Pausanias, Description of Greece, ed. Friedrich Spiro, 6.21

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[1]
τὸ δὲ ἕτερον τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου μέρος οὐ χῶμα γῆς ἐστιν, ὄρος δὲ οὐχ ὑψηλόν. ἐπὶ τῷ πέρατι τοῦ ὄρους ἱερὸν πεποίηται Δήμητρι ἐπίκλησιν Χαμύνῃ· καὶ οἱ μὲν ἀρχαῖον τὸ ὄνομα ἥγηνται, χανεῖν γὰρ τὴν γῆν ἐνταῦθα τὸ ἅρμα τοῦ Ἅιδου καὶ αὖθις μύσαι· οἱ δὲ Χάμυνον ἄνδρα Πισαῖον Πανταλέοντι ἐναντιούμενον τῷ Ὀμφαλίωνος τυραννοῦντι ἐν Πίσῃ καὶ ἀπόστασιν βουλεύοντι ἀπὸ Ἠλείων, ἀποθανεῖν φασιν αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ Πανταλέοντος καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Χαμύνου τῆς οὐσίας τῇ Δήμητρι οἰκοδομηθῆναι τὸ ἱερόν.

[2] ἀγάλματα δὲ ἀντὶ τῶν ἀρχαίων Κόρην καὶ Δήμητρα λίθου τοῦ Πεντελῆσιν Ἀθηναῖος ἀνέθηκεν Ἡρώδης.
ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ τῷ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ πεντάθλοις μὲν καθεστήκασιν ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ δρομεῦσιν αἱ μελέται, κρηπὶς δὲ ἐν τῷ ὑπαίθρῳ λίθου πεποίηται· τὸ δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ τρόπαιον κατὰ Ἀρκάδων ἐπὶ τῇ κρηπῖδι εἱστήκει. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλος ἐλάσσων περίβολος ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τῆς ἐσόδου τῆς ἐς τὸ γυμνάσιον, καὶ αἱ παλαῖστραι τοῖς ἀθληταῖς εἰσιν ἐνταῦθα· τῆς στοᾶς δὲ τῆς πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα ἥλιον τοῦ γυμνασίου προσεχεῖς τῷ τοίχῳ τῶν ἀθλητῶν εἰσιν αἱ οἰκήσεις, ἐπί τε ἄνεμον τετραμμέναι Λίβα καὶ ἡλίου δυσμάς.

[3] διαβάντων δὲ τὸν Κλάδεον 0 τάφος τε Οἰνομάου γῆς χῶμα περιῳκοδομημένον λίθοις ἐστὶ καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ μνήματος ἐρείπια οἰκοδομημάτων, ἔνθα τῷ Οἰνομάῳ τὰς ἵππους αὐλίζεσθαι λέγουσιν.
ὅροι δὲ πρὸς Ἀρκάδας τῆς χώρας τὰ μὲν παρόντα Ἠλείοις, τὰ δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς οἱ αὐτοὶ Πισαίοις καθεστήκεσαν ἀνέχοντες κατὰ τάδε. διαβάντων δὲ ποταμὸν Ἐρύμανθον κατὰ τὴν Σαύρου καλουμένην δειράδα τοῦ Σαύρου τε μνῆμα καὶ ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἡρακλέους, ἐρείπια ἐφʼ ἡμῶν· λέγουσι δὲ ὡς ὁδοιπόρους τε καὶ τοὺς προσοικοῦντας ὁ Σαῦρος ἐκακούργει, πρὶν ἢ παρὰ Ἡρακλέους τὴν δίκην ἔσχε.

[4] κατὰ ταύτην τὴν ἐπώνυμον τοῦ λῃστοῦ δειράδα ποταμὸς ἀπὸ μεσημβρίας κατιὼν ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειὸν καταντικρὺ τοῦ Ἐρυμάνθου μάλιστα, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τὴν Πισαίαν πρὸς Ἀρκάδας διορίζων, ὄνομα δέ οἱ Διάγων. τεσσαράκοντα δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς Σαύρου δειράδος προελθόντι στάδια ἔστιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ ναός, ἐπίκλησιν μὲν Δημαινέτου ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱδρυσαμένου, ἐρείπια δὲ καὶ αὐτός· ᾠκοδομήθη δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὑψηλοῦ παρὰ τὸν Ἀλφειόν.

[5] τούτου δὲ οὐ πόρρω ἱερὸν Διονύσου Λευκυανίτου πεποίηται, καὶ ποταμὸς παρέξεισι ταύτῃ Λευκυανίας· ἐκδίδωσι μὲν οὖν καὶ οὗτος ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειόν, κάτεισι δὲ ἐκ Φολόης τοῦ ὄρους. διαβήσῃ τε δὴ τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου τὸν Ἀλφειὸν καὶ ἐντὸς γῆς ἔσῃ τῆς Πισαίας.

[6]
ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ χώρᾳ λόφος ἐστὶν ἀνήκων ἐς ὀξύ, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῷ πόλεως Φρίξας ἐρείπια καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ἐστιν ἐπίκλησιν Κυδωνίας ναός. οὗτος μὲν οὐ τὰ πάντα ἐστὶ σῶς, 0 βωμὸς δὲ καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἔτι· ἱδρύσασθαι δὲ τῇ θεῷ τὸ ἱερὸν Κλύμενόν φασιν ἀπόγονον Ἡρακλέους τοῦ Ἰδαίου, παραγενέσθαι δὲ αὐτὸν ἀπὸ Κυδωνίας τῆς Κρητικῆς καὶ τοῦ Ἰαρδάνου ποταμοῦ. λέγουσι δὲ καὶ Πέλοπα οἱ Ἠλεῖοι τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ θῦσαι τῇ Κυδωνίᾳ πρὶν ἢ ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα αὐτὸν τῷ Οἰνομάῳ καθίστασθαι.

[7] προϊόντι δὲ ἐντεῦθεν τό τε ὕδωρ τῆς Παρθενίας ἐστὶ καὶ πρὸς τῷ ποταμῷ τάφος ἵππων τῶν Μάρμακος· Ἱπποδαμείας δὲ μνηστῆρα ἔχει λόγος ἀφικέσθαι πρῶτον τοῦτον Μάρμακα καὶ ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Οἰνομάου πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων, ὀνόματα δὲ αὐτοῦ ταῖς ἵπποις Παρθενίαν τε εἶναι καὶ Ἐρίφαν—Οἰνόμαον δὲ ἐπικατασφάξαι μὲν τὰς ἵππους τῷ Μάρμακι, μεταδοῦναι μέντοι καὶ ταύταις ταφῆναι—, καὶ ὄνομα Παρθενίας τῷ ποταμῷ ἀπὸ ἵππου τῆς Μάρμακος.

[8] ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλος Ἁρπινάτης καλούμενος ποταμὸς καὶ οὐ πολὺ ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ πόλεως Ἁρπίνης ἄλλα τε ἐρείπια καὶ μάλιστα οἱ βωμοί· οἰκίσαι δὲ Οἰνόμαον τὴν πόλιν καὶ θέσθαι τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τῆς μητρὸς λέγουσιν Ἁρπίνης.

[9]
προελθόντι δὲ οὐ πολὺ γῆς χῶμά ἐστιν ὑψηλόν, τῶν μνηστήρων τῶν Ἱπποδαμείας τάφος. Οἰνόμαον μὲν οὖν ἐγγὺς ἀλλήλων κρύπτειν γῇ φασιν οὐκ ἐπιφανῶς αὐτούς· Πέλοψ δὲ ὕστερον μνῆμα ἐν κοινῷ σφισιν ἐπὶ μέγα ἐξῆρε τιμῇ τῇ ἐς αὐτοὺς καὶ Ἱπποδαμείας χάριτι, δοκεῖν δέ μοι καὶ ὑπόμνημα ἐς τοὺς ἔπειτα ὅσων τε καὶ οἵων τὸν Οἰνόμαον κρατήσαντα ἐνίκησεν αὐτός.

[10] ἀπέθανον δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Οἰνομάου κατὰ τὰ ἔπη τὰς μεγάλας Ἠοίας Ἀλκάθους ὁ Πορθάονος, 0 δεύτερος οὗτος ἐπὶ τῷ Μάρμακι, μετὰ δὲ Ἀλκάθουν Εὐρύαλος καὶ Εὐρύμαχός τε καὶ Κρόταλος· τούτων μὲν οὖν γονέας τε καὶ πατρίδας οὐχ οἷά τε ἦν πυθέσθαι μοι, τὸν δὲ ἀποθανόντα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς Ἀκρίαν τεκμαίροιτο ἄν τις Λακεδαιμόνιόν τε εἶναι καὶ οἰκιστὴν Ἀκριῶν. ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ Ἀκρίᾳ Κάπετόν φασιν ὑπὸ τοῦ Οἰνομάου φονευθῆναι καὶ Λυκοῦργον Λάσιόν τε καὶ Χαλκώδοντα καὶ Τρικόλωνον· ἀπόγονον δὲ αὐτὸν εἶναι καὶ ὁμώνυμον Τρικολώνῳ τῷ Λυκάονος λέγουσιν οἱ Ἀρκάδες.

[11] Τρικολώνου δὲ ὕστερον ἐπέλαβεν ἐν τῷ δρόμῳ τὸ χρεὼν Ἀριστόμαχόν τε καὶ Πρίαντα, ἔτι δὲ Πελάγοντα καὶ Αἰόλιόν τε καὶ Κρόνιον. οἱ δὲ καὶ ἐπαριθμοῦσι τοῖς κατειλεγμένοις Ἐρύθραν παῖδα Λεύκωνος τοῦ Ἀθάμαντος—ἀπὸ τούτου Ἐρυθραὶ πόλισμα ἐκαλεῖτο Βοιωτῶν—καὶ Ἠιονέα Μάγνητος τοῦ Αἰόλου. τούτοις μὲν δὴ ἐνταῦθά ἐστι τὸ μνῆμα, καὶ τὸν Πέλοπα, ἡνίκα τῶν Πισαίων ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχήν, φασὶν ἐναγίζειν αὐτοῖς ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος.

Description of Greece. Pausanias. ed. Friedrich Spiro. Leipzig. 1903.

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Current edition Perseus

Ἑλλάδος Περιηγήσεως (Greek) (Pausanias. Pausaniae Graeciae descriptio, Volumes 1-3. Spiro, Friedrich, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1903.)

Translations (2)

Description of Greece Perseus (Pausanias. Pausanias Description of Greece, Volumes 1-4. Jones, W.H.S. (William Henry Samuel), translator; Ormerod, Henry Arderne, translator. London, New York: W. Heinemann, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1918-1935.) — 6.21 focus

[1]
The other side of the course is not a bank of earth but a low hill. At the foot of the hill has been built a sanctuary to Demeter surnamed Chamyne. Some are of opinion that the name is old, signifying that here the earth gaped¹ for the chariot of Hades and then closed up² once more. Others say that Chamynus was a man of Pisa who opposed Pantaleon, the son of Omphalion and despot at Pisa, when he plotted to revolt from Elis ; Pantaleon, they say, put him to death, and from his property was built the sanctuary to Demeter.

[2] In place of the old images of the Maid and of Demeter new ones of Pentelic marble were dedicated by Herodes the Athenian.
In the gymnasium at Olympia it is customary for pentathletes and runners to practise, and in the open has been made a basement of stone. Originally there stood on the basement a trophy to commemorate a victory over the Arcadians. There is also another enclosure, less than this, to the left of the entrance to the gymnasium, and the athletes have their wrestling-schools here. Adjoining the wall of the eastern porch of the gymnasium are the dwellings of the athletes, turned towards the southwest.

[3] On the other side of the Cladeus is the grave of Oenomaus, a mound of earth with a stone wall built round it, and above the tomb are ruins of buildings in which Oenomaus is said to have stabled his mares.
The boundaries which now separate Arcadia and Elis originally separated Arcadia from Pisa , and are thus situated. On crossing the river Erymanthus at what is called the ridge of Saurus are the tomb of Saurus and a sanctuary of Heracles, now in ruins. The story is that Saurus used to do mischief to travellers and to dwellers in the neighborhood until he received his punishment at the hands of Heracles.

[4] At this ridge which has the same name as the robber, a river, falling into the Alpheius from the south, just opposite the Erymanthus, is the boundary between the land of Pisa and Arcadia ; it is called the Diagon. Forty stades beyond the ridge of Saurus is a temple of Asclepius, surnamed Demaenetus after the founder. It too is in ruins. It was built on the height beside the Alpheius.

[5] Not far from it is a sanctuary of Dionysus Leucyanites, whereby flows a river Leucyanias. This river too is a tributary of the Alpheius; it descends from Mount Pholoe. Crossing the Alpheius after it you will be within the land of Pisa .

[6]
In this district is a hill rising to a sharp peak, on which are the ruins of the city of Phrixa , as well as a temple of Athena surnamed Cydonian. This temple is not entire, but the altar is still there. The sanctuary was founded for the goddess, they say, by Clymenus, a descendant of Idaean Heracles, and he came from Cydonia in Crete and from the river Jardanus. The Eleans say that Pelops too sacrificed to Cydonian Athena before he set about his contest with Oenomaus.

[7] Going on from this point you come to the water of Parthenia, and by the river is the grave of the mares of Marmax. The story has it that this Marmax was the first suitor of Hippodameia to arrive, and that he was killed by Oenomaus before the others; that the names of his mares were Parthenia and Eripha; that Oenomaus slew the mares after Marmax, but granted burial to them also, and that the river received the name Parthenia from the mare of Marmax.

[8] There is another river called Harpinates, and not far from the river are, among the other ruins of a city Harpina, its altars. The city was founded, they say, by Oenomaus, who named it after his mother Harpina.

[9]
A little farther on is a high mound of earth, the grave of the suitors of Hippodameia. Now Oenomaus, they say, laid them in the ground near one another with no token of respect. But afterwards Pelops raised a high monument to them all, to honor them and to please Hippodamaeia. I think too that Pelops wanted a memorial to tell posterity the number and character of the men vanquished by Oenomaus before Pelops himself conquered him.

[10] According to the epic poem called the Great Eoeae the next after Marmax to be killed by Oenomaus was Alcathus, son of Porthaon; after Alcathus came Euryalus, Eurymachus and Crotalus. Now the parents and fatherlands of these I was unable to discover, but Acrias, the next after them to be killed, one might guess to have been a Lacedaemonian and the founder of Acriae . After Acrias they say that Oenomaus slew Capetus, Lycurgus, Lasius, Chalcodon and Tricolonus, who, according to the Arcadians, was the descendant and namesake of Tricolonus, the son of Lycaon.

[11] After Tricolonus there met their fate in the race Aristomachus and Prias, and then Pelagon, Aeolius and Cronius. Some add to the aforesaid Erythras, the son of Leucon, the son of Athamas, after whom was named Erythrae in Boeotia , and Eioneus, the son of Magnes the son of Aeolus. These are the men whose monument is here, and Pelops, they say, sacrificed every year to them as heroes, when he had won the sovereignty of Pisa .

English (Jones and Ormerod; retranslated Gregory Nagy, CHS, 2018) (OCR draft) Experimental (CHS Pausanias Reader retranslation by Gregory Nagy, based on Jones and Ormerod, with marked Greek terms, notes, quotations, and bibliographic attributions preserved.) — 6.21 focus

[1] The other side of the course is not a bank of earth but a low hill. At the foot of the hill has been built a sanctuary to Demeter surnamed Khamyne. Some are of opinion that the name is old, signifying that here the earth gaped for the chariot of Hades and then closed up once more. Others say that Khamynos was a man of Pisa who opposed Pantaleon, the son of Omphalion and despot at Pisa, when he plotted to revolt from Elis; Pantaleon, they say, put him to death, and from his property was built the sanctuary to Demeter.

[2] In place of the old images of the Maiden and of Demeter, new ones of Pentelic marble were dedicated by Herodes the Athenian. In the gymnasium at Olympia, it is customary for pentathletes and runners to practice, and in the open has been made a basement of stone. Originally, there stood on the basement a trophy to commemorate a victory over the Arcadians. There is also another enclosure, less than this, to the left of the entrance to the gymnasium, and the athletes have their wrestling schools here. Adjoining the wall of the eastern porch of the gymnasium are the dwellings of the athletes, turned towards the southwest.

[3] On the other side of the Kladeos is the tomb of Oinomaos, a mound of earth with a stone wall built round it, and above the tomb are ruins of buildings in which Oinomaos is said to have stabled his mares. The boundaries which now separate Arcadia and Elis originally separated Arcadia from Pisa, and are thus situated. On crossing the river Erymanthos at what is called the ridge of Saurus are the tomb of Saurus and a sanctuary of Hēraklēs, now in ruins. The story is that Saurus used to do mischief to travelers and to dwellers in the neighborhood until he received his punishment at the hands of Hēraklēs.

[4] At this ridge which has the same name as the robber, a river, falling into the Alpheios from the south, just opposite the Erymanthos, is the boundary between the land of Pisa and Arcadia; it is called the Diagon. Forty stadium-lengths beyond the ridge of Saurus is a temple of Asklepios, surnamed Demainetos after the founder. It too is in ruins. It was built on the height beside the Alpheios.

[5] Not far from it is a sanctuary of Dionysus Leucyanites, whereby flows a river Leucyanias. This river too is a tributary of the Alpheios; it descends from Mount Pholoe. Crossing the Alpheios after it, you will be within the land of Pisa.

[6] In this region there is an elevation [ lophos] culminating in a sharp peak, and on top of that peak are the ruins of an acropolis [ polis] called Phrixa and a temple [ nāos] of Athena, whose name-of-invocation [ epiklēsis] is Kudōníā. This temple is not completely preserved, but it still has an altar [ bōmos], even in my time. And the people say that this sacred-space [ hieron] was founded in honor of the goddess [ theós (feminine)] by Klymenos, descendant of Hēraklēs, the-one-from-Mount-Ida [ Idaios], and that he [Klymenos] came on the scene from the city of Kudōníā-in-Crete and from the river Iardanos. And the people of Elis say that Pelops sacrificed [ thuein] to Athena Kudōníā before he entered the contest [ agōn] [of a race-to-the-death in chariots] with Oinomaos.

[7] Going on from this point, you come to the water of Parthenia, and by the river is the tomb of the mares of Marmax. The story has it that this Marmax was the first suitor of Hippodameia to arrive, and that he was killed by Oinomaos before the others; that the names of his mares were Parthenia and Eripha; that Oinomaos slew the mares after Marmax, but granted burial to them also, and that the river received the name Parthenia from the mare of Marmax.

[8] There is another river called Harpinates, and not far from the river are, among the other ruins of a city Harpina, its altars. The city was founded, they say, by Oinomaos, who named it after his mother Harpina.

[9] A little farther on is a high mound of earth, the tomb of the suitors of Hippodameia. Now Oinomaos, they say, laid them in the ground near one another with no token of respect. But afterwards, Pelops raised a high monument to them all, to honor them and to please Hippodameia. I think too that Pelops wanted a memorial to tell posterity the number and character of the men vanquished by Oinomaos before Pelops himself conquered him.

[10] According to the epic poem called the Great Eoeae, the next after Marmax to be killed by Oinomaos was Alkathos, son of Porthaon; after Alkathos came Euryalos, Eurymakhos, and Krotalos. Now the parents and fatherlands of these I was unable to discover, but Akrias, the next after them to be killed, one might guess to have been a Lacedaemonian and the founder of Akriai. After Akrias, they say that Oinomaos slew Kapetos, Lycurgus (Lykourgos), Lasios, Khalkodon, and Trikolonos, who, according to the Arcadians, was the descendant and namesake of Trikolonos, the son of Lykaon.

[11] After Trikolonos the next to meet their fate in the race were Aristomakhos and Prias, and then Pelagon, Aiolios, and Kronios. Some add to the the previously mentioned names Erythras, the son of Leukon, the son of Athamas, after whom was named Erythrai in Boeotia, and Eioneus, the son of Magnes, the son of Aiolos. These are the men whose monument is here, and Pelops, they say, sacrificed every year to them as heroes, when he had won the sovereignty of Pisa.

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Gregory Nagy, Editors: Angelia Hanhardt and Keith DeStone, Web producer: Noel Spencer, Consultant for images: Jill Curry Robbins, \[\[Noel gives this a separate URN\]\]

Pausanias Description of Greece 6.21

ed. Friedrich Spiro

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