Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 39.2

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[1] The consul Gaius Flaminius, having fought several successful battles with the Ligurian Friniates¹ on their own soil, received the tribe in surrender and disarmed them.

[2] When they were reproved because they did not surrender the arms in good faith, they abandoned their villages and fled to the Auginus mountain. The consul followed in haste.

[3] But they scattered again, the largest part being unarmed, and fled at full speed through pathless country and over steep cliffs where the enemy could not pursue. So they departed across the Apennines. Those who remained in camp were surrounded and captured. Thence the legions were led across the Apennines.

[4] There the enemy defended themselves for a while by virtue of the height of the mountain which they had occupied, but presently yielded in surrender. At this time the arms were sought out with greater diligence, and all were taken from them. The war was then transferred to the Ligurian Apuani,² who had raided the lands of Pisa and Bologna to such³ effect that they could not be cultivated.

[5] Having subdued them too, the consul granted peace to their neighbours.

[6] And, because he had brought it to pass that the province was free from war, that he might not leave his army idle, he built a road from Bologna to Arezzo.⁴

[7] The other consul, Marcus Aemilius, burned and ravaged the farms and villages of the Ligurians which were in the plains or valleys, the people themselves holding the two mountains Ballista and Suismontium. Then, attacking the men who were on the mountains, he first wore them out with small skirmishes, then forced

[8] them to come down to face his battle-line and defeated them in a regular battle, in the course of which he vowed a temple to Diana.⁵

[9] Having subdued all the tribes on this side of the Apennines, Aemilius then attacked those beyond the mountains —among whom there were those Ligurian Friniates also whom Gaius Flaminius had not visited —and subdued them all, took away their arms and transferred the population from the hills to the plains.

[10] Leaving the Ligurians pacified, he led his army into Gallic territory, and built a road from Placentia to Ariminum, in order to make a junction with the Via Flaminia. In the final encounter in which he engaged the Ligurians in a pitched battle, he vowed a temple to Juno Regina.

[11] Such were the events of that year among the Ligurians.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 39.2 focus

[1] C. Flaminius consul, cum Friniatibus Liguribus in agro eorum pluribus proeliis secundis factis, in deditionem gentem accepit et arma ademit.

[2] ea quia non sincera fide tradebant, cum castigarentur, relictis vicis in montem Auginum profugerunt.

[3] confestim secutus est consul. ceterum effusi rursus, et pars maxima inermes, per invia et rupes deruptas praecipitantes fugerunt, qua sequi hostis non posset. ita trans Appenninum abierunt. qui castris se tenuerant, circumsessi et expugnati sunt.

[4] inde trans Appenninum ductae legiones. ibi montis quem ceperant altitudine paulisper se tutati, mox in deditionem concesserunt. tum conquisita cum intentiore cura arma, et omnia adempta. translatum deinde ad Apuanos Ligures bellum,

[5] qui in agrum Pisanum Bononiensemque ita incursaverant, ut coli non possent.

[6] his quoque perdomitis consul pacem dedit finitimis. et quia a bello quieta ut esset provincia effecerat, ne in otio militem haberet, viam a Bononia perduxit Arretium.

[7] M. Aemilius alter consul agros Ligurum vicosque, qui in campis aut vallibus erant, ipsis montes duos Ballistam Suismontiumque tenentibus, deussit depopulatusque est.

[8] deinde eos, qui in montibus erant, adortus primo levibus proeliis fatigavit, postremo coactos in aciem descendere iusto proelio devicit, in quo et aedem Dianae vovit.

[9] subactis cis Appenninum omnibus, turn tum transmontanos adortus — in his et Friniates Ligures erant, quos non adierat C. Flaminius — omnes Aemilius subegit armaque ademit et de montibus in campos multitudinem deduxit.

[10] pacatis Liguribus exercitum in agrum Gallicum duxit, viamque a Placentia, ut Flaminiae committeret, Ariminum perduxit.

[11] proelio ultimo, quo cum Liguribus signis collatis conflixit, aedem Iunoni reginae vovit. haec in Liguribus eo anno gesta.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 43.2 focus

[1]

Hispaniae deinde utriusque legati aliquot populorum in senatum ¹ introducti.

[2] ii de magistratuum ² Romanorum avaritia superbiaque conquesti, nixi genibus ab senatu petierunt ne se socios foedius spoliari vexarique quam hostes ³ patiantur.

[3] cum et alia indigna quererentur, manifestum autem esset pecunias captas, L. Canuleio praetori, qui Hispaniam sortitus erat, negotium datum est ut in singulos, a quibus Hispani pecunias repeterent, quinos recuperatores ⁴ ex ordine senatorio daret patronosque quos vellent sumendi potestatem faceret.

[4] vocatis in curiam legatis recitatum est senatus consultum, iussique nominare patronos.

[5] quattuor nominaverunt, M. Porcium Catonem, P. Cornelium Cn. F. Scipionem, ⁵ L. Aemilium L. F. Paulum, ⁶ C. Sulpicium Gallum. cum M. Titinio primum,

[6] qui praetor A. Manlio M. Iunio consulibus in citeriore Hispania fuerat, recuperatores sumpserunt. bis⁷ ampliatus, tertio absolutus est reus.

[7] dissensio inter duarum provinciarum legatos est orta ⁸ ; citerioris Hispaniae populi M. Catonem et P. ⁹ Scipionem, ulterioris L. Paulum et Gallum Sulpicium patronos sumpserunt.

[8] ad recuperatores adducti a citerioribus populis P. Furius Philus, ab ulterioribus M. Matienus;

[9] ille Sp. Postumio Q. Mucio consulibus triennio ante, hic biennio ¹⁰ prius L. Postumio M. ¹¹ Popilio consulibus praetor fuerat.

[10] gravissimis criminibus accusati ambo ampliatique; cum dicenda de integro causa esset, excusati ¹² exilii causa solum vertisse. Furius Praeneste, Matienus Tibur exulatum abierunt.

[11] fama erat prohiberi a patronis nobiles ac potentes compellare; ¹³ auxitque ¹⁴ eam suspicionem Canuleius praetor, quod omissa ea re dilectum habere instituit, dein repente in provinciam abiit, ne ¹⁵ plures ab Hispanis vexarentur.

[12] ita praeteritis silentio obliteratis in futurum tamen consultum ab ¹⁶ senatu Hispanis, quod impetrarunt, ne frumenti aestimationem magistratus Romanus haberet neve cogeret vicensimas vendere Hispanos, quanti ipse vellet, ¹⁷ et ne praefecti in oppida sua ad pecunias cogendas imponerentur.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 39.2 focus

[1]

C. Flaminius consul, cum Friniatibus Liguribus in agro ¹ eorum pluribus proeliis secundis factis, in deditionem gentem accepit.

[2] et arma ademit. ea quia non sincera fide tradebant, cum castigarentur, relictis vicis in montem Auginum profugerunt. confestim secutus est consul.

[3] ceterum effusi rursus, et pars maxima inermes, per invia et rupes deruptas praecipitantes fugerunt, qua sequi hostis non posset. ita trans Apenninum abierunt. qui castris se tenuerant, circumsessi et expugnati sunt.

[4] inde trans Apenninum ductae legiones. ibi montis, quem ceperant, altitudine paulisper se tutati, mox in deditionem concesserunt. tum conquisita cum intentiore cura arma et omnia adempta.

[5] translatum deinde ad Apuanos Ligures bellum, qui in agrum Pisanum Bononiensemque ita incursaverant, ut coli non posset.

[6] his quoque perdomitis consul pacem dedit finitimis. et quia a bello quieta ut esset provincia effecerat, ne in otio militem haberet, viam a Bononia perduxit Arretium.

[7] M. Aemilius alter consul agros Ligurum vicosque, qui in campis aut vallibus erant, ipsis montes duos Ballistam Suismontiumque tenentibus, deussit depopulatusque est.

[8] deinde eos, qui in montibus erant, adortus primo levibus proeliis fatigavit, postremo coactos in aciem descendere iusto ² proelio devicit, in quo et aedem Dianae vovit.

[9] subactis cis Apenninum omnibus tum transmontanos adortus—in his et Friniates Ligures erant, quos non adierat C. Flaminius —omnes Aemilius subegit armaque ademit et de montibus in campos multitudinem deduxit.

[10] pacatis Liguribus exercitum in agrum Gallicum duxit, viamque a Placentia, ut Flaminiae committeret, Ariminum perduxit.

[11] proelio ultimo, quo cum Liguribus signis conlatis conflixit, aedem Iunoni reginae vovit. haec in Liguribus eo anno gesta.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 39.2 focus

[1]

The consul, Caius Flaminius, after several successful battles against the Frinian Ligurians in their own country, received the submission of that tribe, and ordered them to deliver up their arms;

[2] as they did not give them up honourably, and were reproved for their behaviour, who abandoned their villages, and fled to the mountain called Auginus, whither the consul immediately followed them.

[3] A part of the enemy again betook themselves to flight; and, running with precipitate haste, the greatest part without arms, over pathless tracts and rocky precipices, they escaped to places where an enemy could not follow them. Thus they got away beyond the Apennine; the rest, who remained in the camp, were surrounded and reduced by assault.

[4] The legions were then led over the Apennine; then the enemy, assisted by the height of the mountain, which they had occupied at first, stood on their defence; but, in a little time, submitted. Their arms were then sought for with greater care, and all taken from them.

[5] The war was then transferred to the Apuan tribe of Ligurians, who had made so many incursions into the territory of Pisa and Bononia, that it could not be cultivated.

[6] These being entirely subdued, the consul restored peace to the neighbourhood. And, as he had effected the security of the province from the war, he made a road from Bononia to Anetium, that he might not keep the soldiers in a state of idleness.

[7] The other consul, Marcus Aemilius, ravaged with fire and sword the lands of the Ligurians, together with their villages that stood in the plains, while the inhabitants remained posted on two mountains, Ballista and Suismontium.

[8] He then attacked those who were on the mountains, harassed them for some time in skirmishes, and, at last, compelled them to come to an engagement, and utterly defeated them in a regular battle: in which he vowed a temple to Diana.

[9] Having now reduced all on this side of the Apennine, he marched against those on the other side of that mountain; among whom were the Brinian tribe, which had not been attacked by Flaminius: Aemilius subdued them all, stripped them of their arms, and obliged the multitude to come down from the mountains into the plains.

[10] The Ligurians being brought to a state of peace, he led his army into the Gallic territory, and drew a road from Placentia to Ariminum, to meet that made by Flaminius.

[11] During the last engagement, when he fought a pitched battle with the Ligurians, he vowed a temple to Imperial Juno. Such were the transactions of this year in Liguria.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 39.2 focus

[1]

The consul C. Flaminius, after several successful actions with the Ligurian Freniates, accepted their surrender and disarmed them.

[2] As they evaded this demand, he took severe measures with them, on which they abandoned their villages and took refuge on Mt. Auginus, the consul following in close pursuit.

[3] In scattered parties, mostly without arms, they fled precipitately over trackless and rocky ground, where their enemy could not follow them, and in this way escaped across the Apennines. Those who had held to their camp were surrounded and driven out. The legions were then led across the Apennines. The Gauls were protected for a short time by the mountain height which they had occupied, but they soon made their surrender.

[4] This time there was a closer search made for arms and they were all secured. From them the war was transferred to the Apuani, whose continual incursions into the territories of Pisa and Bononia made any cultivation of the soil impossible.

[5] The consul thoroughly vanquished these also and so brought peace to their neighbours.

[6] Now that the province was brought from a state of war into one of peace and quiet, he determined that his soldiers should not be kept in idleness, so he employed them in constructing a road from Bononia to Arretium.

[7] The other consul, M. Aemilius, destroyed and burnt the farms and villages of the Ligurians who dwelt in the lowland country the inhabitants having previously fled and taken possession of the heights of Ballista and Suismontium.

[8] He then attacked them on the mountains, harassing them with skirmishes, and at last forcing them into a regular engagement, in which he completely defeated them. During the battle he vowed a temple to Diana. As all the tribes south of the Apennines were now subjugated, Aemilius advanced against those on the other side of the range, including those of the Freniates with whom C. Flaminius had not been in touch.

[9] He reduced them all to submission, deprived them of their arms and brought down the whole population from the mountains into the plains.

[10] After establishing peace in Liguria he led his army into Gaul and made a road from Placentia to Ariminum to join the Via Flaminia.

[11] In the last pitched battle he fought in Liguria he vowed a temple to Queen Juno. These were the events of the year in Liguria.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. The Friniates lived mainly south of the Apennines.

2. The Apuani lived west of the Apennines. A raid covering all the country between Pisa and Bologna was an ambitious undertaking.

3. B.C. 187

4. If, as seems probable, there was already a road from Arezzo to Rome, the new road provided a route to Gaul shorter than the Via Flaminia (built in 220 B.C. by the father of the present consul) and the Via Aemilia (see sect. 10 below), by way of Ariminum.

5. In XL. lii. 1-3, Aemilius, as censor in 179 B.C., received an appropriation for games in connection with the dedication of temples to Diana and Juno Regina (sect. 11 below). Both were near the Circus Flaminius.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 39.2

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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