Strabo, Geography, Hans Claude Hamilton (Translator), William Falconer (Translator), 11.14.2

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[2] The Euphrates rises in the northern side of the Taurus, and flows at first towards the west through Armenia, it then makes a bend to the south, and intersects the Taurus between the Armenians, Cappadocians, and Commageni. Then issuing outwards and entering Syria, it turns towards the winter sun-rise as far as Babylon, and forms Mesopotamia with the Tigris. Both these rivers terminate in the Persian Gulf.

Such is the nature of the places around Armenia, almost all of them mountainous and rugged, except a few tracts which verge towards Media.

To the above-mentioned Taurus, which commences again in the country on the other side of the Euphrates, occupied by the Commageni, and Meliteni formed by the Euphrates, belongs Mount Masius, which is situated on the south above the Mygdones in Mesopotamia, in whose territory is Nisibis; on the northern parts is Sophene, lying between the Masius and Anti-Taurus. Anti-Taurus begins from the Euphrates and the Taurus, and terminates at the eastern parts of Armenia, enclosing within it Sophene. It has on the other side Acilisene, which lies between [Anti-]Taurus and the bed of the Euphrates before it turns to the south. The royal city of Sophene is Carcathiocerta.¹

Above Mount Masius far to the east along Gordyene is the Niphates, then the Abus,² from which flow both the Euphrates and the Araxes, the former to the west, the latter to the east; then the Nibarus, which extends as far as Media.

Geography. Strabo. Hans Claude Hamilton (Translator), William Falconer (Translator). London. 1854-1857.

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Current edition Perseus

Geography (English) (Strabo. The Geography of Strabo, Vols. 1-3. Hamilton, Hans Claude, translator; Falconer, William, translator. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1854-1857.)

Editions (1)

Γεωγραφικά Perseus (Strabo. Strabonis Geographica, Vols. 1-3. Meineke, August, editor. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877.) — 11.14.2 focus

[2] ὁ γὰρ Εὐφράτης ἀπὸ τῆς βορείου πλευρᾶς τοῦ Ταύρου τὰς ἀρχὰς ἔχων τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ῥεῖ πρὸς δύσιν διὰ τῆς Ἀρμενίας, εἶτʼ ἐπιστρέφει πρὸς νότον καὶ διακόπτει τὸν Ταῦρον μεταξὺ τῶν Ἀρμενίων τε καὶ Καππαδόκων καὶ Κομμαγηνῶν, ἐκπεσὼν δʼ ἔξω καὶ γενόμενος κατὰ τὴν Συρίαν ἐπιστρέφει πρὸς χειμερινὰς ἀνατολὰς μέχρι Βαβυλῶνος καὶ ποιεῖ τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν πρὸς τὸν Τίγριν· ἀμφότεροι δὲ τελευτῶσιν εἰς τὸν Περσικὸν κόλπον. τὰ μὲν δὴ κύκλῳ τοιαῦτα, ὀρεινὰ σχεδόν τι πάντα καὶ τραχέα πλὴν τῶν πρὸς τὴν Μηδίαν κεκλιμένων ὀλίγων. πάλιν δὲ τοῦ λεχθέντος Ταύρου τὴν ἀρχὴν λαμβάνοντος ἀπὸ τῆς περαίας τῶν Κομμαγηνῶν καὶ τῶν Μελιτηνῶν ἣν ὁ Εὐφράτης ποιεῖ, Μάσιον μέν ἐστι τὸ ὑπερκείμενον ὄρος τῶν ἐν τῇ Μεσοποταμίᾳ Μυγδόνων ἐκ νότου, ἐν οἷς ἡ Νίσιβίς ἐστιν· ἐκ δὲ τῶν πρὸς ἄρκτον μερῶν ἡ Σωφηνὴ κεῖται μεταξὺ τοῦ τε Μασίου καὶ τοῦ Ἀντιταύρου. οὗτος δʼ ἀπὸ τοῦ Εὐφράτου καὶ τοῦ Ταύρου τὴν ἀρχὴν λαβὼν τελευτᾷ πρὸς τὰ ἑῷα τῆς Ἀρμενίας ἀπολαμβάνων μέσην τὴν Σωφηνήν, ἐκ θατέρου δὲ μέρους ἔχων τὴν Ἀκιλισηνὴν μεταξὺ ἱδρυμένην τοῦ Ταύρου τε καὶ τῆς τοῦ Εὐφράτου ποταμίας πρὶν ἢ κάμπτειν αὐτὴν ἐπὶ νότον. βασίλειον δὲ τῆς Σωφηνῆς Καρκαθιόκερτα. τοῦ δὲ Μασίου ὑπέρκειται πρὸς ἕω πολὺ κατὰ τὴν Γορδυηνὴν ὁ Νιφάτης, εἶθʼ ὁ Ἄβος, ἀφʼ οὗ καὶ ὁ Εὐφράτης ῥεῖ καὶ ὁ Ἀράξης, ὁ μὲν πρὸς δύσιν ὁ δὲ πρὸς ἀνατολάς· εἶθʼ ὁ Νίβαρος μέχρι τῆς Μηδίας παρατείνει.

Translations (1)

Geography (Books 6-14) Perseus (Strabo. The Geography of Strabo, Vols. 3-6. Jones, Horace Leonard, translator. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1924-1929 (printing).) — 11.14.2 focus

[2] For the Euphrates, having its beginnings on the northern side of the Taurus, flows at first towards the west through Armenia, and then bends towards the south and cuts through the Taurus between Armenia, Cappadocia, and Commagene, and then, after falling outside the Taurus and reaching the borders of Syria, it bends towards the winter-sunrise¹ as far as Babylon, and with the Tigris forms Mesopotamia; and both rivers end in the Persian Gulf. Such, then, is our circuit of Armenia, almost all parts being mountainous and rugged, except the few which verge towards Media. But since the above-mentioned Taurus² takes a new beginning on the far side of the Euphrates opposite Commagene and Melitene, countries formed by that river, Mt. Masius is the mountain which ties above the Mygdonians of Mesopotamia on the south, in whose country is Nisibis, whereas Sophene is situated in the northern parts, between Masius and Antitaurus. The Antitaurus takes its beginning at the Euphrates and the Taurus and ends towards the eastern parts of Armenia, thus on one side enclosing the middle of Sophene,³ of the Euphrates, before that river bends towards the south. The royal city of Sophene is Carcathiocerta. Above Mt. Masius, far towards the east opposite Gordyene, lies Mt. Niphates; and then comes Mt. Abus, whence flow both the Euphrates and the Araxes, the former towards the west and the latter towards the east; and then Mt. Nibarus, which stretches as far as Media.

Notes on the current edition

Geography

1. Kharput.

2. An almost uniform tradition has pointed out an isolated peak of this range as the Ararat of Scripture. It is still called Ararat or Agri-Dagh, and by the Persians Kuh-il-Nuh, mountain of Noah. Smith.

Strabo Geography 11.14.2

Hans Claude Hamilton (Translator), William Falconer (Translator)

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