Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 44.28

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[1]

After the disappointment of Herophon's return from the court of Eumenes, Perseus sent Antenor and Callippus, his naval commanders, with forty scout-ships —there were five cutters ¹ added to ² this number —to

[2] Tenedos, in order to protect from that base the ships scattered through the Cyclades islands on their way to Macedonia with grain.

[3] The ships were launched at Cassandrea, and after crossing first to the harbours under Mount Athos and thence on a calm sea to Tenedos, they sent away unharmed and even with kind addresses some undecked Rhodian ships which were at the port with Eudamus their commander.

[4] Then Antenor discovered that on the other side of the island fifty of their freight ships were blockaded by warships of Eumenes, under command of Damius, which were stationed at the mouth of the harbour.

[5] Antenor promptly sailed around and by threat caused the enemy ships to retreat; the freight ships were sent to Macedonia under convoy of ten scout-ships, which were instructed to return to Tenedos after seeing them safe.

[6] On the ninth day thereafter they returned to the fleet, which was now anchored at Sigeum. Thence they crossed to Subota, an island lying between Elaea and Chios.

[7] On the day after the arrival of the fleet at Subota, thirty-five of the ships called horse-transports, setting out from Elaea with Galatian cavalry and their mounts, were making for Phanae, a cape of Chios, from which they could cross to Macedonia. They were being sent to Attalus by Eumenes.

[8] When a signal reached Antenor from a lookout post that these ships were at sea, he started from Subota and met them between the cape of Erythrae and Chios, where the strait is narrowest.

[9] Eumenes' officers least of ³ all suspected that a Macedonian fleet was at large in that sea; now they thought them to be Romans, now Attalus, or some men sent back by Attalus from the Roman camp and on their way to Pergamum. But when the shape of the approaching scout-ships was unmistakable and the rapid motion of the oars and the pointing of the prows head-on revealed that enemies were approaching, then panic fell upon them.

[10] Since there was no hope of resistance, both because of the unwieldly type of vessel and because the Galatians could hardly withstand an undisturbed voyage,

[11] some of them, who were nearer to the mainland, swam ashore at Erythrae and some set sail for Chios, ran their ships aground, and abandoning their horses fled in rout to the city.

[12] But as the scoutships put troops ashore nearer the city at a more convenient landing-place, the Macedonians overtook the Galatians and cut them down, partly as they fled along the road and partly when they were shut out of the city gates.

[13] For the Chians had closed their gates, not knowing who were fleeing or who pursuing. ⁴ About eight hundred of the Galatians were killed and two hundred taken alive; some of the horses were destroyed in the sea as the ships were wrecked, some were hamstrung on shore by the Macedonians.

[14] Antenor ordered twenty horses of exceptional beauty, along with the prisoners, to be taken to Thessalonica by the same ten scout-ships he had sent before, which he ordered to return as soon as possible to the fleet;

[15] he said he would await them at Phanae. ⁵ For about three days the fleet anchored before the city.

[16] Then they moved on to Phanae, and setting sail on the unexpectedly early arrival of the ten scout-ships, crossed the Aegean Sea to Delos.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 44.28 focus

[1] Perseus post reditum ab Eumene Herophontis spe deiectus Antenorem et Callippum praefectos classis cum quadraginta lembis — adiectae ad hunc numerum quinque pristes erant — Tenedum mittit,

[2] ut inde sparsas per Cycladas insulas naves, Macedoniam cum frumento petentes, tutarentur.

[3] Cassandreae deductae naves in portus primum, qui sub Atho monte sunt, inde Tenedum placido mari cum traiecissent, stantis in portu Rhodias apertas naves Eudamumque, praefectum earum, inviolatos atque etiam benigne appellatos dimiserunt.

[4] cognito deinde in latere altero quinquaginta onerarias suarum stantibus in ostio portus Eumenis rostratis, quibus Damius praeerat,

[5] inclusas esse, circumvectus propere ac summotis terrore hostium navibus, onerarias datis, qui prosequerentur, decem lembis in Macedoniam mittit, ita ut in tutum prosecuti redirent Tenedum.

[6] nono post die ad classem iam ad Sigeum stantem redierunt. inde Subota — insula est interiecta Elaeae et Chio —

[7] traiciunt. forte postero die, quam Subota classis tenuit, quinque et triginta naves, quas hippagogus vocant, ab Elaea profectae cum equitibus Gallis equisque Phanas promunturium Chiorum petebant, unde transmittere in Macedoniam possent. Attalo ab Eumene mittebantur.

[8] has naves per altum ferri cum ex specula signum datum Antenori esset, profectus ab Subotis inter Erythrarum promunturium Chiumque, qua artissimum fretum est, iis occurrit.

[9] nihil minus credere praefecti Eumenis, quam Macedonum classem in illo vagari mari: nunc Romanos esse, nunc Attalum aut remissos aliquos ab Attalo ex castris Romanis Pergamum petere.

[10] sed cum iam adpropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubia esset et concitatio remorum derectaeque in se prorae hostis adpropinquare aperuissent, tunc iniecta trepidatio est.

[11] cum resistendi spes nulla esset inhabilique navium genere et Gallis vix quietem ferentibus in mari, pars eorum, qui propiores continentis litori erant, in Erythraeam enarunt, pars velis datis ad Chium naves eiecere relictisque equis effusa fuga urbem petebant.

[12]

[13] sed propius urbem lembi accessuque commodiore cum exposuissent armatos, partim in via fugientes Gallos adepti Macedones ceciderunt, partim ante portam exclusos. clauserant enim Chii portas ignari, qui fugerent aut sequerentur.

[14] octingenti ferme Gallorum occisi, ducenti vivi capti; equi pars in mari fractis navibus absumpti, parti nervos succiderunt in litore Macedones.

[15] viginti eximiae equos formae cum captivis eosdem decem lembos, quos ante miserat, Antenor devehere Thessalonicam iussit et primo quoque tempore ad classem reverti; Phanis se eos expectaturum. triduum ferme classis ad urbem stetit.

[16] Phanas inde progressi sunt et spe celerius regressis decem lembis evecti Aegaeo mari Delum traiecerunt.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 44.28 focus

[1]

Perseus post reditum ab Eumene Herophontis spe deiectus Antenorem et Callippum praefectos classis cum quadraginta lembis—adiectae ad ¹ hunc numerum quinque pristes erant—Tenedum mittit,

[2] ut inde sparsas ² per Cycladas insulas naves, Macedoniam cum frumento petentes, tutarentur.

[4] cognito deinde in latere altero quinquaginta onerarias suarum stantibus in ostio portus Eumenis rostratis, quibus Damius praeerat,

[5] inclusas esse, circumvectus propere ac summotis terrore hostium navibus, onerarias datis qui prosequerentur decem lembis in Macedoniam mittit, ita ut in tutum ⁴ prosecuti redirent Tenedum.

[6] nono post die ad classem iam ad Sigeum ⁵ stantem redierunt. inde Subota—insula est interiecta Elaeae et Chio ⁶ —traiciunt.

[7] forte postero die quam Subota classis tenuit quinque et triginta naves, quas hippagogus vocant, ab Elaea profectae cum equitibus Gallis equisque Phanas promunturium Chiorum petebant, unde transmittere in Macedoniam possent. Attalo ab Eumene mittebantur.

[8] has naves per altum ferri cum ex specula signum datum Antenori esset, profectus ab ⁷ Subotis inter Erythrarum promunturium Chiumque, qua artissimum fretum est, iis occurrit.

[9] nihil minus credere praefecti Eumenis ⁸ quam Macedonum classem in illo vagari maria: nunc Romanos esse, nunc Attalum aut remissos aliquos ab Attalo ex castris Romanis Pergamum petere.

[10] sed cum iam adpropinquantium adproprinquantium forma lemborum haud dubia esset et concitatio remorum derectaeque in se prorae ⁹ hostis adpropinquare aperuissent, ¹⁰ tunc iniecta trepidatio est.

[11] cum resistendi spes nulla esset inhabilique navium genere et Gallis vix quietem ferentibus in mari,

[12] pars eorum qui propiores continentis ¹¹ litori erant in Erythraeam enarunt, pars velis datis ad Chium naves eiecere relictisque equis effusa fuga urbem petebant.

[14] octingenti ferme Gallorum occisi, ducenti vivi capti; equi pars in mari fractis navibus absumpti, parti ¹³ nervos succiderunt in litore Macedones.

[16] Phanas inde progressi sunt et spe celerius regressis decem lembis ¹⁶ evecti Aegaeo mari Delum traiecerunt.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 44.28 focus

[1]

Perseus post reditum ab Eumene Herophontis spe deiectus Antenorem et Callippum praefectos classis cum quadraginta lembis — adiectae ad hunc numerum quinque pristis erant — Tenedum mittit,

[2] ut inde sparsas per Cycladas insulas naves Macedoniam cum frumento petentes tutarentur.

[4] cognito deinde in latere altero quinquaginta onerarias suarum stantibus in ostio portus Eumenis rostratis,

[5] quibus Damius praeerat, inclusas esse, circumvectus propere ac summotis terrore hostium navibus, ¹ onerarias datis, qui prosequerentur, decem lembis in Macedoniam mittit, ita ut in tutum prosecuti redirent Tenedum.

[6] nono post die ad classem iam ad Sigeum stantem redierunt. inde Subota —

[7] insula est interiecta Elaeae et Chio — traiciunt. forte postero die, quam Subota classis tenuit, quinque et triginta naves, quas hippagogus vocant, ab Elaea profectae cum equitibus Gallis equisque Phanas promunturium Chiorum petebant, unde transmittere in Macedoniam possent.

[8] Attalo ab Eumene mittebantur. has naves per altum ferri cum ex specula signum datum Antenori esset, profectus ab Subotis inter Erythrarum promunturium Chiumque, qua artissimum fretum est, iis occurrit.

[9] nihil minus credere praefecti Eumenis, quam Macedonum classem in illo vagari mari: nunc Romanos esse, nunc Attalum aut remissos aliquos ab Attalo ex castris Romanis Pergamum petere.

[10] sed cum iam adpropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubia esset et concitatio remorum derectaeque in se prorae hostis adpropinquare aperuissent, tunc iniecta trepidatio est.

[11] cum resistendi spes nulla esset inhabilique navium genere et Gallis vix quietem ferentibus in mari,

[12] pars eorum, qui propiores continenti litori ² erant, in Erythraeam enarunt, pars velis datis ad Chium naves eiecere relictisque equis effusa fuga urbem petebant.

[14] octingenti ferme Gallorum occisi, ducenti vivi capti; equi pars in mari fractis navibus absumpti, parti nervos succiderunt in litore Macedones.

[15] viginti eximiae equos formae cum captivis eosdem decem lembos, quos ante miserat, Antenor devehere Thessalonicam iussit et primo quoque tempore ad classem reverti:

[16] Phanis se eos expectaturum. triduum ferme classis ad urbem stetit. Phanas inde progressi sunt et spe celerius regressis decem lembis evecti Aegaeo mari Delum traiecerunt.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 44.28 focus

[1]

Upon the return of Herophon from Eumenes, Perseus, disappointed in his hope, sent Antenor and Callippus, the commanders of his fleet, with forty barks, to which were added five heavy galleys, to Tenedos, that they might protect the

[2] vessels sailing to Macedonia with corn, and scattered among the Cyclades.

[3] This squadron, setting sail from Cassandrea, steered, first, to the harbour at the foot of Mount Athos, and crossing over thence, with mild weather, to Tenedos, found lying in the harbour a number of Rhodian undecked ships, and their commander Eudamus; these they did not offer to molest, but, after having spoken them in a friendly manner, suffered them to pursue their course.

[4] Then, learning that, on the other side of the island, fifty transports of their own were shut up by a squadron of Eumenes, commanded by Damius, which lay in the mouth of the harbour, they sailed round with all haste;

[5] and the enemy's ships retiring, through fear, they sent on the transports to Macedonia, ten barks having been appointed to accompany them, which were to return to Tenedos as soon as they had convoyed them to a place of safety.

[6] Accordingly, on the ninth day after, they rejoined the fleet, then lying at Sigeum. From thence they sailed over to Subota, an island between Elea and Athos.

[7] The next day after the fleet had reached Subota, it happened that thirty-five vessels, of the kind called horse-transports, sent by Eumenes to Attalus, and which had sailed from Elea, with Gallic horsemen and their horses, were steering towards Phanae, a promontory of Chios, from whence they might cross over to Macedonia, A signal having been given to Antenor,

[8] from a post of observation, that these ships were passing along the main, he left Subota, and met them between Cape Erythrae and Chios, where the strait is narrowest.

[9] The officers of Eumenes believed nothing less probable than that a Macedonian fleet was cruising in that sea; they imagined that they were Romans, or that Attalus, or some people sent home by him from the Roman camp, were on their way to Pergamus.

[10] But when, on their nearer approach, the shape of the vessels was plainly perceived, and when the briskness of their rowing, and their prows being directed straight against themselves, proved that enemies were approaching, a panic was struck into them; for they had no hope of being able to make resistance, their ships being of an unwieldy kind, and the Gauls scarcely able to bear a state of quiet when at sea.

[11] Some, who were nearest to the shore of the continent, swam to Erythrae; some, crowding all their sail, ran the ships aground near Chios; and, leaving their horses behind, made for the city in disorderly flight.

[12] When the barks, however, had landed their troops nearer to the city, where the

[13] access was more convenient, the Macedonians overtook and put to the sword the flying Gauls, some on the road, and some who had been shut out before the gate, for the Chians had shut their gates, not knowing who they were that fled, or who that pursued. About eight hundred Gauls were killed, and two hundred made prisoners.

[14] Of the horses, some were lost in the sea, by the ships being wrecked, and others the Macedonians hamstrung on the shore.

[15] Antenor ordered the same ten barks, which he had employed before, to carry twenty horses of extraordinary beauty, with the prisoners, to Thessalonica, and to return to the fleet as speedily as possible; saying, that he would wait for them at Phanae.

[16] The fleet staid about three days off the city, and then proceeded to Phanae, and the ten barks having returned sooner than was expected, they set sail, and crossed the Aegean Sea to Delos.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 44.28 focus

[1]

Seeing how his schemes had miscarried, Perseus sent his two naval commanders, Antenor and Calippus, with forty swift ships and five cutters to Tenedos to protect the corn ships which were making their way

[2] to Macedonia through the scattered groups of the Cyclades.

[3] The ships took the water at Cassandrea, in the two harbours under Mount Athos, and from there sailed to Tenedos in a calm sea. Some undecked vessels belonging to Rhodes were lying in the harbour and Eudamus, their commander, was allowed to take them away unharmed, as though they were friends.

[4] On learning that fifty of his transports on the other side of the island were blockaded by the war-galleys of Eumenes which were stationed at the entrance to the harbour, Antenor promptly sailed round and the enemy ships made off on his appearance.

[5] Ten swift ships were told off to escort the transports to Macedonia, and when they had seen them safe they were to return to Tenedos.

[6] Eight days afterwards they rejoined the fleet which was now anchored off Sigeum. From here they sailed to Sabota, an island situated between Elaea and Chios.

[7] The day after they arrived, thirty-five vessels called "hippagogi," carrying Gaulish horses and troopers, happened to be on their way from Elaea to Phanae, a headland in Chios, intending to sail from there to Macedonia. They were sent to Attalus by Eumenes.

[8] When Antenor received a signal that these ships were at sea, he started for Sabota and met them in the narrowest part of the channel between the headland of Erythrae and Chios. The last thing that Eumenes's officers expected was the appearance of a Macedonian fleet cruising in those waters.

[9] They first thought that they were Romans and then that it was Attalus or some that had been sent back by Attalus from the Roman camp and were on their way to Pergamum.

[10] But when the build of the approaching vessels could no longer be mistaken and the prows steering straight for them at increasing speed revealed the approach of an enemy, there was great alarm. The clumsy nature of their ships and the difficulty of keeping the Gauls quiet, destroyed all hope of resistance.

[11] Some of those who were nearer to the mainland swam to Erythrae; others crowded on all sail and ran their ships aground in Chios, and, abandoning the horses, fled in wild disorder towards the city.

[12] But the Macedonian vessels, taking a shorter course, landed their marines nearer the city and some of the Gauls were cut down as they fled along the road, others outside the city gate.

[13] The Chians had closed their gates, not knowing who were fleeing and who were pursuing. Nearly 800 Gauls were killed and 200 made prisoners.

[14] Some of the horses in the wrecked ships were drowned; others were hamstrung by the Macedonians on the beach. There were twenty horses of exceptional beauty, and Antenor gave orders for the ten vessels which he had previously sent to carry these and the prisoners to Thessalonica and return as soon as possible; he should wait for them at Phanae.

[15] The fleet lay off Chios for three days and then sailed to Phanae.

[16] The ten ships returned sooner than was expected; the whole fleet then put out to sea and sailed across the Aegean to Delos.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. Cf. XXXV. xxvi. 1, Polybius XVI. 2. 9 and XVIII (XVII) 1. 1, lumps these pristes with the lembi as light fighting vessels. Livy, quoting from the latter passage of Polybius, translates pristis by

beaked ship,

XXXII. xxxii. 9.

2. B.C. 168

3. B.C. 168

4. The move by Eumenes to add to Attalus' force indicates that Livy's charges of treachery against Eumenes were none too well founded. The exact course of the action described is not clear from the account in Livy's usual impressionistic manner; but the Macedonian ships seem to have let the transports pass Subota, wherever that was, and then pursued, overtaking them between Phanae, the cape and harbour at the south end of Chios (cf. above, XXXVI. xliii. 11 and Strabo XIV. 1. 35) and Chios city. The Chians were allies of Rome.

5. B.C. 168

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 44.28

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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