Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, Rev. John Selby Watson, M.A. (Translator), 89

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Marius, as he had determined, proceeded to attack the fortified towns and places of strength, and to detach them, partly by force, and partly by threats or offers of reward, from the enemy. His operations in this way, however, were at first but moderate; for he expected that Jugurtha, to protect his subjects, would soon come to an engagement. But finding that he kept at a distance, and was intent on other affairs, he thought it was time to enter upon something of greater importance and difficulty. Amid the vast deserts there lay a great and strong city, named Capsa, the founder of which is said to have been the Libyan Hercules.¹ Its inhabitants were exempted from taxes by Jugurtha, and under mild government, and were consequently regarded as the most faithful of his subjects. They were defended against enemies, not only by walls, magazines of arms, and bodies of troops, but still more by the difficulty of approaching them; for, except the parts adjoining the walls, all the surrounding country is waste and uncultivated, destitute of water, and infested with serpents, whose fierceness, like that of other wild animals, is aggravated by want of food; while the venom of such reptiles, deadly in itself, is exacerbated by nothing so much as by thirst. Of this place Marius conceived a strong desire² to make himself master, not only from its importance for the war, but because its capture seemed an enterprise of difficulty; for Metellus had gained great glory by taking Thala, a town similarly situated and fortified; except that at Thala there were several springs near the walls, while the people of Capsa had only one running stream, and that within the town, all the water which they used beside being rain-water. But this scarcity, both here and in other parts of Africa, where the people live rudely and remote from the sea, was endured with the greater ease, as the inhabitants subsist mostly on milk and wild beasts' flesh,³ and use no salt, or other provocatives of appetite, their food being merely to satisfy hunger or thirst, and not to encourage luxury or excess.

Bellum Iugurthinum. Sallust. Rev. John Selby Watson, M.A. (Translator). New York and London. 1899.

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Current edition Perseus

Jugurthine War (English) (Sallust. Sallust, Florus, and Velleius Paterculus. Watson, J. S. (John Selby), translator. London: Harper & Brothers, 1899.)

Editions (2)

Bellum Iugurthinum Perseus (Sallust. C. Sallusti Crispi Catilina, Iugurtha, orationes et epistulae excerptae de historiis. Ahlberg, Axel Wilhelm, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1919.) — 88 focus

1 Metellus interea Romam profectus contra spem suam laetissumis animis accipitur, plebi patribusque, postquam invidia decesserat, iuxta carus.

2 Sed Marius inpigre prudenterque suorum et hostium res pariter attendere: cognoscere, quid boni utrisque aut contra esset, explorare itinera regum, consilia et insidias eorum antevenire, nihil apud se remissum neque aqud illos tutum pati. 3 itaque et Gaetulos et Iugurtham ex sociis nostris praedas agentis saepe aggressus in itinere fuderat ipsumque regem haud procul ab oppido Cirta armis exuerat. 4 quae postquam gloriosa modo neque belli patrandi cognovit, statuit urbis, quae viris aut loco pro hostibus et advorsum se opportunissumae erant, singulas circumvenire: ita Iugurtham aut praesidiis nudatum iri, si ea pateretur, aut proelio certaturum. 5 nam Bocchus nuntios ad eum saepe miserat: velle populi Romani amicitiam; ne quid ab se hostile timeret. 6 id simulaveritne, quo inprovisus gravior accideret, an mobilitate ingeni pacem atque bellum mutare solitus, parum exploratum est. 89 1 sed consul, uti statuerat, oppida castellaque munita adire, partim vi, alia metu aut praemia ostentando avortere ab hostibus. 2 ac primo mediocria gerebat, existumans Iugurtham ob suos tutandos in manus venturum. 3 sed ubi illum procul abesse et aliis negotiis intentum accepit, maiora et magis aspera aggredi tempus visum est.

4 Erat inter ingentis solitudines oppidum magnum atque valens nomine Capsa, quoius conditor Hercules Libys memorabatur. eius cives apud Iugurtham immunes, levi imperio et ob ea fidelissumi habebantur, muniti advorsum hostis non moenibus modo et armis atque viris, verum etiam multo magis locorum asperitate. 5 nam praeter oppido propinqua alia omnia vasta, inculta, egentia aquae, infesta serpentibus, quarum vis sicuti omnium ferarum inopia cibi acrior. ad hoc natura serpentium ipsa perniciosa siti magis quam alia re accenditur. 6 eius potiundi Marium maxuma cupido invaserat, quom propter usum belli tum quia res aspera videbatur et Metellus oppidum Thalam magna gloria ceperat, haud dissimiliter situm munitumque, nisi quod apud Thalam non longe a moenibus aliquot fontes erant, Capsenses una modo atque ea intra oppidum iugi aqua, cetera pluvia utebantur. 7 id ibique et in omni Africa, quae procul a mari incultius agebat, eo facilius tolerabatur, quia Numidae plerumque lacte et ferina carne vescebantur et neque salem neque alia irritamenta gulae quaerebant: 8 cibus illis advorsum famem atque sitim, non lubidini neque luxuriae erat. 90 1 igitur consul omnibus exploratis, credo dis fretus — nam contra tantas difficultates consilio satis providere non poterat, quippe etiam frumenti inopia temptabatur, quia Numidae pabulo pecoris magis quam arvo student et, quodcumque natum fuerat, iussu regis in loca munita contulerant, ager autem aridus et frugum vacuos ea tempestate, nam aestatis extremum erat —, tamen pro rei copia satis providenter exornat. 2 pecus omne, quod superioribus diebus praedae fuerat, equitibus auxiliariis agundum adtribuit, A. Manlium legatum cum cohortibus expeditis ad oppidum Laris, ubi stipendium et commeatum locaverat, ire iubet dicitque se praedabundum post paucos dies eodem venturum. 3 sic incepto suo occultato pergit ad flumen Tanain. 91 1 ceterum in itinere cottidie pecus exercitui per centurias, item turmas aequaliter distribuerat et, ex coriis utres uti fierent, curabat; simul inopiam frumenti lenire et ignaris omnibus parare quae mox usui forent. denique sexto die, quom ad flumen ventum est, maxuma vis utrium effecta. 2 ibi castris levi munimento positis milites cibum capere atque, uti simul cum occasu solis egrederentur, paratos esse iubet, omnibus sarcinis abiectis aqua modo seque et iumenta onerare. 3 dein postquam tempus visum, castris egreditur, noctemque totam itinere facto consedit; idem proxuma facit; dein tertia multo ante lucis adventum pervenit in locum tumulosum ab Capsa non amplius duum milium intervallo, ibique quam occultissume potest cum omnibus copiis opperitur. 4 sed ubi dies coepit et Numidae nihil hostile metuentes multi oppido egressi, repente omnem equitatum et cum iis velocissumos pedites cursu tendere ad Capsam et portas obsidere iubet; deinde ipse intentus propere sequi neque milites praedari sinere. 5 quae postquam oppidani cognovere, res trepidae, metus ingens, malum inprovisum, ad hoc pars civium extra moenia in hostium potestate coegere, uti deditionem facerent. 6 ceterum oppidum incensum, Numidae puberes interfecti, alii omnes venundati, praeda militibus divisa. 7 id facinus contra ius belli non avaritia neque scelere consulis admissum, sed quia locus Iugurthae opportunus, nobis aditu difficilis, genus hominum mobile, infidum, ante neque beneficio neque metu coercitum.

Bellum Iugurthinum Perseus (Sallust. Bellum Iugurthinum. (No bibliographic information found).) — 89 focus

Sed consul, uti statuerat, oppida castellaque munita adire, partim vi, alia metu aut praemia ostentando auertere ab hostibus. Ac primo mediocria gerebat, existimans Iugurtham ob suos tutandos in manus venturum. Sed ubi illum procul abesse et aliis negotiis intentum accepit, maiora et magis aspera aggredi tempus visum est. Erat inter ingentis solitudines oppidum magnum atque valens nomine Capsa, cuius conditor Hercules Libys memorabatur. Eius ciues apud Iugurtham immunes, leui imperio et ob ea fidelissimi habebantur, muniti aduersum hostis non moenibus modo et armis atque viris, verum etiam multo magis locorum asperitate. Nam praeter oppido propinqua alia omnia vasta, inculta, egentia aquae, infesta serpentibus, quarum vis sicuti omnium ferarum inopia cibi acrior. Ad hoc natura serpentium ipsa perniciosa siti magis quam alia re accenditur. Eius potiendi Marium maxima cupido invaserat, cum propter usum belli tum quia res aspera videbatur et Metellus oppidum Thalam magna gloria ceperat, haud dissimiliter situm munitumque, nisi quod apud Thalam non longe a moenibus aliquot fontes erant, Capsenses una modo atque ea intra oppidum iugi aqua, cetera pluvia utebantur. Id ibique et in omni Africa, quae procul a mari incultius agebat, eo facilius tolerabatur, quia Numidae plerumque lacte et ferina carne uescebantur et neque salem neque alia irritamenta gulae quaerebant: cibus illis aduersum famem atque sitim, non libidini neque luxuriae erat.

Notes on the current edition

The Jugurthine War

1. LXXXIX. The Libyan Hercules]

Hercules Libys.

"He is one of the forty and more whom Varro mentions, and who, it is probable, were leaders of trading expeditions or colonies. See supra, c. 18. A Libyan Hercules is mentioned by Solinus, xxvii."

Bernouf.

2. Marius conceived a strong desire]

Marium maxima cupido invaserat.

"A strong desire had seized Marius."

3. Wild beasts' flesh]

Ferinâ carne.

Almost all our translators have rendered this "venison." But the Africans lived on the flesh of whatever beasts they took in the chase.

Sallust Bellum Iugurthinum 89

Rev. John Selby Watson, M.A. (Translator)

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