Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 30.4

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[1]

cum legatis quos mitteret ad Syphacem calonum loco primos primes ordines spectatae virtutis atque prudentiae servili habitu mittebat,

[2] qui, dum in conloquio legati essent, vagi per castra alius alia aditus exitusque omnes, situm formamque et universorum castrorum et partium, qua Poeni, qua Numidae haberent, ¹ quantum intervalli inter Hasdrubalis ac regia castra esset,

[3] specularentur moremque simul noscerent stationum vigiliarumque, nocte an interdiu opportuniores insidianti ² essent; et inter crebra conloquia alii atque alii de industria, quo pluribus omnia nota essent, mittebantur.

[4] cum saepius agitata res certiorem spem pacis in dies et Syphaci et Carthaginiensibus per eum faceret, legati Romani vetitos se reverti ad imperatorem aiunt, nisi certum responsum detur:

[5] proinde, seu ipsi staret iam sententia, ³ . . . ⁴ seu consulendus Hasdrubal et Carthaginienses essent, consuleret; tempus esse aut pacem componi aut bellum naviter geri.

[6] dum consulitur Hasdrubal ab Syphace, ab ⁵ Hasdrubale Carthaginienses, et speculatores omnia visendi et Scipio ad conparanda ea ⁶ quae in rem erant tempus habuit.

[7] et ex mentione ac spe pacis neglegentia, ut fit, apud Poenos Numidamque ⁷ orta cavendi ne quid hostile interim paterentur.

[8] tandem relatum responsum, quibusdam, quia nimis cupere Romanus pacem videbatur, iniquis per occasionem adiectis, quae peropportune cupienti tollere indutias Scipioni causam praebuere.

[9] ac nuntio regis, cum relaturum se ad consilium dixisset, postero die respondit se uno frustra tendente nulli alii pacem placuisse; renuntiaret igitur nullam aliam spem pacis quam ⁸ relictis Carthaginiensibus Syphaci cum Romanis esse.

[10] ita tollit indutias, ut libera fide incepta exsequeretur; deductisque navibus—et iam veris principium erat— machinas tormentaque, velut a mari adgressurus Uticam,

[11] imponit, et duo milia militum ad capiendum quem antea tenuerat tumulum super Uticam mittit, simul ut ab eo quod parabat in alterius rei curam ⁹ converteret hostium animos,

[12] simul ne qua, cum ipse ad Syphacem Hasdrubalemque profectus esset, eruptio ex urbe et impetus in castra sua relicta cum levi praesidio fieret.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

Ab urbe condita (Latin) (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).)

Editions (2)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 30.4 focus

[1] cum legatis, quos mitteret ad Syphacem, calonum loco primos ordines spectatae virtutis atque prudentiae servili habitu mittebat,

[2] qui, dum in conloquio legati essent, vagi per castra, alius alia aditus exitusque omnes, situm formamque et universorum castrorum et partium, qua Poeni, qua Numidae haberent, quantum intervalli inter Hasdrubalis ac regia castra esset,

[3] specularentur moremque simul noscerent stationum vigiliarumque, nocte an interdiu opportuniores insidiantibus essent; et inter crebra conloquia alii atque alii de industria, quo pluribus omnia nota essent, mittebantur.

[4] cum saepius agitata res certiorem spem pacis in dies et Syphaci et Carthaginiensibus per eum faceret, legati Romani vetitos se reverti ad imperatorem aiunt, nisi certum responsum detur:

[5] proinde, seu ipsi staret iam sententia, promeret, seu consulendus Hasdrubal et Carthaginienses essent, consuleret; tempus esse aut pacem componi aut bellum naviter geri.

[6] dum consulitur Hasdrubal ab Syphace, ab Hasdrubale Carthaginienses, et speculatores omnia visendi et Scipio ad conparanda ea, quae in rem erant, tempus habuit.

[7] et ex mentione ac spe pacis neglegentia, ut fit, apud Poenos Numidamque orta cavendi, ne quid hostile interim paterentur.

[8] tandem relatum responsum quibusdam, quia nimis cupere Romanus pacem videbatur, iniquis per occasionem adiectis; quae peropportune cupienti tollere indutias Scipioni causam praebuere.

[9] ac nuntio regis, cum relaturum se ad consilium dixisset, postero die respondit se uno frustra tendente nulli alii pacem placuisse; renuntiaret igitur nullam aliam spem pacis quam relictis Carthaginiensibus Syphaci cum Romanis esse.

[10] ita tollit indutias, ut libera fide incepta exsequeretur; deductisque navibus — et iam veris principium erat — machinas tormentaque, velut a mari adgressurus Uticam, imponit,

[11] et duo milia militum ad capiendum quem antea tenuerat tunulum tumulum super Uticam mittit, simul ut ab eo, quod parabat,

[12] in alterius rei curam converteret hostium animos, simul ne qua, cum ipse ad Syphacem Hasdrubalemque profectus esset, eruptio ex urbe et impetus in castra sua relicta cum levi praesidio fieret.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Conway, Robert Seymour; Walters, Charles Flamstead; Johnson, Stephen Keymer, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1914-1935. (Oxford Classical Texts)) — 30.4 focus

[1]

cum legatis quos mitteret ad Syphacem calonum loco primos ordines spectatae uirtutis atque prudentiae seruili habitu mittebat,

[2] qui dum in conloquio legati essent uagi per castra alius alia aditus exitusque omnes, situm formamque et uniuersorum castrorum et partium, qua Poeni qua Numidae haberent, quantum interualli inter Hasdrubalis ac regia castra esset, specularentur moremque simul noscerent stationum uigiliarumque, nocte an interdiu opportuniores insidianti essent;

[3] et inter crebra conloquia alii atque alii de industria quo pluribus omnia nota essent mittebantur.

[4] cum saepius agitata res certiorem spem pacis in dies et Syphaci et Carthaginiensibus per eum faceret, legati Romani uetitos se reuerti ad imperatorem aiunt nisi certum responsum detur:

[5] proinde, seu ipsi staret iam sententia, , seu consulendus Hasdrubal et Carthaginienses essent, consuleret; tempus esse aut pacem componi aut bellum nauiter geri.

[6] dum consulitur Hasdrubal ab Syphace, ab Hasdrubale Carthaginienses, et speculatores omnia uisendi et Scipio ad comparanda ea quae in rem erant tempus habuit;

[7] et ex mentione ac spe pacis neglegentia, ut fit, apud Poenos Numidamque orta cauendi ne quid hostile interim paterentur.

[8] tandem relatum responsum, quibusdam, quia nimis cupere Romanus pacem uidebatur, iniquis per occasionem adiectis, quae peropportune cupienti tollere indutias Scipioni causam praebuere;

[9] ac nuntio regis cum relaturum se ad consilium dixisset, postero die respondit se uno frustra tendente nulli alii pacem placuisse; renuntiaret igitur nullam aliam spem pacis quam relictis Carthaginiensibus Syphaci cum Romanis esse.

[10] ita tollit indutias ut libera fide incepta exsequeretur; deductisque nauibus—et iam ueris principium erat—machinas tormentaque, uelut a mari adgressurus Uticam,

[11] imponit, et duo milia militum ad capiendum quem antea tenuerat tumulum super Uticam mittit, simul ut ab eo quod parabat in alterius rei curam conuerteret hostium animos,

[12] simul ne qua, cum ipse ad Syphacem Hasdrubalemque profectus esset, eruptio ex urbe et impetus in castra sua relicta cum leui praesidio fieret.

Translations (3)

History of Rome Perseus (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library)) — 30.4 focus

[1]

With the legates whom he kept sending to Syphax he would send some first centurions of attested courage and discretion as servants and garbed as slaves, that while the legates were in

[2] conference they might roam about the camp in different directions and take note of all entrances and exits, the situation and plan both of the camp as a whole and of its divisions, where the Carthaginians and where the Numidians had their quarters. They were to discover what was the distance between Hasdrubal's camp and that of the king, also to learn their practice as regards outposts and sentries, whether they were more exposed to an unexpected attack by night or by day.

[3] And in the course of numerous conferences other men and again others were purposely sent, that a larger number might acquaint themselves with everything.

[4] When repeated discussions were giving Syphax, and through him the Carthaginians, a daily surer hope of peace, the Roman legates announced that they were forbidden to return to their general unless a definite answer was made to them.

[5] Therefore, if his own ¹ decision was already made, ; if on the other hand Hasdrubal and the Carthaginians had to be conferred with, let him confer with them. It was time, they said, either to agree upon peace or to wage war in earnest.

[6] While Hasdrubal was being conferred with by Syphax, and the Carthaginians by Hasdrubal, the spies had time to observe everything, as had Scipio to get together whatever was needful.

[7] And out of the talk of peace and the hope of it, as usually happens, there sprang a neglect on the part of the Carthaginians and the Numidian to guard against any attack which might be made upon them in the meantime.

[8] At last the answer was returned, including certain unreasonable terms adroitly added just because the Roman seemed extremely desirous of peace. These furnished Scipio, who was eager to denounce the truce, a very timely pretext.

[9] And after stating to the king's messenger that he would lay the matter before his council, on the next day he reported that, while he alone strove in vain to bring about peace, no one else had favoured it. ² The messenger therefore, he said, should report that Syphax had no other hope of peace with the Romans except by abandoning the Carthaginians.

[10] His purpose in denouncing the truce was that, being no longer bound by promises, he might carry out his undertaking.. And launching his ships —it was now the beginning of spring —he mounted engines of war and artillery upon them, as though intending to attack Utica from the sea.

[11] He also sent two thousand soldiers to seize the hill he had. previously held, ³ looking down upon Utica, both in order to divert the attention of the enemy from his ⁴ real purpose to anxiety about a

[12] different attack, and at the same time that, when he should himself set out to meet Syphax and Hasdrubal, there should be no sally from the city and no attack upon his camp when left with only a small garrison.

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 30.4 focus

[1]

In company with the ambassadors whom he sent to Syphax, he also sent some centurions of the first rank, of tried valour and prudence, dressed as servants, in lieu of soldiers' drudges;

[2] in order that, while the ambassadors were engaged in conference, they might ramble through the camp, one in one direction and another in another, and thus observe all the approaches and outlets, the situation and form both of the camp in general and of its parts; where the Carthaginians lay, where the Numidians, and what was the distance between the camp of Hasdrubal and that of the king;

[3] and that they might at the same time acquaint themselves with their customary mode of stationing outposts and watches, and learn whether they were more open to stratagem by night or by day. During the frequent conferences which were held, several different persons were purposely sent, in order that every circumstance might be known to a greater number.

[4] When the more frequent agitation of the matter had given to Syphax a daily increasing hope of peace, and to the Carthaginians through him, the Roman ambassadors at length declared that they were forbidden to return to their

[5] general unless a decisive answer was given, and that, therefore, if his own determination was now fixed, he should declare it, or if Hasdrubal and the Carthaginians were to be consulted, he should consult them. That it was time either that an accommodation should be settled or the war vigorously prosecuted.

[6] While Hasdrubal was consulted by Syphax, and the Carthaginians by Hasdrubal, the spies had time to inspect every thing, and Scipio to get together what was necessary for the accomplishment of his project.

[7] In consequence of the mention and prospect of a peace, neglect arose among the Carthaginians and Numidians, as is usually the case, to take precautions in the mean time that they might not suffer an attack of the enemy.

[8] At length an answer was returned; and as the Romans appeared excessively eager for peace, advantage was taken of that circumstance to add certain unreasonable conditions, which afforded Scipio a very seasonable pretext for putting an end to the truce according to his wishes; and telling the king's messenger that he would refer the matter to his council, he answered him the next day.

[9] He said, that while he alone had in vain endeavoured to restore peace, no one else had desired it. That he must, therefore, carry word back that Syphax must hope for peace on no other condition than his abandonment of the Carthaginians.

[10] Thus he put an end to the truce, in order that he might be free to execute his designs without breaking his faith; and, launching his ships, for it was now the beginning of spring, he put on board machines and engines, with the purpose of assaulting Utica from the sea.

[11] He also sent two thousand men to seize the eminence which commanded that place, and which he had before occupied, at once with the view of turning the attention of the enemy from the design he was endeavouring

[12] to effect to another object of concern, and to prevent any sally or attack which might be made from the city upon his camp, which would be left with a slight force to protect it, while he himself went against Syphax and Hasdrubal.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 30.4 focus

[1]

The envoys who were sent to Syphax were accompanied by some first-rank centurions, men of tried courage and sagacity, who were disguised as camp-servants.

[2] Whilst the envoys were in conference these men strolled about the camp noting all the adits and exits, the general arrangement of the camp, the positions of the Carthaginians and Numidians, respectively, and the distance between Hasdrubal's camp and that of Syphax. They also watched the methods adopted in posting the watches and guards, to see whether a surprise attack would be better made by night or by day.

[3] The conferences were pretty frequent, and different men were purposely sent each time in order that these details might become known to a larger number.

[4] As the discussions went on with increasing frequency, Syphax, and through him the Carthaginians, fully expected that peace would be attained with a few days. Suddenly the Roman envoys announced that they had been forbidden to return to headquarters unless a definite reply were given.

[5] Syphax must either say what he had made up his mind to do or, if it was necessary for him to consult Hasdrubal and the Carthaginians, he should do so; the time had come for either a peace settlement or an energetic resumption of hostilities.

[6] Whilst Syphax was consulting Hasdrubal and the Carthaginians, the Roman spies had time to visit every part of the camp, and Scipio was able to make all his arrangements.

[7] The prospect of peace had, as usually happens, made Syphax and the Carthaginians less on the alert to guard against any hostile attempt which might be made in the meantime. At last a reply came, but as the Romans were supposed to be anxious for peace, the opportunity was taken of adding some unacceptable conditions.

[8] This was just what Scipio wanted to justify him in breaking off the armistice.

[9] He told the king's messenger that he would refer the matter to his council, and the next day he gave his reply to the effect that not a single member of the council beside himself was in favour of peace. The messenger was to take word that the only hope of peace for Syphax lay in his abandoning the cause of the Carthaginians.

[10] Thus Scipio put an end to the truce in order that he might be free to carry out his plans without any breach of faith.

[11] He launched his ships-it was now the commencement of spring-and placed his engines and artillery on board as though he were going to attack Utica from the sea. He also sent 2000 men to hold the hill commanding the city which he had previously occupied, partly with a view of diverting

[12] the enemy's attention from his real design, and partly to prevent his camp from being attacked from the city, as it would be left with only a weak guard while he was marching against Syphax and Hasdrubal.

Notes on the current edition

Ab urbe condita

1. haberent P (1) NHVJK Eds. : tenderent Gronovius , H. J. Müller.

2. insidianti P (1) N (-ati D ) most Eds., Conway: -antibus N3 HVJK Aldus, Froben, Luchs.

3. A.U.C. 551

4. The lacuna may be filled by promeret sententiam ( Johnson , prob. one line of P's archetype ); by eam romeret, or promeret alone ( Madvig ); by pronuntiaret ( St öcker, 1833) or expromeret ( Riemann ), a verb being required to balance consuleret.

5. Hasdrubal ab ( or a) Syphace, ab A3 HVJK Eds.: om. P (1) N, a line.

6. ea om. Sp HVJK Froben 2.

7. Numidamque PCM 2: -umquae RMBD: -asque ANHVJK Aldus, Froben.

8. pacis quam A3 N3 HVJK: om. P (1) N.

9. A.U.C. 551

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 30.4

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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