Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 36.1

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[1] Publius Cornelius Scipio, the son of Gnaeus,¹ and Manius Acilius Glabrio² were inaugurated consuls, and were directed by the

[2] Fathers, before they took up the question of provinces, to perform sacrifices with full-grown victims at all the shrines at which the lectisternium³ was customarily celebrated throughout the greater part of the year, and to offer prayer that what the senate had in mind regarding the new war might turn out well and successfully for the senate and the Roman people.⁴

[3] All these sacrifices were favourable and good omens were obtained from the first victims,⁵ and the interpretation of the haruspices was this, that in this war the boundaries of the Roman people were being enlarged and that victory and a triumph were foreshadowed.

[4] When this had been reported, the Fathers, their minds freed of religious scruples, directed that the question be proposed to the assembly, whether they wished and ordered⁶ war to be entered upon with King Antiochus and those who had followed his path;⁷

[5] if this motion should be adopted, then, if the consuls saw fit, they should lay the whole question before the senate.

[6] Publius Cornelius carried the motion; the senate then decreed that the consuls should cast lots for the provinces of Italy and Greece⁸ ; the one to whom⁹ Greece should be allotted was instructed, in addition to that number of troops which the consul Lucius Quinctius had enlisted or levied for service in that province in accordance with the action of the senate,¹⁰ to take over the army which Marcus Baebius¹¹ the praetor had the year before transported to Macedonia with the authorization of the senate;

[7] he was permitted also, if the situation required it, to accept from the allies outside of Italy for auxiliaries not to exceed five thousand men.

[8] It was the senate's pleasure that Lucius Quinctius, the consul of the preceding year, should be taken to this war as a lieutenant.¹²

[9] The other consul, to whom Italy should have fallen as a province, was ordered to carry on war with the Boii, using whichever he preferred of the two armies which the preceding consuls had had, and to send the other. to Rome, and that these, as reserve legions,¹³ should be ready to move wherever the senate should direct.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 36.1 focus

[1] P. Cornelium Cn. filium Scipionem et M’. Acilium Glabrionem consules inito magistratu patres,

[2] priusquam de provinciis agerent, res divinas facere maioribus hostiis iusserunt in omnibus fanis, in quibus lectisternium maiorem partem anni fieri solet, precarique, quod senatus de novo bello in animo haberet, ut ea res senatui populoque Romano bene atque feliciter eveniret.

[3] ea omnia sacrificia laeta fuerunt, primisque hostiis perlitatum est, et ita haruspices responderunt, eo bello terminos populi Romani propagari, victoriam ac triumphum ostendi.

[4] haec cum renuntiata essent, solutis religione animis patres rogationem ad populum ferri iusserunt,

[5] vellent iuberentne cum Antiocho rege, quique eius sectam secuti essent, bellum iniri; si ea perlata rogatio esset, tum, si ita videretur consulibus,

[6] rem integram ad senatum referrent. P. Cornelius ear eam rogationem pertulit; tum senatus decrevit, ut consules Italiam et Graeciam provincias sortirentur; cui Graecia evenisset, ut praeter eum numerum militum, quem L. Quinctius consul in ear eam provinciam ex auctoritate senatus scripsisset imperassetve,

[7] ut eum exercitum acciperet, quem M. Baebius praetor anno priore ex senatus consulto in Macedoniam traiecisset;

[8] et extra Italiam permissum, ut, si res postulasset, auxilia ab sociis ne supra quinque milium numerum acciperet. L. Quinctium superioris anni consulem legari ad id bellum placuit.

[9] alter consul, cui Italia provincia evenisset, cum Bois iussus bellum gerere utro exercitu mallet ex duobus, quos superiores consules habuissent, alterum ut mitteret Romam, eaeque urbanae legiones essent paratae quo senatus censuisset.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 30.1 focus

[1]

CN. SERVILIUS et C. Servilius consules—sextus ¹ decimus is annus belli Punici erat—cum de re publica belloque et provinciis ad senatum rettulissent,

[2] censuerunt patres ut consules inter se compararent sortirenturve uter Bruttios adversus Hannibalem, uter Etruriam ac Ligures provinciam haberet;

[3] cui Bruttii evenissent exercitum a P. Sempronio acciperet; P. Sempronius—ei quoque enim pro consule ² imperium in annum prorogabatur—P. Licinio succederet.

[4] is Romam reverteretur, bello quoque bonus habitus ad cetera, quibus nemo ea tempestate instructior civis habebatur, congestis omnibus humanis ab natura fortunaque bonis.

[5] nobilis idem ac dives erat; forma viribusque corporis excellebat; facundissimus habebatur seu causa oranda, seu in senatu et apud ³ populum suadendi ac dissuadendi locus esset;

[6] iuris pontificii peritissimus; super haec ⁴ bellicae quoque laudis consulatus compotem fecerat. quod in Bruttiis provincia, idem in Etruria ac Liguribus decretum:

[7] M. Cornelius novo consuli tradere exercitum iussus; ipse prorogato imperio Galliam provinciam obtineret ⁵ cum legionibus iis quas L. Scribonius priore anno habuisset.

[8] sortiti deinde provincias: Caepioni Bruttii, Gemino ⁶ Etruria evenit.

[9] tum praetorum provinciae in sortem coniectae: iuris dictionem urbanam Paetus Aelius, Sardiniam P. Lentulus, Siciliam ⁷ P. Villius, Ariminum cum duabus legionibus—sub Sp. Lucretio eae fuerant —Quinctilius Varus est sortitus.

[10] et Lucretio prorogatum imperium, ut Genuam oppidum a Magone Poeno dirutum exaedificaret. P. Scipioni non temporis, sed rei gerendae fine, donec debellatum in Africa foret, prorogatum imperium est;

[11] decretumque ut supplicatio fieret, quod is in Africam provinciam traiecisset, ut ea res salutaris populo Romano ipsique duci atque exercitui esset.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 36.1 focus

[1]

P. Cornelium Cn. filium Scipionem et M’. Acilium Glabrionem consules inito magistratu patres,

[2] priusquam de provinciis agerent, res divinas facere maioribus hostiis iusserunt in omnibus fanis, in quibus lectisternium maiorem partem anni fieri ¹ solet, precarique, quod senatus de novo bello in animo haberet, ut ea res senatui populoque Romano bene atque feliciter eveniret.

[3] ea omnia sacrificia laeta fuerunt, primisque hostiis perlitatum est, et ita haruspices responderunt, eo bello terminos populi Romani propagari, victoriam ac triumphum ostendi.

[4] haec cum renuntiata essent, solutis religione animis patres rogationem ad populum ferri iusserunt,

[5] vellent iuberentne cum Antiocho rege, quique eius sectam secuti essent bellum iniri; si ea perlata rogatio esset, tum, si ita videretur consulibus, rem integram ad senatum referrent.

[6] P. Cornelius eam rogationem pertulit; tum senatus decrevit, ut consules Italiam et Graeciam provincias sortirentur, cui Graecia evenisset, ut praeter eum numerum militum, quem L. Quinctius consul in eam provinciam ex auctoritate senatus scripsisset imperassetve,

[7] ut eum exercitum acciperet, quem M. Baebius praetor anno priore ex senatus consulto in Macedoniam traiecisset;

[8] et extra Italiam permissum, ut, si res postulasset, auxilia ab sociis ne supra quinque milium numerum acciperet. L. Quinctium superioris anni consulem legari ad id bellum placuit.

[9] alter consul, cui Italia provincia evenisset, cum Bois iussus bellum gerere utro exercitu mallet ex duobus, quos superiores consules habuissent, alterum ut ² mitteret Romanam, eaeque urbanae legiones essent paratae quo senatus censuisset.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 36.1 focus

[1]

PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO, son of Cneius, and Manius Acilius Glabrio, the consuls, on their assuming the administration, were ordered by

[2] the senate, before they settled any thing respecting their provinces, to perform sacrifices, with victims of the greater kinds, at all the shrines, where the Lectisternium was usually celebrated for the greater part of the year; and to offer prayers, that the business which the state had in contemplation, concerning a new war, might terminate prosperously and happily for the senate and people of Rome.

[3] At every one of those sacrifices, appearances were favourable, and the propitious omens were found in the first victims. Accordingly, the auspices gave this answer: —That, by this war, the boundaries of the Roman empire would be enlarged; and that victory and triumph were portended.

[4] When this answer was reported, the senate, having their minds now freed from superstitious fears, ordered this question to be proposed to the people;

[5]

Was it their will, and did they order, that war should be undertaken against king Antiochus, and all who should join his party?

And that if that order passed, then the consuls were, if they thought proper, to lay the business entire before the senate.

[6] Publius Cornelius got the order passed; and then the senate decreed, that the consuls should cast lots for the provinces of Italy and Greece; that he to whose lot Greece fell, should, in addition to the number of soldiers enlisted and raised from the allies by Quinctius for that province, pursuant to a decree of the senate, take under his command that army, which, in the

[7] preceding year, Marcus Baebius, praetor, had, by order of the senate, carried over to Macedonia. Permission was also granted him, to receive succours from the allies, out of Italy, if circumstances should so require, provided their number did not exceed five thousand.

[8] It was resolved, that Lucius Quinctius, consul of the former year, should be commissioned as a lieutenant-general in that war.

[9] The other consul, to whom Italy fell, was ordered to carry on the war with the Boians, with whichever he should choose of the two armies commanded by the consuls of the last year; and to send the other to Rome; and these were ordered to be the city legions, and ready to march to whatever place the senate should direct.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 36.1 focus

[1]

On entering upon their office the new consuls, P. Cornelius Scipio and Manius Acilius Glabrio, were instructed by the

[2] senate to make it their first business before balloting for their provinces to sacrifice adult victims in all the temples in which for the greater part of the year there was a lectisternium and to offer up special prayers that the intention of the senate to undertake a fresh war might bring prosperity and happiness to the senate and people of Rome.

[3] All these sacrifices were performed without anything untoward occurring, and in the victims which were first offered the omens were entirely favourable. The haruspices accordingly assured the consuls that the boundaries of Rome would be extended by this war and that everything pointed to victory and triumph.

[4] When this report was laid before the senate their minds were at rest so far as the sanctions of religion

[5] were concerned and they ordered the question to be submitted to the people, "Whether it was their will and intention that war should be undertaken against Antiochus and those who were of his party?"

[6] If this proposal were carried, the consuls, if they thought fit, were to bring the matter afresh before the senate. P. Cornelius put the question to the people, and it was carried; the senate then decreed that the consuls should ballot for the provinces of Greece and Italy.

[7] The one to whom Greece was allotted was to take over the army which by order of the senate L. Quinctius had raised from Roman citizens and allies for service in that province, and in addition the army which M. Baebius had with the authority of the senate taken to Macedonia.

[8] He was also commissioned to take up reinforcements of not more than 5000 men from the allies outside Italy. It was further decided that L. Quinctius should be appointed second in command for this war.

[9] The other consul to whom Italy was allotted was instructed to conduct operations against the Boii with whichever army he preferred of the two which the late consuls had, and to send the other to Rome to form the City legions and be ready to go wherever the senate thought fit.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. B.C. 191

2. For their election cf. XXXV. xxiv. 5.

3. The lectisternium was a festival at which the images of the gods were exposed on couches (hence lecti-) on the streets and were served with food.

4. For the formula cf. XXI. v. 4.

5. The entrails of the victims were inspected; if the first animal sacrificed did not yield a favourable result the ceremony was repeated until good omens were secured.

6. For the formula cf. XXXI. vi. 1.

7. Cf. XXXV. xlix. 5; the alliterative phrase has a half-proverbial sound.

8. In XXXV. xli. 3 one province was left undetermined; the conduct of the war against Antiochus is now specifically named as that province, though the designation

Greece

is somewhat vague. (Livy's method separates events which probably were close together in time. In XXXV. xxiv. the imminence of the war demanded an early election; in XXXV. xli. the question of the provinces was under consideration, but the decision is reported only here.)

9. B.C. 191

10. Cf. XXXV. xli. 5.

11. Cf. XXXV. xxiv. 7.

12. Nothing more is heard of this proposal, and in xvii. 1 two other legati are mentioned. It has been reported (in XXXV. xxiii. 5) that Titus Quinctius was one of five legati sent to Greece to exercise auctoritas, and Plutarch ( Flamininus xvii) speaks of him as legatus to Acilius. It is therefore probable that the sources confused the two Quinctii and that thus the tradition came into existence that one of them had been legatus to Acilius.

13. The urbanae legiones were normally new troops. The drafts for the year had been heavy, and, since Minucius also was in Gaul (XXXV. xx. 6), the forces there seemed sufficient. This gave Rome a mobile reserve of veterans.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 36.1

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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