Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, Rev. John Selby Watson, M.A. (Translator), 50

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But when he observed that the Numidians remained quiet, and did not offer to descend from the hill, he became apprehensive that his army, from the season of the year and the scarcity of water, might be overcome with thirst, and therefore sent Rutilius, one of his lieutenant-generals, with the light-armed cohorts and a detachment of cavalry, toward the river, to secure ground for an encampment, expecting that the enemy, by frequent charges and attacks on his flank, would endeavor to impede his march, and, as they despaired of success in arms, would try the effect of fatigue and thirst on his troops. He then continued to advance by degrees, as his circumstances and the ground permitted, in the same order in which he had descended from the range of mountains. He assigned Marius his post behind the front line,¹ and took on himself the command of the cavalry on the left wing, which, on the march, had become the van.²

When Jugurtha perceived that the rear of the Roman army had passed his first line, he took possession of that part of the mountain from which Metellus had descended, with a body of about two thousand infantry, that it might not serve the enemy, if they were driven back, as a place of retreat, and afterward as a post of defense; and then, ordering the signal to be given, suddenly commenced his attack. Some of his Numidians made havoc in the rear of the Romans, while others assailed them on the right and left wings; they all advanced and charged furiously, and every where threw the consul's troops into confusion. Even those of our men who made the stoutest resistance, were baffled by the enemy's versatile method of fighting, and wounded from a distance, without having the power of wounding in return, or of coming to close combat; for the Numidian cavalry, as they had been previously instructed by Jugurtha, retreated whenever a troop of Romans attempted to pursue them, but did not keep in a body, or collect themselves into one place, but dispersed as widely as possible. Thus, being superior in numbers, if they could not deter the Romans from pursuing, they surrounded them, when disordered, on the rear or flank, or, if the hill seemed more convenient for retreat than the plain, the Numidian horses, being accustomed to the brushwood, easily made their way among it, while the difficulty of the ascent, and want of acquaintance with the ground, impeded those of the Romans.

Bellum Iugurthinum. Sallust. Rev. John Selby Watson, M.A. (Translator). New York and London. 1899.

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Current edition Perseus

Jugurthine War (English) (Sallust. Sallust, Florus, and Velleius Paterculus. Watson, J. S. (John Selby), translator. London: Harper & Brothers, 1899.)

Editions (2)

Bellum Iugurthinum Perseus (Sallust. C. Sallusti Crispi Catilina, Iugurtha, orationes et epistulae excerptae de historiis. Ahlberg, Axel Wilhelm, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1919.) — 49 focus

1 Igitur in eo colle, quem transvorso intinere porrectum docuimus, Iugurtha extenuata suorum acie consedit. elephantis et parti copiarum pedestrium Bomilcarem praefecit eumque edocet quae ageret. ipse propior montem cum omni equitatu et peditibus delectis suos conlocat. 2 dein singulas turmas et manipulos circumiens monet atque obtestatur, uti memores pristinae virtutis et victoriae sese regnumque suom ab Romanorum avaritia defendant: cum iis certamen fore, quos antea victos sub iugum miserint; ducem illis, non animum mutatum; quae ab imperatore decuerint omnia suis provisa, locum superiorem, ut prudentes cum inperitis, ne pauciores cum pluribus aut rudes cum belli melioribus manum consererent. 3 proinde parati intentique essent signo dato Romanos invadere: illum diem aut omnis labores et victorias confirmaturum aut maxumarum aerumnarum initium fore. 4 ad hoc viritim, uti quemque ob militare facinus pecunia aut honore extulerat, conmonefacere benefici sui et eum ipsum aliis ostentare, postremo pro quoiusque ingenio pollicendo minitando obtestando alium alio modo excitare, quom interim Metellus ignarus hostium monte degrediens cum exercitu conspicatur. 5 primo dubius, quidnam insolita facies ostenderet — nam inter virgulta equi Numidaeque consederant, neque plane occultati humilitate arborum et tamen inderti, quidnam esset, quom natura loci tum dolo ipsi atque signa militaria obscurati —, dein brevi cognitis insidiis paulisper agmen constituit. 6 ibi conmutatis ordinibus in dextro latere, quod proxumum hostis erat, triplicibus subsidiis aciem instruxit, inter manipulos funditores et sagittarios dispertit, equitatum omnem in cornibus locat, ac pauca pro tempore milites hortatus aciem, sicuti instruxerat, transvorsis principiis in planum deducit. 50 1 sed ubi Numidas quietos neque colle degredi animadvortit, veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus, Rutilium legatum cum expeditis cohortibus et parte equitum praemisit ad flumen, uti locum castris antecaperet, existumans hostis crebro impetu et transvorsis proeliis iter suom remoraturos et, quoniam armis diffiderent, lassitudinem et sitim militum temptaturos. 2 deinde ipse pro re atque loco, sicuti monte descenderat, paulatim procedere, Marium post principia habere, ipse cum sinistrae alae equitibus esse, qui in agmine principes facti erant.

3 At Iugurtha, ubi extremum agmen Metelli primos suos praetergressum videt, praesidio quasi duum milium peditum montem occupat, qua Metellus descenderat, ne forte cedentibus advorsariis receptui ac post munimento foret. 4 dein repente signo dato hostis invadit. Numidae alii postremos caedere, pars a sinistra ac dextra temptare, infensi adesse atque instare, omnibus locis Romanorum ordines conturbare. quorum etiam qui firmioribus animis obvii hostibus fuerant, ludificati incerto proelio ipsi modo eminus sauciabantur, neque contra feriundi aut conserundi manum copia erat. 5 ante iam docti ab Iugurtha equites, ubi Romanorum turma insequi coeperat, non confertim neque in unum sese recipiebant, sed alius alio quam maxume divorsi. 6 ita numero priores, si ab persequendo hostis deterrere nequiverant, disiectos ab tergo aut lateribus circumveniebant; sin opportunior fugae collis quam campi fuerat, ea vero consueti Numidarum equi facile inter virgulta evadere, nostros asperitas et insolentia loci retinebat. 51 1 ceterum facies totius negoti varia, incerta, foeda atque miserabilis: dispersi a suis pars cedere, alii insequi; neque signa neque ordines observare; ubi quemque periculum ceperat, ibi resistere ac propulsare; arma tela, equi viri, hostes atque cives permixti; nihil consilio neque imperio agi, fors omnia regere. 2 itaque multum diei processerat, quom etiam tum eventus in incerto erat. 3 denique omnibus labore et aestu languidis Metellus, ubi videt Numidas minus instare, paulatim milites in unum conducit, ordines restituit et cohortis legionarias quattuor advorsum pedites hostium conlocat. eorum magna pars superioribus locis fessa consederat. 4 simul orare et hortari milites, ne deficerent neu paterentur hostis fugientis vincere: neque illis castra esse neque munimentum ullum, quo cedentes tenderent; in armis omnia sita. 5 sed ne Iugurtha quidem interea quietus erat: circumire, hortari; renovare proelium et ipse cum delectis temptare omnia; subvenire suis, hostibus dubiis instare, quos firmos cognoverat, eminus pugnando retinere. 52 1 eo modo inter se duo imperatores, summi viri, certabant, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus. 2 nam Mello virtus militum erat, locus advorsus; Iugurthae alia omnia praeter milites opportuna. 3 denique Romani, ubi intellegunt neque sibi perfugium esse neque ab hoste copiam pugnandi fieri — et iam die vesper erat —, advorso colle, sicuti praeceptum fuerat, evadunt. 4 amisso loco Numidae fusi fugatique; pauci interiere, plerosque velocitas et regio hostibus ignara tutata sunt.

5 Interea Bomilcar, quem elephantis et parti copiarum pedestrium praefectum ab Iugurtha supra diximus, ubi eum Rutilius praetergressus est, paulatim suos in aequom locum deducit ac, dum legatus ad flumen, quo praemissus erat, festinans pergit, quietus, uti res postulabat, aciem exornat neque remittit, quid ubique hostis ageret, explorare. 6 postquam Rutilium consedisse iam et animo vacuom accepit, simulque ex Iugurthae proelio clamorem augeri, veritus, ne legatus cognita re laborantibus suis auxilio foret, aciem, quam diffidens virtuti militum arte statuerat, quo hostium itineri officeret, latius porrigit eoque modo ad Rutili castra procedit. 53 1 Romani ex inproviso pulveris vim magnam animadvortunt; nam prospectum ager arbustis consitus prohibebat. et primo rati humum aridam vento agitari, post ubi aequabilem manere et, sicuti acies movebatur, magis magisque adpropinquare vident, cognita re properantes arma capiunt ac pro castris, sicuti imperabatur, consistunt. 2 deinde ubi propius ventum est, utrimque magno clamore concurritur. 3 Numidae tantummodo remorati, dum in elephantis auxilium putant, postquam eos impeditos ramis arborum atque ita disiectos circumveniri vident, fugam faciunt, ac plerique abiectis armis collis aut noctis, quae iam aderat, auxilio integri abeunt. 4 elephanti quattuor capti, reliqui omnes numero quadraginta interfecti. 5 at Romani, quamquam itinere atque opere castrorum et proelio fessi laetique erant, tamen, quod Metellus amplius opinione morabatur, instructi intentique obviam procedunt; 6 nam dolus Numidarum nihil languidi neque remissi patiebatur. 7 ac primo obscura nocte, postquam haud procul inter se erant, strepitu velut hostes adventare, alteri apud alteros formidinem simul et tumultum facere; et paene inprudentia admissum facinus miserabile, ni utrimque praemissi equites rem exploravissent. 8 igitur pro metu repente gaudium mutatur: milites alius alium laeti appellant, acta edocent atque audiunt, sua quisque fortia facta ad caelum fert. quippe res humanae ita sese habent: in victoria vel ignavis gloriari licet, advorsae res etiam bonos detrectant.

Bellum Iugurthinum Perseus (Sallust. Bellum Iugurthinum. (No bibliographic information found).) — 50 focus

Sed ubi Numidas quietos neque colli degredi animaduertit, veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus, Rutilium legatum cum expeditis cohortibus et parte equitum praemisit ad flumen, uti locum castris antecaperet, existimans hostis crebro impetu et transuersis proeliis iter suum remoraturos et, quoniam armis diffiderent, lassitudinem et sitim militum temptaturos. Deinde ipse pro re atque loco, sicuti monte descenderat, paulatim procedere, Marium post principia habere, ipse cum sinistrae alae equitibus esse, qui in agmine principes facti erant. At Iugurtha, ubi extremum agmen Metelli primos suos praetergressum videt, praesidio quasi duum milium peditum montem occupat, qua Metellus descenderat, ne forte cedentibus aduersariis receptui ac post munimento foret. Dein repente signo dato hostis invadit. Numidae alii postremos caedere, pars a sinistra ac dextra temptare, infensi adesse atque instare, omnibus locis Romanorum ordines conturbare. Quorum etiam qui firmioribus animis obvii hostibus fuerant, ludificati incerto proelio ipsi modo eminus sauciabantur, neque contra feriendi aut conserendi manum copia erat. Ante iam docti ab Iugurtha equites, ubi Romanorum turma insequi coeperat, non confertim neque in unum sese recipiebant, sed alius alio quam maxime diuersi. Ita numero priores, si ab persequendo hostis deterrere nequiuerant, disiectos ab tergo aut lateribus circumveniebant; sin opportunior fugae collis quam campi fuerat, ea vero consueti Numidarum equi facile inter virgulta euadere, nostros asperitas et insolentia loci retinebat.

Notes on the current edition

The Jugurthine War

1. L. Behind the front line]

Post principia.

The principia are the same as those mentioned in the preceding note, that is, the front line when the army faced that of Jugurtha on the hill, but which presented its flank to the enemy when the army was on its march. So that Marius commanded in the center (" in medio agmine," says Dietsch), while Metellus took the lead with the cavalry of the left wing. See the following note.

2. Cavalry on the left wing-which, on the march, had become the van]

Sinistrœ ulœ equitibus—qui in agmine principes facti erant.

When Metellus halted (c. 49, fin.), and drew up his troops fronting the hill on which Jugurtha was posted, he placed all his cavalry in the wings; consequently, when the army wheeled to the left, and marched forward, the cavalry of the left wing became the van.

Sallust Bellum Iugurthinum 50

Rev. John Selby Watson, M.A. (Translator)

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