Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, ed. Axel W. Ahlberg, 101

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1 Igitur quarto denique die haud longe ab oppido Cirta undique simul speculatores citi sese ostendunt, qua re hostis adesse intellegitur. 2 sed quia divorsi redeuntes alius ab alia parte atque omnes idem significabant, consul incertus, quonam modo aciem instrueret, nullo ordine conmutato advorsum omnia paratus ibidem opperitur. 3 ita Iugurtham spes frustrata, qui copias in quattuor partis distribuerat, ratus ex omnibus aeque aliquos ab tergo hostibus venturos. 4 interim Sulla, quem primum hostes attigerant, cohortatus suos turmatim et quam maxume confertis equis ipse aliique Mauros invadunt, ceteri in loco manentes ab iaculis eminus emissis corpora tegere et, si qui in manus venerant, obtruncare. 5 dum eo modo equites proeliantur, Bocchus cum peditibus, quos Volux, filius eius, adduxerat neque in priore pugna, in itinere morati, adfuerant, postremam Romanorum aciem invadunt. 6 tum Marius apud primos agebat, quod ibi Iugurtha cum plurumis erat. dein Numida cognito Bocchi adventu clam cum paucis ad pedites convortit. ibi latine — nam apud Numantiam loqui didicerat — exclamat nostros frustra pugnare, paulo ante Marium sua manu interfectum. simul gladium sanguine oblitum ostendere, quem in pugna satis inpigre occiso pedite nostro cruentaverat. 7 quod ubi milites accepere, magis atrocitate rei quam fide nuntii terrentur, simulque barbari animos tollere et in perculsos Romanos acrius incedere. 8 iamque paulum a fuga aberant, quom Sulla profligatis iis, quos advorsum ierat, rediens ab latere Mauris incurrit. Bocchus statim avortitur. 9 at Iugurtha, dum sustentare suos et prope iam adeptam victoriam retinere cupit, circumventus ab equitibus, dextra sinistraque omnibus occisis solus inter tela hostium vitabundus erumpit. 10 atque interim Marius fugatis equitibus adcurrit auxilio suis, quos pelli iam acceperat. 11 denique hostes iam undique fusi. tum spectaculum horribile in campis patentibus: sequi fugere, occidi capi; equi atque viri adflicti, ac multi volneribus acceptis neque fugere posse neque quietem pati, niti modo ac statim concidere; postremo omnia, qua visus erat, constrata telis armis cadaveribus, et inter ea humus infecta sanguine.

102 1 Post ea loci consul haud dubie iam victor pervenit in oppidum Cirtam,quo initio profectus intenderat. 2 eo post diem quintum, quam iterum barbari male pugnaverant, legati a Boccho veniunt, qui regis verbis ab Mario petivere, duos quam fidissumos ad eum mitteret, velle de suo et de populi Romani commodo cum iis disserere. ille statim L. Sullam et A. Manlium ire iubet. 3 qui quamquam acciti ibant, tamen placuit verba apud regem facere, ut ingenium aut avorsum flecterent aut cupidum pacis vehementius accenderent. 4 itaque Sulla, quoius facundiae, non aetati a Manlio concessum, pauca verba huiusce modi locutus:

5 'Rex Bocche, magna laetitia nobis est, quom te talem virum di monuere, uti aliquando pacem quam bellum malles neu te optumum cum pessumo omnium Iugurtha miscendo conmaculares, simul nobis demeres acerbam necessitudinem, pariter te errantem atque illum sceleratissumum persequi. 6 ad hoc populo Romano iam a principio inopi melius visum amicos quam servos quaerere, tutiusque rati volentibus quam coactis imperitare. 7 tibi vero nulla opportunior nostra amicitia, primum quia procul absumus, in quo offensae minumum, gratia par ac si prope adessemus; dein quia parentis abunde habemus, amicorum neque nobis neque quoiquam omnium satis fuit. 8 atque hoc utinam a principio tibi placuisset: profecto ex populo Romano ad hoc tempus multo plura bona accepisses, quam mala perpessus esses. 9 sed quoniam humanarum rerum fortuna pleraque regit, quoi scilicet placuit et vim et gratiam nostram te experiri, nunc, quando per illam licet, festina atque, uti coepisti, perge. 10 multa atque opportuna habes, quo facilius errata officiis superes. 11 postremo hoc in pectus tuom demitte, numquam populum Romanum beneficiis victum esse. nam bello quid valeat, tute scis.'

12 Ad ea Bocchus placide et benigne, simul pauca pro delicto suo verba facit: se non hostili animo, sed ob regnum tutandum arma cepisse. 13 nam Numidiae partem, unde vi Iugurtham expulerit, iure belli suam factam; eam vastari a Mario pati nequivisse. praeterea missis antea Romam legatis repulsum ab amicitia. 14 ceterum vetera omittere ac tum, si per Marium liceret, legatos ad senatum missurum. 15 dein copia facta animus barbari ab amicis flexus, quos Iugurtha, cognita legatione Sullae et Manli metuens id, quod parabatur, donis corruperat.

Bellum Iugurthinum. Sallust. ed. Axel W. Ahlberg. Leipzig. 1919.

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Current edition Perseus

Bellum Iugurthinum (Sallust. C. Sallusti Crispi Catilina, Iugurtha, orationes et epistulae excerptae de historiis. Ahlberg, Axel Wilhelm, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1919.)

Editions (1)

Bellum Iugurthinum Perseus (Sallust. Bellum Iugurthinum. (No bibliographic information found).) — 101 focus

Igitur quarto denique die haud longe ab oppido Cirta undique simul speculatores citi sese ostendunt, qua re hostis adesse intellegitur. Sed quia diuersi redeuntes alius ab alia parte atque omnes idem significabant, consul incertus, quonam modo aciem instrueret, nullo ordine commutato aduersum omnia paratus ibidem opperitur. Ita Iugurtham spes frustrata, qui copias in quattuor partis distribuerat, ratus ex omnibus aeque aliquos ab tergo hostibus venturos. Interim Sulla, quem primum hostes attigerant, cohortatus suos turmatim et quam maxime confertis equis ipse aliique Mauros invadunt, ceteri in loco manentes ab iaculis eminus emissis corpora tegere et, si qui in manus venerant, obtruncare. Dum eo modo equites proeliantur, Bocchus cum peditibus, quos Volux, filius eius, adduxerat neque in priore pugna, in itinere morati, affuerant, postremam Romanorum aciem invadunt. Tum Marius apud primos agebat, quod ibi Iugurtha cum plurimis erat. Dein Numida cognito Bocchi adventu clam cum paucis ad pedites conuertit. Ibi Latine—nam apud Numantiam loqui didicerat—exclamat nostros frustra pugnare, paulo ante Marium sua manu interfectum, simul gladium sanguine oblitum ostentans, quem in pugna satis impigre occiso pedite nostro cruentauerat. Quod ubi milites accepere, magis atrocitate rei quam fide nuntii terrentur, simulque barbari animos tollere et in perculsos Romanos acrius incedere. Iamque paulum a fuga aberant, cum Sulla profligatis iis, quos aduersum ierat, rediens ab latere Mauris incurrit. Bocchus statim auertitur. At Iugurtha, dum sustentare suos et prope iam adeptam victoriam retinere cupit, circumventus ab equitibus, dextra sinistraque omnibus occisis solus inter tela hostium vitabundus erumpit. Atque interim Marius fugatis equitibus accurrit auxilio suis, quos pelli iam acceperat. Denique hostes iam undique fusi. Tum spectaculum horribile in campis patentibus: sequi fugere, occidi capi; equi atque viri afflicti, ac multi uulneribus acceptis neque fugere posse neque quietem pati, niti modo ac statim concidere; postremo omnia, qua visus erat, constrata telis armis cadaueribus, et inter ea humus infecta sanguine.

Translations (1)

Jugurthine War Perseus (Sallust. Sallust, Florus, and Velleius Paterculus. Watson, J. S. (John Selby), translator. London: Harper & Brothers, 1899.) — 101 focus

At length, on the fourth day of his march, when he was not far from the town of Cirta, his scouts suddenly made their appearance from all quarters at once; a circumstance by which the enemy was known to be at hand. But as they came in from different points, and all gave the same account, the consul, doubting in what form to draw up his army, made no alteration in it, but halted where he was, being already prepared for every contingency. Jugurtha's expectations, in consequence, disappointed him; for he had divided his force into four bodies, trusting that one of them, assuredly,¹ would surprise the Romans in the rear. Sylla, meanwhile, with whom they first came in contact, having cheered on his men, charged the Moors, in person and with his officers,² with troop after troop of cavalry, in the closest order possible; while the rest of his force, retaining their position, protected themselves against the darts thrown from a distance, and killed such of the enemy as fell into their hands.

While the cavalry was thus engaged, Bocchus, with his infantry, which his son Volux had brought up, and which, from delay on their march, had not been present in the former battle, assailed the Romans in the rear. Marius was at that moment occupied in front, as Jugurtha was there with his largest force, The Numidian king, hearing of the arrival of Bocchus, wheeled secretly about, with a few of his followers, to the infantry,³ and exclaimed in Latin, which he had learned to speak at Numantia, "that our men were struggling in vain; for that he had just slain Marius with his own hand;" showing, at the same time, his sword besmeared with blood, which he had, indeed, sufficiently stained by vigorously cutting down our infantry.⁴ When the soldiers heard this, they felt a shock, though rather at the horror of such an event, than from belief in him who asserted it; the barbarians, on the other hand, assumed fresh courage, and advanced with greater fury on the disheartened Romans, who were just on the point of taking to flight, when Sylla, having routed those to whom he had been opposed, fell upon the Moors in the flank. Bocchus instantly fled. Jugurtha, anxious to support his men, and to secure a victory so nearly won, was surrounded by our cavalry, and all his attendants, right and left, being slain, had to force a way alone, with great difficulty, through the weapons of the enemy. Marius, at the same time, having put to flight the cavalry, came up to support such of his men as he had understood to be giving ground. At last the enemy were defeated in every quarter. The spectacle on the open plains was then frightful;⁵some were pursuing, others fleeing; some were being slain, others captured; men and horses were dashed to the earth; many, who were wounded, could neither flee nor remain at rest, attempting to rise, and instantly falling back; and the whole field, as far as the eye could reach, was strewed with arms and dead bodies, and the intermediate spaces saturated with blood.

Sallust Bellum Iugurthinum 101

ed. Axel W. Ahlberg

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