg CPB/Project.