Strabo, Geography, Hans Claude Hamilton (Translator), William Falconer (Translator), 11.8.1

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[1] IN proceeding from the Hyrcanian Sea towards the east, on the right hand are the mountains which the Greeks call Taurus, extending as far as India. They begin from Pamphylia and Cilicia, and stretch to this part from the west in a continuous line, bearing different names in different places. The northern parts¹ of this range are occupied first by Gelae, Cadusii, and Amardi, as we have said, and by some tribes of Hyrcanians; then follow, as we proceed towards the east and the Ochus, the nation of the Parthians, then that of the Margiani and Arii, and the desert country which the river Sarnius separates from Hyrcania. The mountain, which extends to this country, or within a small distance of it, from Armenia, is called Parachoathras.

From the Hyrcanian sea to the Arii are about 6000 stadia.² Next follow Bactriana, Sogdiana, and lastly nomade Scythians. The Macedonians gave the name of Caucasus to all the mountains which follow after Ariana,³ but among the barbarians the heights and the northern parts of the Parapomisus were called Emoda, and Mount Imaus;⁴ and other names of this kind were assigned to each portion of this range.

Geography. Strabo. Hans Claude Hamilton (Translator), William Falconer (Translator). London. 1854-1857.

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Current edition Perseus

Geography (English) (Strabo. The Geography of Strabo, Vols. 1-3. Hamilton, Hans Claude, translator; Falconer, William, translator. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1854-1857.)

Editions (1)

Γεωγραφικά Perseus (Strabo. Strabonis Geographica, Vols. 1-3. Meineke, August, editor. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877.) — 11.8.1 focus

[1] ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς Ὑρκανίας θαλάττης προϊόντι ἐπὶ τὴν ἕω δεξιὰ μέν ἐστι τὰ ὄρη μέχρι τῆς Ἰνδικῆς θαλάττης παρατείνοντα, ἅπερ οἱ Ἕλληνες ὀνομάζουσι Ταῦρον, ἀρξάμενα ἀπὸ τῆς Παμφυλίας καὶ τῆς Κιλικίας καὶ μέχρι δεῦρο προϊόντα ἀπὸ τῆς ἑσπέρας συνεχῆ καὶ τυγχάνοντα ἄλλων καὶ ἄλλων ὀνομάτων. προσοικοῦσι δʼ αὐτοῦ τὰ προσάρκτια μέρη πρῶτοι μὲν οἱ Γῆλαι καὶ Καδούσιοι καὶ Ἄμαρδοι, καθάπερ εἴρηται, καὶ τῶν Ὑρκανίων τινές, ἔπειτα τὸ τῶν Παρθυαίων ἔθνος καὶ τὸ τῶν Μαργιανῶν καὶ τῶν Ἀρίων καὶ ἡ ἔρημος, ἣν ἀπὸ τῆς Ὑρκανίας ὁρίζει ὁ Σάρνιος ποταμὸς πρὸς ἕω βαδίζουσι καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Ὦχον. καλεῖται δὲ τὸ μέχρι δεῦρο ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀρμενίας διατεῖνον ἢ μικρὸν ἀπολεῖπον Παραχοάθρας. ἔστι δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς Ὑρκανίας θαλάττης εἰς τοὺς Ἀρίους περὶ ἑξακισχιλίους σταδίους· εἶθʼ ἡ Βακτριανή ἐστι καὶ ἡ Σογδιανή, τελευταῖοι δὲ Σκύθαι νομάδες. τὰ δʼ ὄρη Μακεδόνες μὲν ἅπαντα τὰ ἐφεξῆς ἀπὸ Ἀρίων Καύκασον ἐκάλεσαν, παρὰ δὲ τοῖς βαρβάροις τά τε ἄκρα κατὰ μέρος ὠνομάζετο ὁ Παροπάμισος τὰ προσβόρεια καὶ τὰ Ἠμωδὰ καὶ τὸ Ἴμαον καὶ ἄλλα τοιαῦτα ὀνόματα ἑκάστοις μέρεσιν ἐπέκειτο.

Translations (1)

Geography (Books 6-14) Perseus (Strabo. The Geography of Strabo, Vols. 3-6. Jones, Horace Leonard, translator. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1924-1929 (printing).) — 11.8.1 focus

[1] As one proceeds from the Hyrcanian Sea towards the east, one sees on the right the mountains that extend as far as the Indian Sea, which by the Greeks are named the Taurus. Beginning at Pamphylia and Cilicia they extend thus far in a continuous line from the west and bear various different names. In the northerly parts of the range dwell first the Gelae and Cadusii and Amardi, as I have said,¹ and certain of the Hyrcanians, and after them the tribe of the Parthians and that of the Margianians and the Arians; and then comes the desert which is separated from Hyrcania by the Sarnius River as one goes eastwards and towards the Ochus River. The mountain which extends from Armenia to this point, or a little short of it, is called Parachoathras. The distance from the Hyrcanian Sea to the country of the Arians is about six thousand stadia. Then comes Bactriana, and Sogdiana, and finally the Scythian nomads. Now the Macedonians gave the name Caucasus to all the mountains which follow in order after the country of the Arians; but among the barbarians² the extremities³ on the north were given the separate names “Paropamisus” and “Emoda” and “Imaus”; and other such names were applied to separate parts.

Notes on the current edition

Geography

1. αὐτοῦ in this passage, as Kramer remarks, is singular.

2. From what point our author does not say.

3. There is some confusion in the text, which Groskurd attempts to amend as follows: “But among the barbarians the heights of Ariana, and the northern mountains of India, are separately called Emoda, etc.

4. B. xv. c. i. § 11. The name is derived from the Sanscrit himavat, which is preserved in the Latin hiems, winter, and in the modern name Himalaya. See Smith, art. Imaus.

Strabo Geography 11.8.1

Hans Claude Hamilton (Translator), William Falconer (Translator)

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