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[1] The people of Kolophon suppose that the sanctuary at Klaros, and the oracle, were founded in the remotest antiquity. They assert that while the Carians still held the land, the first Greeks to arrive were Cretans under Rhakios, who was followed by a great crowd also; these occupied the shore and were strong in ships, but the greater part of the country continued in the possession of the Carians. When Thebes was taken by Thersandros, the son of Polyneikes, and the Argives, among the prisoners brought to Apollo at Delphi was Manto. Her father Teiresias had died on the way, in Haliartia,
[2] and when the god had sent them out to found a colony, they crossed in ships to Asia, but as they came to Klaros, the Cretans came against them armed and carried them away to Rhakios. But he, learning from Manto who they were and why they were come, took Manto to wife, and allowed the people with her to inhabit the land. Mopsos, the son of Rhakios and of Manto, drove the Carians from the country altogether.
[3] The Ionians swore an oath to the Greeks in Kolophon, and lived with them in one city on equal terms, but the kingship was taken by the Ionian leaders, Damasichthon and Promethus, sons of Kodros. Afterwards Promethus killed his brother Damasichthon and fled to Naxos, where he died, but his body was carried home and received by the sons of Damasichthon. The name of the place where Damasichthon is buried is called Polyteichides.
[4] How it befell that Kolophon was laid waste I have already related in my account of Lysimakhos.
420
Of those who were transported to Ephesos only the people of Kolophon fought against Lysimakhos and the Macedonians. The tomb of those Kolophonians and Smyrnaeans who fell in the battle is on the left of the road as you go to Klaros.
[5] The city of Lebedos was razed to the ground by Lysimakhos, simply in order that the population of Ephesos might be increased. The land around Lebedos is a happy one; in particular its hot baths are more numerous and more pleasant than any others on the coast. Originally Lebedos also was inhabited by the Carians, until they were driven out by Andraemon the son of Kodros and the Ionians. The tomb of Andraemon is on the left of the road as you go from Kolophon, when you have crossed the river Calaon.
[6] Teos used to be inhabited by Minyans of Orkhomenos, who came to it with Athamas. This Athamas is said to have been a descendant of Athamas the son of Aeolus. Here too there was a Carian element combined with the Greek, while Ionians were introduced into Teos by Apoecus, a great-grandchild of Melanthos, who showed no hostility either to the Orkhomenians or to the Teians. A few years later there came men from Athens and from Boeotia; the Attic contingent was under Damasus and Naoklos, the sons of Kodros, while the Boeotians were led by Geres, a Boeotian. Both parties were received by Apoecus and the Teians as fellow-settlers.
[7] The Erythraeans say that they came originally from Crete with Erythrus the son of Rhadamanthus, and that this Erythrus was the founder of their city. Along with the Cretans there dwelled in the city Lycians, Carians and Pamphylians; Lycians because of their kinship with the Cretans, as they came of old from Crete, having fled along with Sarpedon; Carians because of their ancient friendship with Minos; Pamphylians because they too belong to the Greek lineage, being among those who after the taking of Troy wandered with Calchas. The peoples I have enumerated occupied Erythraiwhen Kleopos the son of Kodros gathered men from all the cities of Ionia, so many from each, and introduced them as settlers among the Erythraeans.
[8] The cities of Klazomenai and Phokaia were not inhabited before the Ionians came to Asia. When the Ionians arrived, a wandering division of them sent for a leader, Parphorus, from the Kolophonians, and founded under Mount Ida a city which shortly afterwards they abandoned, and returning to Ionia they founded Scyppium in the Kolophonian territory.
[9] They left of their own free-will Kolophonian territory also, and so occupied the land which they still hold, and built on the mainland the city of Klazomenai. Later they crossed over to the island through their fear of the Persians [
Persai]. But in course of time Alexander the son of Philip was destined to make Klazomenai a peninsula by a mole from the mainland to the island. Of these Clazomenians the greater part were not Ionians, but people from Kleonai and Phleious, who abandoned their cities when the Dorians had returned to Peloponnesus.
[10] The people of Phokaia are by birth from the land under Parnassus still called Phokis, who crossed to Asia with the Athenians Philogenes and Damon. Their land they took from the Cymaeans, not by war but by agreement. When the Ionians would not admit them to the Ionian confederacy until they accepted kings originating from the lineage of the Kodridai, they accepted Deoetes, Periklos and Abartos from Erythraiand from Teos.
Description of Greece. Pausanias. ed. W. H. S. Jones, ed. H. A. Ormerod, ed. Gregory Nagy. . .