Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 41.10

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[1] While all these things were being done at Rome, Marcus Junius and Aulus Manlius, who had been consuls the preceding year, after wintering at Aquileia, in the beginning of spring led the army into the land of the Histrians;

[2] while they were plundering far and wide, grief and indignation at the sight of their ravaged possessions roused the Histrians more than any assured hope that they had strength enough to withstand the two armies.

[3] When the young men from all the communities had rushed together, the army, hastily raised for the emergency, fought at the first clash with greater vigour than perseverance.

[4] About four thousand of them were killed in the battle-line, the rest, abandoning the campaign, scattered in every direction to their states. Then they first sent ambassadors to the Roman camp to ask peace, then the hostages which were demanded.

[5] When this was known at Rome from the dispatch of the proconsuls, Gaius Claudius the consul, fearing that these occurrences might perhaps deprive him of his province and his army,¹ without announcing his vows or clothing his lictors in uniform,² notifying only his colleague of everything, set out by night and went off at headlong speed to his province; there his conduct was more rash than his coming.

[6] For when, calling an assembly, he had upbraided Aulus Manlius for his flight from the camp (the soldiers, who themselves had begun the flight, listening with hostile ears) and had heaped insults upon Marcus Junius, because he had made himself a partner in his colleague's disgrace, he ended by ordering both to leave the province.

[7] When they had replied to this that they would obey the command of a consul at such time as he set out from the City in the manner of their forefathers, after public proclamation of his vows on the Capitoline and with his lictors in uniform,³ Claudius, maddened with rage, summoned the officer who was acting as quaestor for Manlius and demanded from him chains, threatening that he would send Junius and Manlius to Rome in irons.

[8] This officer also ignored the command of the consul; and the army standing round about favouring the cause of the generals and hostile to the consul, gave the quaestor courage to disobey.

[9] At last the consul, worn out by the insults of individuals and the jeers of the whole crowd —for

[10] they ridiculed him as well —returned to Aquileia in the same ship in which he had come.

[11] Thence he wrote to his colleague to issue an edict that such portion of the new troops as had been enlisted for the province of Histria should assemble⁴ at Aquileia, lest anything delay him at Rome from announcing his vows and setting out from the City in uniform. This was done by his colleague as he requested, and an early date for the muster was proclaimed.

[12] Claudius almost overtook his own letter. On his arrival he delivered a speech on the conduct of Manlius and Junius, and after tarrying not more than three days at Rome, with

[13] his lictors in uniform and having proclaimed his vows on the Capitoline, he went off to his province with the same headlong speed as before.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 41.10 focus

[1] dum haec Romae geruntur, M. Iunius et A. Manlius, qui priore anno consules fuerant, cum Aquileiae hibernassent, principio veris in finis Histrorum exercitum introducerunt;

[2] ubi cum effuse popularentur, dolor magis et indignatio diripi res suas cernentis Histros, quam certa spes, satis sibi virium adversus duos exercitus esse, excivit.

[3] concursu ex omnibus populis iuventutis facto repentinus et tumultuarius exercitus acrius primo impetu quam perseverantius pugnavit.

[4] ad quattuor milia eorum in acie caesa; ceteri omisso bello in civitates passim diffugerunt. inde legatos primum ad pacem petendam in castra Romana, deinde obsides imperatos miserunt.

[5] haec cum Romae cognita litteris proconsulum essent, C. Claudius consul veritus, ne forte eae res provinciam et exercitum sibi adimerent, non votis nuncupatis, non paludatis lictoribus, uno omnium certiore facto collega, nocte profectus, praeceps in provinciam abiit; ubi inconsultius quam venerat se gessit.

[6] nam cum contione advocata fugam e castris A. Manlio adversis auribus militum, quippe qui primi ipsi fugissent, obiectasset et ingessisset probra M. Iunio, quod se dedecoris socium collegae fecisset, ad extremum utrumque decedere provincia iussit.

[7] ad quod cum illi tum consulis imperio dicto audientes futuros esse dicerent, cum is more maiorum, secundum vota in Capitolio nuncupata, lictoribus paludatis profectus ab urbe esset,

[8] furens ira vocatum, qui pro quaestore Manli erat, catenas poposcit, vinctos se Iunium Manliumque minitans Romam missurum.

[9] ab eo quoque spretum consulis imperium est; et circumfusus exercitus, favens imperatorum causae et consuli infestus, animos ad non parendum addebat.

[10] postremo fatigatus consul et contumeliis singulorum et multitudinis — nam insuper inridebant — ludibriis, nave eadem, qua venerat, Aquileiam redit.

[11] inde collegae scripsit, ut militum novorum ei parti, quae scripta in Histriam provinciam esset, ediceret, Aquileiam ut conveniret, ne quid se Romae teneret, quo minus votis nuncupatis paludatus ab urbe exiret.

[12] haec a collega obsequenter facta, brevisque dies ad conveniendum edicta est. Claudius prope consecutus est litteras suas.

[13] contione adveniens de Manlio et Iunio habita, non ultra triduum moratus Romae, paludatis lictoribus votisque in Capitolio nuncupatis, in provinciam aeque ac prius praecipiti celeritate abit.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 43.10 focus

[1]

haud procul inde Uscana oppidum finium imperiique ¹ Persei erat. decem milia civium habebat et modicum custodiae causa Cretensium praesidium.

[2] inde nuntii ad Claudium occulti veniebant, si propius copias admovisset, paratos fore, qui proderent urbem. et operae pretium esse: non se amicosque tantum, sed etiam milites praeda expleturum

[3] spes cupiditati ² admota ita occaecavit animum, ut nec ex iis qui ³ venerant ⁴ quemquam retineret nec obsides, ⁵ pignus futuros afore fraudem ⁶ agendae rei, posceret nec mitteret exploratum nec fidem acciperet. die tantum statuta profectus a Lychnido duodecim milia ab urbe ad quam tendebat posuit castra.

[4] quarta inde vigilia signa movit mille ferme ad praesidium castrorum relictus. incompositi , longo agmine effusi, infrequentes, cum nocturnus error dissiparet, ad urbem pervenerunt.

[5] crevit neglegentia postquam neminem armatum in muris viderunt. ceterum , ubi primum sub ictu ⁷ teli fuerunt, duabus simul portis erumpitur; et ad clamorem erumpentium ingens strepitus e muris ⁸ ortus ululantium mulierum cum crepitu undique aeris, et incondita multitudo turba inmixta servili variis vocibus personabat.

[6] Hic tam multiplex undique obiectus terror effecit, ne sustinere primam procellam eruptionis Romani possent. itaque fugientes plures quam pugnantes interempti sunt; vix duo milia hominum cum ipso legato in castra perfugerunt.

[7] quo longius iter in castra erat, eo pluris fessos consectandi hostibus copia fuit.

[8] ne moratus quidem in castris Appius, ut suos dissipatos dissipates fuga colligeret, quae res palatis per agros saluti fuisset, ad Lychnidum protinus reliquias cladis reduxit.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 41.10 focus

[1]

dum haec Romae geruntur, M. Iunius et A. Manlius , qui priore anno consules fuerant, cum Aquileiae hibernassent, principio veris in finis Histrorum exercitum introduxerunt;

[2] ubi cum effuse popularentur, dolor magis et indignatio diripi res suas cernentes Histros, quam certa spes satis sibi virium adversus duos esse exercitus, excivit.

[3] concursu ex omnibus populis iuventutis facto repentinus et tumultuarius exercitus acrius primo inpetu quam perseverantius pugnavit.

[4] ad quattuor milia eorum in ¹ acie caesa; ceteri omisso bello in civitates passim diffugerunt. inde legatos primum ad pacem petendam in castra Romana, deinde obsides imperatos miserunt.

[5] haec cum Romae cognita litteris proconsulum essent, C. Claudius consul veritus, ne forte ea res provinciam et exercitum sibi adimeret, non votis nuncupatis, non paludatis lictoribus, uno omnium certiore facto collega nocte profectus, praeceps in provinciam abiit; ubi inconsultius quam venerat se gessit.

[6] nam cum contione advocata fugam e castris A. Manli adversis auribus militum, quippe qui primi ipsi fugissent, iactasset et ingessisset probra M. Iunio , quod se dedecoris socium collegae fecisset, ad extremum utrumque decedere provincia iussit.

[7] ad quod cum illi tum consulis imperio dicto audientes futuros esse dicerent, cum is more maiorum, secundum vota in Capitolio nuncupata,

[8] lictoribus paludatis profectus ab urbe esset, furens ira vocatum, qui pro quaestore Manli erat, catenas poposcit, vinctos se Iunium Manliumque minitans Romam missurum.

[9] ab eo quoque spretum consulis imperium est; et circumfusus exercitus, favens imperatorum causae et consuli infestus, animos ad non parendum addebat.

[10] postremo fatigatus consul et contumeliis singulorum et multitudinis — nam insuper inridebant —

[11] ludibriis, nave eadem, qua venerat, Aquileiam rediit. inde collegae ² scripsit, ut militum novorum ei parti, quae scripta in Histriam provinciam esset, ediceret, Aquileiam ut conveniret, ne quid se Romae teneret, quo minus votis nuncupatis paludatus ab urbe exiret.

[12] haec a collega obsequenter facta, brevisque dies ad conveniendum edicta est. Claudius prope consecutus est litteras suas.

[13] contione adveniens de Manlio et Iunio habita, non ultra triduum moratus Romae, paludatis lictoribus votisque in Capitolio nuncupatis, in provinciam aeque ac prius praecipiti celeritate abit.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 41.10 focus

[1]

While these matters passed at Rome, Marcus Junius and Aulus Manlius, the consuls of the preceding year, after remaining during the winter at Aquileia, led their army early in the spring into the Istrian territories;

[2] where when they spread their depredations through a great part of the country, grief and indignation, rather than any well-grounded hope of being able to make head against these joint forces, roused the Istrians, on perceiving the plunder of their property.

[3] A hasty levy of their young men being made from all their cantons, this raw and tumultuary army made its first onset with more vigour than perseverance. About four thousand of them were slain in the field; and the rest, giving over the war, fled in different directions to their respective states.

[4] Soon after, they sent ambassadors to the Roman camp to sue for peace, and then delivered up the hostages required of them.

[5] When these transactions were made known at Rome, by letters from the proconsul, Caius Claudius, the consul, fearing that this proceeding might, perhaps, take the province and the army out of his hands, without offering vows, without assuming the military habit, and unaccompanied by his lictors, having acquainted his colleague alone with his intention, set out in the night, and with the utmost speed hastened to the province, where he conducted himself even with less prudence than he had shown in coming.

[6] For, in an assembly which he called, after making severe remarks on Manlius's running away from the camp, which were very offensive to the ears of the soldiers, as they themselves had begun the flight, and after railing at Marcus Junius, as having made himself a sharer in the disgrace of his colleague, he at last ordered both of them to quit the province.

[7] And when they replied, that when the consul should come, in the regular manner, agreeably to ancient practice; when he should set out from the city, after offering vows in the Capitol, attended by his lictors and dressed in the military habit, then they would obey his orders. Maddened by anger, he summoned the person who acted as quaestor to Manlius, and ordered him to bring fetters, threatening to send Junius and Manlius to Rome in chains.

[8] The consul's command was slighted by this man too; and the sur- rounding crowd of soldiers, who favoured the cause of their commanders, and were incensed against the consul, supplied him with resolution to refuse obedience.

[9] At last the consul, overpowered by the reproaches of individuals and the scoffs of the multitude, for they even turned him into ridicule, went back to Aquileia in the same ship in which he had come.

[10] Thence he wrote to his colleague, desiring him to give notice to that part of the

[11] new-raised troops who were enlisted for Istria, to assemble at Aquileia, in order that he should have no delay at Rome, but set out, in the military habit, as soon as the ceremony of offering vows was finished. These directions his colleague punctually executed, and an early day was appointed for the assembling of the troops.

[12] Claudius almost overtook his own letter. On his arrival he called an assembly, that he might represent the conduct of Manlius and Junius;

[13] and, staying only three days in Rome, he offered his vows in the Capitol, put on the military habit, and, attended by his lictors, set out to his province with the same rapid speed which he had used in the former journey.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 41.10 focus

[1]

M. Junius and A. Manlius, the ex-consuls who had been in winter quarters at Aquileia, led their army into Histria at the commencement of spring.

[2] They carried their ravages far and wide, and the Histrians were animated much more by indignation and rage at the loss of their property than by any certain hope that they would be strong enough to meet two consular armies.

[3] From all the tribes their fighting men collected into a hastily levied tumultuary force, and they displayed much more impetuosity in beginning a battle than steadfastness in keeping it up. Four thousand of them fell on the field; the rest abandoned all resistance and dispersed to their cities.

[4] From these cities delegates were sent to the Roman camp to sue for peace, and on being required to give hostages they sent them.

[5] When this became known in Rome through despatches from the proconsuls, C. Claudius, fearing lest this success should rob him of his province and his army, went off post-haste to his province without offering the customary prayers, unattended by his lictors and in the dead of night, his colleague being the only one who was aware of his intention. His conduct after his arrival was more ill-advised even than the way in which he had started for his province.

[6] Addressing the assembled troops, he taunted Manlius with his flight from the camp, to the intense annoyance of the soldiers, since it was they who began the flight, and then he attacked M. Junius for associating himself with his colleague's disgrace, and ended by ordering them both to quit the province.

[7] They promised that they would obey his order as soon as he had made his departure from the City in the traditional way, after the customary prayers in the Capitol, and attended by his lictors in their official dress. Claudius, beside himself with rage, called the official who was acting as quaestor to Manlius to bring fetters, and threatened to send both Manlius and Junius in chains to Rome.

[8] This officer also ignored the consul's authority, and their determination not to obey was strengthened by the way the army supported their commanders and resented the conduct of Claudius.

[9] At last the consul, overborne by the insults and jeers of individual soldiers, and the ridicule (for they actually laughed at him) of the whole army, returned to Aquileia in the same vessel in which he had come.

[10] From there he sent word to his colleague to warn that portion of the new levies which had been

[11] raised for service in Histria to assemble at Aquileia, so that nothing might detain him in Rome or prevent him from leaving the City, with due formalities, offering the customary prayers and wearing the paludamentum. His colleague carried out his instructions and ordered the troops to assemble at an early date at Aquileia.

[12] Claudius almost overtook his letter. On his arrival he convened the Assembly and laid before it the case of Manlius and Junius.

[13] His stay in Rome only lasted three days, and then, in full state with lictors and paludamentum, after offering up prayers in the Capitol, he departed for his province with quite as much precipitancy as before.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. The senate had earlier prorogued the imperium of Junius and Manlius (vi. 2 above), and the assignment of Histria to Claudius left them without occupation; friction was bound to follow.

2. B.C. 177

3. The proconsuls take the position that Claudius, having left Rome without performing the usual formalities, has no legal right to command in the province. There may have been no law to this effect, but custom was, in the main, on their side: cf., e.g. XXI. lxiii. 2.

4. B.C. 177

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 41.10

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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