Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 37.57

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[1] During the period in which this took place, ambassadors from the Massilienses reported that Lucius Baebius the praetor, who was on his way to Spain, had been surrounded

[2] by the Ligures, that a large part of his retinue had been killed and himself wounded, that he with a few attendants but no lictors had taken refuge at Massilia and had died within three days.¹

[3] The senate, on receiving this news, voted that Publius Junius Brutus, who was propraetor in Etruria, should turn over his province and army to whichever of his lieutenants he saw fit, that he himself should set out for Farther Spain and that this should be his province.

[4] This decree of the senate and these despatches were forwarded by the praetor Spurius Postumius to Etruria, and Publius Junius the propraetor departed for Spain.²

[5] In this province, shortly before his successor arrived, Lucius Aemilius Paulus, who afterwards won great glory by the defeat of King Perseus,³ after fighting unsuccessfully⁴ the previous year, collected an emergency army and engaged in pitched battle with the Lusitani. The enemy was routed and put to flight; eighteen thousand armed men were killed; two thousand three hundred were taken prisoners and the camp was captured.

[6] The fame of this victory made things quieter in Spain.

[7] In the same year, on the third day before the Kalends of January, a Latin colony was established at Bononia by authorization of the senate, by Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Marcus Atilius Serranus and Lucius Valerius Tappo, the board of three appointed for the purpose⁵ Three thousand men were placed there; the cavalrymen received seventy iugera each, the rest of the colonists fifty each.⁶

[8] The land had been taken from the Gallic Boii; the Boii had expelled the Etruscans. In the same year many distinguished men sought the censorship.

[9] As if it contained within itself too little cause for rivalry, it gave rise to a far greater controversy.⁷ The candidates were Titus Quinctius Flamininus, Publius Cornelius Scipio, the son of Gnaeus, Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Marcus Porcius Cato, Marcus Claudius Marcellus, Manius Acilius⁸ Glabrio, who had defeated Antiochus and the Aetolians at Thermopylae.

[10] Towards him particularly, because he had distributed many largesses, by which he had placed a large part of the voters under obligation, the support of the people inclined.

[11] When so many nobles were angered that a new man⁹ should be so far preferred to them, Publius Sempronius Gracchus and Gaius Sempronius Rutilus, tribunes of the people,

[12] laid an accusation against him, that some of the king's money and much of the booty taken in the camp of Antiochus had neither been displayed by him in the triumph nor turned in to the treasury.¹⁰ Conflicting evidence was given by his lieutenants and military tribunes. Marcus Cato was conspicuous as a witness before the rest; but the honour gained in the whole course of his life was diminished by his candidate's dress.¹¹

[13] In his testimony he said that vessels of gold and silver which he had seen in the captured camp along with the rest of the royal booty he had not seen in the triumph.

[14] Finally, in order chiefly to make Cato unpopular, Glabrio said that he would drop his candidature, since, while the nobles

[15] kept silent, though indignant, it was attacked with detestable¹² perjury by one who was as much a new man as himself.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 37.57 focus

[1] per eos dies, quibus haec gesta sunt, legati Massiliensium nuntiarunt L. Baebium praetorem in provinciam Hispaniam proficiscentem ab Liguribus circumventum,

[2] magna parte comitum caesa vulneratur ipsum cum paucis sine lictoribus Massiliam perfugisse et intra triduum exspirasse.

[3] senatus ea re audita decrevit, uti P. Iunius Brutus, qui propraetor in Etruria esset, provincia exercituque traditis uni, cui videretur, ex legatis, ipse in ulteriorem Hispaniam proficisceretur, eaque ei provincia esset.

[4] hoc senatus consultum litteraeque a Sp. Postumio praetore in Etruriam missae sunt, profectusque in Hispaniam est P. Tunius Iunius propraetor.

[5] in qua provincia prius aliquanto, quam successor veniret, L. Aemilius Paulus, qui postea regem Persea magna gloria vicit, cum priore anno haud prospere rem gessisset, tumultuario exercitu collecto signis collatis cum Lusitanis pugnavit.

[6] fusi fugatique hostes; caesa decem octo milia armatorum; duo milia trecenti capti et castra expugnata. huius victoriae fama tranquilliores in Hispania res fecit.

[7] eodem anno ante diem tertium Kal. lanuarias Ianuarias Bononiam Latinam coloniam ex senatus consulto L. Valerius Flaccus M. Atilius Serranus L. Valerius Tappo triumviri deduxerunt.

[8] tria milia hominum sunt deducta; equitibus septuagena iugera, ceteris colonis quinquagena sunt data. ager captus de Gallis Bois fuerat; Galli Tuscos expulerant.

[9] eodem anno censuram multi et clari viri petierunt. quae res, tamquam in se parum magni certaminis causam haberet, aliam contentionem multo maiorem excitavit.

[10] petebant T. Quinctius Flamininus P. Cornelius Cn. F. Scipio L. Valerius Flaccus M. Porcius Cato M. Claudius Marcellus M’. Acilius (labrio, Glabrio, qui Antiochum ad Thermopylas Aetolosque devicerat.

[11] in hunc maxime, quod multa congiaria distribuerat, quibus magnam partem hominum obligarat, favor populi se inclinabat.

[12] id cum aegre paterentur tot nobiles, novum sibi hominem tantum praeferri, P. Sempronius Gracchus et C. Sempronius Rutilus, tribuni plebis, ei diem dixerunt, quod pecuniae regiae praedaeque aliquantum captae in Antiochi castris neque in triumpho tulisset, neque in aerarium rettulisset.

[13] varia testimonia legatorum tribunorumque militum erant. M. Cato ante alios testis conspiciebatur; cuius auctoritatem perpetuo tenore vitae partam toga candida elevabat.

[14] is testis, quae vasa aurea atque argentea castris captis inter aliam praedam regiam vidisset, ea se in triumpho negabat vidisse.

[15] postremo in huius maxime invidiam desistere se petitione Glabrio dixit, quando, quod taciti indignarentur nobiles homines, id aeque novus competitor intestabili periurio incesseret.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 43.23 focus

[1]

Rex cum non ¹ minore vexatione iumentorum hominumque quam venerat in Macedoniam rediit; Appium tamen ab obsidione Phanotes fama ducentis ad Stratum Persei summovit.

[2] Cleuas cum praesidio impigrorum iuvenum insecutus sub radicibus prope inviis montium ² ad mille hominum ex agmine impedito occidit, ad ducentos cepit.

[3] Appius superatis angustiis in campo quem Meleona vocant stativa dierum paucorum habuit. interim Cleuas assumpto Philostrato, qui quingentos ex ³ Epirotarum gente habebat, in agrum Antigonensem transcendit. ⁴ Macedones ad depopulationem profecti;

[4] Philostratus⁵ cum cohorte sua in insidiis loco ⁶ obscuro consedit. in palatos populatores cum erupissent ab Antigonea armati, ⁷ fugientes eos persequentes effusius in vallem insessam ab hostibus praecipitant.

[5] ibi ad mille ⁸ occisis, centum ferme captis, et ubique prospere gesta re prope stativa Appi castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit.

[6] Appius nequiquam in his locis terens tempus, dimissis Chaonum Thesprotorumque ⁹ et si qui alii Epirotae erant praesidiis, cum Italicis militibus in Illyricum regressus, per Parthinorum ¹⁰ socias urbes in hiberna militibus divisis, ¹¹ ipse Romam sacrificii causa redit.

[7] Perseus ex Penestarum gente mille pedites, ducentos equites revocatos Cassandream, praesidio ut essent, misit.

[8] Ab Gentio eadem adferentes redierunt. nec deinde alios atque alios mittendo temptare eum destitit, cum appareret, quantum in eo praesidii esset, nec tamen impetrare ab animo posset, ut impensam in rem maximi ad omnia momenti faceret.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 37.57 focus

[1]

per eos dies, quibus haec gesta sunt, legati Massiliensium nuntiarunt L. Baebium praetorem in provinciam Hispaniam proficiscentem ab Liguribus circumventum,

[2] magna parte comitum caesa vulneratum ipsum cum paucis sine lictoribus Massiliam perfugisse et intra triduum exspirasse.

[3] senatus ea re audita decrevit, uti P. Iunius Brutus , qui propraetor in Etruria esset, provincia exercituque traditis uni, cui videretur, ex legatis, ipse in ulteriorem Hispaniam proficisceretur, eaque ei provincia esset.

[4] hoc senatus consultum litteraeque a Sp. Postumio praetore in Etruriam missae sunt, profectusque in Hispaniam est P. Iunius propraetor.

[5] in qua provincia prius aliquanto, quam successor veniret, L. Aemilius Paulus , qui postea regem Persea magna gloria vicit, cum priore anno haud prospere rem gessisset, tumultuario exercitu collecto signis collatis cum Lusitanis pugnavit.

[6] fusi fugatique hostes; caesa decem octo milia armatorum; duo milia trecenti capti et castra expugnata. huius victoriae fama tranquilliores in Hispania res fecit. ¹

[7] eodem anno ante diem tertium Kal. Ianuarias Bononiam Latinam coloniam ex senatus consulto L. Valerius Flaccus M. Atilius Serranus L. Valerius Tappo triumviri deduxerunt.

[8] tria milia hominum sunt deducta; equitibus septuagena iugera, ceteris colonis quinquagena sunt data. ager captus de Gallis Bois fuerat; Galli Tuscos expulerant.

[9] eodem anno censuram multi et clari viri petierunt. quae res, tamquam in se parum magni certaminis causam haberet, aliam contentionem multo maiorem excitavit.

[10] petebant T. Quinctius Flamininus P. Cornelius Cn. F. Scipio L. Valerius Flaccus M. Porcius Cato M. Claudius Marcellus M'. Acilius Glabrio , qui Antiochum ad Thermopylas Aetolosque devicerat.

[11] in hunc maxime, quod multa congiaria habuerat, quibus magnam partem hominum obligarat, favor populi se inclinabat.

[12] id cum aegre paterentur tot nobiles, novum sibi hominem tantum praeferri, P. Sempronius Gracchus et C. Sempronius Rutilus , tribuni plebis, ei diem dixerunt, quod pecuniae regiae praedaeque aliquantum captae in Antiochi castris neque in triumpho tulisset, neque in aerarium rettulisset.

[13] varia testimonia legatorum tribunorumque militum erant. M. Cato ante alios testis conspiciebatur; cuius ² auctoritatem perpetuo tenore vitae partam toga candida elevabat.

[14] is testis, quae vasa aurea atque argentea castris captis inter aliam praedam regiam vidisset, ea se in triumpho negabat vidisse.

[15] postremo in huius maxime invidiam desistere se petitione Glabrio dixit, quando, quod taciti indignarentur nobiles homines, id aeque novus competitor intestabili periurio incesseret.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 37.57 focus

[1]

During the time in which these things were transacted, deputies from Marseilles announced that Lucius

[2] Baebius, the praetor, on his way into his province of Spain, had been surrounded by the Ligurians;

[3] that a great part of his retinue being slain, he himself, wounded, had made his escape, without his lictors, and with but few

[4] attendants, to Marseilles, and in three days after expired.

[5] The senate, on hearing of this misfortune, decreed, that Publius Junius Brutus, who was the proprietor in Etruria, having delivered the province and army to whichsoever of the lieutenants he should think proper, should

[6] go himself into Farther Spain, which was to be his province.

[7] This decree of the senate and a letter was sent by the praetor, Spurius Posthumius, into Etruria; and Publius Junius, the proprietor, set out for Spain, in

[8] which province, long before a successor could arrive, Lucius Aemilius Paulus, who afterwards with great glory conquered king Perseus, though

[9] he had carried on matters unsuccessfully the year before, having raised an army by a hasty levy, fought a pitched battle with the Lusitanians.

[10] The enemy were routed, and put to flight; eighteen thousand were killed, three thousand three hundred taken, and their camp stormed.

[11] The fame of this victory made matters more tranquil in Spain.

[12] In the same year, on the third day before the calends of January, Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Marcus Atilius Serranus, and Lucius Valerius Tappo, triumvirs, settled a Latin colony at Bononia, according to a decree of the senate.

[13] Three thousand men were led to that place.

[14] Seventy acres were given to each horseman, fifty to each of the other colonists.

[15] The land had been taken from the Boian Gauls, who had formerly expelled the Tuscans.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 37.57 focus

[1]

During this time, deputies from Massilia brought word that the praetor L. Baebius whilst on his way to Spain to take up his command had been intercepted by the Ligurians, a large part of his escort killed and he himself wounded.

[2] He succeeded in escaping with a few followers but without his lictors to Massilia, where after three days he expired.

[3] On receipt of this intelligence the senate decreed that P. Junius Brutus, who was administering Etruria as propraetor, should hand over his government and army to whichever of his lieutenants he decided upon and start at once for Further Spain, which was to be his province.

[4] This decision of the senate and the despatch announcing it were sent to Etruria by the praetor Sp. Postumius, and Publius Junius set out for Spain L. Aemilius Paulus, who

[5] in after years won a great reputation by his defeat of Perseus, had been in charge of this province and the previous year had met with a reverse, but notwithstanding this he raised a force of irregulars and fought a pitched battle with the Lusitanians. The enemy were routed, 18,000 were killed, 2300 made prisoners and their camp stormed.

[6] The report of this victory made matters quieter in Spain. On December 13th of this year the colony of Bononia was founded in pursuance of a senatorial decree, the three commissioners being L. Valerius Flaccus, M. Atilius Serranus and L. Valerius Tappo.

[7] The colonists numbered 3000; the equites received each seventy jugera, the other settlers fifty. The land had been taken from the Boii who had themselves formerly expelled the Etruscans from it.

[8] The censorship this year was an object of ambition with many men of distinction, and as though it were not important enough in itself to excite keen competition, it provoked a still more exciting contest of a different character.

[9] The rival candidates were T. Quinctius Flamininus, P. Cornelius Scipio, L. Valerius Flaccus, M. Porcius Cato, M. Claudius Marcellus and Manius Acilius Glabrio, the conqueror of Antiochus and the Aetolians at Thermopylae.

[10] The last-named was the popular candidate owing to the fact that he had had numerous opportunities of distributing largesse and so had placed a considerable number of men under obligations to him.

[11] Many of the nobility were extremely angry at such preference being shown for a "new man" and two of the tribunes of the plebs, P. Sempronius Gracchus and C. Sempronius Rutilus, fixed a day for his impeachment on the charge of neglecting to carry in his triumphal procession or deposit in the treasury a large part of the royal treasure and the plunder gathered in the camp of Antiochus.

[12] The evidence given by the staff officers and military tribunes was conflicting.

[13] A conspicuous witness who came forward was M. Cato; the authority which he had acquired by the uniform tenor of his life was somewhat impaired by his being a rival candidate for the censorship He gave evidence to the effect that the gold and silver plate which he had noticed amongst the royal booty when the camp was taken, he had not seen in the triumphal procession.

[14] At last Glabrio, mainly with the object of creating odium against him, gave out that he was abandoning his candidature since a competitor who was as much

[15] a "new man" as himself, and therefore the object of silent indignation amongst the nobility, was defaming him by perjured evidence.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. The pacification of Liguria (xlvi. 1 above) was apparently not complete after all, and the senate was wise in refusing Minucius a triumph. Easy triumphs over Liguria were notorious in the time of Cicero ( Brutus 255).

2. B.C. 189

3. Cf. XLIV. xl. ff.

4. Cf. xlvi. 7 above.

5. In xlvi. 10-11 this board was created to establish the new colonists in Placentia and Cremona, and in xlvii. 2 provision was made for two colonies rather than one in this region. Nothing was said there about the composition of the board, and Livy has either confused accounts or tacitly enlarged the jurisdiction of the board.

6. The allotments are unusually large, and the normal ratio of 2: 1 is not maintained.

7. The censorship was in itself a great prize, but at this time it was also the occasion for the prosecution of Glabrio.

8. B.C. 189

9. A novus homo was one whose ancestors had never held any of the major magistracies. The feeling of the aristocracy was probably less bitter in the second century than it was in Livy's time, but it existed then, and the fact that the chief witness, Cato, was another new man did not ease the tension. Speeches of Cato against Glabrio were known to the Romans.

10. In XXXVI. xxxvi. 2 the senate seems to take it for granted that not all the booty would be turned in to the treasury (see the note). It would seem then that the accusation in this case was based on political rather than moral grounds and that it was arranged to keep Acilius out of the race for the censorship.

11. A candidatus was so called because he appeared during a campaign wearing a toga candida. Cato's testimony was partially discredited because the conviction of Acilius would improve Cato's own chances of election.

12. The full force of intestabilis is difficult to convey, since it refers to conduct or character which disqualify the individual from serving as a witness or making a will, that is, from performing the normal functions of a citizen.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 37.57

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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