Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 30.19

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[1]

Mago set out in the stillness of the following ¹ night and, lengthening the day's marches as much as he could endure by reason of his wound, he reached the sea in the country of the Ligurian Ingauni. ²

[2] There envoys from Carthage came to him, having put in a few days before into the Gallic Gulf, ³ bringing him orders to cross over to Africa as soon as possible.

[3] His brother Hannibal, they said, would do the same; for to him also envoys had gone bearing the same command; that the Carthaginian state was in no position to hold Gaul and Italy by armed forces.

[4] Mago was not only swayed by the command from the senate and the danger of his city, but also feared that if he delayed the victorious enemy might be upon him, and the Ligurians themselves, seeing that the Carthaginians were abandoning Italy, might go over to the side of those in whose power they would presently be.

[5] Hoping at the same time that motion would be less painful to his wound on shipboard than on the road and everything more convenient for treatment, he embarked his troops and sailed, but had hardly passed Sardinia when he died of his wound. ⁴ In addition a considerable number of the Carthaginian ships, being scattered in the open sea, were captured by the Roman fleet which was off Sardinia.

[6] Such were the events on land and sea in that part of Italy which borders upon the Alps.

[7] The consul Gaius Servilius, who had accomplished nothing that deserves mention in his province of Etruria and in Gaul —for he had advanced into that country as well-rescued from slavery after fifteen ⁵ years his father Gaius Servilius and Gaius Lutatius, ⁶ who had been captured near the village of Tannetum ⁷ by the Boii.

[8] Upon that he returned to Rome escorted by his father on one side and Catulus on the other, gaining distinction for an act that was personal rather than official.

[9] A bill was brought before the people that it should not be a ground for charges against Gaius Servilius that while his father, who had occupied a curule chair, ⁸ was still alive-a fact of which he was unaware-he had been tribune of the plebs and plebeian aedile, contrary to provisions of the laws. ⁹

[10] This bill became a law, whereupon he returned to his province.

As for Gnaeus Servilius, the consul, who was in the land of the Bruttii, Consentia, ¹⁰ Aufugum, Bergae, Baesidiae, Ocriculum, Lymphaeum, Argentanum, Clampetia and many other unimportant communities, came over to his side, seeing that the Punic war was failing.

[11] The same consul engaged in battle with Hannibal in the territory of Croton. The story of that battle is not clear. Valerius Antias ¹¹ says five thousand of the enemy were slain-a victory on such a scale as to have been either shamelessly fabricated or else carelessly passed over.

[12] What is certain is that nothing further was accomplished by Hannibal in Italy. For to him also came emissaries from Carthage to recall him to Africa just at the time, it chanced, that others came to Mago.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 30.19 focus

[1] Mago proximae silentio noctis profectus, quantum pati viae per vulnus poterat itineribus extentis, ad mare in Ligures Ingaunos pervenit.

[2] ibi eum legati ab Carthagine paucis ante diebus in sinum Gallicum adpulsis navibus adierunt iubentes primo quoque tempore in Africam traicere;

[3] id et fratrem eius Hannibalem — nam ad eum quoque isse legatos eadem iubentes — facturum; non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut Galliam atque Italiam armis obtineant.

[4] Mago non imperio modo senatus periculoque patriae motus, sed metuens etiam, ne victor hostis moranti instaret, Liguresque ipsi, relinqui Italiam a Poenis cernentes, ad eos, quorum mox in potestate futuri essent,

[5] deficerent, simul sperans leniorem in navigatione quam in via iactationem vulneris fore et curationi omnia commodiora, impositis copiis in naves profectus, vixdum superata Sardinia ex vulnere moritur. naves quoque aliquot Poenorum disiectae in alto a classe Romana, quae circa Sardiniam erat, capiuntur.

[6] haec terra marique in parte Italiae qua iacet ad Alpes, gesta. consul C. Servilius nulla memorabili re in provincia Etruria Galliaque —

[7] nam eo quoque processerat — gesta, patre C. Servilio et C. Lutatio ex servitute post sextum decimum annum receptis, qui ad vicum Tannetum a Bois capti fuerant,

[8] hinc patre, hinc Catulo lateri circumdatis privato magis quam publico decore insignis Romam rediit.

[9] latum ad populum est, ne C. Servilio fraudi esset, quod patre, qui sella curuli sedisset, vivo, cum id ignoraret, tribunus plebis atque aedilis plebis fuisset, contra quam sanctum legibus erat. hac rogatione perlata in provinciam rediit.

[10] ad Cn. Servilium consulem qui in Bruttiis erat, Consentia, Aufugum, Bergae, Besidiae, Ocriculum, Lymphaeum, Argentanum, Clampetia multique ignobiles populi, senescere Punicum bellum cernentes, defecere.

[11] idem consul cum Hannibale in agro Crotoniensi acie conflixit. obscura eius pugnae fama est. Valerius Antias quinque milia hostium caesa ait; quae tanta res est, ut aut impudenter ficta sit aut neglegenter praetermissa.

[12] nihil certe ultra rei in Italia ab Hannibale gestum; nam ad eum quoque legati ab Carthagine vocantes in Africam iis forte diebus, quibus ad Magonem, venerunt.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Conway, Robert Seymour; Walters, Charles Flamstead; Johnson, Stephen Keymer, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1914-1935. (Oxford Classical Texts)) — 30.19 focus

[1]

Mago proximae silentio noctis profectus quantum pati uiae per uolnus poterat itineribus extentis ad mare in Ligures Ingaunos peruenit.

[2] ibi eum legati ab Carthagine paucis ante diebus in sinum Gallicum adpulsis nauibus adierunt, iubentes primo quoque tempore in Africam traicere;

[3] id et fratrem eius Hannibalem—nam ad eum quoque isse legatos eadem iubentes—facturum; non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res ut Galliam atque Italiam armis obtineant.

[4] Mago non imperio modo senatus periculoque patriae motus sed metuens etiam ne uictor hostis moranti instaret Liguresque ipsi relinqui Italiam a Poenis cernentes ad eos quorum mox in potestate futuri essent deficerent,

[5] simul sperans leniorem in nauigatione quam in uia iactationem uolneris fore et curationi omnia commodiora, impositis copiis in naues profectus uixdum superata Sardinia ex uolnere moritur. naues quoque aliquot Poenorum disiectae in alto ab classe Romana quae circa Sardiniam erat capiuntur.

[6] haec terra marique in parte Italiae quae iacet ad Alpes gesta. consul C. Seruilius , nulla memorabili re in prouincia Etruria Galliaque—nam eo quoque processerat—gesta,

[7] patre C. Seruilio et C. Lutatio ex seruitute post sextum decimum annum receptis qui ad uicum Tannetum a Boiis capti fuerant,

[8] hinc patre hinc Catulo lateri circumdatis priuato magis quam publico decore insignis Romam rediit.

[9] latum ad populum est ne C. Seruilio fraudi esset quod patre qui sella curuli sedisset uiuo, cum id ignoraret, tribunus plebis atque aedilis plebis fuisset contra quam sanctum legibus erat. hac rogatione perlata in prouinciam rediit.

[10] ad Cn. Seruilium consulem, qui in Bruttiis erat, Consentia Aufugum Bergae Baesidiae Ocriculum Lymphaeum Argentanum Clampetia multique alii ignobiles populi senescere Punicum bellum cernentes defecere.

[11] idem consul cum Hannibale in agro Crotoniensi acie conflixit. obscura eius pugnae fama est. Ualerius Antias quinque milia hostium caesa ait, quae tanta res est ut aut impudenter ficta sit aut neglegenter praetermissa.

[12] nihil certe ultra rei in Italia ab Hannibale gestum. nam ad eum quoque legati ab Carthagine reuocantes in Africam, iis forte diebus quibus ad Magonem, uenerunt.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 30.19 focus

[1]

Mago proximae silentio noctis profectus, ¹ quantum pati viae per volnus poterat itineribus extentis, ad mare in Ligures Ingaunos pervenit.

[2] Ibi eum legati ab Carthagine paucis ante diebus in sinum Gallicum adpulsis navibus adierunt, iubentes primo quoque tempore in Africam traicere; ²

[3] id et fratrem eius Hannibalem—nam ad eum quoque isse legatos eadem iubentes—facturum; non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res ut Galliam atque Italiam armis obtineant.

[4] Mago non imperio modo senatus periculoque patriae motus, sed metuens etiam ne victor hostis moranti instaret, Liguresque ipsi, relinqui Italiam a Poenis cernentes, ad eos quorum mox in potestate futuri essent deficerent,

[5] simul sperans leniorem ³ in navigatione quam in via iactationem volneris fore et curationi omnia commodiora, impositis copiis in naves profectus, vixdum superata Sardinia ex volnere moritur. naves quoque aliquot Poenorum disiectae in alto a classe Romana quae circa Sardiniam erat capiuntur.

[6] haec terra marique in parte Italiae quae ⁴ iacet ad Alpes gesta. consul C. Servilius, nulla memorabili re in provincia Etruria Galliaque—nam eo quoque processerat

[7] —gesta, patre C. Servilio et C. Lutatio ⁵ ex ⁶ servitute post sextum decimum annum receptis, qui ad vicum Tannetum a Boiis capti fuerant,

[8] hinc patre, hinc Catulo ⁷ lateri circumdatis privato magis quam publico decore insignis Romam rediit.

[9] latum ad populum est ne C. Servilio fraudi esset quod patre, qui sella curuli sedisset, vivo, cum id ignoraret, tribunus plebis atque aedilis plebis fuisset contra quam sanctum legibus erat. hac rogatione perlata in provinciam rediit.

[10] ad Cn. Servilium consulem, qui in Bruttiis erat, Consentia, Aufugum, Bergae, Baesidiae, Ocriculum, Lymphaeum, Argentanum, Clampetia multique alii ignobiles populi, senescere Punicum bellum cernentes, defecere.

[11] idem consul cum Hannibale in agro Crotoniensi acie conflixit. obscura eius pugnae fama est. Valerius Antias quinque milia hostium caesa ait; quae tanta res est ut aut impudenter ficta sit aut neglegenter praetermissa.

[12] nihil certe ultra rei in Italia ab Hannibale gestum. nam ad eum quoque legati ab Carthagine revocantes ⁸ in Africam, iis forte diebus quibus ad Magonem venerunt. ⁹

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 30.19 focus

[1]

Mago, setting out during the silence of the succeeding night, and marching as far at a time as his wounds would allow him, reached the sea-coast in the territory of the Ingaunian Ligurians.

[2] Here ambassadors from Carthage, who had put into the Gallic bay a few days before, came to him with directions to cross over into Africa with all speed;

[3] informing him that his brother Hannibal, for to him also they said ambassadors had gone with similar directions, would do the same, for the affairs of the Carthaginians were not in a condition to admit of their occupying Gaul and Italy with armies.

[4] Mago, not only influenced by the command of the senate and the danger which threatened his country, but fearful also lest the victorious enemy should be upon him if he delayed, and lest the Ligurians themselves, seeing that the Carthaginians were leaving Italy, should pass over to those under whose power they were likely soon to be placed;

[5] at the same time hoping that his wound would be less irritated by the motion of sailing than marching, and that he would have greater facilities for the cure of it, put his troops on board and set sail. But he had scarcely cleared Sardinia when he died of his wound.

[6] Several also of his ships, which had been dispersed in the main sea, were captured by the Roman fleet which lay near Sardinia. Such were the transactions by sea and land in that part of Italy which is adjacent to the Alps.

[7] The consul, Caius Servilius, without having performed any memorable achievement in Etruria, his province, and in Gaul, for he had advanced thither also, but having rescued from slavery, which they had endured for now the sixteenth year, his father, Caius Servilius, and his uncle,

[8] Caius Lutatius, who had been taken by the Boians at the village of Tanetum, returned to Rome with his father on one side of him and his uncle on the other, distinguished by family, rather than by public, honours.

[9] It was proposed to the people, that Caius Servilius should be indemnified for having filled the offices of plebeian tribune and plebeian aedile contrary to what was established by the laws, while his father, who had sat in the curule chair, was still alive, he being ignorant of that circumstance.

[10] This proposition having been carried, he returned to his province. The towns Consentia, Uffugum, Vergae, Besidiae, Hetriculum, Sypheum, Argentanum, Clampetia, and many other inconsiderable states, perceiving that the Carthaginian cause was declining, went over to Cneius Servilius the consul in Bruttium.

[11] The same consul fought a battle with Hannibal, in the territory of Croto. The accounts of this battle are not clear. Valerius Antias states that five thousand men were slain. But this is an event of such magnitude, that either it must be an impudent fiction, or negligently omitted.

[12] It is certain that nothing further was done by Hannibal in Italy; for ambassadors from Carthage, recalling him into Africa, came to him, as it happened, at the same time that they came to Mago.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 30.19 focus

[1]

Mago withdrew during the night and marching as rapidly as his wound would allow reached that part of the Ligurian coast which is inhabited by the Ingauni.

[2] Here he was met by the deputation from Carthage which had landed a few days previously at Genua.

[3] They informed him that he must sail for Africa at the earliest possible moment; his brother Hannibal, to whom similar instructions had been given, was on the point of doing so. Carthage was not in a position to retain her hold upon Gaul and Italy.

[4] The commands of the senate and the dangers threatening his country decided Mago's course, and moreover there was the risk of an attack from the victorious enemy if he delayed, and also of the desertion of the Ligurians who, seeing Italy abandoned by the Carthaginians, would go over to those in whose power they would ultimately be.

[5] He hoped too that a sea voyage would be less trying to his wound than the jolting of the march had been, and that everything would contribute to his recovery. He embarked his men and set sail, but he had not cleared Sardinia when he died of his wound.

[6] Some of his ships which had parted company with the rest when out at sea were captured by the Roman fleet which was lying off Sardinia. Such was the course of events in the Alpine districts of Italy.

[7] The consul C. Servilius had done nothing worth recording in Etruria, nor after his departure for Gaul. In the latter country he had rescued his father C. Servilius and also C. Lutatius after sixteen years of servitude, the result of their capture by the Boii at Tannetum.

[8] With his father on one side of him and Lutatius on the other he returned to Rome honoured more on personal than public grounds.

[9] A measure was proposed to the people relieving him from penalties for having illegally acted as tribune of the plebs and plebeian aedile while his father who had filled a curule chair was, unknown to him, still alive.

[10] When the bill of indemnity was passed he returned to his province. The consul Cnaeus Servilius in Bruttium received the surrender of several places, now that they saw that the Punic War was drawing to a close.

[11] Amongst these were Consentia, Aufugium, Bergae, Besidiae, Oriculum, Lymphaeum, Argentanum, and Clampetia. He also fought a battle with Hannibal in the neighbourhood of Croto, of which no clear account exists. According to Valerius Antias, 5000 of the enemy were killed, but either this is an unblushing fiction, or its omission in the annalists shows great carelessness.

[12] At all events nothing further was done by Hannibal in Italy, for the delegation summoning him to Africa happened to arrive from Carthage about the same time as the one to Mago.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. B.C. 203

2. Presumably he followed a road leading down to Vada Sabat(i)a, which belonged to the Ingauni, as did Savo (Savona). Cf. pp. 197, n. 3 f.; 225, n. 2. The wounded Mago may have been carried on an elephant. Cf. Hannibal in the Arno valley, XXII. ii. 10 f. Nothing is said of any Roman pursuit.

3. I.e. Gulf of Genoa.

4. No further authority for this statement can be cited. Other sources vary so much that their statements are of no value: that Mago was still in Liguria after Zama (Appian Pun. 49; cf. 59); that after reaching Africa. he was sent back to Italy (Zonaras IX. xiii. 10); that ten years later he perished either in a shipwreck or by the hands of his slaves (Nepos Hann. viii. 1 f.).

5. B.C. 203

6. Son of the victor in 242, he had been consul in 220 B.C. ; Zonaras VIII. xx. 10.

7. They were seized, as Livy himself has it, near Mutina (Modena), but their Gallic captors were unsuccessfully pursued northwestward as far as Tannetum (half-way between Parma and Reggio Emilia). Cf. XXI. xxv. 3, 13; xxvi. 2; XXVII. xxi. 10; Polybius III. xl. 9-13.

8. He had held the praetorship; Polybius l.c. § 9.

9. Cf. Vol. VII. p. 301, n. 1 for one explanation of this restriction placed upon patrician candidates who were under patria potestas. The purpose of the consul's return from his province was that his acts as a magistrate might be legalized.

10. See p. 357, n. 2 (for Clampetia also).

11. Cf. XXVIII. xlvi. 14 and note; XXIX. xxxv. 2; above, iii. 6; below, xxix, 7; xliii. 12 n.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 30.19

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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