Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 29.12

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[1]

In Greece the situation had been ignored in the last two years. Consequently when the Aetolians were abandoned by the Romans, ¹ the one defence in which they trusted, Philip compelled them to sue ² for peace and make a treaty on terms of his own choosing.

[2] Had he not used every effort to bring that about promptly, he would have been surprised while still making war upon the Aetolians by Publius Sempronius, ³ the proconsul, who with ten thousand infantry and a thousand cavalry and thirty-five warships had been sent as Sulpicius' successor in command and was no small factor in bringing aid to the allies.

[3] Scarcely had peace been made when word came to the king that the Romans had arrived at Dyrrachium, and that the Parthini and other neighbouring tribes were aroused to the hope of revolution and that Dimallum ⁴ was besieged.

[4] To that place the Romans had turned aside from helping the Aetolians, to whom they had been sent. They were angry because without Roman consent and contrary to the treaty ⁵ the Aetolians had made peace with the king.

[5] On hearing of this Philip, fearing some greater disturbance might begin among neighbouring tribes and peoples, hastened by forced marches to Apollonia, ⁶ to which Sempronius had withdrawn after sending Laetorius, his lieutenant, with a part of his troops and fifteen ships into Aetolia to survey the situation and, if possible, to disturb the peace.

[6] Philip laid waste the farms of the Apollonians and, moving his troops up to the city, gave the Roman an opportunity to engage.

[7] As soon as he saw that they remained inactive, merely defending the walls, Philip, who had not sufficient confidence in his forces to assault the city and was desirous of peace with the Romans also, if possible, just as with the ⁷ Aetolians, but if not, of making an armistice, retired to his own kingdom without provoking any further animosities by a fresh conflict.

[8] About the same time the Epirotes, weary of the protracted war, first sounding the disposition of the Romans, sent ambassadors to Philip in regard to a general peace, asserting their confidence that it

[9] would be agreed upon if he should come to a conference with Publius Sempronius, the Roman general.

[10] The king was easily prevailed upon to cross over into Epirus, for he himself was not disinclined to peace.

[11] Phoenice ⁸ is a city in Epirus; there the king first conferred with Aëropus and Derdas and Philip, chief magistrates of the Epirotes, and later met Publius Sempronius.

[12] Present at the conference were Amynander, ⁹ King of the Athamanians, and in addition magistrates of the Epirotes and Acarnanians. The first to speak was Philip, the magistrate, begging the king and at the same time the Roman general to make an end of the war and grant that favour to the Epirotes.

[13] Publius Sempronius stated as terms of the peace that the Parthini and Dimallum and Bargullum ¹⁰ and Eugenium ¹¹ should fall to the Romans; that Atintania ¹² should be annexed to Macedonia, if the king, sending ambassadors to Rome, should obtain the senate's consent.

[14] Peace being agreed upon on these terms, Prusias, King of Bithynia, the Achaeans, Boeotians, ¹³ Thessalians, Acarnanians and Epirotes were included on the king's side of the treaty; on the side of the Romans, the Ilians, ¹⁴ King Attalus, Pleuratus, ¹⁵ Nabis, tyrant of the Lacedaemonians, ¹⁶ also the Eleans, Messenians and Athenians.

[15] These provisions were reduced to writing and sealed, and an armistice was made for two months, that meanwhile ambassadors might be sent to Rome, so that the people might order peace to be made on these terms.

[16] And all the tribes so ordered, since, now that the war had shifted to Africa, they wished for the present to be relieved of all other wars. Publius Sempronius, after the peace had been made, left his province for Rome to enter upon his consulship.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 29.12 focus

[1] Neglectae eo biennio res in Graecia erant. itaque Philippus Aetolos desertos ab Romano, eui cui uni fidebant, auxilio, quibus voluit condicionibus ad petendam et paciscendam subegit pacem.

[2] quod nisi omni vi perficere maturasset, bellantem eum cum Aetolis P. Sempronius proconsul, successor imperil imperii missus Sulpicio cum decem milibus peditum et mille equitibus et triginta quinque rostratis navibus, haud parvum momentum ad opem ferendam sociis, oppressisset.

[3] vixdum pace facta nuntius regi venit Romanos Dyrrachium venisse, Parthinosque et propinquas gentes alias motas esse ad spem novandi res, Dimallumque oppugnari.

[4] eo se verterant Romani ab Aetolorum, quo missi erant, auxilio, irati, quod sine auctoritate sua adversus foedus cum rege pacem fecissent.

[5] ea cum audisset Philippus, ne qui motus maior in finitimis gentibus populisque oreretur, magnis itineribus Apolloniam contendit, quo Sempronius se receperat, misso Laetorio legato cum parte copiarum et quindecim navibus in Aetoliam ad visendas res pacemque, si posset, turbandam.

[6] Philippus agros Apolloniatium vastavit et ad urbem admotis copiis potestatem pugnae Romano fecit;

[7] quem postquam quietum muros tantummodo tueri vidit, nec satis fidens viribus, ut urbem oppugnaret, et cum Romanis quoque, sicut cum Aetolis, cupiens pacem, si posset, si minus, indutias facere, nihil ultra inritatis novo certamine odiis in regnum * se recepit.

[8] per idem tempus taedio diutini belli Epirotae temptata prius Romanorum voluntate legatos de pace communi ad Philippum misere,

[9] satis confidere conventuram eam adfirmantes, si ad conloquium cum P. Sempronio imperatore Romano venisset.

[10] facile impetratum — neque enim ne ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus — , ut in Epirum transiret.

[11] Phoenice urbs est Epiri; ibi prius conlocutus rex cum Aeropo et Derda et Philippo Epirotarum praetoribus, postea cum P. Sempronio congreditur.

[12] adfuit conloquio Amynander Athamanum rex et magistratus alii Epirotarum et Acarnanum. primus Philippus praetor verba fecit et petit simul ab rege et ab imperatore Romano, ut finem belli facerent darentque ear eam Epirotis veniam.

[13] P. Sempronius condiciones pacis dixit ut Parthini et Dimallum et Bargullum et Eugenium Romanorum essent, Atintania, si missis Romam legatis ab senatu impetrasset, ut Macedoniae accederet.

[14] in has condiciones cum pax conveniret, ab rege foederi adscripti Prusia Bithyniae rex, Achaei, Boeoti, Thessali, Acarnanes, Epirotae, ab Romanis Ilienses, Attalus rex, Pleuratus, Nabis Lacedaemoniorum tyrannus, Elei, Messenii, Athenienses.

[15] haec conscripta consignataque sunt, et in duos menses indutiae factae, done donec Romam mitterentur legati, ut populus in has condiciones pacem iuberet.

[16] iusseruntque omnes tribus, quia verso in Africam bello omnibus aliis in praesentia levari bellis volebant. P. Sempronius pace facta ad consulatum Romam decessit.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Conway, Robert Seymour; Walters, Charles Flamstead; Johnson, Stephen Keymer, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1914-1935. (Oxford Classical Texts)) — 29.12 focus

[1]

neglectae eo biennio res in Graecia erant. itaque Philippus Aetolos desertos ab Romanis, cui uni fidebant auxilio, quibus uoluit condicionibus ad petendam et paciscendam subegit pacem.

[2] quod nisi omni ui perficere maturasset, bellantem eum cum Aetolis P. Sempronius proconsul, successor imperii missus Sulpicio cum decem milibus peditum et mille equitibus et triginta quinque rostratis nauibus, haud paruum momentum ad opem ferendam sociis, oppressisset.

[3] uixdum pace facta nuntius regi uenit Romanos Dyrrachium uenisse Parthinosque et propinquas alias gentes motas esse ad spem nouandi res Dimallumque oppugnari.

[4] eo se auerterant Romani ab Aetolorum quo missi erant auxilio, irati quod sine auctoritate sua aduersus foedus cum rege pacem fecissent.

[5] ea cum audisset Philippus ne qui motus maior in finitimis gentibus populisque oreretur magnis itineribus Apolloniam contendit, quo Sempronius se receperat misso Laetorio legato cum parte copiarum et quindecim nauibus in Aetoliam ad uisendas res pacemque si posset turbandam.

[6] Philippus agros Apolloniatium uastauit et ad urbem admotis copiis potestatem pugnae Romano fecit; quem postquam quietum muros tantummodo tueri uidit,

[7] nec satis fidens uiribus ut urbem oppugnaret et cum Romanis quoque, sicut cum Aetolis, cupiens pacem si posset, si minus, indutias facere, nihil ultra inritatis nouo certamine odiis in regnum se recepit.

[8] per idem tempus taedio diutini belli Epirotae temptata prius Romanorum uoluntate legatos de pace communi ad Philippum misere,

[9] satis confidere conuenturam eam adfirmantes si ad conloquium cum P. Sempronio imperatore Romano uenisset.

[10] facile impetratum—neque enim ne ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus—ut in Epirum transiret.

[11] Phoenice urbs est Epiri; ibi prius conlocutus rex cum Aeropo et Derda et Philippo, Epirotarum praetoribus, postea cum P. Sempronio congreditur.

[12] adfuit conloquio Amynander Athamanum rex, et magistratus alii Epirotarum et Acarnanum. primus Philippus praetor uerba facit et petit simul ab rege et ab imperatore Romano ut finem belli facerent darentque eam Epirotis ueniam.

[13] P. Sempronius condiciones pacis dixit ut Parthini et Dimallum et Bargullum et Eugenium Romanorum essent, Atintania, si missis Romam legatis ab senatu impetrasset, ut Macedoniae accederet.

[14] in eas condiciones cum pax conueniret, ab rege foederi adscripti Prusia Bithyniae rex, Achaei Boeoti Thessali Acarnanes Epirotae: ab Romanis Ilienses, Attalus rex, Pleuratus, Nabis Lacedaemoniorum tyrannus, Elei Messenii Athenienses.

[15] haec conscripta consignataque sunt, et in duos menses indutiae factae donec Romam mitterentur legati ut populus in has condiciones pacem iuberet;

[16] iusseruntque omnes tribus, quia uerso in Africam bello omnibus aliis in praesentia leuari bellis uolebant. P. Sempronius pace facta ad consulatum Romam decessit.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 29.12 focus

[1]

neglectae eo biennio res in Graecia erant. itaque Philippus Aetolos desertos ab Romanis, ¹ cui uni fidebant auxilio, quibus voluit condicionibus ad ² petendam et paciscendam subegit pacem.

[2] quod nisi omni vi perficere maturasset, bellantem eum cum Aetolis P. Sempronius proconsul, successor imperii missus Sulpicio cum decem milibus peditum et mille equitibus ³ et triginta quinque rostratis navibus, haud parvum momentum ad opem ferendam sociis, oppressisset.

[3] vixdum pace facta nuntius regi venit Romanos Dyrrachium venisse, Parthinosque et propinquas gentes alias motas esse ad spem novandi res, Dimallumque oppugnari.

[4] eo se averterant Romani ab Aetolorum quo missi erant ⁴ auxilio, irati quod sine auctoritate sua adversus foedus cum rege pacem fecissent.

[5] ea cum audisset Philippus, ne qui motus maior in finitimis gentibus populisque oreretur, magnis itineribus ⁵ Apolloniam contendit, quo Sempronius se receperat, misso Laetorio legato cum parte copiarum et quindecim navibus in Aetoliam ad visendas res pacemque, si posset, turbandam.

[6] Philippus agros Apolloniatium vastavit et ad urbem admotis copiis potestatem pugnae Romano fecit;

[7] quem postquam quietum muros tantummodo tueri vidit, nec satis fidens viribus ut urbem oppugnaret, et cum ⁶ Romanis quoque, sicut cum Aetolis, cupiens ⁷ pacem, si posset, si minus, indutias facere, nihil ultra inritatis novo certamine odiis in regnum se recepit.

[8] per idem tempus taedio diutini belli Epirotae temptata prius Romanorum voluntate legatos de pace communi ad Philippum misere,

[9] satis confidere conventuram eam earn adfirmantes, si ad conloquium cum P. Sempronio imperatore Romano venisset.

[10] facile impetratum—neque enim ne ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus—ut in Epirum transiret.

[11] phoenice urbs est Epiri; ibi prius conlocutus rex cum Aeropo Aropo et Derda et Philippo, Epirotarum praetoribus, postea cum P. Sempronio congreditur.

[12] adfuit conloquio Amynander Athamanum rex et magistratus alii Epirotarum et Acarnanum. primus Philippus praetor verba fecit et petit simul ab rege et ab imperatore Romano ut finem belli facerent darentque eam earn Epirotis veniam.

[13] P. Sempronius condiciones pacis dixit, ut Parthini et Dimallum et Bargullum et Eugenium Romanorum essent, Atintania, si missis Romam legatis ab senatu impetrasset, ut Macedoniae accederet. ⁸

[14] In has ⁹ condiciones cum pax conveniret, ab rege foederi adscripti Prusia Bithyniae ¹⁰ rex, Achaei, Boeoti, Thessali, Acarnanes, Epirotae, ab Romanis Ilienses, Attalus rex, Pleuratus, Nabis Lacedaemoniorum tyrannus, Elei, Messenii, Athenienses.

[15] haec conscripta consignataque sunt, et in duos menses indutiae factae, donec done Romam mitterentur legati, ut populus in has condiciones pacem iuberet;

[16] iusseruntque omnes tribus, quia verso in Africam bello omnibus aliis in praesentia levari bellis volebant. P. Sempronius pace facta ad consulatum Romam decessit.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 29.12 focus

[1]

For the last two years the affairs of Greece had been neglected. Accordingly, as the Aetolians were deserted by the Romans, on whom alone they depended for assistance, Philip compelled them to sue for and agree to a peace on whatever conditions he pleased.

[2] Had he not exerted himself to the utmost in expediting this measure, he would have been overpowered, while engaged in war with the Aetolians, by Publius Sempronius, the proconsul, who had been sent to succeed Sulpicius in the command, with ten thousand infantry and a thousand horse, together with thirty-five ships of war, a force of no small importance to bring to the assistance of allies.

[3] Ere the peace was well concluded, news was brought to the king that the Romans had arrived at Dyrrachium; that the Parthinians, and other bordering nations, were up in arms on seeing hopes of effecting a change; and that Dimallum was besieged.

[4] The Romans had turned their efforts to that quarter instead of assisting the Aetolians, for which purpose they had been sent, from resentment at the conduct of the Aetolians for making peace with the king without their sanction, contrary to the league.

[5] When Philip had received intelligence of these events, lest any greater commotion should arise in the neighbouring nations and states, he proceeded by forced marches to Apollonia, to which place Sempronius had retired, having sent Laetorius, his lieutenant-general, with a part of his forces and fifteen ships into Aetolia, to look into the state of affairs, and, if he could, dissolve the peace.

[6] Philip laid waste the lands of the Apollonians, and, advancing his troops to the tower, offered the Romans battle.

[7] But seeing that they remained quiet, only defending the walls, and not having sufficient confidence in his strength to assault the town, being desirous also of making peace with the Romans if possible, as he had with the Aetolians, or at least a truce, he withdrew into his own dominions, without further exciting their animosity by a fresh contest.

[8] During the same time the Epirots, wearied by the long continuance of the war, having first sounded the disposition of the Romans, sent ambassadors to Philip on the subject of a common peace;

[9] affirming that they were well satisfied that it might be arranged if he would come to a conference with Publius Sempronius, the Roman general.

[10] They easily prevailed on him to pass into Epirus, for neither were the king's own inclinations averse from this measure.

[11] Phœnice is a city of Epirus; here Philip first conferred with Aeropus Dardas and Philip, praetors of the Epirots, and afterwards met Publius Sempronius. Amynander, king of the Athamanians, and other magistrates of the Epirots and Acarnanians, were present at the conference.

[12] The praetor Philip spoke first, and requested at once of the king and the Roman general, that they would put an end to the war, and grant this boon to the Epirots.

[13] Publius Sempronius proposed as the conditions of the peace, that the Parthinians, and Dimallum, and Bargulum, and Eugenium, should be under the dominion of the Romans; that Atintania, if on sending ambassadors to Rome they could prevail upon the senate to acquiesce, should be added to the dominions of the Macedonian.

[14] The peace having been agreed upon on these terms, Prusias king of Bithynia, the Achaeans, the Bœotians, the Thessalians, the Acarnanians, and the Epirots, were included in the treaty by the king; by the Romans, the Ilians, king Attalus, Pleuratus, Nabis tyrant of the Lacedaemonians, the Eleans, the Messenians, and Athenians.

[15] These conditions were committed to writing and sealed; and a truce was agreed upon for two months, to allow time for ambassadors being sent to Rome, that the people might order the peace upon these terms.

[16] All the tribes agreed in ordering it, because now that the operations of the war were removed into Africa, they were desirous to be relieved for the present from all other wars. The peace being concluded, Publius Sempronius took his departure for Rome, to attend to the duties of his consulship.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 29.12 focus

[1]

Little attention had been paid to affairs in Greece for the last two years. As a result, Philip, finding that the Aetolians had been abandoned by the Romans to whom alone they looked for help, compelled them to sue for peace and accept whatever terms he chose.

[2] Had he not devoted all his strength to secure this result as soon as possible, his operations against them would have been interrupted by the proconsul P. Sempronius who had succeeded Sulpicius and commanded a force of 10,000 infantry, 1000 cavalry and 35 ships of war, a considerable force to bring to the assistance of our allies.

[3] Hardly had the peace been concluded when news reached the king that the Romans were at Dyrrachium and that the Parthini and neighbouring tribes had risen and were besieging Dimallum.

[4] The Romans had diverted their force to this place, for as the Aetolians had concluded the treaty with the king without their consent, they showed their resentment by refusing the help which they were sent to give them.

[5] On receiving this intelligence Philip, anxious to prevent the movement from spreading, hastened to Apollonia. Sempronius had withdrawn to this place after sending Laetorius with a portion of his force and fifteen ships to Aetolia to see how matters stood there and, if possible, upset the peace. Philip ravaged the country round Apollonia, and brought his forces up to the city in order to give the Romans an opportunity of fighting.

[6] As, however, he saw that they kept within their walls, and feeling doubtful as to his ability to attack the place, he withdrew into his kingdom.

[7] An additional motive for his retirement was his desire to establish peace with them as he had with the Aetolians, or if not peace at all events a truce, and consequently he avoided irritating them by further hostilities.

[8] The Epirotes were by this time tired of the long-continued war and after sounding the Romans sent envoys to Philip with proposals for a general settlement and assuring him that there was no doubt as to its being arranged if he would confer with Sempronius.

[9] The king was by no means averse from the proposal, and readily consented to visit Epirus.

[10] Phoenice, an important city in Epirus, was chosen as the place of meeting, and there the king, after a preliminary interview with Aeropus, Dardas and Philip, the chief magistrates of the Epirotes, met Sempronius.

[11] There were present at the conference Amynander, king of the Athamanians, as well as the chief magistrates of the Epirotes and Acarnanians.

[12] The Epirote magistrate, Philip, opened the discussion by appealing to the king and the Roman general to put a stop to the war out of consideration for the Epirotes.

[13] The conditions of peace as stated by Sempronius were that the Parthini together with the towns of Dimallum, Bargullum and Eugenium should belong to Rome, and Atintania should be annexed by Macedon, if Philip obtained the sanction of the senate to the arrangement. When the terms were settled the king included Prusias, king of Bithynia, and also the Achaeaus, the Boeotians, the Thessalians, the Acarnanians and the Epirotes as parties to the agreement.

[14] The Romans on their side extended its provisions to the Ilienses, King Attalus, Pleuratus, Nabis, tyrant of the Lacedaemonians, the Eleans, the Messenians and the Athenians. The clauses were then reduced to writing and duly sealed.

[15] A two months' armistice was agreed upon to allow of envoys being sent to Rome to obtain from the Assembly the ratification of the treaty.

[16] All the tribes voted for it; they were glad to be relieved for the time from the pressure of other wars now that their efforts were directed towards Africa. After the conclusion of peace, P. Sempronius left for Rome to take up the duties of his consulship.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. No abandonment has been previously mentioned, but neglect for many months would have the same effect.

2. B.C. 205

3. He had been censor (XXVII. xi. 7), and already proconsul in Greece before his consulship; cf. XXVIII. xxxviii. 1, note.

4. On the Adriatic, location uncertain, but near the Parthini and Dyrrhachium (Durazzo). Cf. XXXIII. xxxiv. 11; XLIII. xxi. 3; Polybius II. xi. 11; III. xviii. 1, 3; VII. ix. 13 (text of a treaty between Hannibal and Philip).

5. Of. XXVI. xxiv. 8-14.

6. Cf. Vol. VI. p. 303, n. 3; 305, 307; VII. p.95 fin.

7. B.C. 205

8. In Chaonia (northern Epirus), a few miles from the port of Onchesmos, opposite Corcyra (Corfu); Polybius II. v. 3; Strabo VII. vii. 5.

9. The Athamanes (in eastern Epirus, close to the Pindus range; Strabo IX. v. 1) had a king, the neighbouring tribes only strathgoi/. A peacemaker in 208 B.C. (XXVII. xxx. 4), Amynander allowed Philip to pass through his territory, and thus the Aetolians were obliged to make a separate peace with Macedonia (§ 1).

10. Small places, unknown; probably near Dimallum.

11. Small places, unknown; probably near Dimallum.

12. In northwestern Epirus, in the upper valley of the Aōus river; XXVII. xxx. 13. Allied with Rome in the Illyrian War of 219 B.C. , but now subject to Philip.

13. B.C. 205

14. As progenitors of the Romans. Cf. their statement when Lucius Scipio visited Ilium in 190 B.C. ; XXXVII. xxxvii. 1 ff.; cf. XXXVIII. xxxix. 10; Herodian I. 11. 3. Early evidence for the Aeneas legend.

15. A king of the Thracians; XXVI. xxiv. 9; XXVII. xxx. 13; XXVIII. v. 7.

16. From 207 to 192 B.C. Successor of Machanidas, who fell in battle three years before this; Polybius XI. xviii. Frequently mentioned by Livy in subsequent books; his death XXXV. xxxv. 19.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 29.12

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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