Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 38.35

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[1] ¹² and adjust themselves to the laws and institutions of the Achaeans: thus, they said, they would all become one body and would agree more readily on all matters. They obeyed no command more willingly than the order to tear down their walls,³ nor were they more reluctant to accept any than the one which required that the exiles be

[2] restored. The decree for their restoration was passed at Tegea in the common council of the Achaeans,⁴ and when the report was submitted that the foreign auxiliaries had been discharged and that the newly-registered Lacedaemonians —for so they called the men who had been set free by the tyrants —had left the city and had scattered through the country, they ordered the praetor, before the army was dismissed, to go with the light-armed troops and arrest men of this category and sell them under the law governing

[3] booty. Many were arrested and sold. Out of this money, with the permission of the Achaeans, they rebuilt a portico at Megalopolis which the Lacedaemonians had destroyed. Also the ager Belbinates,⁵ which had been wrongfully seized by the tyrants of the Lacedaemonians, was given back to that state under an old decree of the Achaeans which had been passed while Philip, the son of Amyntas, was on the

[4] throne.⁶ The Lacedaemonian state, thus, so to speak, emasculated, was long at the mercy of the Achaeans; yet nothing did them so much injury as the subversion of the discipline of Lycurgus to which they had been accustomed for⁷ eight hundred years.⁸

[5] XXXV. From the council at which the case of the Achaeans and the Lacedaemonians had been argued before the consul,⁹ Marcus Fulvius, since his year was now near its end, set out for Rome to hold the elections and announced the selection as consuls of Marcus Valerius Messala and Gaius Livius Salinator, when he had secured the defeat of his personal foe, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, who was a candidate that year

[6] also.¹⁰ Next the praetors were elected; Quintus Marcius Philippus, Marcus Claudius Marcellus, Gaius Stertinius, Gaius Atinius, Publius Claudius Pulcher, and Lucius Manlius Acidinus. When the elections were over it was decided that the consul Marcus Fulvius should return to the province and the army, and for him and for his colleague Gnaeus Manlius the imperium was prolonged for one

[7] year. In that year in the temple of Hercules a statue of the divinity himself was installed in accordance with a decree of the decemvirs, and a six-horse chariot of gold was set up on the Capitoline by Publius Cornelius;¹¹ the inscription read that

one who had been consul had dedicated it.

¹² Also twelve gilded shields were set up by the curule aediles, Publius Claudius Pulcher and Servius Sulpicius Galba, out of the money which they had condemned the grain-dealers to pay for hoarding the

[8] grain-supply; likewise the plebeian aedile, Quintus Fulvius Flaccus, after convicting only one defendant —for they had¹³ prosecuted independently¹⁴ —dedicated two gilded statues; his colleague Aulus Caecilius condemned no one. The Roman Games in their entirety were repeated three times, the Plebeian Games five times.

[9] Then, when Marcus Valerius Messala and Gaius¹⁵ Livius Salinator had been inaugurated as consuls on the Ides of March, they consulted the senate regarding the general policy and regarding the provinces and armies. No change was made respecting Aetolia and Asia; to one consul was assigned Pisa together with the Ligurians, to the other Gaul, as their

[10] provinces. They were directed to arrange between them or to cast lots and to enroll new armies of two legions each and to requisition from the allies of the Latin confederacy fifteen thousand infantry for each and twelve hundred cavalry.¹⁶ The lot gave to Messala the Ligurians and to Salinator Gaul. Then the praetors cast lots: Marcus Claudius received the jurisdiction between citizens and Publius Claudius that between citizens and aliens; Quintus Marcius Sicily, Gaius Stertinius Sardinia, Lucius Manlius Nearer Spain and Gaius Atinius Farther Spain.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 38.35 focus

[1] A concilio, ubi ad consulem inter Achaeos Lacedaemoniosque disceptatum est, M. Fulvius, quia iam in exitu annus erat, comitiorum causa profectus Romam creavit consules M. Valerium Messalam et C. Livium Salinatorem, cum M. Aemilium Lepidum inimicum eo quoque anno petentem deiecisset.

[2] praetores inde creati Q. Marcius Philippus M. Claudius Marcellus C. Stertinius C. Atinius P. Claudius Pulcher L. Manlius Acidinus.

[3] comitiis perfectis consulem M. Fulvium in provinciam et ad exercitum redire placuit, eique et collegae Cn. Manlio imperium in annum prorogatum est.

[4] eo anno in aede Herculis signum dei ipsius ex decemvirorum responso, et seiuges in Capitolio aurati a P. Cornelio positi; consulem dedisse inscriptum est.

[5] et duodecim clipea aurata ab aedilibus curulibus P. Claudio Pulchro et Ser. Sulpicio Galba sunt posita ex pecunia, qua frumentarios ob annonam compressam damnarunt;

[6] et aedilis plebi Q. Fulvius Flaccus duo signa aurata uno reo damnato — nam separatim accusaverant — posuit; collega eius A. Caecilius neminem condemnavit. ludi Romani ter, plebei quinquiens toti instaurati.

[7] M. Valerius Messala inde et C. Livius Salinator consulatum idibus Martiis cum inissent, de re publica deque provinciis et exercitibus senatum consuluerunt.

[8] de Aetolia et Asia nihil mutatum est; consulibus alteri Pisae cum Liguribus, alteri Gallia provincia decreta est.

[9] comparare inter se aut sortiri iussi et novos exercitus, binas legiones, scribere, et ut sociis Latini nominis quina dena milia peditum imperarent et mille et ducentos equites.

[10] Messalae Ligures, Salinatori obtigit Gallia. praetores inde sortiti sunt: M. Claudio urbana, P. Claudio peregrina iurisdictio evenit; Q. Marcius Siciliam, C. Stertinius Sardiniam, L. Manlius Hispaniam citeriorem, C. Atinius ulteriorem est sortitus.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 43.23 focus

[1]

Rex cum non ¹ minore vexatione iumentorum hominumque quam venerat in Macedoniam rediit; Appium tamen ab obsidione Phanotes fama ducentis ad Stratum Persei summovit.

[2] Cleuas cum praesidio impigrorum iuvenum insecutus sub radicibus prope inviis montium ² ad mille hominum ex agmine impedito occidit, ad ducentos cepit.

[3] Appius superatis angustiis in campo quem Meleona vocant stativa dierum paucorum habuit. interim Cleuas assumpto Philostrato, qui quingentos ex ³ Epirotarum gente habebat, in agrum Antigonensem transcendit. ⁴ Macedones ad depopulationem profecti;

[4] Philostratus⁵ cum cohorte sua in insidiis loco ⁶ obscuro consedit. in palatos populatores cum erupissent ab Antigonea armati, ⁷ fugientes eos persequentes effusius in vallem insessam ab hostibus praecipitant.

[5] ibi ad mille ⁸ occisis, centum ferme captis, et ubique prospere gesta re prope stativa Appi castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit.

[6] Appius nequiquam in his locis terens tempus, dimissis Chaonum Thesprotorumque ⁹ et si qui alii Epirotae erant praesidiis, cum Italicis militibus in Illyricum regressus, per Parthinorum ¹⁰ socias urbes in hiberna militibus divisis, ¹¹ ipse Romam sacrificii causa redit.

[7] Perseus ex Penestarum gente mille pedites, ducentos equites revocatos Cassandream, praesidio ut essent, misit.

[8] Ab Gentio eadem adferentes redierunt. nec deinde alios atque alios mittendo temptare eum destitit, cum appareret, quantum in eo praesidii esset, nec tamen impetrare ab animo posset, ut impensam in rem maximi ad omnia momenti faceret.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 38.35 focus

[1]

A concilio, ubi ad consulem inter Achaeos Lacedaemoniosque disceptatum est, M. Fulvius , quia iam in exitu annus erat, comitiorum causa profectus Romam creavit consules M. Valerium Messalam et C. Livium Salinatorem , cum M. Aemilium Lepidum inimicum eo quoque anno petentem deiecisset.

[2] praetores inde creati Q. Marcius Philippus M. Claudius Marcellus C. Stertinius C. Atinius P. Claudius Pulcher L. Manlius Acidinus .

[3] comitiis perfectis consulem M. Fulvium in provinciam et ad exercitum redire placuit, eique et collegae Cn. Manlio imperium in annum ¹ prorogatum est.

[4] eo anno in aede Herculis signum dei ipsius ex decemvirorum responso, et seiuges in Capitolio aurati a P. Cornelio positi:

[5] consulem dedisse inscriptum est. et duodecim clipea aurata ab aedilibus curulibus P. Claudio Pulchro et Ser. Sulpicio Galba sunt posita ex pecunia, qua frumentarios ob annonam compressam damnarunt;

[7] M. Valerius Messala inde et C. Livius Salinator consulatum idibus Martiis cum inissent, de re publica deque provinciis et exercitibus senatum consuluerunt.

[8] de Aetolia et Asia nihil mutatum est; consulibus alteri Pisae cum Liguribus, alteri Gallia provincia decreta est.

[9] comparare inter se aut sortiri iussi et novos exercitus, binas legiones, scribere, et ut sociis Latini nominis ² , quina dena milia peditum imperarent et mille et ducentos equites.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 38.35 focus

[1]

After the sitting of the council, wherein the debate between the Achaeans and Lacedaemonians was held in presence of the consul, as the year was expiring, Marcus Fulvius, having gone home to Rome to hold the elections, appointed Marcus Valerius Messala and Caius Livius Salinator consuls, after having, this year, procured the rejection of his enemy, Marcus. Aemilius Lepidus.

[2] Then Quintus Marcius Philippus, Marcus Claudius Marcellus, Caius Stertinius, Caius Atinius, Publius Claudius Pulcher, and Lucius Manlius Acidinus, were elected praetors. When the elections were finished, it was resolved, that the consul, Marcus Fulvius, should return into his province to the army;

[3] and to him and his colleague, Cneius Manlius, their command was prolonged for a year. In this year, in pursuance of directions from the decemvirs, a statue of Hercules was set up in his temple, and a gilded chariot with six horses were placed in the Capitol, by Publius Cornelius.

[4] The inscription mentioned, that Publius Cornelius, the consul, ¹ made the offering. Also twelve gilded shields, out of money raised by fines on corn merchants, for raising the market by

[5] hoarding the grain, were dedicated by the curule aediles, Publius Claudius Pulcher and Servius Sulpicius Galba; and Quintus Fulvius Flaccus, the plebeian aedile, having convicted one malefactor, (for the aediles prosecuted separately,) dedicated two gilded statues. His colleague, Aulus Caecilius, did not convict any one. The Roman games were exhibited

[6] thrice; the plebeian, five times altogether. Marcus Valerius Messala, and Caius Livius Salinator, after entering into office on the ides of March, consulted the senate concerning the state of the commonwealth,

[7] the provinces, and the armies. With respect to Aetolia and Asia no alteration was made. With regard to the consuls, to the one Pisae, with the Ligurians, is decreed as his province; to the other, Gaul. They were ordered to cast lots

[8] for these, or to settle the matter between themselves, to enrol new armies, two legions for each; and to levy off the allies of the Latin name, fifteen thousand foot, and one thousand two hundred horse. Liguria fell, by lot, to Messala; Gaul, to

[9] Salinator. The praetors then cast lots, and the city jurisdiction fell to Marcus Claudius; the foreign, to Publius Claudius. Quintus Marcius obtained, by lot, Sicily; Caius Stertinius, Sardinia; Lucius Manlius, Hither Spain; Caius Atinius, Farther Spain.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 38.35 focus

[1]

After the meeting of the Council in which the dispute between the Achaeans and the Lacedaemonians took place before the consul, M. Fulvius returned to Rome for the purpose of conducting the elections, as the year was now drawing to a close. M. Aemilius Lepidus, one of the candidates, was a personal enemy of his, and he refused to allow any votes to be cast for him.

[2] The consuls elected were M. Valerius Messala and C. Livius Salinator. The praetors elected were Q. Marcius Philippus, M. Claudius Marcellus, C. Stertinius, C. Atinius, P. Claudius Pulcher and L. Manlius Acidinus.

[3] When the elections were over it was decided that M. Fulvius should return to his army and command, and an extension of office was granted to him and to his colleague Cn. Manlius.

[4] This year P. Cornelius, as directed by the Keepers of the Sacred Books, placed a statue of Hercules and a chariot with six horses, all gilded, in the Capitol.

[5] The inscription stated that it had been given by a consul. Twelve gilt shields were also hung there by the curule aediles P. Claudius Pulcher and Servius Sulpicius Gallus out of the fines levied on corn factors who had been holding back their grain.

[6] Another had been convicted at the instance of the plebeian aedile, on two separate charges, and with this fine he provided two gilt statues. His colleague A. Caecilius had not prosecuted any one. The Roman Games were exhibited three times, the Plebeian Games five times.

[7] Immediately on entering into office on the Ides of March the new consuls consulted the senate on the policy to be pursued in the provinces and the armies.

[8] No change was made with regard to Aetolia or Asia. Pisa and Liguria were assigned to one consul, Gaul to the other.

[9] They were instructed to come to a mutual arrangement, or failing that to ballot, as to which province each should take, and each was to raise afresh army of two Roman legions and 15,000 foot and 1200 cavalry from the Italian allies. Liguria fell to Messala; Gaul to Salinator.

[10] Then the praetors balloted for their commands. The City jurisdiction fell to M. Claudius; the alien to P. Claudius; Sicily to Q. Marcius; Sardinia to C. Stertinius; Hither Spain to L. Manlius; and Further Spain to C. Atinius.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. xxxvii. 2). The apparent purpose of the Achaeans at this time was to weaken their military power, although their pretext has a fairer sound.

2. B.C. 189

3. They were supposed to have been built by the tyrants (XXXIV. xxxviii. 2).

4. Since these men had been banished as a result of party strife, their restoration practically assured the progressive weakening of Lacedaemon by internal political conflict.

5. Probably the territory of the town of Belemina in Tripolis.

6. This Philip was the father of Alexander the Great.

7. B.C. 189

8. The numeral cannot be taken too literally, although it is used again in XXXIX. xxxvii. 5 (in the speech of Lycortas).

9. Livy omits to say how the case was decided. The events described in the preceding chapters (see the note to xxx. 6 above) must all have antedated this meeting, although the chronology is badly confused.

10. Lepidus had been defeated the preceding year (XXXVII. xlvii. 7).

11. Probably Scipio Nasica.

12. The use of consul in such inscriptions would not mean that the donor was consul at the time of the dedication, but merely that he had held the office. The inscription may have existed in Livy's time.

13. B.C. 189

14. The aediles usually acted in unison.

15. B.C. 188

16. The meaning must be that each consul was to have six hundred cavalry. The ratio of cavalry to infantry fluctuates so much that emendation of distributive numerals (twelve hundred cavalry for each) is not justified

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 38.35

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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