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ΤΜΗΜΑ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΝ.

1. Ἐν ᾧ νοσήματι ὕπνος πόνον ποιέει, θανάσιμον· ἢν δὲ ὕπνος
ὠφελέῃ, οὐ θανάσιμον.

2. Ὅκου παραφροσύνην ὕπνος παύει, ἀγαθόν.

3. Ὕπνος, ἀγρυπνίη, ἀμφότερα τοῦ μετρίου μᾶλλον γενόμενα,
κακόν.

4. Οὐ πλησμονὴ, οὐ λιμὸς, οὐδ᾿ ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἀγαθὸν, ὅ τι ἂν
μᾶλλον τῆς φύσιος ᾖ.

5. Κόποι αὐτόματοι φράζουσι νούσους.

6. Ὁκόσοι, πονέοντές τι τοῦ σώματος, τὰ πολλὰ τῶν πόνων
οὐκ αἰσθάνονται, τουτέοισιν ἡ γνώμη νοσέει.

7. Τὰ ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ λεπτυνόμενα σώματα νωθρῶς ἐπανατρέφειν,
τὰ δὲ ἐν ὀλίγῳ, ὀλίγως.

8. Ἢν ἐκ νούσου τροφὴν λαμβάνων τις μὴ ἰσχύῃ, σημαίνει
ὅτι πλείονι τροφῇ τὸ σῶμα χρέεται· ἢν δὲ, τροφὴν μὴ λαμβάνοντος,
τοῦτο γίγνηται, χρὴ εἰδέναι, ὅτι κενώσιος δεῖται.

9. Τὰ σώματα χρὴ, ὅκου τις βούλεται καθαίρειν, εὔροα
ποιέειν.

10. Τὰ μὴ καθαρὰ τῶν σωμάτων, ὁκόσῳ ἂν θρέψῃς
μᾶλλον, βλάψεις.

11. Ῥᾷον πληροῦσθαι ποτοῦ, ἢ σιτίου.

12. Τὰ ἐγκαταλιμπανόμενα ἐν τῇσι νούσοισι μετὰ κρίσιν,
ὑποστροφὰς ποιέειν εἴωθεν.

13. Ὁκόσοισι κρίσις γίνεται, τουτέοισιν ἡ νὺξ δύσφορος,
ἡ πρὸ τοῦ παροξυσμοῦ, ἡ δὲ ἐπιοῦσα εὐφορωτέρη ὡς ἐπὶ
τὸ πουλύ.

14. Ἐν τῇσι τῆς κοιλίης ῥύσεσιν αἱ μεταβολαὶ τῶν διαχωρημάτων
ὠφελέουσιν, ἢν μὴ ἐς τὰ πονηρὰ μεταβάλλῃ.

15. Ὅκου φάρυγξ νοσέει, ἢ φύματα ἐν τῷ σώματι ἐκφύεται,
τὰς ἐκκρίσιας σκέπτεσθαι· ἢν γὰρ χολώδεες ἔωσι, τὸ σῶμα
ξυννοσέει· ἢν δὲ ὅμοιαι τοῖσιν ὑγιαίνουσι γίγνωνται, ἀσφαλὲς
τὸ σῶμα τρέφειν.

16. Ὅκου λιμὸς, οὐ δεῖ πονέειν.

17. Ὅκου ἂν τροφὴ πλείων παρὰ φύσιν ἐσέλθῃ, τοῦτο
νοῦσον ποιέει, δηλοῖ δὲ ἡ ἴησις.

18. Τῶν τρεφόντων ἀθρόως καὶ ταχέως, ταχεῖαι καὶ αἱ διαχωρήσιες
γίνονται.

19. Τῶν ὀξέων νοσημάτων οὐ πάμπαν ἀσφαλέες αἱ προδιαγορεύσιες,
οὔτε τοῦ θανάτου, οὔτε τῆς ὑγιείης.

20. Ὁκόσοισι νέοισιν ἐοῦσιν αἱ κοιλίαι ὑγραί εἰσι, τουτέοισιν
ἀπογηράσκουσι ξηραίνονται· ὁκόσοισι δὲ νέοισιν ἐοῦσιν αἱ κοιλίαι
ξηραί εἰσι, τουτέοισι πρεσβυτέροισι γινομένοισιν ὑγραίνονται.

21. Λιμὸν θώρηξις λύει.

22. Ἀπὸ πλησμονῆς ὁκόσα ἂν νοσήματα γένηται, κένωσις
ἰῆται, καὶ ὁκόσα ἀπὸ κενώσιος, πλησμονὴ, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἡ
ὑπεναντίωσις.

23. Τὰ ὀξέα τῶν νουσημάτων κρίνεται ἐν τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα
ἡμέρῃσιν.

24. Τῶν ἑπτὰ ἡ τετάρτη ἐπίδηλος· ἑτέρης ἑβδομάδος ἡ
ὀγδόη ἀρχὴ, θεωρητὴ δὲ ἡ ἑνδεκάτη, αὕτη γάρ ἐστι
τετάρτη τῆς ἑτέρης ἑβδομάδος· θεωρητὴ δὲ πάλιν ἡ ἑπτακαιδεκάτη,
αὕτη, αὕτη γάρ ἐστι τετάρτη μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτης,
ἑβδόμη δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἑνδεκάτης.

25. Οἱ θερινοὶ τεταρταῖοι τὰ πολλὰ γίνονται βραχέες, οἱ
δὲ φθινοπωρινοὶ, μακροὶ, καὶ μάλιστα οἱ πρὸς τὸν χειμῶνα ξυνάπτοντες.

26. Πυρετὸν ἐπὶ σπασμῷ βέλτιον γενέσθαι, ἢ σπασμὸν ἐπὶ
πυρετῷ.

27. Τοῖσι μὴ κατὰ λόγον κουφίζουσιν οὐ δεῖ πιστεύειν, οὐδὲ φοβέεσθαι
λίην τὰ μοχθηρὰ γινόμενα παραλόγως· τὰ γὰρ
πολλὰ τῶν τοιουτέων ἐστὶν ἀβέβαια, καὶ οὐ πάνυ τι διαμένειν,
οὐδὲ χρονίζειν εἴωθεν.

28. Τῶν πυρεσσόντων μὴ παντάπασιν ἐπιπολαίως, τὸ διαμένειν,
καὶ μηδὲν ἐνδιδόναι τὸ σῶμα, ἢ καὶ συντήκεσθαι
μᾶλλον τοῦ κατὰ λόγον, μοχθηρόν· τὸ μὲν γὰρ μῆκος νούσου σημαίνει,
τὸ δὲ, ἀσθένειαν.

29. Ἀρχομένων τῶν νούσων, ἤν τι δοκέῃ κινέειν, κίνει· ἀκμαζουσῶν
δὲ, ἡσυχίην ἔχειν βέλτιόν ἐστιν.

30. Περὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰ τέλη, πάντα ἀσθενέστατα, περὶ δὲ
τὰς ἀκμὰς, ἰσχυρότατα.

31. Τῷ ἐξ ἀῤῥωστίης εὐσιτεῦντι, μηδὲν ἐπιδιδόναι τὸ σῶμα,
μοχθηρόν.

32. Ὡς τὰ πολλὰ πάντες οἱ φαύλως ἔχοντες, κατ᾿ ἀρχὰς᾿ μὲν
εὐσιτεῦντες, καὶ μηδὲν ἐπιδιδόντες, πρὸς τῷ τέλει πάλιν ἀσιτέουσιν·
οἱ δὲ κατ᾿ ἀρχὰς μὲν ἀσιτεῦντες ἰσχυρῶς, ὕστερον δὲ
εὐσιτεῦντες, βέλτιον ἀπαλλάσσουσιν.

33. Ἐν πάσῃ νούσῳ τὸ ἐῤῥῶσθαι τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ εὖ ἔχειν πρὸς
τὰς προσφορὰς, ἀγαθόν· τὸ δὲ ἐναντίον, κακόν.

34. Ἐν τῇσι νούσοισιν ἧσσον κινδυνεύουσιν, οἷσιν ἂν οἰκείη
τῆς φύσιος, καὶ τῆς ἕξιος, καὶ τῆς ἡλικίης, καὶ τῆς ὥρης ἡ
νοῦσος ᾖ μᾶλλον, ἢ οἷσιν ἂν μὴ οἰκείη κατά τι τουτέων ᾖ.

35. Ἐν πάσῃσι τῇσι νούσοισι, τὰ περὶ τὸν ὀμφαλὸν καὶ τὸ
ἦτρον πάχος ἔχειν βέλτιόν ἐστι, τὸ δὲ σφόδρα λεπτὸν καὶ ἐκτετηκὸς,
μοχθηρόν· ἐπισφαλὲς δὲ τὸ τοιοῦτον καὶ πρὸς τὰς κάτω
καθάρσιας.

36. Οἱ ὑγιεινῶς ἔχοντες τὰ σώματα, ἐν τῇσι φαρμακείῃσι
καθαιρόμενοι ἐκλύονται ταχέως, καὶ οἱ πονηρῇ τροφῇ χρεόμενοι.

37. Οἱ εὖ τὰ σώματα ἔχοντες, φαρμακεύεσθαι ἐργώδεες.

38. Τὸ σμικρῷ χεῖρον καὶ πόμα καὶ σιτίον, ἥδιον δὲ,
τῶν βελτιόνων μὲν, ἀηδεστέρων δὲ, μᾶλλον αἱρετέον.

39. Οἱ πρεσβῦται τῶν νέων τὰ μὲν πολλὰ νοσέουσιν ἧσσον· ὅσα δ᾿ ἂν αὐτέοισι χρόνια νοσήματα γένηται, τὰ πολλὰ ξυναποθνήσκει.

40. Βράγχοι καὶ κόρυζαι τοῖσι σφόδρα πρεσβύτῃσιν οὐ πεπαίνονται.

41. Οἱ ἐκλυόμενοι πολλάκις καὶ ἰσχυρῶς, ἄνευ φανερῆς προφάσιος,
ἐξαπίνης τελευτῶσιν.

42. Λύειν ἀποπληξίην ἰσχυρὴν μὲν ἀδύνατον, ἀσθενέα δὲ,
οὐ ῥηΐδιον.

43. Τῶν ἀπαγχομένων καὶ καταλυομένων, μηδέπω δὲ τεθνηκότων,
οὐκ ἀναφέρουσιν, οἷσιν ἂν ἀφρὸς ᾖ περὶ τὸ στόμα.

44. Οἱ παχέες σφόδρα κατὰ φύσιν, ταχυθάνατοι γίνονται
μᾶλλον τῶν ἰσχνῶν.

45. Τῶν ἐπιληπτικῶν τοῖσι νέοισιν ἀπαλλαγὴν αἱ μεταβολαὶ
μάλιστα τῆς ἡλικίης, καὶ τῶν χωρίων, καὶ τῶν βίων ποιέουσιν.

46. Δύο πόνων ἅμα γινομένων μὴ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον, ὁ
σφοδρότερος ἀμαυροῖ τὸν ἕτερον.

47. Περὶ τὰς γενέσιας τοῦ πύου οἱ πόνοι καὶ οἱ πυρετοὶ ξυμβαίνουσι
μᾶλλον, ἢ γενομένου.

48. Ἐν πάσῃ κινήσει τοῦ σώματος, ὁκόταν ἄρχηται πονέειν,
τὸ διαναπαύειν εὐθὺς, ἄκοπον.

49. Οἱ εἰθισμένοι τοὺς ξυνήθεας πόνους φέρειν, κἢν ὦσιν ἀσθενέες
ἢ γέροντες, τῶν ἀξυνηθέων ἰσχυρῶν τε καὶ νέων ῥᾷον φέρουσιν.

50. Τὰ ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου ξυνήθεα, κἂν ᾖ χείρω τῶν ἀξυνηθέων,
ἧσσον ἐνοχλεῖν εἴωθεν· δεῖ δὲ καὶ ἐς τὰ ἀξυνήθεα μεταβάλλειν.

51. Τὸ κατὰ πολὺ καὶ ἐξαπίνης κενοῦν, ἢ πληροῦν, ἢ θερμαίνειν,
ἢ ψύχειν, ἢ ἄλλως ὁκωσοῦν τὸ σῶμα κινέειν, σφαλερὸν,
καὶ πᾶν τὸ πολὺ τῇ φύσει πολέμιον· τὸ δὲ κατ᾿ ὀλίγον, ἀσφαλὲς,
καὶ ἄλλως, ἤν τις ἐξ ἑτέρου ἐφ᾿ ἕτερον μεταβαίνῃ.

52. Πάντα κατὰ λόγον ποιέοντι, μὴ γινομένων τῶν κατὰ
λόγον, μὴ μεταβαίνειν ἐφ᾿ ἕτερον, μένοντος τοῦ δόξαντος ἐξ ἀρχῆς.

53. Ὁκόσοι τὰς κοιλίας ὑγρὰς ἔχουσιν, νέοι μὲν ἐόντες, βέλτιον
ἀπαλλάσσουσι τῶν ξηρὰς ἐχόντων, ἐς δὲ τὸ γῆρας χεῖρον ἀπαλλάσσουσιν·
ξηραίνονται γὰρ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πουλὺ ἀπογηράκουσιν.

54. Μεγέθει δὲ σώματος, ἐννεάσαι μὲν, ἐλευθέριον καὶ
οὐκ ἀηδές· ἐγγηρᾶσαι δὲ, δύσχρηστον καὶ χεῖρον τῶν ἐλασσόνων.

Aphorismi. Hippocrates. ed. Émile Littré. Paris. 1844.

Funding provided by Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

Current edition First1KGreek

Aphorismi (Greek) (Hippocrates. Oeuvres complètes d'Hippocrate, Vol. 4. Littré, Émile, editor. Paris: Baillière, 1844)

Editions (1)

Ἀφορισμοί Perseus (Hippocrates. Oeuvres complètes d’Hippocrate, Vol. 4. Littré, Émile, editor. Adolf M. Hakkert: Amsterdam, 1961 (printing).) — 2 focus

ΤΜΗΜΑ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΝ.

1.

ἐν ᾧ νοσήματι ὕπνος πόνον ποιέει, θανάσιμον· ἢν δὲ ὕπνος ὠφελέῃ, οὐ θανάσιμον.

2.

ὅκου παραφροσύνην ὕπνος παύει, ἀγαθόν.

3.

ὕπνος, ἀγρυπνίη, ἀμφότερα τοῦ μετρίου μᾶλλον γενόμενα, κακόν.

4.

οὐ πλησμονὴ, οὐ λιμὸς, οὐδʼ ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἀγαθὸν, ὅ τι ἂν μᾶλλον τῆς φύσιος ᾖ.

5.

κόποι αὐτόματοι φράζουσι νούσους.

6.

ὁκόσοι, πονέοντές τι τοῦ σώματος, τὰ πολλὰ τῶν πόνων οὐκ αἰσθάνονται, τουτέοισιν ἡ γνώμη νοσέεει.

7.

τὰ ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ λεπτυνόμενα σώματα νωθρῶς ἐπανατρέφειν, τὰ δὲ ἐν ὀλίγῳ, ὀλίγως.

8.

ἢν ἐκ νούσου τροφὴν λαμβάνων τις μὴ ἰσχύῃ, σημαίνει ὅτι πλείονι τροφῇ τὸ σῶμα χρέεται· ἢν δὲ, τροφὴν μὴ λαμβάνοντος, τοῦτο γίγνηται, χρὴ εἰδέναι, ὅτι κενώσιος δεῖται.

9.

τὰ σώματα χρὴ, ὅκου τις βούλεται καθαίρειν, εὔροα ποιέειν.

10.

τὰ μὴ καθαρὰ τῶν σωμάτων, ὁκόσῳ ἂν θρέψῃς μᾶλλον, βλάψεις.

11.

ῥᾷον πληροῦσθαι ποτοῦ, ἢ σιτίου.

12.

τὰ ἐγκαταλιμπανόμενα ἐν τῇσι νούσοισι μετὰ κρίσιν, ὑποστροφὰς ποιέειν εἴωθεν.

13.

Ὁκόσοισι κρίσις γίνεται, τουτέοισιν ἡ νὺξ δύσφορος, ἡ πρὸ τοῦ παροξυσμοῦ, ἡ δὲ ἐπιοῦσα εὐφορωτέρη ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πουλύ.

14.

ἐν τῇσι τῆς κοιλίης ῥύσεσιν αἱ μεταβολαὶ τῶν διαχωρημάτων ὠφελέουσιν, ἢν μὴ ἐς τὰ πονηρὰ μεταβάλλῃ.

15.

ὅκου φάρυγξ νοσέει, ἢ φύματα ἐν τῷ σώματι ἐκφύεται, τὰς ἐκκρίσιας σκέπτεσθαι· ἢν γὰρ χολώδεες ἔωσι, τὸ σῶμα ξυννοσέει· ἢν δὲ ὅμοιαι τοῖσιν ὑγιαίνουσι γίγνωνται, ἀσφαλὲς τὸ σῶμα τρέφειν.

16.

ὅκου λιμὸς, οὐ δεῖ πονέειν.

17.

ὅκου ἂν τροφὴ πλείων παρὰ φύσιν ἐσέλθῃ, τοῦτο νοῦσον ποιέει, δηλοῖ δὲ ἡ ἴησις.

18.

τῶν τρεφόντων ἀθρόως καὶ ταχέως, ταχεῖαι καὶ αἱ διαχωρήσιες γίνονται.

19.

τῶν ὀξέων νοσημάτων οὐ πάμπαν ἀσφαλέες αἱ προδιαγορεύσιες, οὔτε τοῦ θανάτου, οὔτε τῆς ὑγιείης.

20.

Ὁκόσοισι νέοισιν ἐοῦσιν αἱ κοιλίαι ὑγραί εἰσι, τουτέοισιν ἀπογηράσκουσι ξηραίνονται· ὁκόσοισι δὲ νέοισιν ἐοῦσιν αἱ κοιλίαι ξηραί εἰσι, τουτέοισι πρεσβυτέροισι γινομένοισιν ὑγραίνονται.

21.

λιμὸν θώρηξις λύει.

22.

ἀπὸ πλησμονῆς ὁκόσα ἂν νοσήματα γένηται, κένωσις ἰῆται, καὶ ὁκόσα ἀπὸ κενώσιος, πλησμονὴ, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἡ ὑπεναντίωσις.

23.

τὰ ὀξέα τῶν νουσημάτων κρίνεται ἐν τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα ἡμέρῃσιν.

24.

τῶν ἑπτὰ ἡ τετάρτη ἐπίδηλος· ἑτέρης ἑβδομάδος ἡ ὀγδόη ἀρχὴ, θεωρητὴ δὲ ἡ ἑνδεκάτη, αὕτη γάρ ἐστι τετάρτη τῆς ἑτέρης ἑβδομάδος· θεωρητὴ δὲ πάλιν ἡ ἑπτακαιδεκάτη, αὕτη γάρ ἐστι τετάρτη μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτης, ἑβδόμη δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἑνδεκάτης.

25.

οἱ θερινοὶ τεταρταῖοι τὰ πολλὰ γίνονται βραχέες, οἱ δὲ φθινοπωρινοὶ, μακροὶ, καὶ μάλιστα οἱ πρὸς τὸν χειμῶνα ξυνάπτοντες.

26.

πυρετὸν ἐπὶ σπασμῷ βέλτιον γενέσθαι, ἢ σπασμὸν ἐπὶ πυρετῷ.

27.

τοῖσι μὴ κατὰ λόγον κουφίζουσιν οὐ δεῖ πιστεύειν, οὐδὲ φοβέεσθαι λίην τὰ μοχθηρὰ γινόμενα παραλόγως· τὰ γὰρ πολλὰ τῶν τοιουτέων ἐστὶν ἀβέβαια, καὶ οὐ πάνυ τι διαμένειν, οὐδὲ χρονίζειν εἴωθεν.

28.

τῶν πυρεσσόντων μὴ παντάπασιν ἐπιπολαίως, τὸ διαμένειν, καὶ μηδὲν ἐνδιδόναι τὸ σῶμα, ἢ καὶ συντήκεσθαι μᾶλλον τοῦ κατὰ λόγον, μοχθηρόν· τὸ μὲν γὰρ μῆκος νούσου σημαίνει, τὸ δὲ, ἀσθένειαν.

29.

ἀρχομένων τῶν νούσων, ἤν τι δοκέῃ κινέειν, κίνει· ἀκμαζουσῶν δὲ, ἡσυχίην ἔχειν βέλτιόν ἐστιν.

30.

περὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰ τέλη, πάντα ἀσθενέστατα, περὶ δὲ τὰς ἀκμὰς, ἰσχυρότατα.

31.

τῷ ἐξ ἀῤῥωστίης εὐσιτεῦντι, μηδὲν ἐπιδιδόναι τὸ σῶμα, μοχθηρόν.

32.

ὡς τὰ πολλὰ πάντες οἱ φαύλως ἔχοντες, κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν εὐσιτεῦντες, καὶ μηδὲν ἐπιδιδόντες, πρὸς τῷ τέλει πάλιν ἀσιτέουσιν· οἱ δὲ κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν ἀσιτεῦντες ἰσχυρῶς, ὕστερον δὲ εὐσιτεῦντες, βέλτιον ἀπαλλάσσουσιν.

33.

ἐν πάσῃ νούσῳ τὸ ἐῤῥῶσθαι τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ εὖ ἔχειν πρὸς τὰς προσφορὰς, ἀγαθόν· τὸ δὲ ἐναντίον, κακόν.

34.

ἐν τῇσι νούσοισιν ἧσσον κινδυνεύουσιν, οἷσιν ἂν οἰκείη τῆς φύσιος, καὶ τῆς ἕξιος, καὶ τῆς ἡλικίης, καὶ τῆς ὥρης ἡ νοῦσος ᾖ μᾶλλον, ἢ οἷσιν ἂν μὴ οἰκείη κατά τι τουτέων ᾖ.

35.

ἐν πάσῃσι τῇσι νούσοισι, τὰ περὶ τὸν ὀμφαλὸν καὶ τὸ ἦτρον πάχος ἔχειν βέλτιόν ἐστι, τὸ δὲ σφόδρα λεπτὸν καὶ ἐκτετηκὸς, μοχθηρόν· ἐπισφαλὲς δὲ τὸ τοιοῦτον καὶ πρὸς τὰς κάτω καθάρσιας.

36.

οἱ ὑγιεινῶς ἔχοντες τὰ σώματα, ἐν τῇσι φαρμακείῃσι καθαιρόμενοι ἐκλύονται ταχέως, καὶ οἱ πονηρῇ τροφῇ χρεόμενοι.

37.

οἱ εὖ τὰ σώματα ἔχοντες, φαρμακεύεσθαι ἐργώδεες.

38.

τὸ σμικρῷ χεῖρον καὶ πόμα καὶ σιτίον, ἥδιον δὲ, τῶν βελτιόνων μὲν, ἀηδεστέρων δὲ, μᾶλλον αἱρετέον.

39.

οἱ πρεσβῦται τῶν νέων τὰ μὲν πολλὰ νοσέουσιν ἧσσον· ὅσα δʼ ἂν αὐτέοισι χρόνια νοσήματα γένηται, τὰ πολλὰ ξυναποθνήσκει.

40.

βράγχοι καὶ κόρυζαι τοῖσι σφόδρα πρεσβύτῃσιν οὐ πεπαίνονται.

41.

οἱ ἐκλυόμενοι πολλάκις καὶ ἰσχυρῶς, ἄνευ φανερῆς προφάσιος, ἐξαπίνης τελευτῶσιν.

42.

λύειν ἀποπληξίην ἰσχυρὴν μὲν ἀδύνατον, ἀσθενέα δὲ, οὐ ῥηΐδιον.

43.

τῶν ἀπαγχομένων καὶ καταλυομένων, μηδέπω δὲ τεθνηκότων, οὐκ ἀναφέρουσιν, οἷσιν ἂν ἀφρὸς ᾖ περὶ τὸ στόμα.

44.

οἱ παχέες σφόδρα κατὰ φύσιν, ταχυθάνατοι γίνονται μᾶλλον τῶν ἰσχνῶν.

45.

τῶν ἐπιληπτικῶν τοῖσι νέοισιν ἀπαλλαγὴν αἱ μεταβολαὶ μάλιστα τῆς ἡλικίης, καὶ τῶν χωρίων, καὶ τῶν βίων ποιέουσιν.

46.

δύο πόνων ἅμα γινομένων μὴ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον, ὁ σφοδρότερος ἀμαυροι τὸν ἕτερον.

47.

περὶ τὰς γενέσιας τοῦ πύου οἱ πόνοι καὶ οἱ πυρετοὶ ξυμβαίνουσι μᾶλλον, ἢ γενομένου.

48.

ἐν πάσῃ κινήσει τοῦ σώματος, ὁκόταν ἄρχηται πονέειν, τὸ διαναπαύειν εὐθὺς, ἄκοπον.

49.

οἱ εἰθισμένοι τοὺς ξυνήθεας πόνους φέρειν, κἢν ὦσιν ἀσθενέες ἢ γέροντες, τῶν ἀξυνηθέων ἰσχυρῶν τε καὶ νέων ῥᾷον φέρουσιν.

50.

τὰ ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου ξυνήθεα, κἂν ᾖ χείρω τῶν ἀξυνηθέων, ἧσσον ἐνοχλεῖν εἴωθεν· δεῖ δὲ καὶ ἐς τὰ ἀξυνήθεα μεταβάλλειν

51.

τὸ κατὰ πολὺ καὶ ἐξαπίνης κενοῦν, ἢ πληροῦν, ἢ θερμαίνειν, ἢ ψύχειν, ἢ ἄλλως ὁκωσοῦν τὸ σῶμα κινέειν, σφαλερὸν, καὶ πᾶν τὸ πολὺ τῇ φύσει πολέμιον· τὸ δὲ κατʼ ὀλίγον, ἀσφαλὲς, καὶ ἄλλως, ἤν τις ἐξ ἑτέρου ἐφʼ ἕτερον μεταβαίνῃ.

52.

πάντα κατὰ λόγον ποιέοντι, μὴ γινομένων τῶν κατὰ λόγον, μὴ μεταβαίνειν ἐφʼ ἕτερον, μένοντος τοῦ δόξαντος ἐξ ἀρχῆς.

53.

ὁκόσοι τὰς κοιλίας ὑγρὰς ἔχουσιν, νέοι μὲν ἐόντες, βέλτιον ἀπαλλάσσουσι τῶν ξηρὰς ἐχόντων, ἐς δὲ τὸ γῆρας χεῖρον ἀπαλλάσσουσιν· ξηραίνονται γὰρ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πουλὺ ἀπογηράσκουσιν.

54.

μεγέθει δὲ σώματος, ἐννεάσαι μὲν, ἐλευθέριον καὶ οὐκ ἀηδές· ἐγγηρᾶσαι δὲ, δύσχρηστον καὶ χεῖρον τῶν ἐλασσόνων.

Translations (1)

Aphorisms Perseus (Hippocrates, The Genuine Works of Hippocrates, Vol. 2. Adams, Francis, translator. New York: William Wood and Company, 1886.) — 2 focus

SECTION II

In whatever disease sleep is laborious, it is a deadly symptom; but if sleep does good, it is not deadly.

When sleep puts an end to delirium, it is a good symptom.

Both sleep and insomnolency, when immoderate, are bad.

Neither repletion, nor fasting, nor anything else, is good when more than natural.

Spontaneous lassitude indicates disease.

Persons who have a painful affection in any part of the body, and are in a great measure sensible of the pain, are disordered in intellect.

Those bodies which have been slowly emaciated should be slowly recruited; and those which have been quickly emaciated should be quickly recruited.

When a person after a disease takes food, but does not improve in strength, it indicates that the body uses more food than is proper; but if this happen when he does not take food, it is to be understood evacuation is required.

When one wishes to purge, he should put the body into a fluent state.

Bodies not properly cleansed, the more you nourish the more you injure.

It is easier to fill up with drink than with food.

What remains in diseases after the crisis is apt to produce relapses.

Persons in whom a crisis takes place pass the night preced-ing the paroxysm uncomfortably, but the succeeding night generally more comfortably.

In fluxes of the bowels, a change of the dejections does good, unless the change be of a bad character.

When the throat is diseased, or tubercles ( phymata) form on the body, attention must paid to the secretions; for if they be bilious, the disease affects the general system; but if they resemble those of a healthy person, it is safe to give nourishing food.

When in a state of hunger, one ought not to undertake labor.

When more food than is proper has been taken, it occasions disease; this is shown by the treatment.

From food which proves nourishing to the body either immediately or shortly, the dejections also are immediate.

In acute diseases it is not quite safe to prognosticate either death or recovery.

Those who have watery discharges from their bowels when young have dry when they are old; and those who have dry discharges when they are young will have watery when they are old.

Drinking strong wine cures hunger.

Diseases which arise from repletion are cured by depletion; and those that arise from depletion are cured by repletion; and in general, diseases are cured by their contraries.

Acute disease come to a crisis in fourteen days.

The fourth day is indicative of the seventh; the eighth is the commencement of the second week; and hence, the eleventh being the fourth of the second week, is also indicative; and again, the seventeenth is indicative, as being the fourth from the fourteenth, and the seventh from the eleventh.

The summer quartans are, for the most part, of short duration; but the autumnal are protracted, especially those occurring near the approach of winter.

It is better that a fever succeed to a convulsion, than a convulsion to a fever.

We should not trust ameliorations in diseases when they are not regular, nor be much afraid of bad symptoms which occur in an irregular form; for such are commonly inconstant, and do not usually continue, nor have any duration.

In fevers which are not altogether slight, it is a bad symptom for the body to remain without any diminution of bulk, or to be wasted beyond measure; for the one state indicates a protracted disease, and the other weakness of body.

If it appear that evacuations are required, they should be made at the commencement of diseases; at the acme it is better to be quiet.

Toward the commencement and end of diseases all the symptoms are weaker, and toward the acme they are stronger.

When a person who is recovering from a disease has a good appetite, but his body does not improve in condition, it is a bad symptom.

For the most part, all persons in ill health, who have a good appetite at the commencement, but do not improve, have a bad appetite again toward the end; whereas, those who have a very bad appetite at the commencement, and afterward acquire a good appetite, get better off.

In every disease it is a good sign when the patient’s intellect is sound, and he is disposed to take whatever food is offered to him; but the contrary is bad.

In diseases, there is less danger when the disease is one to which the patient’s constitution, habit, age, and the season are allied, than when it is one to which they are not allied.

In all diseases it is better that the umbilical and hypogastric regions preserve their fullness; and it is a bad sign when they are very slender and emaciated; in the latter case it is dangerous to administer purgatives.

Persons in good health quickly lose their strength by taking purgative medicines, or using bad food.

Purgative medicines agree ill with persons in good health.

An article of food or drink which is slightly worse, but more palatable, is to be preferred to such as are better but less palatable.

Old have fewer complaints than young; but those chronic diseases which do befall them generally never leave them.

Catarrhs and coryza in very old people are not concocted.

Persons who have had frequent and severe attacks of swooning, without any manifest cause, die suddenly.

It is impossible to remove a strong attack of apoplexy, and not easy to remove a weak attack.

Of persons who have been suspended by the neck, and are in a state of insensibility, but not quite dead, those do not recover who have foam at the mouth.

Persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender.

Epilepsy in young persons is most frequently removed by changes of air, of country, and of modes of life.

Of two pains occurring together, not in the same part of the body, the stronger weakens the other.

Pains and fevers occur rather at the formation of pus than when it is already formed.

In every movement of the body, whenever one begins to endure pain, it will be relieved by rest.

Those who are accustomed to endure habitual labors, although they be weak or old, bear them better than strong and young persons who have not been so accustomed.

Those things which one has been accustomed to for a long time, although worse than things which one is not accustomed to, usually give less disturbance; but a change must sometimes be made to things one is not accustomed to.

To evacuate, fill up, heat, cool, or otherwise, move the body in any way much and suddenly, is dangerous; and whatever is excessive is inimical to nature; but whatever is done by little and little is safe, more especially when a transition is made from one thing to another.

When doing everything according to indications, although things may not turn out agreeably to indication, we should not change to another while the original appearances remain.

Those persons who have watery discharges from the bowels when they are young, come off better than those who have dry; but in old age they come off worse, for the bowels in aged persons are usually dried up.

Largeness of person in youth is noble and not unbecoming; but in old age it is inconvenient, and worse than a smaller structure.

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