Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 33.13

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[1] This council was adjourned, and the next day the king came to the pass which leads to Tempe — this

[2] was the place designated for the meeting — and on the third day a full council of the Romans and allies met him.

[3] There Philip conducted himself with great discretion, and conceding voluntarily those points without which peace could not be obtained, rather than having them wrung from him after argument, he said that he accepted all

[4] the conditions commanded by the Romans or demanded by the allies in the previous conference, and would submit everything else to the judgment of the senate.

[5] Although he seemed in this way to have sealed the lips of even his bitterest enemies, nevertheless, when all were silent, Phaeneas the Aetolian asked,

Well, Philip, do you restore to us at last Pharsalus and Larisa Cremaste and Echinus and Phthiotic Thebes?

[6] When Philip replied that there was no reason why they should not receive them, a dispute over Thebes broke out between the Roman commander and the Aetolians;

[7] for Quinctius maintained that it belonged to the Roman people by the law of war, because at the beginning of the campaign, when

[8] the army had been moved against the town and they had been¹ invited to become friends to the Romans at a time when they had full power to break off relations with the king, they had preferred the alliance with the king to that with the Romans;²

[9] Phaeneas thought it right and in accordance with the military alliance, that what had belonged to the Aetolians before the war should be returned to them, and said that it had been provided in the original treaty, regarding

[10] booty taken in the war, that movables, which could be carried or driven away, should belong to the Romans, and lands and cities should go to the Aetolians.

[11] To this Quinctius replied,

You yourselves broke the rules laid down in that treaty, at the time you deserted us and made peace with Philip.

[12]

But even if that treaty still held, that clause would pertain to cities that had been captured; the Thessalian cities submitted to us of their own accord.

[13] These words were received with applause from all the allies, but to the Aetolians they were unpleasant to hear at the moment, and later on they were the cause of war and, as a result of the war, of great slaughter to the Aetolians.⁴

[14] It was agreed with Philip that he should surrender his son Demetrius and certain of his friends as hostages and pay two hundred talents, and send ambassadors to Rome with respect to other matters; for this purpose a truce of four months was granted. If peace was not obtained from the senate, it was agreed that Philip should recover his hostages and money.

[15] It is said that nothing influenced the Roman commander more strongly to secure a speedy peace⁵ than the ascertained fact that Antiochus was planning war and an invasion of Europe.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 33.13 focus

[1] hoc dimisso concilio postero die rex ad fauces,

[2] quae ferunt in Tempe — is datus erat locus conloquio — , venit; tertio die datur ei Romanorum ac sociorum frequens concilium.

[3] ibi Philippus perquam prudenter iis, sine quibus pax impetrari non poterat, sua potius voluntate omissis quam altercando extorquerentur,

[4] quae priore conloquio aut imperata a Romanis aut postulata ab sociis essent, omnia se concedere, de ceteris senatui permissurum dixit.

[5] quamquam vel inimicissimis omnibus praeclusisse vocem videbatur Phaeneas tamen Aetolus cunctis tacentibus “quid?

[6] nobis” inquit, “Philippe, reddisne tandem Pharsaluna Pharsalum et Larisam Cremasten et Echinum et Thebas Phthias?”

[7] cum Philippus nihil morari diceret, quo minus reciperent, disceptatio inter imperatorem Romanum et Aetolos orta est de Thebis;

[8] nam eas populi Romani iure belli factas esse Quinctius dicebat, quod integris rebus, exercitu ab se admoto, vocati in amicitiar, amicitiam, cum potestas libera desciscendi ab rege esset, regiam societatem Romanae praeposuissent;

[9] Phaeneas et pro societate belli, quae ante bellum habuissent, restitui Aetolis aecum censebat et ita in foedere primo cautum esse,

[10] ut belli praeda rerum, quae ferri agique possent, Romanos, ager urbesque captae Aetolos sequerentur.

[11] “vos” inquit “ipsi” Quinctius “societatis istius leges rupistis, quo tempore relictis nobis cum Philippo pacem fecistis.

[12] quae si maneret, captarum tamen urbium illa lex foret; Thessaliae civitates sua voluntate in dicionem nostram venerunt.”

[13] haec cum omnium sociorum adsensu dicta Aetolis non in praesentia modo gravia auditu, sed mox etiam belli causa magnarumque ex eo cladium iis fuerunt.

[14] cum Philippo ita convenit, ut Demetrium filium et quosdam ex amicorum numero obsides et ducenta talenta daret, de ceteris Romaiu Romam mitteret legatos; ad ear eam rem quattuor mensum indutiae essent.

[15] si pax non impetrata ab senatu foret, obsides pecuniamque reddi Philippo receptum est, causa Romano imperatori non alia maior fuisse dicitur maturandae pacis, quam quod Antiochum bellum transitumque in Europam moliri constabat.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 30.13 focus

[1]

Syphacem in castra adduci cum esset nuntiatum, omnis velut ad spectaculum triumphi multitudo effusa est.

[2] praecedebat ipse vinctus; sequebatur grex nobilium Numidarum. tum quantum quisque plurimum poterat ¹ magnitudini- Syphacis famaeque ² gentis victoriam suam augendo addebat:

[3] illum ilium esse regem cuius tantum maiestati duo ³ potentissimi in terris tribuerint populi, Romanus Carthaginiensisque,

[4] ut Scipio imperator suus ad amicitiam eius petendam, relicta provincia Hispania exercituque, duabus quinqueremibus in Africam navigaverit,

[5] Hasdrubal Poenorum imperator non ipse modo ad eum in regnum venerit, sed etiam filiam ei nuptum dederit. habuisse eum uno tempore in potestate duos imperatores, Poenum Romanumque.

[6] sicut ab dis immortalibus pars utraque hostiis mactandis pacem petisset, ita ab eo utrimque pariter amicitiam petitam.

[7] iam tantas habuisse opes ut Masinissam regno pulsum eo redegerit ut vita eius fama mortis et latebris, ferarum modo in silvis rapto viventis, tegeretur.

[8] his sermonibus circumstantium celebratus rex in praetorium ad Scipionem est perductus. movit et Scipionem cum ⁴ fortuna pristina viri praesenti fortunae conlata, tum recordatio hospitii dextraeque datae et foederis publice ac privatim iuncti.

[9] eadem haec et Syphaci animum dederunt in adloquendo victore. nam cum Scipio quid sibi voluisset quaereret qui non societatem solum abnuisset Romanam, sed ultro bellum intulisset,

[10] tum ille peccasse quidem sese atque insanisse fatebatur, sed non tum demum cum arma adversus populum Romanum cepisset; exitum sui furoris eum ⁵ fuisse, non principium; tum se insanisse,

[11] tum hospitia privata et publica public⁶ foedera omnia ex animo eiecisse, ⁷ cum Carthaginiensem matronam domum acceperit.

[12] illis nuptialibus facibus regiam conflagrasse suam; illam furiam pestemque omnibus delenimentis animum suum avertisse atque alienasse, nec conquiesse donec done ipsa manibus suis nefaria sibi arma adversus hospitem atque amicum induerit.

[13] perdito tamen atque adflicto sibi hoc in miseriis solatii esse, quod in omnium hominum inimicissimi sibi domum ac penates eandem pestem ac furiam transisse videat.

[14] neque prudentiorem ⁸ neque constantiorem Masinissam quam Syphacem esse, etiam ⁹ iuventa incautiorem; certe stultius illum ilium atque intemperantius ¹⁰ eam quam se duxisse.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 33.13 focus

[1]

hoc dimisso concilio postero die rex ad fauces, quae ferunt in Tempe —

[2] is datus erat locus conloquio —, venit; tertio die datur ei Romanorum ac sociorum frequens concilium.

[3] ibi Philippus perquam prudenter iis, sine quibus pax impetrari non poterat, sua potius voluntate omissis quam altercando extorquerentur,

[4] quae priore conloquio aut imperata a Romanis aut postulata ab sociis essent, omnia se concedere, de ceteris senatui permissurum dixit.

[5] quamquam vel inimicissimis omnibus praeclusisse vocem videbatur, Phaeneas tamen Aetolus cunctis tacentibus ‘

[6] quid? nobis’ inquit, ¹ ‘Philippe, reddisne tandem Pharsalum et Larisam Cremasten et Echinum et Thebas Phthias?

[7] ’ cum Philippus nihil morari diceret, quo minus reciperent, disceptatio inter imperatorem Romanum et Aetolos orta est de Thebis;

[8] nam eas populi Romani iure belli factas esse Quinctius dicebat, quod integris rebus, exercitu ab se admoto, vocati in amicitiam, cum potestas libera desciscendi ab rege esset, regiam societatem Romanae praeposuissent;

[9] Phaeneas et pro societate belli, quae ante bellum habuissent, restitui Aetolis aecum censebat et ita in foedere primo cautum esse,

[10] ut belli ² praeda rerum, quae ferri agique possent, Romanos, ager urbesque captae Aetolos sequerentur.

[11] ‘vos’ inquit ‘ipsi’ Quinctius ‘societatis istius leges rupistis, quo tempore relictis nobis cum Philippo pacem fecistis.

[12] quae si maneret, captarum tamen urbium illa lex foret; Thessaliae civitates sua voluntate in dicionem nostram venerunt.’

[13] haec cum omnium sociorum adsensu dicta Aetolis non in praesentia modo gravia auditu, sed mox etiam belli causa magnarumque ex eo cladium iis fuerunt.

[14] cum Philippo ita convenit, ut Demetrium filium et quosdam ex amicorum numero obsides et ducenta talenta daret, de ceteris Romam mitteret legatos;

[15] ad eam rem quattuor mensum indutiae essent. si pax non impetrata ab senatu foret, obsides pecuniamque reddi Philippo receptum est. causa Romano imperatori non alia maior fuisse dicitur maturandae pacis, quam quod Antiochum bellum transitumque in Europam moliri constabat.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 33.13 focus

[1]

The convention was then adjourned; and next day, the king came to the pass at the entrance of Tempè, the place appointed for a conference;

[2] and the third day following was fixed for introducing him to a full assembly of the Romans and allies.

[3] On this occasion Philip, with great prudence, intentionally avoided the mention of any of those conditions, without which peace could not be obtained, rather than suffer them to be extorted after discussion;

[4] and declared, that he was ready to comply with all the articles which, in the former conference, were either prescribed by the Romans or demanded by the allies; and to leave all other matters to the determination of the senate.

[5] Although he seemed to have hereby precluded every objection, even from the most inveterate of his enemies, yet, all the rest remaining silent, Phaeneas, the Aetolian, said to him, —

What!

[6]

Philip, do you at last restore to us Pharsalus and Larissa, with Cremaste, Echinus, and Thebes in Phthiotis?

[7] On Philip answering, that

he would give no obstruction to their retaking the possession of them,

a dispute arose between the Roman general and the Aetolians about Thebes; for Quinctius affirmed, that it became the property of the Roman people by the laws of war;

[8] because when, before the commencement of hostilities, he marched his army thither, and invited the inhabitants to friendship, they, although at full liberty to renounce the king's party, yet preferred an alliance with Philip to one with Rome.

[9] Phaeneas alleged, that, in consideration of their being confederates in the war, it was reasonable, that whatever the Aetolians possessed before it began, should be restored; and that, besides, there was, in the first treaty, a provisional clause of that purport, by which the spoils of war,

[10] of every kind that could be carried or driven, were to belong to the Romans; and that the lands and captured cities should fall to the Aetolians.

[11]

Yourselves,

replied Quinctius,

annulled the conditions of that treaty, at the time when ye deserted us, and made peace with Philip; but supposing it still remained in force, yet that clause could affect only captured cities.

[12]

Now, the states of Thessaly submitted to us by a voluntary act of their own.

[13] — These words were heard by their allies with universal approbation; but to the Aetolians they were both highly displeasing at the present, and proved afterwards the cause of a war, and of many great disasters attending it.

[14] The terms settled with Philip were, that he should give his son Demetrius, and some of his friends, as hostages; should pay two hundred talents; ¹ and send ambassadors to Rome, respecting the other articles: for which purpose there should be a cessation of arms for four months. An engagement was entered into, that, in case the senate should refuse to conclude a treaty, his money and hostages should be returned to Philip.

[15] It is said, that one of the principal reasons which made the Roman general wish to expedite the conclusion of a peace, was, that he had received certain information of Antiochus intending to commence hostilities, and to pass over into Europe.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 33.13 focus

[1]

The council broke up, and on the morrow Philip went to the spot fixed for the conference, which was in the pass leading into Tempe.

[2] The day following a meeting of the Romans and all their allies was convened, before which he appeared.

[3] He showed great prudence in deliberately abstaining from any allusion to those conditions which were regarded as essential, instead of letting them be forced from him in the discussion.

[4] All the concessions which in the former conference the Romans had insisted upon or the allies had demanded he said he would agree to, everything else he would leave to the decision of the senate.

[5] This would seem to have precluded any further demands even from those most hostile to him, and yet Phaeneas broke the general silence by asking, "What?

[6] Philip! Do you at last restore to us Larisa, Cremaste, Echinus and Phthiotic Thebes?"

[7] On Philip replying that he placed no difficulty in the way of their resuming possession of these places, a dispute arose between Quinctius and the Aetolians over Thebes.

[8] Quinctius asserted that it belonged to Rome by the right of war, for before the war broke out he marched there and invited the citizens to enter into friendly relations with him, and whilst they were at full liberty to abandon Philip they preferred his allegiance to that of the Romans.

[9] Phaeneas retorted that it was only just and equitable, considering the part they had taken in the war, that all which the Aetolians possessed before the war should be restored to them.

[10] It was provided by treaty from the very first that the spoils of war, including all movable goods and all livestock and prisoners, should go to the Romans; the conquered cities and territories to the Aetolians.

[11] "You yourselves," replied Quinctius, "broke that treaty when you left us and made peace with Philip.

[12] If it were still in force, it would only apply to the cities which have been captured; the cities of Thessaly have passed into our power of their own free will."

[13] This declaration was approved by all the allies, but created a bitter feeling amongst the Aetolians at the time, and soon led to a war which proved most disastrous to them. It was agreed that Philip should give up his son Demetrius and some of "the friends of the king" as hostages and also pay an indemnity of 200 talents.

[14] With regard to the other matters, he was to send an embassy to Rome and a four months' truce was granted him to enable him to do so.

[15] In case the senate declined to grant terms of peace the agreement was to be cancelled and the hostages and money returned to Philip. The main reason for Quinctius desiring an early peace is alleged to have been the warlike designs of Antiochus and his threatened invasion of Europe.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. B.C. 197

2. The Roman attack on Thebes was described in v. 1-3 above.

3. Whether these arguments are mere hair-splitting cannot be ascertained. In XXVI. xxiv. 8-13 Livy gives in some detail the contents of the treaty of 211 B.C., but does not cover this point (sect. 11 mentions the classification of booty referred to by Phaeneas). Livy's phrase foedere primo suggests a second treaty of which we have no knowledge. In any case, according to the Romans, existing treaties were annulled by the separate peace which the Aetolians had made with Philip.

4. The ill-feeling thus engendered and increased by the resentment of the Aetolians at Rome's settlement with Philip led them, in 193 B.C. (XXXV. xii. 1 ff.), to invite Antiochus to invade Europe. They were not finally subjugated until 189 B.C. (XXXVIII. xi. 1 ff.).

5. B.C. 197

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 33.13

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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