Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Anonymous (Translator), 3.98

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Nondimeno finché i loro arcieri ebbero saette e lena da servirsene, erano essi che reggevano la battaglia; poiché gli Etoli armati leggermente venivano rintuzzati dalle frecce : ma quando gli arcieri, morto il comandante, si sbandarono , allora, spossati gli Ateniesi e da gran tempo oppressi da quel medesimo travaglio, e dall’ altra parte saettati ed incalzati dagli Etoli, voltate finalmente le spalle fuggivano ; ed incappando in de’ borri senza nascita , ed in luoghi de’ quali non eran pratici ( essendo morto Cromone messenio che insegnava loro le strade)» erano sperperati. all' opposto gli Etoli essendo spediti al corso ed armati alla leggera li dardeggiavano ; e giùgnendoli dappresso in quella che davano le spalle, molti ne uccidevano : mentre i più che smarrite le strade a erano ingolfati in un bosco senza uscita, appiccatovi il fuoco rimasero tutti arsi. Co si fuvvi nel campo ateniese ogni maniera di fuga e di morte : quel che la scamparono penarono molto a ricovrirsi al mare , e ad Enone della Locride, donde eran part:ti. Mancarono in questo fatto molti alleati, e circa centoventi Ateniesi di grave armatura ; perdita grandissima perchè erano tutti sul fiore dell’età e di valore non ordinario ; e morì anche Procle uno de’ due generali. Gli altri, riavuti dagli Etoli i cadaveri con saivocondotto , tornarono a Naupatto, e poi si ricondussero colla flotta ad Atene. Ma Demostene che per queste cose temeva degli Ateniesi, restò nelle vicinanze di Naupatto e di quei luoghi.

History of the Peloponnesian War. Thucydides. Anonymous (Translator). Florence. 1835.

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Current edition First1KGreek

La storia di Tucidide (Italian) (Thucydides. Della storia di Tucidide volgarizzata libri otto. Anonymous translator. Florence: Tipografia Galileiana, 1835.)

Editions (1)

Ἱστορίαι Perseus (Thucydides. Historiae, Vol 1-2. Jones, Henry Stuart, editor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1910. (1942 printing).) — 3.98.1 focus

[1] μέχρι μὲν οὖν οἱ τοξόται εἶχόν τε τὰ βέλη αὐτοῖς καὶ οἷοί τε ἦσαν χρῆσθαι, οἱ δὲ ἀντεῖχον (τοξευόμενοι γὰρ οἱ Αἰτωλοὶ ἄνθρωποι ψιλοὶ ἀνεστέλλοντο)· ἐπειδὴ δὲ τοῦ τε τοξάρχου ἀποθανόντος οὗτοι διεσκεδάσθησαν καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐκεκμήκεσαν καὶ ἐπὶ πολὺ τῷ αὐτῷ πόνῳ ξυνεχόμενοι, οἵ τε Αἰτωλοὶ ἐνέκειντο καὶ ἐσηκόντιζον, οὕτω δὴ τραπόμενοι ἔφευγον, καὶ ἐσπίπτοντες ἔς τε χαράδρας ἀνεκβάτους καὶ χωρία ὧν οὐκ ἦσαν ἔμπειροι διεφθείροντο· καὶ γὰρ ὁ ἡγεμὼν αὐτοῖς τῶν ὁδῶν Χρόμων ὁ Μεσσήνιος ἐτύγχανε τεθνηκώς.

[2] οἱ δὲ Αἰτωλοὶ ἐσακοντίζοντες πολλοὺς μὲν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ τροπῇ κατὰ πόδας αἱροῦντες ἄνθρωποι ποδώκεις καὶ ψιλοὶ διέφθειρον, τοὺς δὲ πλείους τῶν ὁδῶν ἁμαρτάνοντας καὶ ἐς τὴν ὕλην ἐσφερομένους, ὅθεν διέξοδοι οὐκ ἦσαν, πῦρ κομισάμενοι περιεπίμπρασαν·

[3] πᾶσά τε ἰδέα κατέστη τῆς φυγῆς καὶ τοῦ ὀλέθρου τῷ στρατοπέδῳ τῶν Ἀθηναίων, μόλις τε ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ τὸν Οἰνεῶνα τῆς Λοκρίδος, ὅθεν περ καὶ ὡρμήθησαν, οἱ περιγενόμενοι κατέφυγον.

[4] ἀπέθανον δὲ τῶν τε ξυμμάχων πολλοὶ καὶ αὐτῶν Ἀθηναίων ὁπλῖται περὶ εἴκοσι μάλιστα καὶ ἑκατόν. τοσοῦτοι μὲν τὸ πλῆθος καὶ ἡλικία ἡ αὐτὴ οὗτοι βέλτιστοι δὴ ἄνδρες ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ τῷδε ἐκ τῆς Ἀθηναίων πόλεως διεφθάρησαν· ἀπέθανε δὲ καὶ ὁ ἕτερος στρατηγὸς Προκλῆς.

[5] τοὺς δὲ νεκροὺς ὑποσπόνδους ἀνελόμενοι παρὰ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν καὶ ἀναχωρήσαντες ἐς Ναύπακτον ὕστερον ἐς τὰς Ἀθήνας ταῖς ναυσὶν ἐκομίσθησαν. Δημοσθένης δὲ περὶ Ναύπακτον καὶ τὰ χωρία ταῦτα ὑπελείφθη, τοῖς πεπραγμένοις φοβούμενος τοὺς Ἀθηναίους.

Translations (10)

The History of the Grecian War Perseus (Thucydides. The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury. Hobbes, Thomas. translator. London: John Bohn, 1843.) — 3.98.1 focus

[1] Nevertheless, as long as their archers had arrows and were able to use them (for the Aetolians, by reason they were not armed, were put back still with the shot), they held out. But when upon the death of their captain the archers were dispersed and the rest were also wearied, having a long time continued the said labour of pursuing and retiring, and the Aetolians continually afflicting them with their darts, they were forced at length to fly and, lighting into hollows without issue and into places they were not acquainted withal, were destroyed. For Chromon a Messenian, who was their guide for the ways, was slain.

[2] And the Aetolians, pursuing them still with darts, slew many of them quickly whilst they fled, being swift of foot and without armour. But the most of them missing their way and entering into a wood which had no passage through, the Aetolians set it on fire and burnt it about them.

[3] All kinds of shifts to fly and all kinds of destruction were that day in the army of the Athenians. Such as remained with much ado got to the sea and to Oeneon, a city of Locris, from whence they first set forth.

[4] There died very many of the confederates and a hundred and twenty men of arms of the Athenians; that was their number, and all of them able men; these men of the very best died in this war. Procles also was there slain, one of the generals.

[5] When they had received the bodies of their dead from the Aetolians under truce and were gotten again to Naupactus, they returned with the fleet to Athens. But they left Demosthenes about Naupactus and those parts because he was afraid of the Athenian people for the loss that had happened.

History of the Peloponnesian War Perseus (Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. Crawley, Richard, translator. London and Toronto: J. M. Dent and Sons Ltd.; New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., 1914.) — 3.98.1 focus

[1] Still as long as their archers had arrows left and were able to use them, they held out, the light-armed Aetolians retiring before the arrows; but after the captain of the archers had been killed and his men scattered, the soldiers, wearied out with the constant repetition of the same exertions

[2] and hard pressed by the Aetolians with their javelins, at last turned and fled, and falling into pathless gullies and places that they were unacquainted with, thus perished, the Messenian Chromon, their guide, having also unfortunately been killed. A great many were overtaken in the pursuit by the swift-footed and light-armed Aetolians, and fell beneath their javelins; the greater number however missed their road and rushed into the wood, which had no ways out, and which was soon fired and burnt round them by the enemy.

[3] Indeed the Athenian army fell victims to death in every form, and suffered all the vicissitudes of flight; the survivors escaped with difficulty to the sea and Oeneon in Locris , whence they had set out.

[4] Many of the allies were killed, and about one hundred and twenty Athenian heavy infantry, not a man less, and all in the prime of life. These were by far the best men in the city of Athens that fell during this war. Among the slain was also Procles, the colleague of Demosthenes.

[5] Meanwhile the Athenians took up their dead under truce from the Aetolians, and retired to Naupactus , and from thence went in their ships to Athens ; Demosthenes staying behind in Naupactus and in the neighborhood, being afraid to face the Athenians after the disaster.

Geschichte des Peloponnesischen Kriegs First1KGreek (Thucydides. Geschichte des Peloponnesischen Kriegs. Wahrmund, Adolf, translator. Stuttgart: Krais and Hoffmann, 1864.) — 3.98 focus

So lange nun die Bogenschützen noch Pfeile hatten und
schießen konnten, behaupteten die Unseren das Feld, denn die Aetoler
als Leichtbewaffnete wurden durch die Geschosse zum Weichen
gezwungen. Als aber der Führer der Bogenschützen gefallen war und diese
auseinander gesprengt wurden, auch die Athener durch die langdauernde
immer gleiche Anstrengung ermüdet waren, und die Aetoler ihrerseits
andrängten und Speere schoßen, so wandten sie um und lfohen. Nun
geriethen sie aber in Schluchten ohne Ausweg und in Gegenden,
deren sie unkundig waren, und hatten großen Verlust, denn auch ihr
Wegsührer Chromon, der Messemer, war gefallen. Die Aetoler aber,
immer Speere schießend, ereilten viele auf der Flucht als schnellfüßige
und leichtbewaffnete Leute ohne alle Mühe und tödteten sie; den
größeren Hausen aber, der des Weges verfehlte und in einen Wald
ge rieth, der keinen AuSgang gestattete, umgaben sie mit Feuer und ver- ¹
brannten sie. Da stellte sich dem Heere der Athener jegliches Bild
der Flucht und des Verderbens vor Augen und kaum retteten sich die
Ueberbleibenden an's Meer und nach Oeneon in Lokris, von wo sie
ausgezogen waren. Es fielen aber von den Bundesgenossen Viele,
und Schwerbewaffnete der Athener ungefähr hundert und zwanzig.
So groß war ihre Zahl, und eben diese junge Mannschaft bestand aus
den trefflichsten Leuten, welche die Stadt Athen im Laufe dieses
Krieges verloren hat.

Geschichte des Peloponnesischen Kriegs First1KGreek (Thucydides. Geschichte des Peloponnesischen Kriegs. Braun, Theodor, translator. Leipzig: Insel-Verlag, 1917.) — 3.98 focus

Solange die Bogenschützen sich noch nicht verschossen
hatten und von ihrer Waffe Gebrauch machen konnten, hielten
die Athener stand; denn die Atolier, die keine Panzer hatten,
wurden durch die Pfeile in Schach gehalten. Als jedoch der
Führer der Bogenschützen gefallen war und diese zersprengt,
sie selbst aber infolge der langen, unausgesetzten Anstrengung
erschöpft wurden, auch die Ätolier nun auf sie eindrangen und
mit Speerwürfen überschütteten, gaben sie schließlich Fersengeld
und suchten daS Weite, wobei sie in unwegsame Schluchten
und unbekannte Gegenden gerieten und große Verluste erlitten.
Denn zu ihrem Unglück war auch ihr wegkundiger Führer,
der Messenier Chromon, gefallen. Die flinken, leichtbewaffneten
Ätolier aber mit ihren Speeren ereilten viele von ihnen gleich
auf der Flucht und machten sie nieder; die meisten aber, die
sich in einen Wald verirrt hatten, aus dem sie sich nicht wieder
hinausfinden konnten, verbrannten sie, indem sie ringsherum
Feuer anlegten. Unter allen Schrecken der Flucht und des
Todes gelangten die Trümmer des athenischen Heeres mit ge
nauer Not an die See und nach Oineon in Lokris, von wo
man aufgebrochen war. Von den Bundesgenossen waren viele,
von den Athenern selbst gegen hundertzwanzig Hopliten ge
fallen. So viele grade ihrer besten Männer im kräftigsten
Alter hatte die Stadt Athen auf diesem Feldzuge eingebüßt.
Auch Prokles, der eine Feldherr, war geblieben. Nachdem sie
unter dem ihnen von den Atoliern gewährten Waffenstillstands
ihre Toten gesammelt hatten, zogen sie nach Naupaktos ab,
von wo sie später zu Schiff nach Athen zurückkehrten. Demo
sthenes aber blieb in Naupaktos und in jener Gegend, weil
er sich nach den: unglücklichen Ausgange des Feldzugs vor den
Athenern fürchtete.

Histoire de la Guerre du Péloponèse First1KGreek (Thucydides. Histoire de la Guerre du Péloponnése, Vol. 1-2. Zévort, Marie Charles, translator. Paris: Charpentier, 1852.) — 3.98 focus

XCVIII. Cependant les Athéniens so maintinrent tant que leurs archers eurent des flèches et purent s’en servir ; car les traits qu’ils lançaient tenaient en respect les Étoliens, légèrement armés. Mais le chef des archers ayant été tué, ceux-ci se dispersèrent ; le reste des troupes, harassé par la répétition continuelle de la même manoeuvre, vivement pressé d’ailleurs par les Étoliens, et accablé d’une grêle de traits, finit par prendre la fuite. Ils tombèrent dans dos ravins sans issue, ou s’égarèrent dans des sentiers inconnus, et furent massacrés ; car leur guide, le Messénien Chro mon, avait été tué. Les Étoliens continuaient à les accabler de traits : bons coureurs et armés à la légère, ils les gagnaient à la course et en tuèrent un grand nombre sur place, au lieu même de la déroute. La plupart se trompèrent de chemin, et s’engagèrent dans une forêt, où les Étoliens les brûlèrent en allumant du feu tout autour. La fuite sous tous ses aspects, la mort sous toutes les formes, tel était le spectacle que présentait l’armée athénienne : ceux qui échappèrent ne purent qu’à grand’peine gagner la côte et oenéon en Locride. Le nombre des mort s fut considérable parmi les alliés ; les Athéniens eux-mêmes perdirent environ cent vingt hoplites, tous à la fleur de l’âge. C’étaient d’excellents soldats qu’Athènes perdit dans cette guerre. L’un des deux généraux, Proclès, y périt également. Les Athéniens, après avoir enlevé leurs morts par une convention avec les Étoliens, retournèrent à Naupacte, et regagnèrent ensuite Athènes sur leurs vaisseaux. Quant à Démosthènes, il resta à Naupacte et dans les environs, craignant la colère des Athéniens après ce qui venait d’arriver.

Histoire de la Guerre du Péloponnése First1KGreek (Thucydides. Histoire de la Guerre du Péloponnése. Bétant, Élie-Ami, translator. Paris: Librairie de L. Hachette, 1863.) — 3.98 focus

Tant que les archers eurent des flèches, et furent à j même de s’en servir, ils soutinrent le combat. Les Ëtoliens armés à la légère se repliaient pour éviter leurs coups. Mais les archers, privés de leur chef, se débandèrent. Les Athéniens, harassés par la répétition des mêmes mouvements et couverts de traits par les Ëtoliens, lâchèrent pied ; et, comme leurguids-le Messénien Chromon, avait perdu la vie, ils se jetèrent dans des fondrières infranchissables, dans des lieux inconnus, où ils trouvèrent la mort. Les Étoliens agiles et lestement équipes atteignirent sur-le-champ plusieurs des fuyards et les percèrent de javelots. La plupart des Athéniens manquèrent la route et s’engagèrent dans une forêt des plus épaisses ; les ennemis Teih vironnèrent et y mirent le feu. Enfin les Athéniens en compl^ désarroi s’enfuirent dans toutes les directions. Ceux qui ptfj vinrent à s'échapper rejoignirent la mer et la ville d’OEnéon m Locride, leur point de départ. Il périt une foule d’alliés et nd moins de cent vingt hoplites athéniens, fleur de la jeunesse moissonnée dans cette guerre, ainsi que Proclès l’un des deux généraux. Les Athéniens, après avoir relevé leurs morts par composition, se retirèrent d’abord à Naupacte et ensuite à Athènes avec la flotte. Pour Démosthène, il resta aux environs de Naupacte ; il craignait le courroux des Athéniens après un désastre pareil.

History of the Peloponnesian War First1KGreek (Thucydides, Vol. 1-4. Smith, Charles Foster, translator. London and Cambridge, MA: Heinemann and Harvard University Press, 1919-1923.) — 3.98.1 focus

[1] Now so long as their bowmen had arrows and were able to use them the Athenians held out, for the Aetolian troops were light-armed and so, while they were exposed to the arrows, they were constantly driven back. But when the captain of the archers had been killed and his men scattered, and the hoplites were worn out, since they had been engaged for a long time in the unremitting struggle and the Aetolians were pressing them hard and hurling javelins upon them, they at last turned and fled, and falling into ravines from which there was no way out and into places with which they were unacquainted, they perished;

[2] for Chromon, the Messenian, who had been their guide on the way, had unfortunately been killed. The Aetolians kept plying their javelins, and being swift of foot and lightly equipped, following at their heels they caught many there in the rout and slew them; but the greater number missed the roads and got into the forest, from which there were no paths out, and the Aetolians brought fire and set the woods ablaze around them.

[3] Then every manner of flight was essayed and every manner of destruction befell the army of the Athenians, and it was only with difficulty that the survivors escaped to the sea at Oeneon in Locris, whence they had set out.

[4] Many of the allies were slain, and of the Athenians themselves about one hundred and twenty hoplites. So great a number of men, and all of the same age, perished here, the best men in truth whom the city of Athens lost in this war; and Procles, one of the two generals, perished also.

[5] When they had received back their dead from the Aetolians under a truce and had retreated to Naupactus, they were afterwards taken back by the fleet to Athens. Demosthenes, however, remained behind in Naupactus and the region round about, for he was afraid of the Athenians because of what had happened.

History of the Peloponnesian War First1KGreek (Thucydides. The history of the Peloponnesian War, Volume 1-2. Dale, Henry, translator. London: Heinemann and Henry G. Bohn, 1851-1852.) — 3.98.1 focus

[1] Now so long as they saw that their archers had their arrows and were able to use them, they continued to resist; for, when harassed by the bowmen, the Aetolians, being a light-armed force, retired. But when, after the fall of their leader, the archers were dispersed, and they themselves distressed by enduring for a long time the same labour, and the $Atolians were pressing hard on them, and pouring their darts on them; then indeed they turned and fled, and falling into pathless ravines and places with which they were unacquainted, were cut off: for the guide who showed them the way, Chromon the Messenian, had been killed.

[2] And the Aetolians, still plying them with missiles, by their rapid movements (for they are swift of foot and light-armed) took many of them there in the rout, and put them to the sword; but the greater part missing their way and rushing into the forest, from which there were no roads out, they brought fire and burnt it round them.

[3] Indeed the Athenian forces were subjected to every form of flight and death, and it was with difficulty that the survivors escaped to the sea and to Oeneon in Locris, the same place from which they had set out.

[4] Great numbers of the allies were slain, and of the Athenians themselves about a hundred and twenty heavy-armed—so many in number, and all in the prime of their youth. These were the best men of the city of Athens that fell during this war. One of the generals also, namely, Procles, was slain.

[5] Having taken up their dead under truce, and retired to Naupactus, they afterwards went with their ships to Athens. But Demosthenes staved behind in the neighbourhood of Naupactus and those parts, being afraid of the Athenins in sequence of what had been done.

Historia Belli Peloponnesiaci First1KGreek (Historia Belli Peloponnesiaci. Haase, Friedrich, translator. Paris: Firmin Didot, 1869.) — 3.98.1 focus

[1] Quoad igitur sagittariis tela suppeditabant, hLsque uti poterant, hi rem sustinebant; nam A£toli, quod levi arma tura utebantur quum sagittis peterentur, reprimebantur; at quum sagittariorum duce interfecto hi dispersi, et ipsi defessi essent, quippe qui diu eodem labore premerentur, et iEloli instarent, et missilibus eos peterent, ita demum terga verterunt, fugaeque se dederunt, et incidentes in lorrentiura alveos exitu carentes, et in loca, quorum erant ignari, perdebantur; nam Chromo Messenius, qui viae dux iis erat, jam obierat.

[2] jEtoli vero missilibus eos petentes, multos eorum illic in ipsa fuga pedibus assecuti, quod essent immines pedum velocitate praestantes et levi armatura, perdiderunt; sed longe plures, qui a viis aberraverant, et in silvam non perviam se contulerant, allato igne concremarunt;

[3] denique fugae et interitus omne genus in Atheniensium exercitu cernebatur, et aegre ii, qui superfuerunt, ad mare et (Eneonem Locridis, unde profecti erant, fuga se recipere potuerunt.

[4] Perierunt autem quum ex sociis multi, tum etiam ex ipsorum Atheniensium militibus gravis armaturae circiter centum et ferme viginli. Atque tot quidem numero et in eodem ai tatis flore constituti hi facile prae-stantissimi viri in hoc bello ex Atheniensium civitate perierunt; periit etiam alter ex ducibus Procles.

[5] Quum autem suorum militum cadavera fide publica interposita ab stolis accepissent, et Naupactum rediissent, postea cum navibus Athenas profecti sunt. Demosthenes vero apud Naupactum et in illius regionis locis remansit, quod ob res a se gestas Athenienses formidaret.

Vier Staatsreden aus Thucydides First1KGreek (Thucydides. Vier Staatsreden aus Thucydides. Gürsching, Heinrich, translator. Augsburg: Wirth, 1856.) — 4.87.1 focus

[1] So wenig geben wir uns Täuschungen hin über unser wahres Interesse. Und wer könnte euch auch ausser dem Eide eine festere Bürgschaft bieten, als diejenigen, deren Handlungen nach ihren Versprechungen beurtheilt zu dem Schlusse nöthigen, dass ihre Zusagen mit ihrem Vortheil zusammenfallen? Solltet ihr jedoch meinem Ansinnen euer Unvermögen entgegenhalten, dabei aber doch Schonung ansprechen von denen, die ihr von euch stosst; die Freiheit sei für euch zu gefahrlich, man solle sie nur denen anbieten, die sie auch anzunehmen im Stande seien und sie keinem wider seineu Willen aufdrängen, so werde ich die Götter und Heroen des Landes zu Zeugen aufrufen, dass meine redlichen Absichten verkannt werden, und werde zu Zwangsmitteln greifen und euer Land verheeren. Die Schuld ist fortan nicht auf mir, den eine doppelte Notwendigkeit mehr als genug entschuldigt. Sollen die Lacedämonier, wenn ihr nicht beitreten werdet, von eurer Feindschaft den Schaden haben und eure Geldmittel den Athem zufliessen lassen? Oder sollt ihr die Befreiung Griechenlands aus seiner Knechtschaft hintertreiben dürfen? Denn freilich ohne den Rechtsgrund eines (grossen) vaterländischen Interesses dürften wir nicht so verfahren¹, noch würde sich Sparta berufen fühlen, ein widerstrebendes Volk zu befreien. Ja wenn wir nach Herrschaft trachteten; allein wir streben vielmehr, dem Herrscherwesen ein Ende zu machen, so dass es Unrecht an der Mehrzahl wäre, wenn wir im Bewustsein, der Welt die Freiheit zu bringen, euer Widerstreben duldeten. Erwäget dies wohl und schätzet euch glücklich, zu eurem unvergänglichen Ruhme den ersten Grundstein für Griechenlands Befreiung zu legen, was euch die Verwüstung der eigenen Habe ersparen und der Stadt den gefeiertsten Namen erwerben wird.

Commentary

Commentary on Thucydides: Book 3 (Thucydides, Book III. Marchant, Edgar C., editor. London: Macmillan and Company, 1909.) focus

μέχρι —c. 10, 3.

αὐτοῖς —ethic, but in unusual position.

οἱ δέ —the τοξόται: an epic and Ionic usage, since the subject is not a new one. The nse occurs occasionally in Attic prose. Thompson 2 At. Syn. § 47, note.

αὐτοί —the main body, in contrast with

οὗτοι the archers.

καί before ἐπὶ πολύ is ‘quite.’

ὁ ἡγεμών —“the wonderful precision with which the [guide] possessing local knowledge selects the proper path is only equalled by the ease with which he loses it when working in an unfamiliar region. Chromon was, perhaps, a shepherd picked up at Eupalion” (Woodhouse).

κατὰ πόδας —‘promptly,’ ‘rapidly.’

ἡλικία ἡ αὐτή —‘and men of the same efficiency.’ The phrase is so compressed that it has become obscure. Thuc. means οὗτοι ( οἳ) τοσοῦτοι ( ἦσαν) τὸ πλῆθος καὶ ἡλικία ἡ αὐτὴ ( ἦσαν); and ἡλικία is collective. It is impossible to render ‘in the prime of life too,’ because it is obvious that all who were serving must be part of the ἡλικία, or those of military age.

φοβούμενος —doubtless he feared impeachment ( εἰσαγγελία), possibly on a γραφὴ προδοσίας. As soon as Demosthenes should return, he would be a private citizen, since he had not been elected Strategus for the official year 426 (summer)-425 (summer).

Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War 3.98

Anonymous (Translator)

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