Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 45.10

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[1]

victoriae Romanae fama cum pervasisset in Asiam, Antenor, qui cum classe lemborum ad Phanas stabat, Cassandriam inde traeicit.

[2] -C. Popilius, qui ad Delum ¹ in praesidio navibus Macedoniam petentibus erat, postquam debellatum in Macedonia et statione summotos hostium lembos audivit, dimissis et ipse Attali ² navibus ad susceptam legationem peragendam navigare Aegyptum pergit,

[3] ut prius occurrere Antiocho posset quam ad Alexandreae moenia accederet.

[4] cum praeterveherentur Asiam legati et Loryma ³ venissent, qui portus viginti paulo amplius milia ab Rhodo abest, ex adverso urbi ipsi positus,

[5] principes Rhodiorum occurrunt—iam enim ⁴ eo quoque victoriae fama perlata erat—orantes, ut Rhodum deveherentur: pertinere id ad famam salutemque civitatis, noscere ipsos omnia quae acta essent quaeque ⁵ agerentur Rhodi, et comperta per se, non volgata fama Romam referre.

[6] diu negantes pepulerunt, ut moram navigationis brevem pro salute sociae urbis paterentur. postquam Rhodum ventum est, in contionem quoque eos iidem precibus pertraxerunt.

[7] adventus legatorum auxit potius timorem civitati quam minuit; omnia enim Popilius quae singuli universique eo bello hostiliter dixerant fecerantque rettulit,

[8] et vir asper ingenio augebat atrocitatem eorum quae dicerentur voltu truci et accusatoria voce,

[9] ut, cum propriae simultatis nulla causa cum civitate ei ⁶ esset, ex unius senatoris Romani acerbitate, qualis in se universi senatus animus esset, coniectarent.

[10] C. Decimi moderatior oratio fuit, ⁷ qui in plerisque eorum quae commemorata a Popilio essent culpam non penes populum, sed penes paucos concitores volgi esse dixit:

[11] eos venalem linguam habentis decreta plena regiae adsentationis fecisse et eas legationes misisse, quarum Rhodios semper non minus puderet quam paeniteret. quae omnia, si sana mens ⁸ populo foret, in capita noxiorum versura. cum magno adsensu auditus est,

[12] non magis eo ⁹ quod multitudinem noxa levabat quam quod culpam in auctores verterat.

[13] itaque cum principes Rhodiorum Romanis responderent, nequaquam tam ¹⁰ grata oratio eorum fuit qui quae Popilius obiecerat diluere utcumque conati sunt, quam eorum qui Decimio in auctoribus ad piaculum noxae obiciendis adsensi sunt.

[14] decretum igitur extemplo ut qui pro Perseo adversus Romanos dixisse quid aut fecisse convincerentur, capitis ¹¹ condemnarentur. excesserant¹² urbe sub adventum ¹³ Romanorum quidam, alii mortem sibi consciverunt.

[15] legati non ultra quam quinque dies Rhodi morati Alexandream proficiscuntur. nec eo segnius iudicia ex decreto coram iis ¹⁴ facto Rhodii exercebant; ¹⁵ quam perseverantiam in exsequenda re tam Decimi lenitas quam Popili effecerat asperitas. ¹⁶

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

Ab urbe condita (Latin) (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).)

Editions (2)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 45.10 focus

[1] victoriae Romanae fama cum pervasisset in Asiam, Antenor, qui cum classe lemborum ad Phanas stabat, Cassandriam inde traiecit.

[2] C. Popilius, qui Deli in praesidio navibus Macedoniam petentibus erat, postquam debellatum in Macedonia et statione summotos hostium lembos audivit, dimissis et ipse Attali navibus ad susceptam legationem peragendam navigare Aegyptum pergit,

[3] ut prius occurrere Antiocho posset, quam ad Alexandreae moenia accederet.

[4] cum praeterveherentur Asiam legati et Loryma venissent, qui portus viginti paulo amplius milia ab Rhodo abest, ex adverso urbi ipsi positus, principes Rhodiorum occurrunt — iam enim eo quoque victoriae fama perlata erat — orantes, ut Rhodum deveherentur:

[5] pertinere id ad famam salutemque civitatis, noscere ipsos omnia, quae acta essent quaeque agerentur Rhodi, et conperta per se, non volgata fama Romam referre.

[6] diu negantes perpulerunt, ut moram navigationis brevem pro salute sociae urbis paterentur. postquam Rhodum ventum est, in contionem quoque eos iidem precibus pertraxerunt.

[7] adventus legatorum auxit potius timorem civitati quam minuit; omnia enim Popilius, quae singuli universique eo bello hostiliter dixerant fecerantque,

[8] rettulit, et vir asper ingenio augebat atrocitatem eorum, quae dicerentur,

[9] voltu truci et accusatoria voce, ut, cum propriae simultatis nulla causa cum civitate ei esset, ex unius senatoris Romani acerbitate, qualis in se universi senatus animus esset, coniectarent.

[10] C. Decimi moderatior oratio fuit, qui in plerisque eorum, quae commemorata a Popilio essent, culpam non penes populum, sed penes paucos concitores volgi esse dixit:

[11] eos, venalem linguam habentis, decreta plena regiae adsentationis fecisse et eas legationes misisse, quarum Rhodios semper non minus puderet quam paeniteret. quae omnia, si sana mens populo foret, in capita noxiorum versura.

[12] cum magno adsensu auditus est, non magis eo, quod multitudinem noxa levabat, quam quod culpam in auctores verterat.

[13] itaque cum principes Rhodiorum Romanis responderent, nequaquam tam grata oratio eorum fuit, qui, quae Popilius obiecerat, diluere utcumque conati sunt, quam eorum, qui Decimio in auctoribus ad piaculum noxae obiciendis adsensi sunt.

[14] decretum igitur extemplo, ut, qui pro Perseo adversus Romanos dixisse quid aut fecisse convincerentur, capitis condemnarentur. excesserant urbe sub adventum Romanorum quidam, alii mortem sibi consciverunt.

[15] legati non ultra quam quinque dies Rhodi morati Alexandream proficiscuntur. nec eo segnius iudicia ex decreto coram iis facto Rhodii exercebant; quam perseverantiam in exequenda re tam Decimi lenitas quam Popili effecerat asperitas.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 45.10 focus

[1]

victoriae Romanae fama cum pervasisset in Asiam, Antenor, qui cum classe lemborum ad Phanas stabat, Cassandriam inde traiecit.

[2] C. Popilius, qui ad Delum praesidio navibus Macedoniam petentibus erat, postquam debellatum in Macedonia et statione summotos hostium lembos audivit, dimissis et ipse adticis ¹ navibus ad susceptam legationem peragendam navigare Aegyptum pergit, ut prius occurrere Antiocho posset, quam ad Alexandreae moenia accederet.

[3] cum praeterveherentur Asiam legati et Loryma venissent, qui portus viginti paulo amplius milia ab Rhodo abest ex adverso urbi ipsi positus, principes Rhodiorum occurrunt —

[4] iam enim eo quoque victoriae fama perlata erat — orantes, ut Rhodum deveherentur: pertinere id ad famam salutemque civitatis, noscere ipsos omnia, quae acta essent quaeque agerentur Rhodi, et conperta per se, non volgata fama Romam referre.

[5] diu negantes perpulerunt, ut moram navigationis brevem pro salute sociae urbis paterentur. postquam Rhodum ventum est, in contionem quoque eos iidem precibus pertraxerunt.

[6] adventus legatorum auxit potius timorem civitati quam minuit; omnia enim Popilius, quae singuli universique eo bello hostiliter dixerant fecerantque,

[7] rettulit et vir asper ingenio augebat atrocitatem eorum, quae dicerentur,

[8] voltu truci et accusatoria voce, ut, cum propriae simultatis nulla causa cum civitate esset, ex unius ² senatoris Romani acerbitate, qualis in se universi senatus animus esset, coniectarent.

[9] C. Decimi moderatior oratio fuit, qui in plerisque eorum, quae commemorata a Popilio essent, culpam non penes populum, sed penes paucos concitores volgi esse dixit:

[10] eos venalem linguam habentis decreta plena regiae adsentationis fecisse et eas legationes misisse, quarum Rhodios semper non minus puderet quam paeniteret. quae omnia, si sana mens populo foret, in capita noxiorum versura.

[11] cum magno adsensu auditus est non magis eo, quod multitudinem noxa levabat, quam quod culpam in auctores verterat.

[12] itaque cum principes eorum Romanis responderent, nequaquam tam grata oratio eorum fuit, qui, quae Popilius obiecerat, diluere utcumque conati sunt, quam eorum, qui Decimio in auctoribus ad piaculum noxae obiciendis adsensi sunt.

[13] decretum igitur extemplo, ut, qui pro Perseo adversus Romanos dixisse quid aut fecisse convincerentur, capitis condemnarentur. excesserunt urbe sub adventum Romanorum quidam, alii mortem sibi consciverunt.

[14] legati non ultra quam ³quinque dies Rhodi morati Alexandream proficiscuntur. nec eo segnius iudicia ex decreto coram his facto Rhodii exercebant; quam perseverantiam in exequenda re tam Decimi lenitas quam .

Translations (3)

History of Rome Perseus (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library)) — 45.10 focus

[1]

When a report of the Roman victory penetrated to Asia, Antenor, who was lying off Phanae with his fleet of scout-ships, crossed from there to Cassandria. ¹

[2] When Gaius Popilius, who was at Delos to protect ships making for Macedonia, heard that the war had been brought to an end in Macedonia and that the enemy scout-ships had left their post, he for his part dismissed the ships of Attalus and proceeded to sail for Egypt to complete the mission

[3] on which he had started, so that he might be able to meet Antiochus before he reached the walls of Alexandria.

[4] As the ambassadors were sailing past Asia and came to Loryma, a harbour slightly more than twenty miles from Rhodes and situated exactly opposite to the city, ² the chief men of Rhodes ³ met them (for the report of the victory had by now been brought to that city also) with the request that they put in at Rhodes;

[5] for, said the Rhodians, it was a matter touching the reputation and safety of their city that the envoys should personally become acquainted with everything which had been done and was being done at Rhodes, and that they should carry back to Rome facts ascertained by themselves, not popular rumours.

[6] After many refusals, they induced the envoys to endure a short delay of their voyage for the sake of the safety of an allied city. After their arrival at Rhodes, the same leaders also dragged them by entreaty before an assembly.

[7] The arrival of the envoys increased rather than diminished the fear of the city;

[8] for Popilius rehearsed every hostile word or act during this war either on the part of individuals or of the commonwealth, and being a man of harsh temperament,

[9] he increased the savage effect of his remarks by his grim face and prosecutor's tone, so that, since he had no reason for a personal quarrel with Rhodes, the people guessed from the bitterness of one Roman senator what the attitude of the whole senate was toward them.

[10] The speech of Gaius Decimius was milder, for he laid the blame for many of the offences mentioned by Popilius not at the door of the people as a whole, but at that of a few agitators;

[11] these, he said, whose tongues were for sale, had written the decrees full of fawning upon the king and had sent those embassies concerning which the Rhodians had always felt as much shame as regret. All these acts, said Decimius, would, if the people's reason was sound, recoil upon the heads of the guilty.

There was great approval felt for his speech, but no ⁴ more because he relieved the commons of blame than because he assigned responsibility to the guilty.

[13] And so when the leaders of the Rhodians answered the Romans, their speeches were by no means as pleasing when the speaker tried at all costs to extenuate the charges made by Popilius, as when he agreed with Decimius in urging that the responsible persons should expiate their wrong. A decree was therefore passed at once that anyone convicted of saying or doing anything against the Romans in behalf of Perseus should be put to death.

[14] Some had left the city on the arrival of the Romans, others committed suicide. After a delay of not more than five days at Rhodes, the ambassadors left for Alexandria.

[15] The Rhodians proceeded no less zealously to prosecute trials according to the decree passed in the presence of the Romans. This unflagging zeal in carrying the matter out was produced as much by the mildness of Decimius as by the harshness of Popilius.

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 45.10 focus

[1]

When the news of the victory, obtained by the Romans, was carried into Asia, Antenor, who lay with a fleet of small vessels at Phanae, sailed over to Cassandrea.

[2] Caius Popilius, who staid at Delos to protect the ships bound to Macedon, learning that the war there was at an end, and that the enemy's fleet had left its station, sent home the Athenian squadron, and proceeded on his voyage for Egypt, to finish the business of the embassy with which he was charged,

[3] in order that he might meet Antiochus before he should approach the walls of Alexandria.

[4] When the ambassadors, after sailing along the coast of Asia, arrived at Loryma, a port somewhat more than twenty miles from Rhodes, and just opposite to that city, some of the principal Rhodians (for the news of the victory had by this time reached them too) met them, and requested them

to sail over to their city;

[5]

that it was of the utmost consequence to the character and safety of the Rhodian state that they should, in person, inform themselves of what had been done, and what was then passing at Rhodes; so as to carry to Rome intelligence, founded on their own knowledge, and not on vague reports.

[6] After refusing for a long time, they were at length prevailed on to submit to a short delay of their voyage, for the sake of the safety of an allied city. When they came to Rhodes, the same persons, by urgent entreaties, persuaded them to come into a general assembly.

[7] The arrival of the ambassadors rather heightened, than allayed, the fears of the public. For Popilius enumerated all the hostile expressions and actions, both of the community and of individuals, during the war:

[8] and, being naturally of an austere temper, he magnified the atrociousness of the matters which he mentioned, by the sternness of his countenance, and the harshness of his tone of voice;

[9] so that, as he had no cause of personal quarrel with their state, people judged from the severity of one Roman senator, what was the feeling of the whole senate towards them.

[10] The speech of Caius Decimius was more moderate; for he said,

that in most of the particulars mentioned by Popilius, the blame lay, not on the nation, but on a few incendiary ringleaders of the populace, who, employing their tongues for hire, procured the passing of several decrees, full of flattery towards the king;

[11]

and had sent those embassies, at which the Rhodians should always feel not less shame than grief; all which proceedings, however, if the people were disposed to act properly, would fall on the heads of the guilty.

He was heard with great satisfaction; not only because he extenuated the offences of the community, but because he threw the whole blame on the authors of their misconduct.

[12] When, therefore, their own magistrates spoke in answer to the Romans, the speech of those who endeavoured to exculpate them, in some

[13] measure, from the charges advanced by Popilius, was not so pleasing to them as the advice of those who concurred with the opinion of Decimius, in the necessity of giving up the principal instigators to atone for their crime. A decree was therefore immediately passed, that all who should be convicted of having, in any instance, spoken or acted in favour of Perseus, against the Romans, should be condemned to die.

[14] Several of those concerned had left the city on the arrival of the Romans: others put an end to their own lives. The ambassadors staid only five days at Rhodes, and then proceeded to Alexandria.

[15] Nor were the trials instituted, pursuant to the decree passed in their presence, carried on at Rhodes with less activity; and this perseverance of the Rhodians, in the execution of that business, was entirely owing to the mild behaviour of Decimius.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 45.10 focus

[1]

When the news of the victory of Rome had spread into Asia, Antenor, who was lying with a fleet of swift ships at Phanae, left that place for Cassandrea.

[2] C. Popilius was at Delos to escort the supply ships destined for Macedonia, and when he learnt that the war in Macedonia was at an end and that the enemy vessels had left their station he sent home the ships of the allies which were under his command and set sail for Egypt to

[3] carry out the mission with which he was charged. He was anxious to meet Antiochus, if possible, before he approached the walls of Alexandria.

[4] Coasting along the shores of Asia the commissioners arrived at Loryma, a harbour little more than twenty miles from Rhodes and facing the city. Here some of the leading Rhodians had come to meet them-for by this time the news of the victory had been carried to Rhodes-and begged them to break their journey at Rhodes.

[5] They said that it deeply concerned the good name and safety of their city that the commissioners should find out for themselves what had been going on and what was going on at the time, and should carry back to Rome what they had personally ascertained and not simply empty rumours.

[6] For a long time they refused, but at last consented to a brief interruption of their voyage for the sake of an allied city. After they had entered Rhodes, these same men persuaded them to appear before their assembly.

[7] The appearance of the commissioners increased rather than allayed the fears of the citizens. Popilius brought up all the hostile speeches and acts of which they had been guilty during the war, whether individually or collectively.

[8] Being a man of fierce temper, he made the matters he spoke about appear still more heinous by his angry expression and the sternness of his voice.

[9] So though the citizens had given him no personal offence, they could gather from the embittered tone of one Roman senator what the feelings of the senate as a whole were towards them. The address of C. Decimius was much more moderate.

[10] With regard to most of the things that Popilius had mentioned, he said that the blame did not rest with the people, but with a few agitators who had stirred up the mob, and, winning their votes by bribery, had passed decrees filled with flattery of the king, and had been the means of those embassies being sent to him which had caused the Rhodians as much shame as regret.

[11] All this, if the people were sound at heart, would recoil on the heads of the guilty parties.

[12] His words were loudly applauded, for he not only exculpated the great body of the citizens, but he fastened the guilt on those who were really responsible for the mischief.

[13] When, therefore, their leaders spoke in reply, those of them who tried to explain away the charges which Popilius had made were not listened to with anything like the approval which greeted those who agreed with Decimius that the authors of the evil should be made to atone for the evil they had done. A decree was at once passed that those who were convicted of having spoken or acted in favour of Perseus against the Romans should be sentenced to death.

[14] Some had left the city before the Romans came, others took their own lives. The commissioners did not stay beyond five days in Rhodes, and then went on to Alexandria.

[15] Their departure did not make the Rhodians any the more slack in commencing the trials under the decree passed when the commissioners were present; the mildness of Decimius did quite as much to strengthen their resolution to see the thing through as the severity of Popilius.

Notes on the current edition

Ab urbe condita

1. ad Delum Fr : delun V.

2. Attali sive Attalicis luterbacher : adticis V: Asiaticis Harant : adventiciis Madvig .

3. Loryma Fr : loriam V.

4. A.U.C. 586

5. quaeque Madvig : q. V.

6. civitate ei Harant : civitates V.

7. coniectarent. C. Decimi moderatior oratio fuit, qui Fr : coniectarentur cum Decimi moderatio fuitque V.

8. sana mens Weissenborn : tamen V.

9. A.U.C. 586

10. tam doering :tamentam V.

11. Capitis Fr : faciliscapitis C.

12. excesserant Madvig : excesserunt V.

13. adventum bas : adventu V.

14. iis Wesenberg : hi V.

15. facto Rhodii exercebant vahlen : facti Rhodii exercebantur V.

16. perseverantiam in exsequenda re tam Decimi lenitas quam Popili effecerat asperitas H. J. Müller: perseverabant tam in exsequenda re tam Decimae lenitas quam V.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 45.10

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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