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Τοὺς δὲ παρὰ τὸ κυρίως τόδε ἢ πῇ ἢ ποῦ.
Τίνες εἰσὶν οἱ παρὰ τὸ κυρίως, ἐξηγήσατο διὰ τοῦ ἢ πῇ ἢ ποῦ ἢ πῶς· ὅσοι γὰρ παρὰ τὸ πῇ ἢ ποῦ ἢ πῶς ἀληθεῦον ἢ μὴ ἀληθεῦον
καὶ ἀπλῶς ἀληθεύειν ἢ ψεύδεσθαι ἢ ὑπάρχειν ἢ μὴ ὑπάρχειν ἀξιοῦντες παρὰ τὸ κυρίως λεγόμενον ἀξιοῦσιν. ἁπλῶς μὲν γὰρ τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ἓν ἅμα λευκὸν εἶναι καὶ οὐ λευκὸν ἀδύνατον· πῇ δὲ οὐκ ἀδύνατον, ὥσπερ ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς πῇ μὲν λευκὸς πῇ δὲ οὐ λευκός. καὶ πρὸς μὲν τὸν τυμβωρύχον ἢ λῃστὴν ἀγαθὸν ἡ νόσος, ἁπλῶς δὲ οὐκ ἀγαθόν. καὶ πῶς μὲν τὸ μὴ
ὂν ἔστιν· ἔστι γὰρ δοξαστόν· ἁπλῶς δὲ οὐκ ἔστι. τὸ δ’ ὥστ’ εἰ τόδε μὲν ἁπλῶς τόδε δὲ πῇ, οὔπω ἔλεγχος δύναται καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Αἰθίοπος ἀκούεσθαι· εἰ γὰρ ἀπλῶς μὲν κατὰ τὴν σαρκὸς ἐπιφάνειάν ἐστι μέλας, κατὰ δὲ τοὺς ὀδόντας ἐστὶ λευκός, ὁ συνάγων λευκὸν αὐτὸν καὶ οὐ λευκὸν οὐκ ἐλέγχει. δύναται δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀπλῶς μὴ ὄντος· εἰ γὰρ ἁπλῶς
μέν ἐστι μὴ ὂν πῇ δὲ ὄν, ὡς δοξαστόν (ἔστι γὰρ αὐτοῦ δόξα οὐχ ὅτι ἔστιν, ἀλλ’ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν), ὁ συνάγων αὐτὸ καὶ εἶναι καὶ μὴ εἶναι οὐκ ἐλέγχει.
καὶ ἀπλῶς ἀληθεύειν ἢ ψεύδεσθαι ἢ ὑπάρχειν ἢ μὴ ὑπάρχειν ἀξιοῦντες παρὰ τὸ κυρίως λεγόμενον ἀξιοῦσιν. ἁπλῶς μὲν γὰρ τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ἓν ἅμα λευκὸν εἶναι καὶ οὐ λευκὸν ἀδύνατον· πῇ δὲ οὐκ ἀδύνατον, ὥσπερ ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς πῇ μὲν λευκὸς πῇ δὲ οὐ λευκός. καὶ πρὸς μὲν τὸν τυμβωρύχον ἢ λῃστὴν ἀγαθὸν ἡ νόσος, ἁπλῶς δὲ οὐκ ἀγαθόν. καὶ πῶς μὲν τὸ μὴ
ὂν ἔστιν· ἔστι γὰρ δοξαστόν· ἁπλῶς δὲ οὐκ ἔστι. τὸ δ’ ὥστ’ εἰ τόδε μὲν ἁπλῶς τόδε δὲ πῇ, οὔπω ἔλεγχος δύναται καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Αἰθίοπος ἀκούεσθαι· εἰ γὰρ ἀπλῶς μὲν κατὰ τὴν σαρκὸς ἐπιφάνειάν ἐστι μέλας, κατὰ δὲ τοὺς ὀδόντας ἐστὶ λευκός, ὁ συνάγων λευκὸν αὐτὸν καὶ οὐ λευκὸν οὐκ ἐλέγχει. δύναται δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀπλῶς μὴ ὄντος· εἰ γὰρ ἁπλῶς
μέν ἐστι μὴ ὂν πῇ δὲ ὄν, ὡς δοξαστόν (ἔστι γὰρ αὐτοῦ δόξα οὐχ ὅτι ἔστιν, ἀλλ’ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν), ὁ συνάγων αὐτὸ καὶ εἶναι καὶ μὴ εἶναι οὐκ ἐλέγχει.
In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.]. Alexander of Aphrodisias. ed. Maximilian Wallies. Germany. 2014.
Sponsored by University of Leipzig.
Funding provided by European Social Fund Saxony.