Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 43.21

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[1]

Lucius Coelius, a Roman staff-officer, ¹ was in charge of Illyricum; he had not dared to stir while the king was in those parts, but after his departure at last attempted in the Penestian country to retake Uscana, and, being driven back with many wounded by the Macedonian garrison which was there, led his forces back to Lychnidus.

[2] Thence after a few days he sent Marcus Trebellius of Fregellae with a strong enough detachment among the Penestae to receive hostages from those cities which had remained loyal to the alliance; he ordered Trebellius to proceed also to the Parthini, ² for they had likewise promised to give hostages.

[3] From both peoples Trebellius exacted the hostages without disturbance. The knights of the Penestae were sent to Apollonia, those of the Parthini to Dyrrachium —at that time the name Epidamnus was more generally in use among the Greeks. ³

[4] Appius Claudius, eager to atone for the disgrace he had received in Illyricum, ⁴ attempted to besiege Phanote, a fort of Epirus. He took with him auxiliaries from the Chaonians ⁵ and The sprotians, besides his Roman army, a total of about six thousand men; he did not accomplish anything ⁶ worth his trouble, since Cleuas, who had been left by Perseus, was defending it with a strong garrison.

[5] Perseus also, setting out for Elimea, ⁷ and purifying his army in that neighbourhood, led his force, at the invitation of the Epirotes, ⁸ to Stratus.

[6] Stratus was at that time the strongest city of Aetolia; it is situated inland from the Ambracian Gulf near the River Inachus. ⁹ Perseus set out thither with ten thousand infantry and three handred cavalry, a smaller number of which ¹⁰ he took with him because of the narrowness and roughness of the roads.

[7] When on the third day he had arrived at Mount Citium, the snow was so deep that he barely succeeded incrossing and had difficulty also in finding a place for his camp.

[8] Setting out thence, more because he could not stay than because either the way or the weather was bearable, with great suffering, especially of the baggage-animals, on the second day he pitched camp at the temple of Jupiter whom they call the Victorious. ¹¹ Thence having traversed a huge march to the Aratthus River, he halted . . . delayed by the depth of the river.

[9] In this length of time a bridge was finished, and, leading his troops across, he proceeded one day's march and effected a meeting with Archidamus, a prominent Aetolian, who was trying ¹² to hand over Stratus to him. ¹³

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 43.21 focus

[1] L. Coelius, legatus Romanus, praeerat Illyrico; qui moveri non ausus, cum in iis locis rex esset, post profectionem demum eius conatus in Penestis Uscanam recipere, a praesidio, quod ibi Macedonum erat, cum multis volneribus repulsus Lychnidum copias reduxit.

[2] inde post dies paucos M. Trebellium Fregellanum cum satis valida manu in Penestas misit ad obsides ab iis urbibus, quae in amicitia cum fide permanserant, accipiendos;

[3] procedere etiam in Parthinos — ii quoque obsides dare pepigerant — iussit. ab utraque gente sine tumultu exigit. Penestarum equites Apolloniam, Parthinorum Dyrrachium, — tum Epidamni magis celebre nomen Graecis erat — missi.

[4] Ap. Claudius acceptam in Illyrico ignominiam corrigere cupiens Phanotam, Epiri castellum, adortus oppugnare est. auxilia Chaonum Thesprotorumque praeter Romanum exercitum, ad sex milia hominum, secum adduxit;

[5] neque operae pretium fecit Cleua, qui relictus a Perseo erat, cum valido praesidio defendente. et Perseus, Elimeam profectus et circa eam exercitu lustrato ad Stratum vocantibus Epirotis ducit.

[6] Stratus validissima tum urbs Aetoliae erat; sita est super Ambracium sinum prope amnem Inachum. cum decem milibus peditum eo profectus est et equitibus trecentis, quos pauciores propter angustias viarum et asperitatem duxit.

[7] tertio die cum pervenisset ad Citium montem, vix transgressus propter altitudinem nivis locum quoque castris aegre invenit.

[8] profectus inde, magis quia manere non poterat, quam quod tolerabilis aut via aut tempestas esset, cum ingenti vexatione praecipue iumentorum altero die ad templum Iovis, Nicaeum quem vocant, posuit castra.

[9] ad Aratthum inde flumen itinere ingenti emenso retentus altitudine amnis mansit. quo spatio temporis ponte perfecto, traductis copiis diei progressus iter obvium Archidamum, principem Aetolorum, per quem ei Stratus tradebatur, habuit.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 43.21 focus

[1]

L. Coelius, legatus Romanus, praeerat Illyrico; qui moveri non ausus cum in iis locis rex esset, ¹ post profectionem demum eius conatus in Penestis Uscanam recipere, a praesidio quod ibi Macedonum erat cum multis vulneribus repulsus Lychnidum ² copias reduxit.

[2] inde post dies paucos M. Trebellium Fregellanum cum satis valida manu in ³ Penestas misit ad obsides ab iis ⁴ urbibus quae in amicitia cum fide permanserant accipiendos;

[3] procedere etiam in Parthinos — ii quoque obsides dare pepigerant—iussit. Ab utraque gente sine tumultu exigit. ⁵ Penestarum equites Apolloniam, Parthinorum Dyrrachium, — tum Epidamni magis celebre nomen Graecis erat — missi.

[4] Ap . Claudius acceptam in Illyrico ignominiam corrigere cupiens Phanotam, ⁶ Epiri castellum, adortus oppugnare ⁷ est. auxilia Chaonum Thesprotorumque ⁸ praeter Romanum exercitum, ad sex milia hominum, secum adduxit;

[5] neque operae pretium fecit Cleua, ⁹ qui relictus a ¹⁰ Perseo erat, cum valido praesidio defendente. et Perseus, Elimeam profectus et circa eam exercitu ¹¹ lustrato ad Stratum vocantibus Epirotis ducit.

[6] Stratus validissima tum urbs Aetoliae erat ¹² ; sita est super Ambracium sinum prope ¹³ amnem Inachum. ¹⁴ cum decem milibus peditum eo profectus est et equitibus trecentis, quos pauciores propter angustias viarum et asperitatem duxit.

[7] tertio¹⁵ die cum pervenisset ad Citium montem, vix transgressus propter altitudinem nivis locum quoque castris aegre invenit.

[8] profectus inde, magis quia manere non poterat, quam ¹⁶ quod tolerabilis aut via aut tempestas esset, cum ingenti vexatione praecipue iumentorum altero die ad templum Iovis, Nicaeum quem vocant, posuit castra.

[9] ad Aratthum ¹⁷ inde flumen itinere ingenti emenso retentus altitudine amnis . . . ¹⁸ mansit. quo spatio temporis ponte perfecto, traductis copiis diei progressus iter obvium Archidamum, principem Aetolorum per quem ei ¹⁹ Stratus tradebatur habuit.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 43.21 focus

[1]

L. Coelius , legatus Romanus, praeerat Illyrico; qui moveri non ausus, cum in iis locis rex esset, post profectionem demum eius conatus in Penestis Uscanam recipere a praesidio, quod ibi ¹ Macedonum erat, cum multis volneribus repulsus Lychnidum copias reduxit.

[2] inde post dies paucos M. Trebellium Fregellanum cum satis valida manu in Penestas misit ad obsides ab iis urbibus, quae in amicitia cum fide permanserant, accipiendos;

[4] missi. Ap. Claudius acceptam in Illyrico ignominiam corrigere cupiens Phanotam, Epiri castellum, adortus oppugnare est. auxilia Chaonum Thesprotorumque ² praeter Romanum exercitum, ad sex milia hominum, secum adduxit;

[5] neque operae pretium fecit Cleua, qui relictus a Perseo erat, cum valido praesidio defendente.

et Perseus Elimeam profectus et circa eam exercitu lustrato ad Stratum vocantibus Epirotis ducit.

[7] tertio die cum pervenisset ad Citium montem, ³ vix transgressus propter altitudinem nivis locum quoque castris aegre invenit.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 43.21 focus

[1]

Lucius Caelius, a Roman lieutenant-general, commanded at that time in Illyria. While the king was in that country, he did not venture to stir; but, on his departure, he made an attempt to recover Uscana, in Penestia; in which being repulsed, with great loss, by the Macedonian garrison, he led back his forces to Lychnidus.

[2] In a short time after he sent Marcus Trebellius Fregellanus, with a very strong force, into Penestia, to receive hostages from the cities which had faithfully remained in friendship.

[3] He ordered him, also, to march on to the Parthinians, who had likewise covenanted to give hostages, which were received from both nations without any trouble: those of the Penestians were sent to Apollonia; those of the Parthinians, to Dyrrachium, then more generally called by the Greeks Epidamnus.

[4] Appius Claudius, wishing to repair the disgrace which he had suffered in Illyria, made an attack on Phanote, a fortress of Epirus; bringing with him, besides the Roman troops, Athamanian and Thesprotian auxiliaries, to the amount of six thousand men; nor did he gain any advantage to recompense his exertion, for Clevas, who had been left there with a strong garrison, effectually defended the place.

[5] Perseus marched to Elimea, and, after reviewing his army in the vicinity of that town, led it to Stratus, in compliance with an invitation of the Epirotes. Stratus was then the strongest city in Aetolia.

[6] It stands on the Ambracian Gulf, near the river Inachus. Thither he marched with ten thousand foot and three hundred horse; for, on account of the narrowness and ruggedness of the roads, he led a smaller army than he would otherwise have done.

[7] On the third day he came to Mount Citium, which he could scarcely climb over, by reason of the depth of the snow, and with difficulty found even a place for his camp.

[8] Leaving that spot, rather because he could not conveniently stay, than that either the road or the weather was tolerable, the army, after suffering severe hardships, which fell heaviest on the beasts of burden, encamped on the second day at the temple of Jupiter, called Nicaus.

[9] After a very long march thence, he halted at the river Aracthus, being detained there by the depth of the water, during the time in which a bridge was being constructed; he then led over his army, and, having proceeded one day's march, met Archidamus, an Aetolian of distinction, who proposed delivering Stratus into his hands.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 43.21 focus

[1]

L. Coelius was commanding in Illyria. He did not venture to make any movement while the king was in those parts, but after his departure he attempted to recover Uscana from the Macedonians who were garrisoned there. He was, however, repulsed, and a large number of his men were wounded, and he led his force back to Lychnidus.

[2] A few days afterwards he sent M. Trebellius Fregellanus with a fairly strong force into Penestia to receive the hostages from those cities which had remained loyal, and then to go on to the Parthini; they, too, had undertaken to furnish hostages.

[3] He obtained them from both nations without trouble. Those from the Penestae were sent to Apollonia; those from the Parthini to Dyrrhachium, better known to the Greeks of that day as Epidamnus.

[4] Appius Claudius was eager to wipe out the disgrace of his defeat in Illyria and proceeded to attack a stronghold in Epirus. He had with him contingents of Chaonians and Thesprotians, which with his Roman army amounted to 6000 men.

[5] The attempt was a complete failure, as Clenas who had been left there by Perseus had a strong force for defence.

Perseus advanced to Elimea and offered the purificatory sacrifices for his army in its neighbourhood. He then marched to Stratus at the call of the Epirots.

[6] Stratus was at that time the strongest city in Aetolia. It lies beyond the Ambracian Gulf near the Inachus. Owing to the narrowness and roughness of the roads, Perseus took a comparatively small force with him-10,000 infantry and 300 cavalry.

[7] In a three days' march he reached Mount Citium which, owing to the deep snow, he had great difficulty in crossing, and only after much trouble was he able to find a position for his camp.

[8] Resuming his march, more because he could not stay where he was than because the road or the weather made progress tolerable, he encamped the next day, after much hardship and suffering, especially among the animals, at a temple sacred to Jupiter, called Nicaeum. From there he made a very long march to the River Arathus.

[9] The depth of the river necessitated his remaining there until a bridge could be built. After his troops had crossed the river he advanced a day's march and met Archidamus, an Aetolian magnate, through whom Stratus was to be betrayed.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. The relative positions of Coelius and Claudius, above, ix-x. below, §§ 4-5, xxiii. 1-2 and 6, and XLIV. xx. 5, cannot be exactly determined; perhaps they had different sectors, in spite of the story of Claudius' fiasco before Uscana, cf. note 4, p. 35.

2. They had been recognized as allies of the Romans in 205 B.C. (Polybius II. 11. 11, VII. 9. 13, Livy XXIX. xii. 13), but seem to have come again under Philip's rule; in 196 B.C. , XXXIII. xxxiv. 11, they were put under Pleuratus, the father of Gentius (not the exile mentioned above, xix. 13), who had aided Rome against Philip (XXXI. xxviii. 1-3, xl. 10; cf. also below, xxiii. 6).

3. Including Polybius, e.g., XXXIV. 7.

4. Cf. above, ix-x.

5. Phanote lay in their territory; the Chaonians were divided in their attachment, some holding with Perseus.

6. B.C. 169

7. Here the city, not the district as in XXXI. xl. 1, XLII. liii. 5, and Plutarch, Aemilius ix. 3.

8. Epirote exiles, cf. below xxii. 9, unless this is a mistake for

Aetolians.

9. Until 270 B.C. the chief city of Acarnania, Stratus was then given to the Aetolians. The river is properly the Acheloös (cf. e.g., Polybius V. 13. 10); the name Inachus was sometimes applied to the upper portion of the Acheloös which was mistakenly regarded as a tributary, hence, perhaps, Livy's mistake.

10. Two hundred less cavalry (and apparently the two thousand light-troops were also omitted) than on the previous expedition; above, xviii. 4.

11. Zeus Nikaios. is named in inscriptions from Asia Minor; Cassius Dio XLVII. 40. 2 uses this name as a translation of

Jupiter Victor

at Rome.

12. B.C. 169

13. Archidamus is mentioned by Polybius XXVIII. 4. 8 as accused of anti-Romanism by Lyciscus, a professional pro-Roman, cf. Vol. XII. p. 403, and 478, note 1.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 43.21

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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