Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 33.42

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[1] At Rome, in this year for the first time, the tresviri epulones¹ were elected — Gaius Licinius Lucullus, tribune of the people, who had proposed the law for their election, Publius Manlius, and Publius Porcius Laeca. These triumvirs, like the pontiffs, were given the right to wear the toga praetexta.²

[2] But a bitter struggle broke out that year between the whole body of priests and the city quaestors,³ Quintus Fabius Labeo and Lucius Aurelius.

[3] Money was needed because it had been decided to pay to the private lenders the last instalment of the money contributed for the war.⁴

[4] The quaestors demanded it of the augurs and pontiffs because they had not paid the taxes during the war. The priests appealed in vain to the tribunes of the people, and the money was collected for the whole period in which it had not been paid.⁵

[5] In the same year two pontiffs died and new ones were appointed in their place, the consul Marcus Marcellus to replace Gaius Sempronius Tuditanus, who had fallen while serving as praetor in Spain, and Lucius Valerius Flaccus in place of Marcus Cornelius Cethegus.

[6] -⁶ Quintus Fabius Maximus the augur also died while still a young man, before he had held any public office, and this year no augur was chosen in his stead.

[7] Marcus Marcellus the consul presided over the consular elections, and Lucius Valerius Flaccus and Marcus Porcius Cato were announced as successful. Then the praetors were chosen, Gnaeus Manlius Volso, Appius Claudius Nero, Publius Porcius Laeca, Gaius Fabricius Luscinus, Gaius Atinius Labeo, and Publius Manlius.

[8] In that year the curule aediles, Marcus Fulvius Nobilior and Gaius Flaminius, distributed to the people one million measures of grain at two asses per measure. The Sicilians had brought this to Rome as a mark of respect to Gaius Flaminius himself and to his father; Flaminius had shared the credit for it with his colleague. The Roman Games were celebrated splendidly and were thrice repeated entire.

[9] The plebeian aediles, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Gaius Scribonius Curio, brought many grazers⁷ to trial before the people; three of them were convicted, and out of the money paid by them as fines they built a temple to Faunus on the Island.⁸

[10] The Plebeian Games were repeated for two days and a banquet held

[11] on the occasion of the games.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 33.42 focus

[1] Romae eo primum anno tresviri epulones facti C. Licinius Lucullus tribunus plebis, qui legem de creandis iis tulerat, et P. Manlius et P. Porcius Laeca. iis triumviris item ut pontificibus lege datum est togae praetextae habendae ius.

[2] sed magnum certamnen certamen cum omnibus sacerdotibus eo anno fuit quaestoribus urbanis, Q. Fabio Labeoni et L. Aurelio.

[3] pecunia opus erat, quod ultimam pensionem pecuniae in bellum collatae persolvi placuerat privatis.

[4] quaestores ab auguribus pontificibusque quod stipendium per bellum non contulissent petebant. ab sacerdotibus tribuni plebis nequiquam appellati, omniumque annorum, per quos non dederant, exactum est.

[5] eodem anno duo mortui pontifices, novique in eorum locum suffecti, M. Marcellus consul in locum C. Semproni Tuditani, qui praetor in Hispania decesserat, et L.

[6] Valerius Flaccus in locum M. Corneli Cethegi. et Q. Fabius Maximus augur mortuus est admodum adulescens, priusquam ullum magistratum caperet; nec eo anno augur in eius locum est suffectus.

[7] comitia inde consularia habita a M. Marcello consule. creati consules L. Valerius Flaccus et M. Porcius Cato. praetores inde facti Cn. Manlius Volso, Ap. Claudius Nero, P. Porcius Laeca, C. Fabricius Luscinus, C. Atinius Labeo, P. Manlius.

[8] eo anno aediles curules, M. Fulvius Nobilior et C. Flaminius, tritici deciens centena milia binis aeris populo discripserunt. id C. Flamini honoris causa ipsius patrisque advexerant Siculi Romam; Flaminius gratiam eius communicaverat cum collega.

[9] ludi Romani et apparati magnifice sunt et ter toti instaurati aediles plebis Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus et C. Scribonius Curio maximus, multos pecuarios ad populi iudicium adduxerunt;

[10] tres ex his condemnati sunt; ex eorum multaticia pecunia aedem in insula Fauji Fauni fecerunt.

[11] ludi plebei per biduum instaurati, et epulum fuit ludorum causa.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 30.42 focus

[1]

tum de legatis Philippi et Carthaginiensium actum.

[2] priores Macedonas introduci placuit; quorum varia oratio fuit, partim purgantium quae questi erant missi ad regem ab Roma legati de populatione sociorum, partim ultro accusantium quidem et socios populi Romani,

[3] sed multo infestius M. Aurelium, quem ex tribus ad se missis legatis dilectu habito substitisse et se bello lacessisse contra foedus et saepe cum praefectis suis signis conlatis pugnasse,

[4] partim ¹ postulantium ut Macedones duxque eorum Sopater, qui apud Hannibalem mercede militassent, tum capti ² in vinclis essent, sibi restituerentur. ³

[5] adversus ea M. Furius, missus ad id ipsum ab Aurelio ex Macedonia, disseruit Aurelium relictum, ne socii populi Romani fessi populationibus vi atque iniuria ad regem deficerent; finibus sociorum non excessisse;

[6] dedisse operam ne impune in agros eorum populatores transcenderent. sopatrum ex purpuratis et propinquis regis esse; eum cum quattuor milibus Macedonum et pecunia missum nuper in Africam esse Hannibali et Carthaginiensibus auxilio.

[7] De his rebus interrogati Macedones cum perplexe responderent, nequaquam ipsi simile ⁴ responsum tulerunt: bellum quaerere regem et, si pergat, propediem inventurum.

[8] dupliciter ab eo foedus violatum, et quod sociis populi Romani iniurias fecerit ac ⁵ bello armisque lacessiverit, et quod hostes auxiliis et pecunia iuverit.

[9] et P. Scipionem recte atque ordine fecisse videri et facere, quod eos qui arma contra populum Romanum ferentes capti sint hostium numero in vinclis habeat, et M. Aurelium e re publica facere,

[10] gratumque id senatui esse quod socios populi Romani, quando iure foederis non possit, ⁶ armis tueatur.

[11] cum hoc tam tristi responso dimissis Macedonibus, legati Carthaginienses vocati. quorum aetatibus ⁷ dignitatibusque conspectis—nam longe primi civitatis erant—tum pro se quisque dicere vere de pace agi.

[12] insignis tamen inter ceteros Hasdrubal erat —Haedum populares cognomine appellabant—, pacis semper auctor adversusque factioni Barcinae.

[13] eo tum plus illi auctoritatis fuit belli culpam in paucorum cupiditatem ab re publica transferenti.

[14] qui cum varia oratione usus esset, nunc purgando crimina, nunc quaedam fatendo, ne impudenter certa negantibus difficilior ⁸ venia esset, nunc monendo etiam patres conscriptos ut rebus secundis modeste ac moderate

[15] uterentur—si se atque Hannonem audissent Carthaginienses et tempore uti voluissent, daturos fuisse pacis condiciones quas tunc tune peterent. raro simul hominibus bonam fortunam bonamque mentem dari;

[16] populum Romanum eo invictum esse quod in secundis rebus sapere et consulere meminerit. et hercule mirandum fuisse, si aliter faceret. ⁹

[17] ex insolentia quibus nova bona ¹⁰ fortuna sit inpotentes laetitiae insanire; populo Romano usitata ac prope iam obsoleta ex victoria gaudia esse, ac plus paene parcendo victis quam vincendo imperium auxisse.

[18] ceterorum miserabilior oratio fuit, commemorantium ¹¹ ex quantis opibus quo reccidissent Carthaginiensium res: nihil iis qui modo orbem prope terrarum ¹² obtinuerint ¹³ armis superesse praeter Carthaginis moenia; his inclusos non terra,

[19] non mari quicquam sui iuris cernere; urbem quoque ipsam ac penates ita habituros, ¹⁴ si non in ea ¹⁵ quoque, quo nihil ulterius sit, saevire populus Romanus velit. ¹⁶

[20] cum flecti misericordia patres appareret, senatorum ¹⁷ unum infestum perfidiae Carthaginiensium succlamasse ferunt per quos deos foedus icturi essent,

[21] cum eos per quos ante ictum esset fefellissent.

per eosdem

inquit Hasdrubal,

quoniam tam infesti sunt foedera violantibus.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 33.42 focus

[1]

Romae eo primum anno tresviri epulones facti C. Licinius Lucullus tribunus plebis, qui legem de creandis iis tulerat, et P. Manlius et P. Porcius Laeca . iis triumviris item ut pontificibus lege datum est togae praetextae habendae ius.

[2] sed magnum ¹ certamen cum omnibus sacerdotibus eo anno fuit quaestoribus urbanis, Q. Fabio Labeoni et L. Aurelio .

[3] pecunia opus erat, quod ultimam pensionem pecuniae in bellum collatae persolvi placuerat privatis.

[5] eodem anno duo mortui pontifices, novique in eorum locum suffecti, M. Marcellus consul in locum C. Semproni Tuditani , qui praetor in Hispania decesserat, et L. Valerius Flaccus in locum M. Corneli Cethegi .

[6] et Q. Fabius Maximus augur mortuus est admodum adulescens, priusquam ullum magistratum caperet; nec eo anno augur in eius locum est suffectus.

[7] comitia inde consularia habita a M. Marcello consule. creati consules L. Valerius Flaccus et M. Porcius Cato . praetores inde ² facti Cn. Manlius Volso , Ap. Claudius Nero , P. Porcius Laeca , C. Fabricius Luscinus, C. Atinius Labeo, P. Manlius .

[8] eo anno aediles curules, M. Fulvius Nobilior et C. Flaminius , tritici deciens centena milia binis aeris populo discripserunt. id C. Flamini honoris causa ipsius patrisque advexerant Siculi Romam;

[9] Flaminius gratiam eius communicaverat cum collega. ludi Romani et apparati magnifice sunt et ter toti instaurati.

[10] aediles plebis, Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus et C. Scribonius Curio [maximus], multos pecuarios ad populi iudicium adduxerunt; tres ex his condemnati sunt; ex eorum multaticia pecunia aedem in insula Fauni fecerunt.

[11] ludi plebei per biduum instaurati, et epulum fuit ludorum causa.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 33.42 focus

[1]

At Rome, in this year, for the first time, were created offices called triumviri epulones;¹ these were Caius Licinius Lucullus, who, as tribune, had proposed the law for their creation, Publius Manlius, and Publius Porcius Laeca. These triumvirs, as well as the pontiffs, were allowed by law the privilege of wearing the purple-bordered gown.

[2] The body of the pontiffs had this year a warm dispute with the city quaestors, Quintus Fabius Labeo and Lucius Aurelius.

[3] Money was wanted; an order having been passed for making the last payment to private persons of that which had been raised for the support of the war;

[4] and the quaestors demanded it from the augurs and pontiffs, because they had not contributed their share while the war subsisted. The priests in vain appealed to the tribunes; and the contribution was exacted for every year in which they had not paid.

[5] During the same year two pontiffs died, and others were substituted in their room: Marcus Marcellus, the consul, in the room of Caius Sempronius Tuditanus, who had been a praetor in Spain; and Lucius Valerius, in the room of Marcus Cornelius Cethegus.

[6] An augur also, Quintius Fabius Maximus, died very young, before he had attained to any public office; but no augur was appointed in his place during that year.

[7] The consular election was then held by the consul Marcellus. The persons chosen were, Lucius Valerius Flaccus and Marcus Porcius Cato. Then were elected praetors, Caius Fabricius Luscinus, Caius Atinius Labeo, Cneius Manlius Vulso, Appius Claudius Nero, Publius Manlius, and Publius Porcius Laeca. The curule aediles, Marcus Fulvius Nobilior and Caius Flaminius, made a distribution to the people of one million pecks of wheat, at the price of two asses.

[8] This corn the Sicilians had brought to Rome, out of respect to Caius Flaminius and his father; and he gave share of the credit to his colleague. The Roman games were solemnized with magnificence, and exhibited thrice entire.

[9] The plebeian aediles, Cneius Domitius Aenobarbus and Caius Scribonius, chief curio, brought many farmers of the public pastures to trial before the people. Three of these were convicted; and out of the money accruing from fines imposed on them, they built a temple of Faunus in the island.

[10] The plebeian games were exhibited for two days, and there was a

[11] feast on occasion of the games.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 33.42 focus

[1]

This year for the first time three epulones were appointed, namely C. Licinius Lucullus, one of the tribunes of the plebs who had got the law passed under which they were appointed, and with him P. Manlius and P. Portius Laeca. They were allowed by law to wear the toga praetexta like the priests.

[2] But a serious dispute broke out this year between the whole body of priests and the City quaestors, Q. Fabius Labeo and P. Aurelius.

[3] The senate had decided that the last repayment of the money subscribed for the Punic War should be made to those who had contributed and money was needed for the purpose.

[4] As the augurs and pontiffs had not made any contribution during the war, the quaestors demanded payment from them.

[5] They appealed in vain to the tribunes of the plebs, and were compelled to pay their quota for every year of the war.

[6] Two pontiffs died during the year; they were succeeded by the consul, M. Marcellus, in place of C. Sempronius Tuditanus, who had died while acting as praetor in Spain, and L. Valerius Flaccus in place of M. Cornelius Cethegus.

[7] The augur Q. Fabius Maximus also died while quite young, before he could hold any magistracy; no successor was appointed during the year.

The consular elections were conducted by M. Marcellus; the new consuls were L. Valerius Flaccus and M. Porcius Cato. The praetors elected were Cn. Manlius Volso, Ap. Claudius Nero P. Porcius Laeca, C. Fabricius Luscinus, C. Atinius Labeo and P. Manlius.

[8] The curule aediles, M. Fulvius Nobilior and C. Flaminius, sold during the year a million modii of wheat to the people at two ases the modius. This wheat was sent by the Sicilians out of regard to C. Flaminius and in honour of his father's memory.

[9] The Roman Games were celebrated with great splendour and repeated on three different days. The plebeian aediles, Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus and C. Scribonius Curio, brought several farmers of State lands before the popular tribunal;

[10] three of these were convicted, and out of the fines imposed they built a temple to Faunus on the Island.

[11] The Plebeian Games lasted two days and there was the usual banquet.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. A college of three (later seven) priests, entrusted with the responsibility of conducting the feasts of the gods (see note on XXXI. viii. 2). Election of members now replaces the older method of co-optation, under which each college filled vacancies in its own ranks.

2. The toga worn by the ordinary citizen was of white or natural-coloured wool. This purple-bordered toga was reserved to boys who had not reached manhood (at which time they put on the ordinary toga) and to civil and religious dignitaries.

3. These were minor magistrates responsible for the care of public funds.

4. See XXXI. xiii. 2-9 and the note.

5. Exemption from the payment of taxes seems not to have been a prerogative of the priesthoods. Perhaps in the confusion of the war period, they had for a time evaded payment, and had continued to do so after the war closed. At this time collection in full of all back-taxes was made: this seems to be the implication of the words omnium annorum.

6. B.C. 196

7. They had probably rented public pasture lands but had trespassed on land which they had not leased.

8. The island in the Tiber was in general sacred to Aesculapius (cf. X. xlvii. 7 for the introduction of this divinity), but other temples were erected there (XXXIV. liii. 7).

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 33.42

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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