Why does not Catiline leave the city? Life there should be intolerable to him. He is feared and hated by all good citizens. His native city begs him to be gone.

murus , i.e. city wall (cf. parietibus , walls of a house, sect. 6 ).

intersit : § 528 (314); B. 310, ii; G. 573; H. 587 (513, i); H-B. 529.

non feram , etc.: the same idea is repeated for emphasis, but, for variety, different words are used.

[11] atque , and particularly.

huic , i.e. in whose temple we are met.

Statori ( sto): the one who causes to stand firm. The temple to Jupiter Stator was vowed by Romulus when his troops were giving way, and built upon the spot where their flight was stayed. The remains of this temple have been recently discovered on the Palatine, near the Arch of Titus.

in uno homine , by one man (Catiline); lit. in the case of one man.

proximis : the consular election was usually held in July; but in this year, on account of the disturbed condition of things, it did not take place until Oct.28.

in Campo : the comitia centuriata, in which the higher magistrates were elected, were held in the Campus Martius, or military parade-ground, north of the city. This is the space covered by the main part of modern Rome.

competitores : Catiline's successful competitors were D. Silanus and L. Murena.

copiis , i.e. persons in the employ of his friends, — slaves and hired retainers.

nullo . . . concitato , without exciting (a very common way of expressing this idiom in Latin).

videbam , I saw all along (observe the force of the imperf.).

[12] nunc jam , now at length .

hujus imperi , i.e. that which I now possess: namely, that conferred upon the consuls by the special decree of the Senate dent operant, etc. (see note on p. 100, l. 12 ). Without this decree they possessed imperium, it is true, but it was limited (in the city) by special privileges of Roman citizens.

tu : opposed to comitum.

sentina rei publicae , political rabble; or, keeping the original figure, we might say, bilge-water of the ship of state . 6

[13] faciebas , were on the point of doing: § 471 , c (277, c); B. 260, 3; G. 233; H. 534, 2 (469, I); H-B. 484.

hostem , a public enemy, whom the consul would have the right to expel from the city.

non jubeo : Cicero avoids the appearance of ordering a citizen to go into exile, since that was something which the consul had no right to do.

jam , longer.

metuat : cf. note on cogitent, p. 103, l. 9 .

privatarum rerum , in private life, i.e. intercourse with others out of the family (distinguished from domesticae, above).

quem . . . inretisses , i.e. after entangling, etc. (subj. of characteristic).

ferrum . . . facem , i.e. arm him for acts of violence, or inflame him to deeds of lust.

[14] quid vero , and sly!

novis nuptiis , etc.: this crime is mentioned by no other writer, and is perhaps one of the orator's exaggerations.

aho . . . scelere : Sallust mentions, as a matter of common belief, that Catiline killed his own son, in order to gratify his new wife Aurelia Orestilla, "a woman praised for nothing but beauty."

ruinas : this charge was undoubtedly correct. The conspiracy was mainly composed of men of ruined fortunes, who hoped to better themselves in the general scramble of a revolution.

Idibus : the Calends and Ides — the beginning and middle of the month—were the usual times for the payment of debts. Catiline's failure in his consular canvass had probably stirred up his creditors to push him for payment.

[15] cum : causal, but best translated by when.

pridie Kalendas Januarias , etc.: Dec.31, B.C. 66. The act here mentioned seems to have been in preparation for a rising that had been planned by Catiline for the next day, Jan. 1, B.C. 65. On this day the consuls Cotta and Torquatus entered upon their office, and it was the intention of Catiline to take advantage of their inauguration to murder them and seize the government. The plot got whispered about, and its execution was put off to Feb. 5, when it failed again through Catiline's precipitancy in giving the word.

cum telo (a technical expression), weapon in hand.

manum : a band (of assassins).

interficiendorum causi : § 504 , b (298, c); cf. B. 338, I, c; G. 428, R.2; H-B. 612, I.

mentem aliquam , some change of mini

aut . . . aut , etc., either obscure or few.

non multa , etc., i.e. they were too well known to need recapitulation, and too numerous to admit of it.

commissa , which you have perpetrated.

petitiones , thrusts: the word regularly used for the attack of a gladiator. Cicero uses this and similar terms as an affront to Catiline.

ita conjectas , etc., so aimed that they seemed impossible to be shunned. The Latin has no adj. for "impossible."

corpore , i.e. dodging with the body (a common colloquialism —hence ut aiunt ).

[16] tibi (dative of reference), etc., wrested from your hands: § 377 (235, a); B. 188, I); G. 350, 1; H. 425, 4, N. (384, 4, N.2); H.-B. 368.

quae quidem , etc., I know not by what rights it has been consecrated and set apart, that you think, etc. (as if Catiline had solemnly pledged himself to use this dagger on nobody lower than a consul). 105.31

nunc vero , but now (indicating a marked transition).

vita , i.e. that you should desire to prolong it (cf. sect. 15 ).

quae nulla , nothing of which: § 346 , e (216, e); B. 201, I, b; G. 370, R.2; H.-B. 346, c.

necessariis : this word is used of any close relation, as that of kinsman, client, guest, comrade, member of the same order, etc. (see note on necessitudinem , Verr. 1.11 , p. 32, l. 3 ).

quid quod , what of this, — that, etc.

subsellia : undoubtedly wooden benches brought in for the occasion.

consulares : these voted as a class, and probably sat together. Catiline, as a praetorius, no doubt sat in their neighborhood.

ferendum [ esse] is the pred. of the clause quod . . . reliquerunt .

[17] servi : emphatic, and hence preceding si .

injuria , unjustly, wrongfully.

carere aspectu , be deprived of the sight of

aliquo concederes , would retire somewhere.

nunc : opposed to the cont. to fact si , etc.

te nihil . . . cogitare , that you think of nothing (depending on judicat ).

judicat : for tense, see § 466 (276, a); B. 259, 4; G. 230; H. 532, 2 (467, 2); H.-B. 485.

auctoritatem , etc.: observe the climax in both nouns and verbs.

quae (i.e. patria)... agit, she thus pleads with you .

annis : § 424 , b (256,b); B. 231,1; G. 393, R.2; H. 417, I and 2 (379, I); H.-B. 440.

sociorum , i.e. the allied cities of the province of Africa, which Catiline had governed as pro-praetor, B.C. 67 .

neglegandas implies only evasion; evertendas , violence.

leges et quaestiones , i.e. in his lawless career both as praetor in Rome and as pro-praetor in Africa.

superiora illa , those former crimes of yours.

me . . . esse , etc.: this and the two following infin. clauses (Catilinam timeri and nullum videri . . . consilium ) are subjects of est ferendum ; posse depends on videri .

quicquid increpuerit , subj. of integral part; § 593 (342); B. 324, I; G. 663, I; H. 652 (529, ii); H-B. 539.

abhorreat (subj. of characteristic), is inconsistent with.

hunc . . . eripe , rescue me from, etc. (lit. snatch it from me); § 381 (229); B. 188, 2, d; G. 345, R.1; H. 429, 2 (386, 2); 14.-B. 371.

ne opprimar : § 515 , a (306, a); B. 302,4; G. 595; 11.580 (508, 4); H.-B. 582, I.

aliquando , some time or other (implying impatience).

[19] etiam si . . . possit : § 527 , c (313, c); cf. B. 309; G. 604 and R.1; 14.585(515, ii); H-B. 582,8.

in custodiam dedisti , i.e. into free custody, on parole. This appears to have been late in October, when Catiline was prosecuted on the Lex Plautia de vi. When a respectable Roman was charged with a crime it was customary for some person to bail him out, as it were, by becoming responsible for his appearance. Being thus responsible, the surety kept the accused in a kind of custody at his house.

ad M'. Lepidum , etc.: ad = apud. Lepidus was the consul of B.C. 66.

ad me : this was of course intended by Catiline as a demonstration of his innocence.

domi meae : § 428 , k (258, e); G. 411, a.4; H.-B. 454.1.

parietibus , loc. abl.; moenibus , abl. of means. Observe the difference of meaning in these words and the emphasis of the contrast,

qui . . . essem : this would be subj. ( sim) in dir. disc. as implying the reason; § 535 , e (320, e); B. 283, 3; G. 626, a.; H. 592, 598 (517); H.-B. 523.

Metellum : Q. Metellus Celer, consul B.C. 60; he afterwards did good service in the campaign against Catiline.

virum optimum , an excellent man (ironical, of course).

sagacissimum , keen-scented; fortissimum , energetic and fearless.

videtur . . . debere , does it seem that he ought to be? Observe that the Latin prefers the personal construction ("does he seem," etc.), which the English idiom with ought does not allow us to imitate: § 582 (330, b, I); B. 332, b; G. 528, R2; H. 611, N.1 (534, 1, N.1); Cf. H-B. 590, I, a.

[20] Two courses were open to Catiline: to leave the city or to run his chances of being put to death. If he left the city, he could, of course, either join his accomplice Manlius in the insurgent camp at Faesulae, or abandon his projects and go into voluntary exile. Apparently some of the Senators had privately urged him to adopt the latter alternative, promising, in that case, that all proceedings should be dropped, and Catiline, though rejecting their advice, had declared that he would not refuse to obey a senatus consultum decreeing his banishment. Such a decree would, however, have been favorable to Catiline's plans, for, since he bad not been formally brought to trial, he would have been able to pose as an injured citizen exiled by an arbitrary aristocratic party. Hence Cicero refuses to put the question to the Senate, though he asserts there could be no doubt about the result. By taking this course Cicero forced Catiline to make his intentions plain by the overt act of leaving the city of his own accord and hastening to the camp of Manlius.

refer . . . ad senatum : the technical term for the action of the presiding officer (regularly the consul) in bringing a matter before the Senate for action. See general Introduction, p. lvii.

si hic ordo placere , etc.: fut. cond. in indir. disc.

placere (sc. sibi): the subject is te . . . exsilium .

abhorret , is contrary to: because the Senate would have no legal power to pronounce such a judgment.

faciam ut , etc.: § 568 (332); B. 297, I G. 553, I ; H. 568 (498, ii); H.-B. 502, 3, a. To make the feelings of the Senate clear, Cicero formally commands Catiline to leave the city ( egredere, etc.); then pauses to allow the Senators a chance to protest, and then points out that no objections are heard.

ecquid attendis , are you listening? The adverbial ecquid ( at all) can hardly be idiomatically rendered, but gives an emphasis to the question.

patiuntur , they tolerate this, i.e. they make no objection to this extreme exercise of authority on my part.

quid exspectas , etc.: why do you wait for those to express their opinion in words whose wishes you see clearly by their silence? The Latin idiom is quite different: why do you wait for the expressed opinion ( auctoritatem ) of [those] speaking whose wishes you see [when] silent?

[21] huic , this.. . here: the demonstrative pronouns are often thus employed in the so-called deictic use, accompanied by a gesture.

Sestio : a member of the aristocratic party whom Cicero afterwards defended in one of his greatest orations.

M. Marcello : a prominent member of the aristocracy, consul B.C. 51; not to be confounded with the person of the same name mentioned in sect. 19 . He took a leading part in the Civil War against Caesar, and was afterwards defended by Cicero (see p.213)-jam, by this time.

consuli , consul as I ant.

in templo , i.e. notwithstanding the sacredness of the place.

vim et manus (hendiadys), violent hands.

cum quiescunt , i.e. by keeping quiet: § 549 , a (326, a); G. 582; H. 599(517,2); H-B. 551.

videlicet cara , alluding to his demand to have the matter submitted to the Senate.

voces , cries (of the crowd outside).

haec (with a gesture, cf. huic, sect. 21 , first note), i.e. all that is round us, the city, etc.

prosequantur , escort It was the custom for those who were going into voluntary exile to be thus accompanied to the gate by their friends. Cicero sarcastically declares that, if Catiline will depart, the whole Senate will be so glad to be rid of him as to forget his crimes and pay him this honor. 9

[22] te . . . frangat , [the idea] that anything should bend you! i.e. break down your stubbornness; an exclam. clause with ut: § 462 , a (332, c); G. 558; H. 559,5(486, ii, N.); H.-B. 503 and b.

utinam . . . duint : § 442 (267, b); cf. B. 279; G. 201 ; H. 559, I (483, I); H-B. 511, I; for form, see § 183 , 2 (128,e, 2); B. 127, 2; G. 130,4; H. 240,3 (244,3); H.-B. 197, a.

ire : § 457 (271, a); B. 295,4, N.; G. 532, and R.2; H. 565,5 (498, i, N.); H.-B. 586, e.

recenti memoria (abl. of time): translate by a while clause.

est tanti , it is worth the cost: § 417 (252, a); Cf. B. 203, 3; G. 380, I, R.; H. 448, 4 (405); H.-B. 356, I.

sit : § 528 (314); B 310, ii; G. 573; H. 587 (513,i); H.-B. 529.

ut . . . commoveare , etc., subject of est postulandum: § 566 (331, h); cf. B. 295; G. 546, 1 ; H. 564, ii (499, 3); cf. H.-B. 502, 3, a.

is es . . . ut : § 537 , 2, N.2 (319, R.); B. 284, 1; G. 552; H. 570 (500, ii); H.-B. 521, 2, a and footnote.

[23] inimico , a private enemy, thus attributing to Cicero personal motives of opposition.

recta (sc. via), straightway . vix feram, etc.: for Catiline's going into voluntary exile would tend to prove that he was innocent and had been persecuted by the consul (see note on p. 107, l. 19 ).

sin autem , etc.: Catiline's going to Manlius would prove his guilt and show the wisdom of Cicero's action.

latrocinio , brigandage, i.e. partisan warfare, as opposed to a regular war ( justum bellum ).

[24] quamquam , and yet: § 527 , d, N. (313, f); B. 309, 5; G. 605, R.2; H. 586, 4 (515, iii, N.2); H.-B. 310, 7. cf. the same use of quamquam, p. 108, l. 13 , and of tametsi, p. 108, l. 16 .

invitem : § 444 (268); B. 277; G. 265; H. 557(486, ii); H.-B. 503.

sciam : characteristic subj.

Forum Aurelium : a small place on the Via Aurelia, about fifty miles from Rome. The Via Aurelia was the road which led along the sea-coast of Etruria, by which Catiline left the city the following night.

praestolarentur : rel. clause of purpose.

aquilam : the silver eagle had been adopted by Marius as the standard of the legion, and the eagle in question was said to have been actually used in the army of Marius.

sacrarium : it was customary in Roman houses to have a little shrine (see Fig. 27) for the worship of the lares and other protecting divinities. Doubtless Catiline was believed to have placed this eagle in such a shrine as an object of superstitious worship.

ut possis : exclam. clause with ut (see note on p. 108, l. 13 ). 10

[25] rapiebat : § 471 , b (277, b); B. 260, 4; H-B. 485; the imperf. is used instead of the pres. because the action is conceived of as ceasing at the moment when Cicero discovered the plot.

haec res , i.e. leaving the city as an enemy and taking up arms.

non modo , to say nothing of: § 327 , I (209, a, I); B. 347, 2; G. 445; H. 656, 2 (553, 2); H.-B. 298, 2, a.

atque connects perditis and derelictis ; ab connects fortuna and spe with derelictis .

conflatam , run together (like molten metal).

[26] hic , i.e. in this band.

bacchabere , will revel. To a Roman the word suggested the wild orgies of the frenzied Bacchanals, so that it is much stronger than our revel, which in course of time has become rather vague: cf. Aeneid 4.301 (and illustrations).

meditati sunt , have been practised; feruntur , are talked about.

labores : cf. Sallust Catiline 5 : L. Catilina nobili genere natus fuit, magna vi et animi et corporis, sed ingenio malo pravoque. Huic ab adulescentia bella intestina caedes rapinae discordia civilis grata fuere ibique juventutem suam exercuit. Corpus patiens inediae algoris vigiliae supra quam cuiquam credibile est .

facinus , deed of violence, contrasted with stuprum , debauchery; just as bonis otiosorum, property of peaceful citizens, is with somno maritorum, the repose of husbands.

ubi ostentes (purpose clause), opportunity to display (lit. a place, where, etc.).

[27] reppuli : § 545 (323, I) B. 288, I, a; G. 580; H. 600 (5 1, i); H.-B. 550 and a. Cicero here takes credit to himself for using his influence as consul to defeat the election of Catiline.

exsul , consul : observe the play upon words (see Vocab.).

latrocinium : cf. note on latrocinio, l. 1, above.