Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 42.1

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[1] When the consuls Lucius Postumius Albinus and¹ Marcus Popilius Laenas had first of all referred to the senate the question of the provinces and the armies, the Ligurians were decreed to them both, with the provision that they should each enlist legions with which to hold this province —two

[2] were decreed to each —and for each also ten thousand infantry and six hundred cavalry of the allies of the Latin confederacy, and as a reinforcement for Spain three thousand Roman infantry and two hundred cavalry.

[3] It was also ordered that fifteen hundred Roman infantry and one hundred cavalry be enrolled, taking whom the praetor to whose lot Sardinia should have fallen was to cross to Corsica to prosecute the war there; in the meantime Marcus Atilius, the old praetor, was to hold the province of Sardinia.

[4] The praetors then cast lots for the provinces.

[5] The civil jurisdiction was received by Aulus Atilius Serranus, that between citizens and aliens by Gaius Cluvius Saxula, Nearer Spain by Numerius Fabius Buteo, Farther Spain by Marcus² Matienus, Sicily by Marcus Furius Crassipes, Sardinia by Gaius Cicereius.

[6] The senate decreed that before the magistrates departed for their provinces, Lucius Postumius the consul should proceed to Campania to determine the boundaries between the public and private lands, since it was well known that private persons, by³ gradually moving their boundaries outward, were occupying a very large part of it.⁴

[7] Postumius being angry at the people of Praeneste because, when he had journeyed thither as a private citizen for the purpose of offering sacrifice in the temple of Fortune, no mark of respect⁵ had been shown by that people, either officially or unofficially, before he set out from Rome sent a message to Praeneste to the effect that the magistrate should come out to meet him, that they should engage at public expense quarters for his entertainment, and that when he should leave there transport-animals should be in readiness. Before his consulship no one had ever put the allies to any trouble or expense in any respect.⁶

[8] Magistrates were supplied with mules and tents and all other military equipment, precisely in order that they might not give any such command to the allies.

[9] The senators generally had private relations of hospitality,⁷ which they generously and courteously cultivated, and their homes at Rome were open to the guests at whose houses they themselves were wont to lodge.

[10] Ambassadors who were sent on short notice to any place would call upon the towns through which their route took them, for one pack-animal each: no other expense did the allies incur in behalf of Roman officials.

[11] The anger of the consul, even if it was justifiable, should nevertheless not have found vent while he was in office, and its silent

[12] acceptance by the⁸ Praenestines, whether too modest or too fearful, established, as by an approved precedent, the right of magistrates to make demands of this sort, which grew more burdensome day by day.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 42.1 focus

[1] L. Postumius Albinus M. Popilius Laenas consules cum omnium primum de provinciis et exercitibus ad senatum rettulissent, Ligures utrique decreti sunt, ut novas ambo, quibus eam provinciam obtinerent, legiones —

[2] binae singulis decretae — et socium Latini nominis dena milia peditum et sescenos equites, et supplementum Hispaniae tria milia peditum Romanorum scriberent et ducentos equites.

[3] ad hoc mille et quingenti pedites Romani cum centum equitibus scribi iussi, cum quibus praetor, cui Sardinia obtigisset, in Corsicam transgressus bellum gereret;

[4] interim M. Atilius, vetus praetor, provinciam obtineret Sardiniam.

[5] praetores deinde provincias sortiti sunt, A. Atilius Serranus urbanam, C. Cluvius Saxula inter cives et peregrinos, N. Fabius Buteo Hispaniam citeriorem, M. Matienus ulteriorem, M. Furius Crassipes Siciliam, C. Cicereius Sardiniam.

[6] priusquam in provincias magistratus proficiscerentur, senatui placuit, L. Postumium consulem ad agrum publicum a privato terminandum in Campaniam ire, cuius ingentem modum possidere privatos paulatim proferendo fines constabat.

[7] hic iratus Praenestinis, quod, cum eo privatus sacrificii in templo Fortunae faciundi causa profectus esset, nihil in se honorifice neque publice neque privatim factum a Praenestinis esset, priusquam ab Roma proficisceretur, litteras Praeneste misit, ut sibi magistratus obviam exiret, locum publice pararent, ubi deverteretur, iumentaque, cum exiret inde, praesto essent.

[8] ante hunc consulem nemo umquam sociis in ulla re oneri aut sumptui fuit.

[9] ideo magistratus mulis tabernaculisque et omni alio instrumento militari ornabantur, ne quid tale imperarent sociis.

[10] privata hospitia habebant; ea benigne comiterque colebant, domusque eorum Romae hospitibus patebant, apud quos ipsis deverti mos esset.

[11] legati, qui repente aliquo mitterentur, singula iumenta per oppida, iter qua faciundum erat, imperabant; aliam inpensam socii in magistratus Romanos non faciebant.

[12] ira consulis, etiamsi iusta, non tamen in magistratu exercenda, et silentium nimis aut modestum aut timidum Praenestinorum ius, velut probato exemplo, magistratibus fecit graviorum in dies talis generis imperiorum.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 43.1 focus

[1]

eadem aestate qua in Thessalia haec gesta sunt ¹² ..., ³ legatus in Illyricum a consule missus ⁴ opulenta duo oppida oppugnavit.

[2] ceremiam vi atque ⁵ armis coegit in deditionem; omniaque iis sua concessit, ut opinione clementiae eos, qui Carnuntem, munitam urbem, incolebant, adliceret.

[3] postquam nec ut dederent se compellere neque capere obsidendo poterat, ne duabus oppugnationibus nequiquam fatigatus miles esset, quam prius intactam urbem reliquerat diripuit.

[4] alter consul C. Cassius nec in Gallia, quam sortitus erat, memorabile quicquam gessit et per Illyricum ducere legiones in Macedoniam vano incepto est conatus.

[5] ingressum hoc iter consulem senatus ex Aquileiensium legatis cognovit, qui querentes coloniam ⁶ suam novam et infirmam necdum satis munitam inter infestas nationes Histrorum et Illyriorum esse,

[6] cum peterent ut senatus curae haberet quomodo ea colonia muniretur, interrogati, vellentne eam rem C. Cassio consuli mandari,

[7] responderunt Cassium Aquileiam indicto exercitu profectum per Illyricum in Macedoniam esse. ⁷ ea res primo incredibilis visa, et pro se quisque credere Carnis forsitan aut Histris bellum illatum.

[8] tum Aquileienses: nihil se ultra scire nec audere adfirmare, quam triginta dierum frumentum militi datum et duces qui ex Italia itinera in Macedoniam nossent conquisitos abductosque.

[9] enimvero senatus indignari tantum consulem ausum, ut suam provinciam relinqueret, in alienam transiret, exercitum novo periculoso itinere inter exteras gentes ⁸ duceret, viam tot nationibus in Italiam aperiret. ⁹

[10] decernunt frequentes ut C. Sulpicius praetor tris ex senatu nominet legatos, qui eo die proficiscantur ex urbe et, quantum adcelerare possint, ¹⁰ Cassium consulem, ubicumque sit, persequantur;

[11] nuntient ne bellum cum ulla gente moveat, nisi cum qua senatus gerendum censuerit. ¹¹

[12] legati hi profecti M. Cornelius ¹² Cethegus , M. Fulvius, P. Marcius Rex. metus de consule atque exercitu distulit eo tempore muniendae Aquileiae curam.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 42.1 focus

L. Postumius Albinus M. Popilius Laenas cum omnium primum de provinciis et exercitibus ad senatum rettulissent, ² Ligures utrique decreti sunt,

[2] ut novas ambo, quibus eam provinciam optinerent, legiones — binae singulis decretae — et socium Latini nominis dena milia peditum et sescenos equites, et supplementum Hispaniae tria milia peditum Romanorum scriberent et ducentos equites.

[3] ad hoc mille et quingenti pedites Romani cum centum equitibus scribi iussi, cum quibus praetor, cui Sardinia obtigisset, in Corsicam transgressus bellum gereret:

[4] interim M. Atilius vetus praetor provinciam optineret Sardiniam.

[5] praetores deinde provincias sortiti sunt, A. Atilius Serranus urbanam, C. Cluvius Saxula inter cives et peregrinos, N. Fabius Buteo Hispaniam citeriorem, C. Matienus ulteriorem, M. Furius Crassipes Siciliam, C. Cicereius Sardiniam.

[6] priusquam in provincias magistratus proficiscerentur, senatui placuit L. Postumium consulem ad agrum publicum a privato terminandum in Campaniam ire, cuius ingentem modum possidere privatos paulatim proferendo fines constabat.

[7] hic iratus Praenestinis, quod, cum eo privatus sacrificii in templo Fortunae faciundi causa profectus ³ esset, nihil in se honorifice neque publice neque privatim factum a Praenestinis esset, priusquam ab Roma proficisceretur, litteras Praeneste misit, ut sibi magistratus obviam exiret, locum publice pararet, ubi deverteretur, jumentaque, cum exiret inde, praesto essent.

[8] ante hunc consulem nemo umquam sociis ulla re oneri aut sumptui fuit.

[9] ideo magistratus mulis tabernaculisque et omni alio instrumento militari ornabantur, ne quid tale imperarent sociis.

[10] privata hospitia habebant; ea benigne comiterque colebant, domusque eorum Romae hospitibus patebant, apud quos ipsis deverti mos esset.

[11] legati, qui repente aliquo mitterentur, singula iumenta per oppida, iter qua faciundum erat, imperabant; aliam inpensam socii in magistratus Romanos non faciebant.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 42.1 focus

[1]

When Lucius Postumius Albinus and Marcus Popilius Laenas brought before the senate first of all the distribution of the provinces, Liguria was assigned the joint province of both, with directions that they should enlist new legions, by which they would hold that province (two were decreed to each); and also ten thousand foot and six hundred horse of the Latin confederates;

[2] and as a supplement to the army in Spain, three thousand Roman foot and two hundred horse.

[3] One thousand five hundred Roman foot and one hundred horse wore ordered to be raised; with which the praetor, to whose lot Sardinia might fall, should cross over to Corsica, and carry on the war there;

[4] and it was further ordered, that in the mean time the former praetor, Marcus Atilius, should obtain the province of Sardinia. The praetors then cast lots for their provinces.

[5] Aulus Atilius Serranus obtained the city jurisdiction; Caius Cluvius Saxula, that between natives and foreigners; Numerius Fabius Buteo, Hither Spain; Mar- cus Matienus, Farther Spain; Marcus Furius Crassipes, Sicily; and Caius Cicereius, Sardinia.

[6] The senate resolved that, before the magistrates went abroad, Lucius Postumius should go into Campania, to fix the bounds between the lands which were private property and those which belonged to the public; for it was understood that individuals, by gradually extending their bounds, had taken possession of a very considerable share of the common lands.

[7] He, being enraged with the people of Praeneste because, when he had gone thither as a private individual to offer sacrifice in the temple of Fortune, no honour had been paid him, either in public or private, by the people of Praeneste, before he set out from Rome, sent a letter to Praeneste, ordering the chief magistrate to meet him, and to provide him lodging at the public expense; and that, at his departure, cattle should be ready to carry his baggage. No consul before him ever put the allies to any trouble or expense whatever.

[8] Magistrates were furnished with mules, tents, and every other requisite for a campaign, in order that they might not make any such demands.

[9] They had private lodgings, in which they behaved with courtesy and kindness, and their houses at Rome were always open to their hosts with whom they used to lodge.

[10] Ambassadors indeed sent to any place, on a sudden emergency, demanded each a single horse in the several towns through which their journey lay; but the allies never contributed any other portion of the expense of the Roman magistrates.

[11] The resentment of the consul, which, even if well founded, ought not to have been exerted during his office, and the

[12] too modest or too timid acquiescence of the Praenestines, gave to the magistrates, as if by an approved precedent, the privilege of imposing orders of this sort, which grew more burdensome daily.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 42.1 focus

[1]

The first business of the new consuls was to consult the senate about their provinces and armies. It was decreed that they should both have Liguria for their province and they were each to raise two fresh legions for service in that province and also 10,000 infantry and 600 cavalry from the Latin allies.

[2] They were also required to call up 3000 Roman infantry and 200 cavalry to reinforce the army in Spain. A further force of 1500 infantry and 100 cavalry was to be raised for the operations in Corsica.

[3] M. Atilius was to remain in charge of Sardinia till his successor arrived. Then the praetors balloted for their provinces.

[4] A. Atilius Serranus received the civic and C. Cluvius Saxula the alien jurisdiction; Hither Spain fell to N. Fabius Buteo; Further Spain to C. Matienus; Sicily to M. Furius Crassipes; Sardinia to C. Cicereius.

[5] Before the magistrates left for their provinces the senate decided that L. Postumius should go into Campania to fix the boundaries between the State land and the land in private occupation.

[6] It was a matter of common knowledge that persons had appropriated a large part of the State domain by gradually advancing their boundaries. Postumius was angry with the Praenestines because when he had gone there in a private capacity to offer a sacrifice in the temple of Fortune, he had not received any marks of honour, either publicly or privately.

[7] So before he left Rome he sent a despatch to Praeneste ordering the chief magistrate to go out and meet him, to have a place prepared by the municipality where he could stay, and to see that pack animals were ready to carry his luggage when he left. No one before this consul had ever been a burden or expense to the allies.

[8] The magistrates were provided with mules and tents and all other requisites simply that they might not requisition anything of the kind from the allies; they enjoyed the hospitality of private citizens whom they treated with courtesy and consideration;

[9] and their own houses in Rome were open to those with whom they were accustomed to stay.

[10] When officials were despatched to some place on a sudden emergency they only demanded one mule apiece from the towns through which their journey lay.

[11] No other expense was incurred by the allies in the case of Roman magistrates. The vindictiveness of the consul, even if justifiable, ought not in any case to have appeared while he was in office.

[12] The Praenestines unfortunately, whether through modesty or timidity, allowed the matter to pass without protest, and this silence furnished the magistrates with a legal colouring, as though following an unquestioned precedent, to demands which became continuously more burdensome.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. B.C 173

2. Called Gaius in XLI. xxviii. 5.

3. B.C 173

4. Part of the ager Campanus had been sold (cf. XXXII. vii. 3), part leased (XXVII. xi. 8), but there is no record of renewals of any leases. By reason of this negligence both purchasers and lessors had gradually included larger areas in their holdings, and the long unchallenged possessio gave even lessors an opportunity to claim ownership. What occasioned this sudden interest in the matter in unknown. For the results see chap. xix. below.

5. As a privates, Postumius had no right to demand or expect any sign of honour from an allied city. The incident may be regarded as an indication of the growing feeling of superiority of Rome with respect to her allies. Cf. sect. 12 below.

6. But Livy has previously mentioned such expenditures as customary for allies outside of Italy, XXXII. xxvii. 4.

7. Cf. XXXVII. liv. 6 and the note.

8. B.C. 173

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 42.1

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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