Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 21.10

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[1]

itaque , praeterquam quod admissi auditique sunt, ¹ ea quoque vana atque irrita legatio fuit.

[2] Hanno unus adversus senatum ² causam foederis magno silentio propter auctoritatem suam,

[3] non cum ³ adsensu audientium egit, per deos ⁴ foederum arbitros ac testes senatum ⁵ obtestans, ne Romanum cum Saguntino suscitarent bellum: monuisse,praedixisse se ne Hamilcaris progeniem ad exercitum mitterent; non manes, non stirpem eius conquiescere viri, nec unquam, donec sanguinis nominisque Barcini quisquam supersit, quietura Romana foedera.

[4]

iuvenem flagrantem cupidine regni viamque unam ad id cernentem si ex bellis bella serendo succinctus armis legionibusque vivat, velut materiam igni praebentes ad exercitus misistis. aluistis ergo hoc incendium quo nunc ardetis.

[5]

Saguntum vestri circumsedent ⁶ exercitus, unde arcentur foedere; mox Carthaginem ⁷ circumsedebunt Romanae legiones ducibus isdem dis per quos priore bello rupta foedera sunt ulti.

[6]

utrum hostem an vos an fortunam utriusque populi ignoratis? legatos ab sociis et pro sociis venientes bonus imperator vester in ⁸ castra non admisit, ius gentium ⁹ sustulit; hi tamen, unde ne hostium quidem legati arcentur pulsi, ad vos venerunt; res ex foedere repetunt; ut ¹⁰ publica fraus absit, auctorem culpae et reum criminis deposcunt.

[7]

quo lenius agunt segnius incipiunt, eo, cum coeperint, vereor ne perseverantius saeviant. Aegates insulas Erycemque ¹¹ ante oculos proponite, quae terra marique per quattuor et viginti annos passi sitis.

[8]

nec puer hic dux erat, sed pater ipse Hamilcar, Mars alter, ut isti volunt. sed Tarento. id est Italia, non abstinueramus ex foedere, sicut nunc Sagunto ¹² non abstinemus.

[9]

vicerunt ergo di homines, ¹³ et id de quo verbis ambigebatur, uter populus foedus rupisset, eventus belli velut aequus iudex unde ius stabat ei victoriam dedit.

[10]

Carthagini nunc Hannibal vineas turresque admovet; Carthaginis moenia quatit ariete; Sagunti ruinae— falsus utinam vates sim!—nostris capitibus incident, susceptumque cum Saguntinis bellum habendum cum Romanis est.

[11]

'Dedemus ergo Hannibalem?' dicet aliquis. scio meam levem esse in eo auctoritatem propter paternas inimicitias; sed et ¹⁴ Hamilcarem eo perisse laetatus sum, quod si ille viveret, bellum iam haberemus cum Romanis, et hunc iuvenem tamquam furiam facemque huius belli odi ac detestor;

[12]

nec dedendum solum arbitror ¹⁵ ad piaculum rupti foederis, sed si nemo deposceret, ¹⁶ devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras, ablegandum eo unde nec ad nos nomen famaque eius accidere ¹⁷ neque ille sollicitare quietae civitatis statum posset. ¹⁸

[13]

ego ita censeo, legatos extemplo Romam mittendos qui senatui satisfaciant, alios qui Hannibali nuntient ut exercitum ab Sagunto abducat, ipsumque Hannibalem ex foedere Romanis dedant; tertiam legationem ad res Saguntinis reddendas decerno.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

Ab urbe condita (Latin) (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).)

Editions (2)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 21.10 focus

[1] itaque, praeterquam quod admissi auditique sunt, ea quoque vana atque irrita legatio tuit. fuit.

[2] Hanno unus adversus senatum causam foederis magno silentio propter auctoritatem suam,

[3] non cum adsensu audientium egit, per deos foederum arbitros ac testis senatum obtestans, ne Romanum cum Saguntino suscitarent bellum; monuisse, praedixisse se, ne Hamilcaris progeniem ad exercitum mitterent; non manes, non stirpem eius conquiescere viri, nec umquam, donec sanguinis nominisque Barcini quisquam supersit, quietura Romana foedera.

[4] “iuvenem fiagrantem flagrantem cupidine regni viamque unam ad id cernentem, si ex bellis bella serendo succinctus armis legionibusque vivat, velut materiam igni praebentes ad exercitus misistis. aluistis ergo hoc incendium, quo nunc ardetis.

[5] Sagunturm vestri circumsedent exercitus, unde arcentur foedere; mox Carthaginem circumsedebunt Romanae legiones ducibus isdem diis, per quos priore bello rupta foedera sunt ulti.

[6] utrum hostem an vos an fortunam utriusque populi ignoratis? legatos ab sociis et pro sociis venientes bonus imperator vester in castra non admisit, ius gentium sustulit; hi tamen, unde ne hostium quidem legati arcentur, pulsi ad vos venerunt; res ex foedere repetunt; publica fraus absit, auctorem culpae et reum criminis deposcunt.

[7] quo lenius agunt, segnius incipiunt, eo, cum coeperint, vereor ne perseverantius saeviant. Aegatis Aegates insulas Erycemque ante oculos proponite, quae terra marique per quattuor et viginti annos passi sitis.

[8] nec puer hic dux erat, sed pater ipse Hamilcar, Mars alter, ut isti volunt. sed Tarento, id est Italia, non abstinueramus ex foedere, sicut nunc Sagunto non abstinemus.

[9] vicerunt ergo dii homines, et id de quo verbis ambigebatur, uter populus foedus rupisset, eventus belli velut aequus iudex, unde ius stabat, ei victoriam dedit.

[10] Carthagini nunc Hannibal vineas turresque admovet, Carthaginis moenia quatit ariete: Sagunti ruinae — falsus utinam vates sim — nostris capitibus incident, susceptumque cum Saguntinis bellum habendum cum Romanis est.

[11] dedemus ergo Hannibalem? dicet aliquis. scio meam levem esse in eo auctoritatem propter paternas inimicitias; sed et Hamilcarem eo perisse laetatus sum, quod, si ille viveret, bellum iam haberemus cum Romanis, et hunc iuvenem tamquam furiam facemque huius belli odi ac detestor;

[12] nec dedendum solum ad piaculum rupti foederis, sed, si nemo deposceret, devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras, ablegandum eo, unde nec ad nos nomen famaque eius accidere neque ille sollicitare quietae civitatis statum posset.

[13] ego ita censeo, legatos extemplo Romam mittendos, qui senatui satisfaciant, alios, qui Hannibali nuntient, ut exercitum ab Sagunto abducat, ipsumque Hannibalem ex foedere Romanis dedant; tertiam legationem ad res Saguntinis reddendas decerno.”

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Conway, Robert Seymour; Walters, Charles Flamstead; Johnson, Stephen Keymer, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1914-1935. (Oxford Classical Texts)) — 21.10 focus

[1]

itaque, praeterquam quod admissi auditique sunt, ea quoque uana atque inrita legatio fuit.

[2] Hanno unus aduersus senatum causam foederis magno silentio propter auctoritatem suam, non cum adsensu audientium egit, per deos foederum arbitros ac testes obtestans ne Romanum cum Saguntino suscitarent bellum;

[3] monuisse, praedixisse se ne Hamilcaris progeniem ad exercitum mitterent; non manes, non stirpem eius conquiescere uiri, nec unquam donec sanguinis nominisque Barcini quisquam supersit quietura Romana foedera.

[4] 'iuuenem flagrantem cupidine regni uiamque unam ad id cernentem si ex bellis bella serendo succinctus armis legionibusque uiuat, uelut materiam igni praebentes, ad exercitus misistis. aluistis ergo hoc incendium quo nunc ardetis.

[5] Saguntum uestri circumsedent exercitus unde arcentur foedere; mox Carthaginem circumsedebunt Romanae legiones ducibus iisdem dis per quos priore bello rupta foedera sunt ulti.

[6] utrum hostem an uos an fortunam utriusque populi ignoratis? legatos ab sociis et pro sociis uenientes bonus imperator uester in castra non admisit; ius gentium sustulit; hi tamen, unde ne hostium quidem legati arcentur, pulsi, ad uos uenerunt. res ex foedere repetuntur; publica fraus absit: auctorem culpae et reum criminis deposcunt.

[7] quo lenius agunt, segnius incipiunt, eo cum coeperint uereor ne perseuerantius saeuiant. Aegates insulas Erycemque ante oculos proponite, quae terra marique per quattuor et uiginti annos passi sitis.

[8] nec puer hic dux erat sed pater ipse Hamilcar, Mars alter, ut isti uolunt. sed Tarento, id est Italia, non abstinueramus ex foedere, sicut nunc Sagunto non abstinemus;

[9] uicerunt ergo di hominesque et, id de quo uerbis ambigebatur uter populus foedus rupisset, euentus belli uelut aequus iudex, unde ius stabat, ei uictoriam dedit. Carthagini nunc Hannibal uineas turresque admouet:

[10] Carthaginis moenia quatit ariete. Sagunti ruinae—falsus utinam uates sim—nostris capitibus incident, susceptumque cum Saguntinis bellum habendum cum Romanis est. dedemus ergo Hannibalem?

[11] dicet aliquis. scio meam leuem esse in eo auctoritatem propter paternas inimicitias; sed et Hamilcarem eo perisse laetatus sum quod, si ille uiueret, bellum iam haberemus cum Romanis, et hunc iuuenem tamquam furiam facemque huius belli odi ac detestor;

[12] nec dedendum solum id piaculum rupti foederis, sed si nemo deposcit, deuehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras, ablegandum eo unde nec ad nos nomen famaque eius accedere neque ille sollicitare quietae ciuitatis statum possit, ego ita censeo.

[13] legatos extemplo Romam mittendos qui senatui satisfaciant, alios qui Hannibali nuntient ut exercitum ab Sagunto abducat ipsumque Hannibalem ex foedere Romanis dedant, tertiam legationem ad res Saguntinis reddendas decerno.'

Translations (3)

History of Rome Perseus (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library)) — 21.10 focus

[1]

Accordingly, save for being admitted and allowed a hearing, this mission also was idle and of no effect.

[2] Hanno stood alone in pleading for the treaty against the views of the senate. There was a deep hush while he spoke, by reason of his personal authority, but he was listened to without approval. He adjured the senators in the name of the gods, vouchers for treaties and their witnesses, to provoke not a Roman along with the Saguntine war.

[3] He had advised them and forewarned them not to send the offspring of Hamilcar to the army; neither the man's ghost nor his progeny was at rest, nor ever, so long as any of the lineage and name of Barca should survive, would the treaty with the Romans rest untroubled.

[4]

You have sent to your armies,

he went on,

as though heaping fuel on a fire, a youth who burns with lust for sovereign power and sees but one way to obtain it —if, by sowing seeds of war, he can raise up other wars and live girt round with arms and legions.

[5]

You have therefore fed these flames with which you are now ablaze. Your armies now invest Saguntum, which the treaty forbids them to approach: ere long the Roman legions will be investing Carthage, led by those very gods who helped them in the former war to avenge the broken treaty.

[6]

Is it your enemy you know not, or yourselves, or the fortunes of both peoples? When ambassadors came from allies on behalf of allies, ¹ your worthy general would not admit them to his camp, but thrust aside the law of nations; nevertheless these men, being driven from a place where even an enemy's envoys are admitted, have come to you. They seek amends in accordance with a treaty. That the state may be void of offence, they demand the author of the wrong, the man on whom they charge the guilt.

[7]

The more mildly they proceed, the more slowly they begin, the more obstinate, I fear, when they have begun, will be their rage. Set Eryx and the Aegatian islands ² before your eyes, and all that you suffered by land and sea for four and twenty years.

[8]

Nor was this boy your leader, but Hamilcar himself, the father, a second Mars, as his partisans will have it. ³ But we could not keep our hands from Tarentum, that is, from Italy, as by treaty bound, even as now we cannot keep them from Saguntum.

[9]

Gods therefore vanquished men, and that which had been verbally disputed —which people of the twain had broken the treaty — the outcome of the war, like an impartial judge, decided, and to those who had the right granted the victory.

[10]

It is Carthage against which Hannibal is now bringing up his pent-houses and towers; it is the walls of Carthage he is battering with his rams. Saguntum's walls —may my prophecy prove false! — will fall upon our heads, and the war we have entered upon with the Saguntines we must carry on against the Romans.

[11]

'Shall we then surrender Hannibal?' someone will ask. I know that my influence is slight, because of my quarrel with his ⁴ father; but I rejoiced when Hamilcar perished, for this reason, that were he living, we should now be at war with Rome;

[12]

and this young man, who, like a fury, now brandishes the torch of war, I loathe and abominate, and I hold, not only that he ought to be surrendered in expiation of the broken treaty, but that, if none demanded him, he ought to be deported to the farthest limits of land and sea —to be banished to a place whence neither name nor fame of his could reach us, nor he be able to vex the quiet of our state.

[13]

My opinion is this: we should send ambassadors at once to Rome, to give satisfaction to the senate; and others to announce to Hannibal that he must withdraw his army from Saguntum, and to hand over Hannibal himself to the Romans as the treaty requires; a third embassy I would send to make restitution to the Saguntines.

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 21.10 focus

[1]

That embassy, therefore, excepting that the ambassadors were admitted and heard, proved likewise vain and fruitless.

[2] Hanno alone, in opposition to the rest of the senate, pleaded the cause of the treaty, amidst deep silence on account of his authority, and not from the approbation of the audience. He said: that he had admonished and forewarned them by the gods, the arbiters and witnesses of treaties, that they should not send the son of Hamilcar to the army;

[3] that the manes, that the offspring of that man could not rest in peace, nor ever, while any one of the Barcine name and blood survived, would the Roman treaties continue undisturbed.

[4]

You, supplying as it were fuel to the flame, have sent to your armies a youth burning with the desire of sovereign power, and seeing but one road to his object, if by exciting war after war, he may live surrounded by arms and legions. You have therefore fostered this fire, in which you now burn.

[5]

Your armies invest Saguntum, whence they are forbidden by the treaty: ere long the Roman legions will invest Carthage, under the guidance of those gods through whose aid they revenged in the former war the infraction of the treaty. Are you unacquainted with the enemy, or with yourselves, or with the fortune of either nation?

[6]

Your good general refused to admit into his camp ambassadors coming from allies and in behalf of allies, and set at nought the law of nations. They, however, after being there repulsed, where not even the ambassadors of enemies are prohibited admittance, come to you: they require restitution according to the treaty: let not guilt attach to the state, they demand to have delivered up to them the author of the transgression, the person who is chargeable with this offence.

[7]

The more gently they proceed, —the slower they are to begin, the more unrelentingly, I fear, when they have once commenced, will they indulge resentment. Set before your eyes the islands Aegates and Eryx, all that for twenty-four years ye have suffered by land and sea.

[8]

Nor was this boy the leader, but his father Hamilcar himself, a second Mars, as these people would have it: but we had not refrained from Tarentum, that is, from Italy, according to the treaty; as now we do not refrain from Saguntum.

[9]

The gods and men have, therefore, prevailed over us; and as to that about which there was a dispute in words, whether of the two nations had infringed the treaty, the issue of the war, like an equitable judge, hath awarded the victory to the party on whose side justice stood. It is against Carthage that Hannibal is now moving his vineae and towers: it is the wall of Carthage that he is shaking with his battering-ram.

[10]

The ruins of Saguntum (oh that I may prove a false prophet!) will fall on our heads; and the war commenced against the Saguntines must be continued against the Romans. Shall we, therefore, some one will say, deliver up Hannibal?

[11]

In what relates to him I am aware that my authority is of little weight, on ac- count of my enmity with his father. But I both rejoice that Hamilcar perished, for this reason, that, had he lived, we should have now been engaged in a war with the Romans; and this youth, as the fury and firebrand of this war, I hate and detest.

[12]

Nor ought he only to be given up in atonement for the violated treaty; but even though no one demanded him, he ought to be transported to the extremest shores of earth or sea, and banished to a distance, whence neither his name nor any tidings of him can reach us, and he be unable to disturb the peace of a tranquil state.

[13]

I therefore give my opinion, that ambassadors be sent immediately to Rome to satisfy the senate; others to tell Hannibal to lead away his army from Saguntum, and to deliver up Hannibal himself, according to the treaty to the Romans; and I propose a third embassy, to make restitution to the Saguntines.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 21.10 focus

[1]

The result was that, beyond being received and heard by the Carthaginian senate, the embassy found its mission a failure.

[2] Hanno alone, against the whole senate, spoke in favour of observing the treaty, and his speech was listened to in silence out of respect to his personal authority, not because his hearers approved of his sentiments. He appealed to them in the name of the gods, who are the witnesses and arbiters of treaties, not to provoke a war with Rome in addition to the one with Saguntum.

[3] "I urged you," he said, "and warned you not to send Hamilcar's son to the army. That man's spirit, that man's offspring cannot rest; as long as any single representative of the blood and name of Barca survives our treaty with Rome will never remain unimperilled.

[4] You have sent to the army, as though supplying fuel to the fire, a young man who is consumed with a passion for sovereign power, and who recognises that the only way to it lies in passing his life surrounded by armed legions and perpetually stirring up fresh wars. It is you, therefore, who have fed this fire which is now scorching you.

[5] Your armies are investing Saguntum, which by the terms of the treaty they are forbidden to approach; before long the legions of Rome will invest Carthage, led by the same generals under the same divine guidance under which they avenged our breach of treaty obligations in the late war.

[6] Are you strangers to the enemy, to yourselves, to the fortunes of each nation? That worthy commander of yours refused to allow ambassadors who came from allies, on behalf of allies, to enter his camp, and set at naught the law of nations. Those men, repulsed from a place to which even an enemy's envoys are not refused access, have come to us; they ask for the satisfaction which the treaty prescribes; they demand the surrender of the guilty party in order that the State may clear itself from all taint of guilt.

[7] The slower they are to take action, the longer they are in commencing war, so much the more persistence and determination, I fear, will they show when war has begun. Remember the Aegates and Eryx, and all you had to go through for four-and-twenty years. This boy was not commanding then, but his father, Hamilcar-a second Mars as his friends would have us believe.

[8] But we broke the treaty then as we are breaking it now; we did not keep our hands off Tarentum or, which is the same thing, off Italy then any more than we are keeping our hands off Saguntum now, and so gods and men combined to defeat us, and

[9] the question in dispute, namely, which nation had broken the treaty, was settled by the issue of the war, which, like an impartial judge, left the victory on the side which was in the right. It is against Carthage that Hannibal is now bringing up his vineae and towers, it is Carthage whose walls he is shaking with his battering rams.

[10] The ruins of Saguntum-would that I might prove a false prophet-will fall on our heads, and the war which was begun with Saguntum will have to be carried on with Rome.

"'Shall we then surrender Hannibal?' some one will say.

[11] I am quite aware that as regards him my advice will have little weight, owing to my differences with his father, but whilst I was glad to hear of Hamilcar's death, for if he were alive we should already be involved in war with Rome, I feel nothing but loathing and detestation for this youth, the mad firebrand who is kindling this war.

[12] Not only do I hold that he ought to be surrendered as an atonement for the broken treaty, but even if no demand for his surrender were made I consider that he ought to be deported to the farthest corner of the earth, exiled to some spot from which no tidings of him, no mention of his name, could reach us, and where it would be impossible for him to disturb the welfare and tranquillity of our State.

[13] This then is what I propose: 'That a commission be at once despatched to Rome to inform the senate of our compliance with their demands, and a second to Hannibal ordering him to withdraw his army from Saguntum and then surrendering him to the Romans in accordance with the terms of the treaty, and I also propose that a third body of commissioners be sent to make reparation to the Saguntines.'"

Notes on the current edition

Ab urbe condita

1. sunt M 2: non sunt CM 1.

2. adversus senatum Alschefski : aduersum senatum C: aduersu senatum M 1: aduerso senatu M 2.

3. suam, non cum eichhof : suam cum CM: quam cum Madvig ( reading magis for magno).

4. per deos s: per eos CM? : per reos M 1 ( or M ).

5. senatum C 3: hannonis suadentis senatum C 1: annonis suadentis senatum ( these three words were later erased ) M.

6. circumsedent M 2: circumsedunt M 1: circumsident C.

7. Carthaginem C 3 M 2: carthagine C 1 M 1.

8. A.U.C. 535

9. gentium M 2 C 2 ( over erasure ): centium M 1.

10. repetunt; ut A. Perizonius: repetuntur C: repetuntur de re repetuntur M.

11. insulas Erycemque edd. : insulam sericemque C: insulam seriemque M 1: insulas eriemque M 2.

12. Sagunto M 2: sagunti CM.

13. homines Madvig : hominesque CM.

14. A.U.C. 535

15. nec dedendum solum arbitror Luchs : nec dedendum solum CM.

16. deposceret Luchs : deposcat s: deposcit CM.

17. accidere Gronovius : accedere CM.

18. posset Luchs : possit CM.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 21.10

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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