Pausanias, Description of Greece, ed. Friedrich Spiro, 9.7

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[1]
τότε δὲ τοὺς Θηβαίους γενομένους ἀναστάτους ὑπὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ διαπεσόντας ἐς Ἀθήνας ὕστερον Κάσσανδρος ὁ Ἀντιπάτρου κατήγαγεν. ἐς δὲ τῶν Θηβῶν τὸν οἰκισμὸν προθυμότατοι μὲν ἐγένοντο Ἀθηναῖοι, συνεπελάβοντο δὲ καὶ Μεσσήνιοι καὶ Ἀρκάδων οἱ Μεγάλην πόλιν ἔχοντες.

[2] δοκεῖ δέ μοι τὰς Θήβας οἰκίσαι ὁ Κάσσανδρος κατὰ ἔχθος Ἀλεξάνδρου μάλιστα· ἐπεξῆλθε δὲ καὶ τὸν πάντα οἶκον Ἀλεξάνδρου φθείρων, ὃς Ὀλυμπιάδα γε παρέβαλε καταλεῦσαι τοῖς ἐπʼ αὐτὴν Μακεδόνων παρωξυσμένοις καὶ τοὺς παῖδας Ἀλεξάνδρου τόν τε ἐκ Βαρσίνης Ἡρακλέα καὶ Ἀλέξανδρον τὸν ἐκ Ῥωξάνης ἀπέκτεινεν ὑπὸ φαρμάκων. οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ αὐτὸς χαίρων τὸν βίον κατέστρεψεν· ἐπλήσθη γὰρ ὑδέρῳ, καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ ζῶντι ἐγένοντο εὐλαί.

[3] τῶν δέ οἱ παίδων Φίλιππον μὲν τὸν πρεσβύτατον, ὡς μετʼ οὐ πολὺ παρέλαβε τὴν ἀρχήν, ἀπήγαγεν ὑπολαβοῦσα 0 νόσος φθινώδης, Ἀντίπατρος δὲ ὁ μετʼ ἐκεῖνον Θεσσαλονίκην τὴν μητέρα ἀποκτίννυσι, Φιλίππου τε οὖσαν τοῦ Ἀμύντου καὶ Νικασιπόλιδος· ἀπέκτεινε δὲ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ νέμειν πλέον εὐνοίας αἰτιασάμενος. ὁ δὲ Ἀλέξανδρος ἦν νεώτατος τῶν Κασσάνδρου παίδων· ἐπαγαγόμενος δὲ Δημήτριον τὸν Ἀντιγόνου καθεῖλε μὲν διʼ ἐκείνου καὶ ἐτιμωρήσατο τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀντίπατρον, ἀνεφάνη μέντοι φονέα ἐξευρηκὼς ἑαυτῷ καὶ οὐ σύμμαχον.

[4] Κασσάνδρῳ μὲν ὅστις δὴ θεῶν τὴν δίκην ἔμελλεν ἀποδώσειν· Θηβαίοις δὲ ἐπὶ μὲν Κασσάνδρου πᾶς ὁ ἀρχαῖος περίβολος ἀνῳκίσθη, ἔδει δὲ ἄρα καὶ ὕστερον κακῶν σφᾶς μεγάλων γεύσασθαι. Μιθριδάτῃ γὰρ καταστάντι ἐς τὸν πρὸς Ῥωμαίους πόλεμον προσεχώρησαν Θηβαῖοι κατʼ ἄλλο ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν οὐδέν, τοῦ δὲ Ἀθηναίων δήμου φιλίᾳ. Σύλλα δὲ ἐσβαλόντος ἐς τὴν Βοιωτίαν δεῖμα ἔσχε τοὺς Θηβαίους, καὶ ἐγνωσιμάχησάν τε αὐτίκα καὶ ἐτράποντο αὖθις ἐς τὴν Ῥωμαίων φιλίαν.

[5] Σύλλας δὲ ἐς αὐτοὺς ἐχρῆτο ὅμως τῷ θυμῷ, καὶ ἄλλα τε ἐξεῦρεν ἐπὶ λύμῃ τῶν Θηβαίων καὶ τὴν ἡμίσειαν ἀπετέμετο αὐτῶν τῆς χώρας κατὰ πρόφασιν τοιαύτην. ἡνίκα ἤρχετο τοῦ πρὸς Μιθριδάτην πολέμου, χρημάτων ἐσπάνιζε· συνέλεξεν οὖν ἔκ τε Ὀλυμπίας ἀναθήματα καὶ τὰ ἐξ Ἐπιδαύρου καὶ τὰ ἐκ Δελφῶν, ὁπόσα ὑπελίποντο οἱ Φωκεῖς·

[6] ταῦτα μὲν δὴ διένειμε τῇ στρατιᾷ, τοῖς θεοῖς δὲ ἀντέδωκεν ἀντὶ τῶν χρημάτων γῆς τὴν ἡμίσειαν τῆς Θηβαΐδος. τὴν μὲν δὴ ἀφαίρετον χώραν ὕστερον Ῥωμαίων χάριτι ἀνεσώσαντο οἱ Θηβαῖοι, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα ἐς τὸ ἀσθενέστατον ἀπʼ ἐκείνου προήχθησαν· 0 καί σφισιν ἡ μὲν κάτω πόλις πᾶσα ἔρημος ἦν ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ πλὴν τὰ ἱερά, τὴν δὲ ἀκρόπολιν οἰκοῦσι Θήβας καὶ οὐ Καδμείαν καλουμένην.

Description of Greece. Pausanias. ed. Friedrich Spiro. Leipzig. 1903.

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Current edition Perseus

Ἑλλάδος Περιηγήσεως (Greek) (Pausanias. Pausaniae Graeciae descriptio, Volumes 1-3. Spiro, Friedrich, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1903.)

Translations (2)

Description of Greece Perseus (Pausanias. Pausanias Description of Greece, Volumes 1-4. Jones, W.H.S. (William Henry Samuel), translator; Ormerod, Henry Arderne, translator. London, New York: W. Heinemann, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1918-1935.) — 9.7 focus

[1]
On this occasion the Thebans were removed from their homes by Alexander, and straggled to Athens ; afterwards they were restored by Cassander, son of Antipater. Heartiest in their support of the restoration of Thebes were the Athenians, and they were helped by Messenians and the Arcadians of Megalopolis .

[2] My own view is that in building Thebes Cassander was mainly influenced by hatred of Alexander. He destroyed the whole house of Alexander to the bitter end. Olympias he threw to the exasperated Macedonians to be stoned to death; and the sons of Alexander, Heracles by Barsina and Alexander by Roxana, he killed by poison. But he himself was not to come to a good end. He was filled with dropsy, and from the dropsy came worms while he was yet alive.

[3] Philip, the eldest of his sons, shortly after coming to the throne was seized by a wasting disease which proved fatal. Antipater, the next son, murdered his mother Thessalonice, the daughter of Philip, son of Amyntas, and of Nicasipolis, charging her with being too fond of Alexander, who was the youngest of Cassander's sons. Getting the support of Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, he deposed with his help and punished his brother Antipater. However, it appeared that in Demetrius he found a murderer and not an ally.

[4] So some god was to exact from Cassander a just requital. In the time of Cassander all the ancient circuit of the Theban walls was rebuilt, but fate after all willed that afterwards the Thebans were again to taste the cup of great misfortune. For when Mithridates had begun the war with the Romans, he was joined by the Thebans, for no other reason, in my opinion, except their friendship for the Athenian people. But when Sulla invaded Boeotia , terror seized the Thebans; they at once changed sides, and sought the friendship of the Romans.

[5] Sulla nevertheless was angry with them, and among his plans to humble them was to cut away one half of their territory. His pretext was as follows. When he began the war against Mithridates, he was short of funds. So he collected offerings from Olympia , those at Epidaurus , and all those at Delphi that had been left by the Phocians.

[6] These he divided among his soldiery, and repaid the gods with half of the Theban territory. Although by favour of the Romans the Thebans afterwards recovered the land of which they had been deprived, yet from this point they sank into the greatest depths of weakness. The lower city of Thebes is all deserted to-day, except the sanctuaries, and the people live on the citadel, which they call Thebes and not Cadmeia.

English (Jones and Ormerod; retranslated Gregory Nagy, CHS, 2018) (OCR draft) Experimental (CHS Pausanias Reader retranslation by Gregory Nagy, based on Jones and Ormerod, with marked Greek terms, notes, quotations, and bibliographic attributions preserved.) — 9.7 focus

[1] On this occasion the Thebans were removed from their homes by Alexander, and straggled to Athens; afterwards they were restored by Kassandros, son of Antipatros. Heartiest in their support of the restoration of Thebes were the Athenians, and they were helped by Messenians and the Arcadians of Megalopolis.

[2] My own view is that in building Thebes Kassandros was mainly influenced by hatred of Alexander. He destroyed the whole house of Alexander to the bitter end. Olympias he threw to the exasperated Macedonians to be stoned to death; and the sons of Alexander, Hēraklēs by Barsina and Alexander by Rōxanē, he killed by poison. But he himself was not to come to a good end. He was filled with dropsy, and from the dropsy came worms while he was yet alive.

[3] Philip, the eldest of his sons, shortly after coming to the throne was seized by a wasting disease which proved fatal. Antipatros, the next son, murdered his mother Thessalonikē, the daughter of Philip, son of Amyntas, and of Nicasipolis, charging her with being too fond of Alexander, who was the youngest of the sons of Kassandros. Getting the support of Demetrios, the son of Antigonos, he deposed with his help and punished his brother Antipatros. However, it appeared that in Demetrios he found a murderer and not an ally.

[4] So some god was to exact from Kassandros a just requital. In the time of Kassandros all the ancient circuit of the Theban walls was rebuilt, but fate after all willed that afterwards the Thebans were again to taste the cup of great misfortune. For when Mithridates had begun the war with the Romans, he was joined by the Thebans, for no other reason, in my opinion, except their friendship for the Athenian people. But when Sulla invaded Boeotia, terror seized the Thebans; they at once changed sides, and sought the friendship of the Romans.

[5] Sulla nevertheless was angry with them, and among his plans to humble them was to cut away one half of their territory. His pretext was as follows. When he began the war against Mithridates, he was short of funds. So he collected offerings from Olympia, those at Epidaurus, and all those at Delphi that had been left by the men of Phokis.

[6] These he divided among his soldiery, and repaid the gods with half of the Theban territory. Although by favor of the Romans the Thebans afterwards recovered the land of which they had been deprived, yet from this point they sank into the greatest depths of weakness. The lower city of Thebes is all deserted today, except the sanctuaries, and the people live on the citadel, which they call Thebes and not Cadmeia.

New Alexandria Commentaries

Gregory Nagy, Editors: Angelia Hanhardt and Keith DeStone, Web producer: Noel Spencer, Consultant for images: Jill Curry Robbins, \[\[Noel gives this a separate URN\]\]

Pausanias Description of Greece 9.7

ed. Friedrich Spiro

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