Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 35.10

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[1] It was now the end of the year, and canvassing at the consular election was more spirited than ever before.¹

[2] The candidates were many and influential, patricians and plebeians,² Publius Cornelius³ Scipio, the son of Gnaeus, who had recently returned from Spain after performing great deeds,⁴ and Lucius Quinctius Flamininus, who had commanded the fleet in Greece,⁵ and Gnaeus Manlius Volso;⁶ these were the patricians;

[3] the plebeians now were Gaius Laelius,⁷ Gnaeus Domitius,⁸ Gaius Livius Salinator,⁹ and Manius Acilius.¹⁰

[4] But the eyes of all men were turned upon Quinctius and Cornelius; for both were patricians, contending for one place, and recently-won military glory lent favour to each. But before all else, the brothers of the candidates¹¹ increased their rivalry, since they were the two most celebrated commanders of their age.

[5] The greater fame was Scipio's, and the greater it was, the more it was exposed to jealousy; that of Quinctius was fresher, inasmuch as he had triumphed that very year.¹²

[6] There was also the fact that the other had been for about ten years constantly in the public eye, a fact which renders prominent men less venerated from sheer surfeit of seeing them: he had been consul for the second time after the defeat of Hannibal and censor;¹³ in the case of Quinctius, everything was new and fresh for winning favour;

[7] he had neither asked anything from the people since his triumph nor obtained anything. He said that he was campaigning for a real brother, not a cousin, for his lieutenant and a sharer in the conduct of the¹⁴ war;

[8] he on land, his brother on the sea, had conducted the operations.

[9] By such arguments he brought it to pass that his brother was preferred to the candidate whom his brother, Africanus, favoured, whom the Cornelian gens supported, while a consul Cornelius presided at the election, and who was honoured with so powerful a preliminary recommendation from the senate, which chose him as the best man of the state to receive the Idaean Mother when she came from Pessinus to Rome.¹⁵

[10] Lucius Quinctius and Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus were chosen consuls: so little weight did Africanus have even in the selection of the plebeian consul, although he was working for Gaius Laelius.

[11] The next day the praetors were chosen, Lucius Scribonius Libo, Marcus Fulvius Centumalus, Aulus Atilius Serranus, Marcus Baebius Tamphilus, Lucius Valerius Tappo, Quintus Salonius Sarra.

[12] The aedileship of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Lucius Aemilius Paulus was notable that year; they condemned many grazers;¹⁶ out of the fines they set up gilded shields on the roof of the temple of Jupiter, constructed one portico outside the Porta Trigemina, adding a wharf on the Tiber, and another portico from the Porta Fontinalis to the altar of Mars, where the way led into the Campus Martius.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 35.10 focus

[1] in exitu iam annus erat, et ambitio magis quam umquam alias exarserat consularibus comitiis. multi et potentes petebant patricii plebeique, P. Cornelius Cn.

[2] filius Scipio, qui ex Hispania provincia nuper decesserat magnis rebus gestis, et L. Quinctius Flamininus, qui classi in Graecia praefuerat, et Cn. Manlius Volso;

[3] hi patricii; plebei autem C. Laelius, Cn. Domitius,

[4] C. Livius Salinator, M’. Acilius. sed omnium oculi in Quinctium Corneliumque coniecti; nam et in unum locum petebant ambo patricii, et rei militaris gloria recens utrumque commendabat.

[5] ceterum ante omnia certamen accendebant fratres candidatorum, duo clarissimi aetatis suae imperatores. maior gloria Scipionis, et quo maior, eo propior invidiam; Quincti recentior,

[6] ut qui eo anno triumphasset. accedebat, quod alter decimum iam prope annum adsiduus in oculis hominum fuerat, quae res minus verendos magnos homines ipsa satietate facit, consul iterum post devictum Hannibalem censorque fuerat;

[7] in Quinctio nova et recentia omnia ad gratiam erant; nihil nec petierat a populo post triumphum nec adeptus erat.

[8] pro fratre germano, non patrueli se petere aiebat, pro legato et participe administrandi belli;

[9] se terra, fratrem mari rem gessisse. his obtinuit, ut praeferretur candidato, quem Africanus frater ducebat, quem Cornelia gens Cornelio consule comitia habente, quem tantum praeiudicium senatus, virum e civitate optimum iudicatum, qui matrem Idaeam Pessinunte venientem in urbem acciperet.

[10] L. Quinctius et Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus consules facti: adeo ne in plebeio quidem consule,

[11] cum pro C. Laelio niteretur, Africanus valuit. postero die praetores creati L. Scribonius Libo M. Fulvius Centumalus A. Atilius Serranus M. Baebius Tamphilus L. Valerius Tappo Q. Salonius Sarra. aedilitas insigms insignis eo anno fuit M. Aemilii Lepidi et L. Aemilii Pauli;

[12] multos pecuarios damnarunt; ex ea pecunia clipea inaurata in fastigio lovis Iovis aedis posuerunt, porticum unam extra portam Trigeminam, emporio ad Tiberim adiecto, alteram ab porta Fontinali ad Martis aram, qua in Campum iter esset, perduxerunt.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 30.10 focus

[1]

inde , cum maxime vallum Romani iacerent, conspecta classis hostium est Uticam a Carthagine petens.

[2] igitur omisso opere pronuntiatum iter signaque raptim ferri sunt coepta, ne naves in terram et obsidionem versae ac minime navali proelio aptae opprimerentur:

[3] qui enim restitissent agili et nautico ¹ instrumento aptae et armatae classi naves tormenta machinasque portantes et aut in onerariarum usum versae aut ² ita adpulsae muris ut pro aggere ac pontibus praebere ascensum ³ possent?

[4] itaque Scipio, postquam eo ventum est, contra quam ⁴ in navali certamine solet, rostratis quae praesidio aliis esse poterant ⁵ in postremam aciem receptis prope terram terrain ,

[5] onerariarum quadruplicem ordinem pro muro adversus hostem opposuit, easque ipsas, ne in tumultu pugnae turbari ordines possent, malis antemnisque de nave in navem traiectis ac validis funibus velut uno inter se vinculo inligatis conprendit, tabulasque superinstravit, ⁶

[6] ut pervium in totum navium ⁷ ordinem esset, ⁸ et sub ipsis pontibus intervalla fecit, qua procurrere speculatoriae naves in hostem ac tuto recipi possent.

[7] his raptim pro tempore instructis mille ferme delecti propugnatores onerariis imponuntur; telorum maxime ⁹ missilium, ut quamvis longo certamini ¹⁰ sufficerent, vis ingens congeritur.

[8] ita parati atque intenti hostium adventum opperiebantur.

Carthaginienses , qui, si maturassent, omnia ¹¹ permixta turba trepidantium primo impetu oppressissent, ¹²

[9] perculsi terrestribus cladibus atque inde ne ¹³ mari quidem, ubi ipsi plus poterant, satis fidentes, die segni navigatione absumpto sub occasum solis in portum—Rusucmona Afri vocant—classem adpulere.

[10] postero die sub ortum solis instruxere ab alto naves velut ad iustum proelium navale et tamquam exituris contra Romanis.

[11] cum diu stetissent, postquam nihil moveri ab hostibus viderunt, tum demum onerarias adgrediuntur.

[12] erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium. altitudine aliquantum onerariae superabant;

[13] ex rostratis Poeni vana pleraque, utpote supino iactu, tela in locum superiorem mittebant; gravior ac pondere ipso libratior superne ex onerariis ictus erat.

[14] speculatoriae naves ac levia alia ¹⁴ navigia, quae sub constratis pontium per intervalla excurrebant, primo ipsae tantum ¹⁵ impetu ac magnitudine rostratarum obruebantur;

[15] deinde propugnatoribus quoque incommodae erant, quod permixtae cum hostium navibus inhibere saepe tela cogebant metu ne ambiguo ictu suis inciderent.

[16] postremo asseres ferreo unco praefixi—harpagones vocat ¹⁶¹⁷ miles ¹⁸ —ex Punicis navibus inici in Romanas coepti.

[17] quos cum neque ipsos neque catenas quibus suspensi iniciebantur incidere possent, ut quaeque retro inhibita rostrata onerariam haerentem unco traheret, scindi videres vincula quibus aliis ¹⁹ innexa erat,

[18] seriem etiam ²⁰ simul plurium navium trahi.

[19] hoc maxime modo lacerati primi quidem ordinis ²¹ pontes, et vix transiliendi in secundum ordinem navium spatium propugnatoribus datum est.

[20] sexaginta²² ferme onerariae puppibus abstractae Carthaginem sunt. Maior quam pro re laetitia, sed ²³ eo gratior quod inter adsiduas clades ac lacrimas unum quantumcumque ex insperato gaudium adfulserat,

[21] cum eo ut appareret haud procul exitio fuisse Romanam classem, ni cessatum a praefectis suarum navium foret et Scipio in tempore subvenisset.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 35.10 focus

[1]

in exitu iam annus erat, et ambitio magis quam umquam alias exarserat consularibus comitiis. multi et potentes petebant patricii plebeique,

[2] P. Cornelius Cn. filius Scipio , qui ex Hispania provincia nuper decesserat magnis rebus gestis, et L. Quinctius Flamininus , qui classi in Graecia praefuerat, et Cn. Manlius Volso ;

[3] hi patricii; plebeii autem C. Laelius , Cn. Domitius , C. Livius Salinator , M’

[4] . Acilius. sed omnium oculi in Quinctium ¹ Corneliumque coniecti: nam et in unum locum petebant ambo patricii, et rei militaris gloria recens utrumque commendabat.

[5] ceterum ante omnia certamen accendebant fratres candidatorum, duo clarissimi aetatis suae imperatores. maior gloria Scipionis, et quo maior, eo propior invidiam; Quincti recentior, ut qui eo anno triumphasset,

[6] accedebat, quod alter decimum jam prope annum adsiduus in oculis hominum fuerat, quae res minus verendos magnos homines ipsa satietate facit, consul iterum post devictum Hannibalem censorque fuerat;

[7] in Quinctio nova et recentia omnia ad gratiam erant; nihil nec petierat a populo post triumphum nec adeptus erat.

[8] pro fratre germano, non patrueli se petere aiebat, pro legato et participe administrandi belli; se terra, fratrem mari rem gessisse.

[9] his obtinuit, ut praeferretur candidato, quem Africanus frater ducebat, quem Cornelia gens Cornelio consule comitia habente, quem tantum praeiudicium senatus, virum e civitate optimum iudicatum, qui matrem Idaeam ² Pessinunte venientem in urbem acciperet.

[10] L. Quinctius et Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus consules facti: adeo ne in plebeio quidem consule, cum pro C. Laelio niteretur, Africanus valuit.

[11] postero die praetores creati L. Scribonius Libo M. Fulvius Centumalus A. Atilius Serranus M. Baebius Tamphilus L. Valerius Tappo Q. Salonius Sarra . aedilitas insignis eo anno fuit M. Aemilii Lepidi et L. Aemilii Pauli ;

[12] multos pecuarios damnarunt; ex ea pecunia clipea inaurata in fastigio Iovis aedis posuerunt, porticum unam extra portam Trigeminam, emporio ad Tiberim adiecto, alteram ab porta Fontinali ad Martis aram, qua in Campum iter esset, perduxerunt.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 35.10 focus

[1]

The year was now near a close, and with regard to the election of consuls, emulation was more fiercely kindled than was ever known before.

[2] The candidates, both patrician and plebeian, were many and powerful: Publius Cornelius Scipio, son to Cneius, and who had lately come home from Spain, having performed great exploits; Lucius Quinctius Flamininus, who had commanded the fleet in Greece; and

Cneius Manlius Vulso; these were the patricians.

[3] Then there were, of plebeian rank, Caius Laelius, Cneius Domitius, Caius Livius Salinator, and Manius Acilius.

[4] The eyes of all men were turned on Quinctius and Cornelius; for, being both patricians, they sued for one place; and they were both of them recommended by high and recent renown in war. Above every thing else, the brothers of the candidates, the two most illustrious generals of the age, increased the violence of the struggle.

[5] Scipio's fame was the more splendid, and in proportion to its greater splendour, the more obnoxious to envy. That of Quinctius was the most recent, as he had triumphed in the course of that very same year.

[6] Besides, the former had now for almost ten years been continually in people's sight; which circumstance, by the mere effect of satiety, causes great characters to be less revered. He had been a second time consul after the final defeat of Hannibal, and also censor.

[7] All Quinctius's claims to the favour of the public were fresh and new; since his triumph, he had neither asked nor received any thing from the people;

he solicited,

he said,

in favour of his own brother, not of a half-brother; in favour of his lieutenant-general, and partner in the administration of the war;

[8]

his brother having conducted the operations by sea, while he did the same on land.

By these arguments he carried his point.

[9] His brother was preferred to the brother of Africanus, though supported by the whole Cornelian family, and while one of the same family presided at the election, and notwithstanding the very honourable testimony given by the senate, in his favour, when it adjudged him to be the best man in the state: and as such, appointed him to receive the Idaean Mother into the city, when she was brought from Pessinus.

[10] Lucius Quinctius and Cneius Domitius Ahenobarbus were elected consuls; so that, not even with respect to the plebeian consul, could Africanus prevail; for he employed his interest in favour of Caius Laelius.

[11] Next day were elected praetors, Lucius Scribonius Libo, Marcus Fulvius Centumalus, Aulus Atilius Serranus, Marcus Baebius Tamphilus, Lucius Valerius Tappus, and Quintus Salonius Sarra. The aedileship of this year was highly distinguished, namely, that of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Lucius Aemilius Paulus. They prosecuted to conviction many of the farmers of the public pastures, and with the money accruing from the fines, placed gilded shields in the upper part of the temple of Jupiter.

[12] They built one colonnade, on the outside of the gate Tergemina, to which they added a wharf on the Tiber: and another, reaching from the Frontinal gate to the altar of Mars, to serve as a passage into the field of Mars.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 35.10 focus

[1]

The year was now drawing to a close and the canvassing for the consular elections was keener than had ever been known before. There were many strong candidates, both patrician and plebeian, in the field.

[2] The patrician candidates were P. Cornelius, the son of Cneius Scipio, who had lately returned from his province in Spain with a brilliant record; L. Quinctius Flamininus, who had commanded the fleet off Greece, and Cn. Manlius Volso.

[3] The plebeian candidates were C. Laelius, Cn. Domitius, C. Livius Salinator and Manius Acilius.

[4] But all men's eyes were turned to Quinctius and Cornelius, for as they were both patricians they were competing for the same place and they each possessed strong recommendations, for each had covered himself with military glory. But it was the brothers of the two candidates who most of all made the contest such an exciting one, for they were the two most brilliant commanders of their day.

[5] Scipio had the more splendid reputation, but its very splendour exposed him all the more to jealousy; Quinctius' reputation was of more recent growth, as his triumph had been celebrated during the year.

[6] Moreover, the former had been continually before the public eye for nearly ten years, a circumstance which tends to diminish the reverence felt for great men as people become surfeited with their praises. He had been made consul for the second time after his final defeat of Hannibal, and also censor.

[7] In the case of Quinctius, all his claims to popular favour were founded upon his recent successes; since his triumph he had not sought for nor received anything from the people.

[8] He said that he was canvassing for his own brother, not for a step-brother; for one who had as lieutenant shared with him the management of the war; whilst he commanded on land his brother commanded at sea.

[9] By these arguments he succeeded in beating his competitor, though his competitor was supported by his brother Africanus, by the house of the Cornelii-it was a Cornelius who was conducting the election-and by the splendid testimonial which the senate gave when they pronounced Africanus to be the best man among all the citizens and most worthy to receive the Mater Idaea on her arrival from Pessinus.

[10] L. Quinctius and Cneius Domitius Ahenobarbus were the two elected, so that even in the case of the plebeian candidate C. Laelius, Scipio, who had been working for him, was unable to secure his return.

[11] The next day the praetors were elected. The successful candidates were L. Scribonius Libo, M. Fulvius Centumalus, A. Atilius Serranus, M. Baebius Tamphilus, L. Valerius Tappo and Q. Salonius Sarra. M. Aemilius Lepidus and L. Aemilius Paulus distinguished themselves as aediles this year. They inflicted fines on a large number of graziers, and out of the proceeds they had gold-plated shields made, which they placed on the pediment of the temple of Jupiter.

[12] They also built an arcade outside the Porta Trigemina, and in connection with it a wharf on the Tiber, and a second arcade leading from the Porta Fontinalis to the altar of Mars in the Campus Martius.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. Probably for this reason we have an unusually detailed account of the campaign and we get a clear impression of the arguments employed.

2. The Licinian-Sextian legislation of 367 B.C. provided that one consul must be a plebeian and both might be. It was customary to elect one from each order.

3. B.C. 193

4. Cf. i. 3 ff. above.

5. Cf. XXXII. xvi. 9, etc.

6. He had been praetor in 195 B.C. (XXXIII. xlii. 7).

7. Laelius was the most intimate friend of Scipio Africanus. He had entered politics late and had been praetor in 196 B.C. (XXXIII. xxiv. 2).

8. He was praetor in 194 B.C. (XXXIV. xlii. 4).

9. Probably, but not certainly, the man mentioned in v. 8 above.

10. He had been plebeian aedile in 197 B.C. (XXXIII. xxv. 2). The circumstantial quality of Livy's details increases our confidence in his accuracy in the account of the campaign.

11. Africanus and Nasica were actually cousins, but Roman nomenclature is sometimes slightly vague on such points. The Flaminini were real brothers, as the antithesis in sect. 8 ( fratre germano non patrueli) shows.

12. Cf. XXXIV. lii. 4 ff.

13. His second consulship was in 194 B.C., his censorship in 198 B.C.

14. B.C. 193

15. Cf. XXIX. xiv. 8.

16. I.e., for trespassing on public lands which they had not leased: cf. e.g., XXXIII. xlii. 10.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 35.10

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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