Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War 3.22

[1] The Plataeans, after they were ready and had attended a tempestuous night, and withal moonless, went out of the city and were conducted by the same men that were the authors of the attempt. And first they passed the ditch that was about the town and then came up close to the wall of the enemy, who, because it was dark, could not see them coming; and the noise they made as they went could not be heard for the blustering of the wind.

[2] And they came on besides at a good distance one from the other, that they might not be betrayed by the clashing of their arms, and were but lightly armed and not shod but on the left foot for the more steadiness in the wet.

[3] They came thus to the battlements in one of the spaces between tower and tower, knowing that there was now no watch kept there. And first came they that carried the ladders and placed them to the wall: then twelve lightly armed, only with a dagger and a breastplate, went up, led by Ammeas the son of Coroebus, who was the first that mounted; and they that followed him went up into either tower six. To these succeeded others lightly armed that carried the darts for whom they that came after carried targets at their backs that they might be the more expedite to get up, which targets they were to deliver to them when they came to the enemy.

[4] At length, when most of them were ascended, they were heard by the watchmen that were in the towers.

[5] For one of the Plataeans taking hold of the battlements threw down a tile which made a noise in the fall. And presently there was an alarm, and the army ran to the wall. For in the dark and stormy night they knew not what the danger was, and the Plataeans that were left in the city came forth withal and assaulted the wall of the Peloponnesians on the opposite side to that where their men went over.

[6] So that though they were all in a tumult in their several places, yet not any of them that watched durst stir to the aid of the rest nor were able to conjecture what had happened.

[7] But those three hundred that were appointed to assist the watch upon all occasions of need went without the wall and made towards the place of the clamour.

[8] They also held up the fires, by which they used to make known the approach of enemies, towards Thebes. But then the Plataeans likewise held out many other fires from the wall of the city, which for that purpose they had before prepared, to render the fires of the enemy insignificant, and that the Thebans, apprehending the matter otherwise than it was, might forbear to send help till their men were over and had recovered some place of safety.

[1] when their preparations were completed, they waited for a stormy night of wind and rain and without any moon, and then set out, guided by the authors of the enterprise. Crossing first the ditch that ran round the town, they next gained the wall of the enemy unperceived by the sentinels, who did not see them in the darkness, or hear them, as the wind drowned with its roar the noise of their approach;

[2] besides which they kept a good way off from each other, that they might not be betrayed by the clash of their weapons. They were also lightly equipped, and had only the left foot shod to preserve them from slipping in the mire.

[3] They came up to the battlements at one of the intermediate spaces where they knew them to be unguarded: those who carried the ladders went first and planted them; next twelve light-armed soldiers with only a dagger and a breastplate mounted, led by Ammias, son of Coroebus, who was the first on the wall; his followers getting up after him and going six to each of the towers. After these came another party of light troops armed with spears, whose shields, that they might advance the easier, were carried by men behind, who were to hand them to them when they found themselves in presence of the enemy.

[4] After a good many had mounted they were discovered by the sentinels in the towers, by the noise made by a tile which was knocked down by one of the Plataeans as he was laying hold of the battlements.

[5] The alarm was instantly given, and the troops rushed to the wall, not knowing the nature of the danger, owing to the dark night and stormy weather; the Plataeans in the town having also chosen that moment to make a sortie against the wall of the Peloponnesians upon the side opposite to that on which their men were getting over, in order to divert the attention of the besiegers.

[6] Accordingly they remained distracted at their several posts, without any venturing to stir to give help from his own station, and at a loss to guess what was going on.

[7] Meanwhile the three hundred set aside for service on emergencies went outside the wall in the direction of the alarm. Fire-signals of an attack were also raised towards Thebes ;

[8] but the Plataeans in the town at once displayed a number of others, prepared beforehand for this very purpose, in order to render the enemy's signals unintelligible, and to prevent his friends getting a true idea of what was passing and coming to his aid, before their comrades who had gone out should have made good their escape and be in safety.

Diese nun, nachdem sie mit ihren Vorbereitungen zu Ende ¹
gekommen, nahmen einer mondlosen Nacht wahr, da es unter Stürmen
regnete, und verließen die Stadt. Anführer dabei waren dieselben,
die auch zu dem Versuche gerathen hatten. Zuerst überschritten sie
den Graben, der die Stadt umschloß, dann kamen sie bis an die
Mauer der Feinde, unbemerkt von den Wachen, die in der
Dunkelheit weder weit vor sich hin sahen, noch auch das Geräusch der
Herankommenden hören konnten, da der Sturm ihnen in's Gesicht schlug.
Auch hielten sich jene weit auseinander entfernt, damit nicht ihre
Waffen an einander anklirren und sie verrathen möchten. Sie waren
auch nur leicht gerüstet und nur am linken Fuße beschuht, um in dem
Kothe sicher auftreten zu können, Sie näherten sich nun in dein
Zwishcenranme zwischen zwei Thürmen den Brustwehren, weil sie
dieselben unbesetzt wußten. Zuerst kamen die Leiterträger und legten
diese an; dann stiegen zwölf Leichtbewaffnete mit Dolch und
Brustpanzer hinauf, welche Ammeias, des Koröbos Sohn, führte, der
anch als der Erste die Mauer erstieg. Von denen, welche nach ihm
hinaufkamen, wandten sich je sechs gegen einen der beiden Thürme.
Dann nach diesen kamen andere Leichtbewaffnete mit kurzen Spießen,
hinter denen drein Andere die Schilde nachtrugen, damit sie um so
leichter hinaufkämen. Die Schilde sollten sie dann an jene abgeben,
wann sie nah an den Feind gekommen wären. Als aber schon eine
größere Zahl hinaufgekommen war, bekamen die Wachen auf den
Thürmen Wind; denn Einer von den Platäern hatte beim Festhalten
an der Brustwehr einen Stein losgelassen, der beim Herunterfallen
Geräusch machte, worauf die Wache sogleich rief. Die Besatzung
eilte nach der Mauer, ohne in der finsteren, stürmischen Nacht zu
wissen, was der Lärm bedeute, und gleichzeitig machten auch die in
der Stadt zurückgebliebenen Platäer einen Ausfall gegen eine Stelle
der feindlichen Mauer, gerade entgegengesetzt derjenigen, wo ihre
Leute dieselbe überstiegen, um die Aufmerksamkeit der Feinde ganz
von derselben abzuziehen. Diese blieben nun aus Verwirrung jeder
auf seinem Platze stehen uud Keiner wagte von seinem Posten aus den
Andern zu Hülfe zu eilen, sondern Alle standen unschlüssig, wie sie
sich den Vorfall deuten sollten. Die dreihundert Mann von ihren,. ^{2 3 4}
welche vorkommenden Falls für eine nöthige Hülfeleistung bestimmt
waren, eilten auf den Ruf der Wache außerhalb der Ringmauer, und
nach der Seite von Theben hin wurden Lärmfeuer angezündet. Nun
zündeten aber auch die Platäer in der Stadt auf ihrer Mauer
Lärmfeuer in Menge dagegen an, die schön früher zu diesem Zweck in
Bereitschaft gesetzt worden waren, damit die Feinde sin Thebens in
Verlegenheit wären, was sie aus den Feuerzeichen machen sollten und
auf eine andere Vermuthung, als den wirklichen Vorfall kämen,
während unterdessen ihre eigenen Leute aus der Stadt sich durchschlügen
und einen sicheren Vorsprung gewännen.

XXII. Les assiégés, lorsque leurs préparatifs furent terminés, profitèrent d’une nuit où l’absence de la lune, jointe à une tempête de pluie ¹ et de vent, favorisait leur évasion. A leur tête marchaient les auteurs de l’entreprise. D’abord ils franchirent le fossé qui les entourait ; ils abordèrent ensuite le mur des ennemis, sans être aperçus par les gardes ; car ceux-ci ne pou- vaient ni les voir au milieu de l’obscurité, ni les entendre, le bruit de leur marche étant couvert par le fracas du vent. D’ailleurs, ils marchaient à une grande distance les uns des autres, pour n’être pas trahis par le choc de leurs armes. Ils étaient armés à la légère et chaussés seulement du pied gauche afin d’assurer leurs pas dans la boue. Ils abordèrent le mur dans l’intervalle de deux tours, en face des créneaux qu’ils savaient abandonnés ; ceux qui portaient les échelles marchaient en avant et les appliquèrent. Ensuite montèrent douze hommes légèrement armés, n’ayant qu’une petite épée et la cuirasse. Amméas, fils de Coroebus, les commandait et gravit le premier ; après lui montèrent ses douze hommes, six vers chacune des deux tours. A leur suite marchaient d’autres soldats légers, armés de petits javelots ; ceux-ci étaient eux-mêmes suivis par d’autres qui portaient leurs boucliers, afin de faciliter l’escalade, et qui devaient les leur remettre quand ils seraient près de l’ennemi. Déjà ils étaient en grand nombre sur le rempart, lorsque les gardes des tours prirent l’éveil ; un des Platéens, en s’accrochant à une brique des créneaux, l’avait arrachée ; elle fit du bruit en tombant et aussitôt fut jeté le cri d’alarme. Toutes les troupes se précipitèrent alors à la muraille, ignorant, au milieu des ténèbres et de l’orage, quel pouvait être le danger. En même temps ceux des Pla- téens restés dans la ville font une sortie et attaquent le mur des Péloponnésiens du côté opposé à celui où leurs compagnons l’escaladaient, afin de détourner de ces derniers l’attention de l’ennemi. Les Péloponnésiens troublés restaient en place, ne sachant que penser de ce qui arrivait ; aucun d’eux n’osait quitter son poste pour porter secours ailleurs. Cependant trois cents soldats, qui avaient ordre de porter secours partout où besoin serait, s’avancèrent hors des murs, du côté d’où partaient les cris ; en même temps des torches furent élevées du côté de Thèbes, pour annoncer l’ennemi. Mais les Platéens qui étaient dans la ville élevèrent aussi, du haut de la muraille, un grand nombre de torches préparées d’avance à cet effet, afin que les ennemis, confondant les signaux et soupçonnant tout autre chose que la vérité, ne vinssent pas au secours avant que ceux qui tentaient l’évasion se fussent échappés et mis en sûreté.

Quand tout fut prêt, les assiégés attendirent une nuit orageuset où la pluie, le vent et l’absence de lune favorisassent leur évasion. A leur tête marchaient les auteurs de l’entreprise. Ils franchirent premièrement le fossé qui les environnait ¹ ; puis ils atteignirent la circonvallation, sans être découverts par les sentinelles, qui ne pouvaient les apercevoir dans les ténèbres, ni les entendre à cause des mugissements du vent. D’ailleurs ils marchaient fort écartés les uns des autres, de peur que le choc de leurs armes ne les trahît. Ils étaient lestement équipés, et chaussés du pied gauche seulement, pour affermir leurs pas dans la glaise. Ils se dirigèrent vers une des courtines crénelées qui séparaient les tours et qu’ils savaient n’être pas gardées. D’abordceux qui portaient les échelles les dressèrent contre la muraille ; ensuite montèrent douze hommes armés à la légère, avec l’épée et la cuirasse, conduits par Amméas fils de Corébos, qui escalada le premier. Après lui montèrent ses douze compagnons, six vers chacune des deux tours. Ils étaient suivis par d’autres soldats armés à la légère et munis simplement de lances, afin de ne pas être gênés dans leur marche. D’autres, placés derrière eux, portaient leurs boucliers, qu’ils devaient leur passer lorsqu’on serait près de l’ennemi.

La plupart étaient déjà parvenus sur la muraille, lorsqu’ils furent découverts par les sentinelles retirées dans les tours. Un Platéen, en saisissant un créneau, avait détaché une brique. Au bruit de la chute, un cri s’élève; en un clin d’œil les assiégeants se précipitent sur le mur, sans savoir, dans cette nuit sombre et orageuse, d’où provenait l’alarme. En même temps, les Pla-téens demeurés dans la ville font une fausse attaque contre la partie du mur opposée à celle par où leurs gens montaient. Les Péloponésiens déconcertés restent immobiles, nul n’osant quitter son poste dans l’ignorance de ce qui se passait. Cependant les trois cents hommes qui avaient ordre d’accourir en cas d’alerte, s’avancent en dehors du mur vers l’endroit d’où partent les cris. Des signaux sont élevés pour donner l’éveil à Thèbes ; mais les Platéens de la ville élèvent sur leurs murailles un grand nombre d’autres signaux préparés dans ce but. Ils voulaient donner le change à l’ennemi et prévenir son arrivée, jusqu’à ce que leurs gens eussent effectué leur sortie et gagné un lieu de sûreté.

[1] After the Plataeans had finished their preparations, they waited for a night that was stormy with rain and wind and at the same time moonless, and then went forth. They were led by the men who were the authors of the enterprise. First they crossed the ditch which surrounded the town, then reached the foot of the enemy's wall unobserved by the guards, who in the all-pervading darkness could not see ahead and could not hear because the clatter of the wind drowned the noise of their approach;

[2] and, besides, they kept a good distance apart as they advanced, in order that their arms might not rattle against each other and cause detection. And they were not only lightly armed but also had only the left foot sandalled, for security against slipping in the mud.

[3] So they came up to the battlements at a space between two towers, knowing that the battlements were deserted. First came the men with the ladders, who set them against the wall; next came twelve light-armed men, with dagger and corslet only, who mounted the ladders. These were led by Ammeas son of Coroebus, who was the first to ascend, and after him his followers ascended, six men going against each of the adjoining towers. Next after these came other light troops armed with short spears, their shields being borne by another group which followed, that the former might advance more easily; and their shields were to be handed them when they were close to the enemy.

[4] Now when several had got up, the sentinels on the towers became aware of their presence; for one of the Plataeans in laying hold of the battlements threw down a tile, which fell with a thud.

[5] And immediately there was an outcry, and the garrison rushed to the wall; for they did not know what the danger was, as the night was dark and stormy, and at the same time the Plataeans who had been left behind in the town went out and attacked the wall of the Peloponnesians on the side opposite that over which their men were climbing, to distract attention from them as far as possible.

[6] Now the sentinels remained at their posts, though in a state of excitement, no one daring to leave his station and lend aid, but all being at a loss to conjecture what was going on.

[7] Furthermore, the three hundred, who had been appointed to bring aid wherever it was needed, proceeded outside of the wall in the direction of the outcry, and beacon fires indicating danger from the enemy were flashed towards Thebes.

[8] But the Plataeans in the town at the same time raised from their wall many deacons, which had been prepared beforehand for this very purpose, that the enemy's beacon signals might be rendered unintelligible and that the Thebans, thinking that the situation was different from what it really was, might defer bringing aid until the Plataeans who were leaving should have made good their escape and reached safety.

[1] When they had made their preparations, having watched for a stormy night of wind and rain, and at the same time moonless, they went forth under the guidance of those who had been the authors of the enterprise. In the first place then they crossed the ditch which ran round their city, and then came up to the enemy's wall, unperceived by the sentinels; for they did not see before them in the dark, and did not hear them owing to the wind, which drowned with its clatter the noise of their approach;

[2] besides, they went far apart from each other, that their arms might not clash together and betray them. They were also lightly armed, and had only the left foot shod, for security against slipping in the mire.

[3] So they came up to the battlements at one of the spaces between the towers, knowing that they were deserted. First came those who carried the ladders, which they planted; then twelve lightarmed, with only a dagger and a breastplate, proceeded to mount, Ammias son of Coroelius leading them, and being the first to mount, and after him his followers, six going to each of the towers. Next after them came another party of light-armed, with darts, whose shields, that they might the more easily advance, others carried in the rear, and were ready to hand them to them whenever they came to the enemy.

[4] When a considerable number had got up, the sentinels in the towers discovered it; for one of the Plataeans, in laying hold of the battlements, threw down a the from them, which made a noise as it fell.

[5] And immediately a shout was raised, and the troops rushed to the wall, for they did not know what the alarm was, the night being dark, and the weather stormy; and besides, those of the Plataeans who had been left behind in the town sallied forth, and made an attack on the wall of the Peloponnesians on the opposite side t where their men were getting over, that they might pay as little attention as possible to them.

[6] Thus, though they were alarmed, and stood to their several posts, no one ventured to go to the rescue beyond his own station, but they were at a loss to conjecture what was going on.

[7] Meanwhile their three hundred, whose orders were to give aid at whatever point it might be necessary, proceeded outside the wall in the direction of the shout.

[8] Fire-signals of an attack from the enemy were likewise raised towards Thebes; but the Plataeans in the city also raised many others, which had been prepared beforehand for this purpose, that the indications of the enemy's signals might be indistinct, and so [their friends] might not come to their aid, thinking the business something different from what it really was, till those of their own number who had gone out should have escaped and gained their safety.

[1] Hi autem rebus paratis, observata nocte, quae et pluvia et vento turbida, et praeterea illunis esset, exierunt; praeerant iis autem, qui et conatus hujus auctores erant. Ac primum quidem transierunt fossam, quae ipsos ambibat; deinde hostium muro successerunt, clam illorum custodibus, quia inter tenebras custodes non prospexerant, strepitum vero, quem ipsi edebant m accedendo, propter ventum obstrepentem exaudire non potuerant;

[2] simul etiam distantes intervallo satis magno vadebant, ne arma armis collisa rei significationem darent. Erant autem expediti armatura genere et sinistro tantum pede calceati, firmius ut consisterent in luto.

[3] In intervallum igitur, quod erat inter turres , ad murorum pinnas accesserunt, quod eas desertas esse scirent, primo quidem illi, qui scalas ferebant; atque eas apposuerunt; deinde duodecim levis armaturae cum pugione ac thorace ascendebant, quibus praeerat Ammeas Coroebi filius, et primus ascendit. Post ipsum vero qui sequebantur, sex in utramque turrim ascendebant. Deinde post hos alii levis armaturae cum jaculis vadebant, quibus alii a tergo scuta ferebant, ut illi facilius ascenderent, et ea erant illis tradituri, quum prope hostes ventum esset.

[4] Postquam autem plures muros ascenderunt, custodes, qui excubias in turribus agebant, hoc senserunt; quidam enim Plataeensis dum manu se sublevat, de pinnis dejecit tegulam, quae lapsa strepitum edidit. Atque statim clamor erat,

[5] et exercitus ad muros concurrebat; nec enim sciebat, quidnam esset periculi in nocte obscura et procellosa, et simul etiam Plataeenses, qui in urbe relicti erant, egressi Peloponnesiorum murum invaserunt, a parte, quae opposita erat illi, qua sui murum superabant, ut animum ad illos minime advertereot

[6] Itaque turbabantur quidem in suo quique loco manentes, auxilio vero accurrere ex sua custodia nemo audebat, sed animo dubio fluctuabantur, quid hoc rei esse statuerent, quod fiebat.

[7] Et trecenti eorum milites, quibus mandatum erat, ut, si quid opus esset, ad opem ferendam praesto essent , e muro ad clamorem procedebant. Et faces hostilis adventus indices Thebas versus tollebantur;

[8] Plataeenses vero, qui in urbe erant, et ipsi ex suo muro multas faces tollebant, quae ad hoc ipsum praeparatae erant, ut ignium signa hostibus essent incerta, utque suspicati aliquid aliud esse, quam quod res erat, opem non ferrent, prius quam sui, qui exierant, evasissent, et in loca tuta se recepissent.

[1] Wenn es bisher bei den Rednern an dieser Stätte fast allgemeiner Brauch geworden, den Mann zu rühmen, der mit der Bestattung diese Rede verband, weil an dem Grabe gefallener Krieger ein ehrendes Wort sich zieme, so würde ich es für hinreichend gehalten haben, dass man Helden der That mit einer festlichen Handlung ehre, — wie das denn der Staat durch die Bestattung gethan hat, deren Zeugen ihr so eben gewesen — und würde die Verherrlichung so vieler Männer nicht einem Einzelnen und der zufälligen Wirkung seines Vortrags anheimgegeben haben.

I quali ordinato che ebbero il tutto, colta l’opportunità d una notte burrascosa per pioggia e vento, ed anche senza luna , uscirono condotti da quei medesimi che avevano proposto l’impresa. E primieramente valicarono la fossa interna che li circondava ; poi vennero sotto il muro de’ nemici di soppiatto alle sentinelle , le quali attesa l’oscurità non gli avevano scorti, nè sentiti al rumore che mettevano nell’avanzarsi, tra perchè soffiava di rintoppo il vento, e perchè camminavano molto discosto l’uno dall’altro, affinchè le armi urtandosi insieme non ne dessero sentore. Erano inoltre spediti e leggeri di armatura , e per assicurarsi contro il fango calzati solo del piè sinistro. A riscontro adunque degli spazi ond’erano tra loro distanti le torri, si accostarono sotto a5 merli (che e’ sapevano essere senza guardie) primieramente i portatori delle scale e ve le appoggiarono : indi salivano dodici soldati leggeri, armati solo di lorica e pugnale , preceduti da Ammea figliolo di Corebo, che primo sali : quei che venivano dopo lui montavano sei ad una, sei all’altra delle due torri. Appresso questi seguivano altri di leggera armatura con lancluole; ai quali, acciocché potessero più agevolmente salire, altri dietro portavano gli scudi che dovevano dar loro quando e’ fossero a fronte co’ nemici. Saliti che furono la maggior parte , le sentinelle delle torri se ne accorsero, perchè uno de' Plateesi nelFattenersi ad una tegola la buttò giù dai merli, la quale caduta fece del rumore. Furono tosto alzate le grida dalle sentinelle, ed i nemici corsero alla volta del muro, non sapendo che inai ciò fosse, stante la notte buia ed il temporale. Nel tempo stesso i Plateesi ch’eran rimasti in città fecero una sortita, ed investirono il muro de’ Peloponnesi dal lato contrario a quello ove le loro genti davano la scalata , affine! i è i nemici avessero mente ad esse il meu possibile. Grande era il trambusto de’ nemici, ina stavano tutti al suo posto, nissuno avendo coraggio di lasciare la sua guardia ; nè sapevano conghietturare chè ciò si fosse. La loro truppa di trecento, destinata ad accorrere ove facesse bisogno, marciava dalla parte esterna del muro al luogo ove udivansi le grida. Intanto si alzavano inverso Tebe le fiaccole nuuziatrici del nemico, e dal canto loro i Plateesi di citth ne alzavano di sulle mura molte preparate innanzi appunto con questo intendimento, chè i segnali de’fuochi fossero incerti per i nemici; sicché stimando essere la cosa tutt’altro da quellò che ella era, non venissero in soccorso prima che la loro gente uscita di città scampasse, e si conducesse a qualche luogo di salvezza.