Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 29.17

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[1]

senatu dato maximus natu ex iis: " scio , quanti aestimentur nostrae apud vos querellae, patres conscripti, plurimum in eo momenti esse si probe sciatis et quo modo proditi Locri Hannibali sint et quo modo pulso Hannibalis praesidio restituti in dicionem vestram;

[2] quippe si et culpa defectionis procul a publico consilio absit, et reditum in vestram dicionem appareat non voluntate solum, sed ope etiam ac virtute nostra, magis indignemini bonis ac fidelibus sociis tam indignas ¹ iniurias ab legato vestro militibusque fieri.

[3] Sed ego causam utriusque defectionis nostrae in aliud tempus differendam arbitror esse duarum rerum gratia;

[4] unius ut coram P. Scipione, qui Locros recepit et ² omnium nobis recte perperamque factorum est testis, agatur; ³ alterius quod, ⁴ qualescumque sumus, tamen haec quae passi sumus ⁵ pati non debuimus.

[5] non possumus dissimulare, patres conscripti, nos, cum praesidium Punicum in arce nostra haberemus, multa foeda et indigna et a praefecto praesidii Hamilcare et ab Numidis Afrisque passos esse; sed quid illa sunt, conlata cum iis quae hodie patimur?

[6] cum bona venia, quaeso, audiatis, patres conscripti, id quod invitus eloquar. ⁶ In discrimine est nunc humanum omne genus, utrum vos an Carthaginienses principes orbis ⁷ terrarum videat.

[7] si ex iis quae Locrenses aut ab illis passi sumus aut a vestro praesidio nunc cum maxime patimur aestimandum Romanum ac Punicum imperium sit, nemo non illos sibi quam vos dominos praeoptet.

[8] et tamen videte quem ad modum in vos Locrenses animati sint. cum a Carthaginiensibus iniurias tanto ⁸ minores acciperemus, ad vestrum imperatorem confugimus; cum a vestro praesidio plus quam hostilia patiamur, nusquam alio quam ad vos querellas detulimus.

[9] aut vos respicietis perditas res nostras, patres conscripti, aut ne ab diis quidem immortalibus quod precemur quicquam superest.

[10] Q. Pleminius legatus missus est cum praesidio ad recipiendos a Carthaginiensibus Locros et cum eodem ibi relictus est praesidio.

[11] In hoc legato vestro— dant enim animum ad loquendum libere ultimae miseriae—nec hominis quicquam est, patres ⁹ conscripti, praeter figuram et speciem neque Romani civis praeter habitum vestitumque ¹⁰ et sonum Latinae linguae:

[12] pestis ac belua inmanis, quales fretum quondam quo ab Sicilia dividimur ad perniciem navigantium circumsedisse fabulae ferunt.

[13] ac si scelus libidinemque et avaritiam solus ipse exercere in socios vestros satis haberet, unam profundam quidem voraginem tamen patientia nostra expleremus;

[14] nunc omnes centuriones militesque vestros—adeo in promiscuo licentiam atque improbitatem esse voluit—Pleminios fecit;

[15] omnes rapiunt, spoliant, verberant, volnerant, occidunt; constuprant matronas, virgines, ingenuos raptos ex complexu conplexu parentium. cotidie capitur urbs nostra, cotidie diripitur;

[16] dies noctesque omnia passim mulierum puerorumque qui rapiuntur atque asportantur ploratibus sonant.

[17] miretur qui sciat, ¹¹ quo modo aut nos ad patiendum sufficiamus, aut illos qui faciunt nondum tantarum iniuriarum satietas ceperit. neque ego exsequi possum nec vobis operae est audire singula ¹² quae passi sumus;

[18] communiter omnia amplectar. nego domum ullam Locris, nego quemquam hominem expertem iniuriae esse; nego ullum genus sceleris, lubidinis, avaritiae superesse quod in ullo qui pati potuerit praetermissum sit.

[19] vix ratio iniri potest uter casus civitati ¹³ sit detestabilior, cum hostes bello ¹⁴ urbem cepere, an cum exitiabilis tyrannus vi atque armis oppressit.

[20] omnia quae captae urbes patiuntur passi sumus et cum maxime patimur, patres conscripti; omnia quae crudelissimi atque inportunissimi tyranni scelera in oppressos cives edunt Pleminius in nos liberosque nostros et coniuges edidit.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

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Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

Ab urbe condita (Latin) (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).)

Editions (2)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 29.17 focus

[1] senatu dato maximus natu ex iis: “scio, quanti aestimentur nostrae apud vos querellae, patres conscripti, plurimum in eo momenti esse, si probe sciatis, et quo modo proditi Locri Hannibali sint et quo modo pulso Hannibalis praesidio restituti in dicionem vestram;

[3] sed ego causam utriusque defectionis nostrae in aliud tempus differendam arbitror esse duarum rerum gratia,

[4] unius, ut coram P. Scipione, qui Locros recepit et omnium nobis recte perperamque factorum est testis, agatur; alterius, quod, qualescumque sumus, tamen ea, quae passi sumus, pati non debuimus.

[6] cum bona venia, quaeso, audiatis, patres conscripti, id, quod invitus dicam. in discrimine est nunc humanum omne genus, utrum vos an Carthaginienses principes orbis terraram terrarum videat.

[7] si ex iis, quae Locrenses aut ab illis passi sumus aut a vestro praesidio nunc cum maxime patimur, aestimandum Romanum ac Punicum imperium sit, nemo non illos sibi quam vos dominos praeoptet.

[8] et tamen videte quem ad modum in vos Locrenses animati sint. cum a Carthaginiensibus iniurias tanto minores acciperemus, ad vestrum imperatorem confugimus; cum a vestro praesidio plus quam hostilia patiamur, nusquam alio quam ad vos querellas detulimus.

[9] aut vos respicietis perditas res nostras, patres conscripti, aut ne ab diis quidem immortalibus, quod precemur, quicquam superest.

[10] Q. Pleminius legatus missus est cum praesidio ad recipiendos a Carthaginiensibus Locros et cum eodem ibi relictus est praesidio.

[11] in hoc legato vestro — dant enim animum ad loquendum libere ultimae miseriae — nec hominis quicquam est, patres conscripti, praeter figuram et speciem neque Romani civis praeter habitum vestitumque et sonum Latinae linguae:

[12] pestis ac belua inmanis, quales fretum quondam, quo ab Sicilia dividimur, ad perniciem navigantium circumsedisse fabulae ferunt. ac si scelus libidinemque

[13] et avaritiam solus ipse exercere in socios vestros satis haberet, unam profundam quidem voraginem tamen patientia nostra expleremus; nunc omnes centuriones militesque vestros —

[14] adeo in promiscuo licentiam atque improbitatem esse voluit — Pleminios fecit;

[15] omnes rapiunt, spoliant, verberant, vulnerant, occidunt, constuprant matronas, virgines, ingenuos raptos ex conplexu complexu parentium;

[16] cotidie capitur urbs nostra, cotidie diripitur; dies noctesque omnia passim mulierum puerorumque, qui rapiuntur atque asportantur, ploratibus sonant.

[17] miretur, qui sciat, quo modo aut nos ad patiendum sufficiamus, aut illos, qui faciunt, nondum tantarum iniuriarum satietas ceperit. neque ego exsequi possum nec vobis operae est audire, singuli quae passi sumus; communiter omnia amplectar.

[18] nego domum ullam Locris, nego quemquam hominem expertem iniuriae esse, nego ullum genus sceleris, lubidinis, avaritiae superesse, quod in ullo, qui pati potuerit, praetermissum sit.

[19] vix ratio iniri potest, uter casus civitati sit detestabilior, cum hostes bello urbem cepere, an cum exitiabilis tyrannus vi atque armis oppressit.

[20] omnia, quae captae urbes patiuntur, passi sumus et cum maxime patimur, patres conscripti; omnia, quae crudelissimi atque inportunissimi tyranni scelera in oppressos cives edunt, Pleminius in nos liberosque nostros et coniuges edidit.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Conway, Robert Seymour; Walters, Charles Flamstead; Johnson, Stephen Keymer, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1914-1935. (Oxford Classical Texts)) — 29.17 focus

[1]

senatu dato, maximus natu ex iis: 'scio, quanti aestimentur nostrae apud uos querellae, patres conscripti, plurimum in eo momenti esse si probe sciatis et quomodo proditi Locri Hannibali sint et quomodo pulso Hannibalis praesidio restituti in dicionem uestram;

[2] quippe si et culpa defectionis procul a publico consilio absit, et reditum in uestram dicionem appareat non uoluntate solum sed ope etiam ac uirtute nostra, magis indignemini bonis ac fidelibus sociis tam indignas tam atroces iniurias ab legato uestro militibusque fieri.

[3] sed ego causam utriusque defectionis nostrae in aliud tempus differendam arbitror esse duarum rerum gratia;

[4] unius ut coram P. Scipione , qui Locros recepit omnium nobis recte perperamque factorum est testis, agatur; alterius quod qualescumque sumus tamen haec quae passi sumus pati non debuimus.

[5] non possumus dissimulare, patres conscripti, nos cum praesidium Punicum in arce nostra haberemus, multa foeda et indigna et a praefecto praesidii Hamilcare et ab Numidis Afrisque passos esse; sed quid illa sunt, conlata cum iis quae hodie patimur?

[6] cum bona uenia, quaeso, audiatis, patres conscripti, id quod inuitus eloquar. in discrimine est nunc humanum omne genus, utrum uos an Carthaginienses principes orbis terrarum uideat.

[7] si ex iis quae Locrenses aut ab illis passi sumus aut a uestro praesidio nunc cum maxime patimur aestimandum Romanum ac Punicum imperium sit, nemo non illos sibi quam uos dominos praeoptet.

[8] et tamen uidete quemadmodum in uos Locrenses animati sint. cum a Carthaginiensibus iniurias tanto minores acciperemus, ad uestrum imperatorem confugimus: cum a uestro praesidio plus quam hostilia patiamur, nusquam alio quam ad uos querellas detulimus.

[9] aut uos respicietis perditas res nostras, patres conscripti, aut ne ab dis quidem immortalibus quod precemur quicquam superest.

[10] ' Q. Pleminius legatus missus est cum praesidio ad recipiendos a Carthaginiensibus Locros et cum eodem ibi relictus est praesidio.

[11] in hoc legato uestro—dant enim animum ad loquendum libere ultimae miseriae—nec hominis quicquam est, patres conscripti, praeter figuram et speciem neque Romani ciuis praeter habitum uestitumque et sonum Latinae linguae;

[12] pestis ac belua immanis, quales fretum quondam quo ab Sicilia diuidimur ad perniciem nauigantium circumsedisse fabulae ferunt.

[13] ac si scelus libidinemque et auaritiam solus ipse exercere in socios uestros satis haberet, unam profundam quidem uoraginem tamen patientia nostra expleremus:

[14] nunc omnes centuriones militesque uestros—adeo in promiscuo licentiam atque improbitatem

[15] esse uoluit—Pleminios fecit; omnes rapiunt, spoliant, uerberant, uolnerant, occidunt; constuprant matronas, uirgines, ingenuos raptos ex complexu parentium.

[16] cottidie capitur urbs nostra, cottidie diripitur; dies noctesque omnia passim mulierum puerorumque qui rapiuntur atque asportantur ploratibus sonant.

[17] miretur qui sciat, quomodo aut nos ad patiendum sufficiamus aut illos qui faciunt nondum tantarum iniuriarum satietas ceperit. neque ego exsequi possum nec uobis operae est audire singula quae passi sumus: communiter omnia amplectar.

[18] nego domum ullam Locris, nego quemquam hominem expertem iniuriae esse; nego ullum genus sceleris, libidinis, auaritiae superesse quod in ullo qui pati potuerit praetermissum sit.

[19] uix ratio iniri potest uter casus ciuitati sit detestabilior, cum hostes bello urbem cepere an cum exitiabilis tyrannus ui atque armis oppressit.

[20] omnia quae captae urbes patiuntur passi sumus et cum maxime patimur, patres conscripti; omnia quae crudelissimi atque importunissimi tyranni scelera in oppressos ciues edunt Pleminius in nos liberosque nostros et coniuges edidit.

Translations (3)

History of Rome Perseus (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library)) — 29.17 focus

[1]

A hearing in the senate being granted, the eldest of them said: "I know, conscript fathers, that in determining what weight is to be given to our complaints in your presence very much depends upon your being well informed both as to how Locri was betrayed to Hannibal, and how by driving out Hannibal's garrison it was restored to your authority.

[2] For if it prove that no guilt for the revolt attaches to our council of state, and if it be at the same time evident that we returned to your authority not by our consent only but also by our effort and our courage, you will be all the more indignant that good and faithful allies are receiving such outrageous treatment from your legatus and his soldiers.

[3] But in my opinion enquiry into our revolts should be put off in both cases to another time for two reasons.

[4] The first is in order that the hearing may be in the presence of Publius Scipio, who recovered Locri and is our witness for every act, the good and the bad. ¹ The second reason is because, whatever our character is, we nevertheless did not deserve to suffer these things that we have suffered.

[5] We cannot conceal the truth, conscript fathers, that when we had a Punic garrison in our citadel we suffered many shameful outrages both at the hands of Hamilcar, commandant of the garrison, and from the Numidians and Africans. But what are they in comparison with the things we are suffering today?

[6] With kind indulgence, conscript fathers, give ear, I pray, to what I shall reluctantly say. The entire human race is now in suspense as to whether it is to see you, or the Carthaginians, lords of the whole world.

[7] If one must judge Roman and Carthaginian rule from what we Locrians either have suffered from them, or are at this very moment suffering from your garrison, no one would fail to prefer them rather than you as his masters. And yet observe how the Locrians are disposed towards you.

[8] Although from the Carthaginians we were suffering wrongs so much less serious, we sought refuge with your general. Although from your garrison we are suffering acts worse than those of an enemy, we have brought our complaints nowhere else than to you.

[9] Either you will have regard for our ruin, conscript fathers, or else no help remains for us to pray for even from the immortal gods.

[10] "Quintus Pleminius was sent as legatus with a military force to recover Locri from the Carthaginians, and with that same force he was left there. In this legatus of yours —for the depths of misery embolden me to speak freely —there

[11] is nothing of a ² human being, conscript fathers, except his form and outward appearance, nothing of a Roman citizen except his bearing and garments and the sound of the Latin language.

[12] He is a pest-bringing monster, like those of which myths say that, in order to destroy mariners, they once had their abode on this side and that of the strait by which we are separated from Sicily.

[13] And if he were content to be the only man to practise his criminal passion and greed upon your allies, we in our long-suffering should still be filling up a single whirlpool however deep.

[14] As it is, he has made every centurion and every soldier of yours a Pleminius; so universal has he wished licence and dishonour to be.

[15] They all rob, plunder, beat, wound, slay. They defile matrons, maidens and free-born boys, dragged from the embrace of parents. Every day our city is captured, every day it is plundered.

[16] Day and night every part of it re-echoes the wailing of women and children who are being seized and carried off.

[17] Knowing that, any one would wonder either how we have the patience to endure, or how those who commit such outrages are not yet sated with them. Neither can I retail them all, nor is it worth your while to hear each thing that we have suffered. In a general statement I shall embrace everything. ³

[18] I tell you there is not a house at Locri, not a man that has not suffered a wrong. I tell you there remains no kind of crime, lust, avarice that has been overlooked in the case of any possible victim.

[19] It is all but impossible to decide which of the two is the more revolting lot for a state ⁴ —when the enemy have captured the city in war, or when a death-dealing tyrant has overpowered it by force of arms.

[20] All things that captured cities suffer we have suffered and at this very moment are suffering, conscript fathers. All the crimes that the most cruel and despotic tyrants inflict upon their helpless citizens Pleminius has inflicted upon us and our children and our wives.

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 29.17 focus

[1]

An audience having been granted, the eldest of them thus spoke: "I know, conscript fathers, that the importance you will attach to the complaints we make before you must depend, in a very great degree, upon your accurately knowing the manner in which Locri was betrayed to Hannibal, and placed again under your dominion after the expulsion of his garrison.

[2] Inasmuch as if the guilt of defection does not rest upon the public, and it is made apparent that our restoration to your dominion was effected, not only in concurrence with our wishes, but by our own co-operation and valour, you will be the more indignant that such atrocious and shameful injuries should have been inflicted upon good and faithful allies by your lieutenant-general and soldiers.

[3] But I think it proper that the subject of our changing sides, in both instances, should be deferred to another time, on two accounts:

[4] first, that it may be discussed in the presence of Publius Scipio, who retook Locri, and who witnessed all our acts, both good and bad; and secondly, because, whatever we are, we ought not to have suffered what we have.

[5] We cannot conceal, conscript fathers, that when we had a Carthaginian garrison in our citadel we were exposed to many sufferings, of a shocking and shameful kind, from Hamilcar, the captain of the garrison, and the Numidians and Africans. But what are they compared with what we endure this day? I request, conscript fathers, that you will hear without offence what I am reluctant to mention.

[6] All mankind are now in a state of anxious suspense, whether they are to see you or the Carthaginians lords of the world. If an estimate is to be formed of the Roman and Carthaginian governments from what we Locrians have suffered from the Carthaginians on the one hand, or on the other, from what we are suffering, at the present time especially, from your garrison;

[7] there is no one who would not wish the Carthaginians to be his masters rather than the Romans. And yet observe what are the feelings which the Locrians have entertained towards you.

[8] When we were suffering injuries of much less magnitude from the Carthaginians, we fled for protection to your general; now we are suffering more than hostile indignities from your garrison, we have carried our complaints to no others than yourselves. Conscript fathers! either you will consider our forlorn condition, or there is no other resource left us for which we can even pray to the immortal gods.

[9] Quintus Pleminius, the lieutenant-general, was sent with a body of troops to recover Locri from the Carthaginians, and was left there in command of the same as a garrison.

[10] In this your lieutenant-general there is neither any thing of a man, conscript fathers, but the figure and

[11] outward appearance, (for the extremity of our misery prompts me to speak freely,) nor of a Roman citizen, but the attire and dress, and the sound of the Latin language. He is a pest and savage monster, such as are fabled to have beset the strait by which we are separated from Sicily, for the destruction of mariners.

[12] And yet if he had been content to be the only person to vent his villany, his

[13] lust, and rapacity upon your allies, that one gulf, deep as it was, we would however have filled up by our patience.

[14] But the case is, he has made every one of your centurions and soldiers a Pleminius, so indiscriminately has he willed that licentiousness and wickedness should be practised.

[15] All plunder, spoil, beat, wound, and slay; all defile matrons, virgins, and free-born youths torn from the embraces of their parents. Our city is captured daily, plundered daily.

[16] Day and night, every place indiscriminately rings with the lamentations of women and children, seized and carried away. Any one, acquainted with our sufferings, might be astonished how it is that we are capable of bearing them, or that the authors of them are not yet satiated with inflicting such enormous cruelties.

[17] Neither am I able to go through with them, nor is it worth your while to listen to the particulars of our sufferings. I will embrace them all in a general description.

[18] I declare that there is not a house or a man at Locri exempt from injury. I say that there cannot be found any species of villany, lust, or rapacity which has not been exercised on every one capable of being the object of them.

[19] It would be difficult to determine in which case the city was visited with the more horrible calamity, whether when it was captured by an enemy, or when a sanguinary tyrant crushed it by violence and arms.

[20] Every evil, conscript fathers, which captured cities suffer, we have suffered, and do now as much as ever suffer. All the enormities which the most cruel and savage tyrants are wont to perpetrate upon their oppressed subjects, Pleminius has perpetrated upon ourselves, our children, and our wives.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 29.17 focus

[1]

An audience was granted them, and the senior delegate addressed the senate in the following terms: "Whatever importance, senators, you attach to our complaints must, I am well aware, depend very largely upon your knowing accurately the circumstances under which Locri was betrayed to Hannibal, and after the expulsion of his garrison was again brought under your suzerainty.

[2] For if our senate and people were in no way responsible for the defection, and it can be shown that our return to your obedience was brought about not only with our full consent, but even by our own efforts and courage, then you will feel all the more indignation at such shameful outrages having been inflicted by your officer and soldiers upon good and faithful allies.

[3] I think, however, that we ought to put off for another time any explanation of our double change of sides, for two reasons.

[4] One is that the matter ought to be discussed when P. Scipio is present, as he recaptured Locri and was an eyewitness of all our acts, both good and bad, and another reason is that, however bad we may be, we ought not to have suffered as we have done.

[5] We do not deny, senators, that when we had the Carthaginian garrison in our citadel we had to submit to many acts of insolence and cruelty at the hands of Hamilcar and his Numidians and Africans, but what were they compared with what we are going through today?

[6] I pray, senators, that you will not take offence at what I am most reluctantly compelled to say. The whole world is waiting in feverish expectation to see whether you or the Carthaginians are to be the lords of the earth.

[7] If the choice between Roman and Punic supremacy depended upon the way in which the Carthaginians have treated us Locrians as compared with what we are suffering today from your soldiers, there is not one of us who would not prefer their rule to yours.

[8] And yet in spite of all this, see what our feeling towards you has been. When we were suffering comparatively slight injuries from the Carthaginians we betook ourselves to your commander; now that we are suffering from your troops injuries worse than any enemy would inflict it is before you and no one else that we lay our complaint.

[9] If you, senators, do not show any regard for our misery, there is nothing left which we can pray for, even to the immortal gods themselves."

[10] Q. Pleminius was sent with a body of troops to recover Locri from the Carthaginians and was left with his troops in the city.

[11] In this officer of yours-the extremity of misery gives me courage to speak freely-there is nothing human except his face and appearance, there is no trace of the Roman save in his garb and speech;

[12] he is a wild beast, a monster such as were fabled to haunt the waters which divide us from Sicily, to the destruction of navigators.

[13] If he were content with wreaking his own villainy and lust and rapacity upon your allies, we might fill up this one gulf, deep as it is, by patient endurance, but as it is, he has been so

[14] eager to spread licentiousness and wickedness indiscriminately that he has made every centurion and every private soldier into a Pleminius.

[15] They all alike rob, plunder, beat, wound, kill, outrage matrons, maidens and boys torn from their parent's arms.

[16] Each day witnesses a fresh storm, a fresh sack of our city; everywhere, day and night, it is echoing with the shrieks of women who are being seized and carried off.

[17] Any one who knows what is going on might wonder how we are able to endure it all, or why they have not become weary of their crimes. I cannot go into details, nor is it worth your while to hear what each of us has suffered; I will give you a general description.

[18] There is not a single house in Locri, I venture to assert, not a single individual who has escaped ill-treatment; there is no form of villainy or lust or rapacity which has not been practiced upon everyone who was a suitable victim.

[19] It is difficult to decide which is the worst misfortune for a city, to be captured by an enemy in war, or to be crushed by force and violence by a sanguinary tyrant.

[20] All the horrors which attend the capture of a city we have suffered and are suffering to the utmost; all the tortures which ruthless and cruel tyrants inflict on their down-trodden subjects Pleminius has inflicted on us, our children and our wives."

Notes on the current edition

Ab urbe condita

1. tam indignas P (1) N: tam atroces Sp ?A3 ( altern. ) N3 ( altern. ) HJK: tam indignas tam atroces Johnson , Conway.

2. et Alschefski : om. P (1) NSpH: quique A3 JK Aldus,Froben.

3. est testis, agatur A3 N3 , ( altern. ) HJK Aldus, Froben: est testigatur P (1) N: teste agatur Rhenanus ( om. et above ).

4. A.U.C. 550

5. tamen haec quae passi sumus A3 N3 ( marg. ) HJK Aldus,Froben: om. P (1) N.

6. eloquar N3 HJK Aldus, Froben, Conway: dicam P (1) n Eds.

7. orbis A3 N3 HJK: om. P (1) N.

8. tanto B 2 A3 HJK: manto P (1)( C? ) N: multo C 4 M 7 N 2: tam multo ayss .

9. A.U.C. 550

10. vestitumque P (l)(vestitum habitumque D ) n Aldus: om. Sp HJK Froben 2.

11. sciat P (1) n Aldus, Froben: nesciat Ax N3 HJK.

12. singula CA3 N3 JK Eds., Conway: singuli P (1) n Alschefski,most recent Eds.

13. Civitati forchhammer : -tatis P (1) NHJK.

14. A.U.C. 550

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 29.17

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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Current edition Perseus

Notes on the current edition

Stable identifiers