Strabo, Geography, Horace Leonard Jones (Translator), 9.2.18

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[18] This is best shown by the Cephissus, which fills lake Copais; for when the lake had increased so much that Copae¹ was in danger of being swallowed up (Copae is named by the poet,² and from it the lake took its name), a rent in the earth, which was formed by the lake near Copae, opened up a subterranean channel³ about thirty stadia in length and admitted the river; and then the river burst forth to the surface near Larymna in Locris; I mean the Upper Larymna, for there is another Larymna, which I have already mentioned,⁴ the Boeotian Larymna⁵ on the sea, to which the Romans annexed the Upper Larymna.⁶ The place is called Anchoe;⁷ and there is also a lake of the same name. And when it leaves this lake the Cephissus at last flows out to the sea. Now at that time, when the flooding of the lake ceased, there was also a cessation of danger to those who lived near it, except in the case of the cities which had already been swallowed up. And though the subterranean channels filled up again, Crates the mining engineer of Chalcis ceased clearing away the obstructions⁸ because of party strife among the Boeotians, although, as he himself says in the letter to Alexander, many places had already been drained. Among these places, some writers suppose, was the ancient site of Orchomenus, and others, those of Eleusis and Athens on the Triton River.⁹ These cities, it is said, were founded by Cecrops, when he ruled over Boeotia, then called Ogygia, but were later wiped out by inundations. And it is said that a fissure in the earth opened up near Orchomenus, also, and that it admitted the Melas River, which flowed through the territory of Hiliartus¹⁰ and formed there the marsh which produces the reed that is used for flutes.¹¹ But this river has completely disappeared, either because it is dispersed by the fissure into invisible channels or because it is used up beforehand by the marshes and lakes in the neighborhood of Haliartus, from which the poet calls the place “grassy,” when he says, “and grassy Haliartus.”¹²

Geography. Strabo. Horace Leonard Jones (Translator). London. 1924-1929.

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Current edition Perseus

Geography (Books 6-14) (English) (Strabo. The Geography of Strabo, Vols. 3-6. Jones, Horace Leonard, translator. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1924-1929 (printing).)

Editions (1)

Γεωγραφικά Perseus (Strabo. Strabonis Geographica, Vols. 1-3. Meineke, August, editor. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877.) — 9.2.18 focus

[18] δηλοῖ δὲ καὶ ὁ Κηφισσὸς τοῦτο μάλιστα τὴν Κωπαΐδα λίμνην πληρῶν. αὐξομένης γὰρ αὐτῆς ὥστε κινδυνεύειν καταποθῆναι τὰς Κώπας, ἃς ὅ τε ποιητὴς ὀνομάζει, καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἡ λίμνη τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν εἴληφε, χάσμα γενηθὲν πρὸς τῇ λίμνῃ πλησίον τῶν Κωπῶν ἀνέῳξεν ὑπὸ γῆς ῥεῖθρον ὅσον τριάκοντα σταδίων καὶ ἐδέξατο τὸν ποταμόν, εἶτα ἐξέρρηξεν εἰς τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν κατὰ Λάρυμναν τῆς Λοκρίδος τὴν ἄνω· καὶ γὰρ ἑτέρα ἐστίν, ἧς ἐμνήσθημεν, ἡ Βοιωτιακή, ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃ, ᾗ προσέθεσαν Ῥωμαῖοι τὴν ἄνω. καλεῖται δʼ ὁ τόπος Ἀγχόη· ἔστι δὲ καὶ λίμνη ὁμώνυμος· ἐντεῦθεν δʼ ἤδη ὁ Κηφισσὸς ἐκδίδωσιν ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν. τότε μὲν οὖν παυσαμένης τῆς πλημμυρίδος, παῦλα καὶ τοῦ κινδύνου τοῖς παροικοῦσιν ὑπῆρξε, πλὴν τῶν ἤδη καταποθεισῶν πόλεων. πάλιν δʼ ἐγχουμένων τῶν πόρων, ὁ μεταλλευτὴς Κράτης ἀνὴρ Χαλκιδεὺς ἀνακαθαίρειν τὰ ἐμφράγματα ἐπαύσατο στασιασάντων τῶν Βοιωτῶν, καίπερ, ὡς αὐτὸς ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ἀλέξανδρον ἐπιστολῇ φησιν, ἀνεψυγμένων ἤδη πολλῶν, ἐν οἷς οἱ μὲν τὸν Ὀρχομενὸν οἰκεῖσθαι τὸν ἀρχαῖον ὑπελάμβανον, οἱ δʼ Ἐλευσῖνα καὶ Ἀθήνας παρὰ τὸν Τρίτωνα ποταμόν· λέγεται δʼ οἰκίσαι Κέκροπα, ἡνίκα τῆς Βοιωτίας ἐπῆρξε καλουμένης τότε Ὠγυγίας, ἀφανισθῆναι δὲ ταύτας ἐπικλυσθείσας ὕστερον. γενέσθαι δέ φασιν καὶ κατὰ Ὀρχομενὸν χάσμα, καὶ δέξασθαι τὸν Μέλανα ποταμὸν τὸν ῥέοντα διὰ τῆς Ἁλιαρτίας καὶ ποιοῦντα ἐνταῦθα τὸ ἕλος τὸ φύον τὸν αὐλητικὸν κάλαμον. ἀλλʼ οὗτος ἠφάνισται τελέως, εἴτε τοῦ χάσματος διαχέοντος αὐτὸν εἰς ἀδήλους πόρους, εἴτε τῶν περὶ Ἁλίαρτον ἑλῶν καὶ λιμνῶν προαναλισκόντων αὐτόν, ἀφʼ ὧν ποιήεντα καλεῖ τὸν τόπον ὁ ποιητὴς καὶ ποιήενθʼ Ἁλίαρτον λέγων.

Translations (1)

Geography Perseus (Strabo. The Geography of Strabo, Vols. 1-3. Hamilton, Hans Claude, translator; Falconer, William, translator. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1854-1857.) — 9.2.18 focus

[18] This is exemplified particularly in the Cephissus,¹ which fills the lake Copais.² When the increase of the water of that lake was so great, that Copae was in danger of being swallowed up, (the city is mentioned by the poet, and from it the lake had its name,)³ a fissure in the ground, which took place not far from the lake, and near Copae, opened a subterraneous channel, of about 30 stadia in length, and received the river, which reappeared on the surface, near Upper Larymna in Locris; for, as has been mentioned, there is another Larymna, in Boeotia, on the sea, surnamed the Upper by the Romans. The place where the river rises again is called Anchoë, as also the lake near it. It is from this point that the Cephissus begins its course⁴ to the sea. When the overflowing of the water ceased, there was also a cessation of danger to the inhabitants on the banks, but not before some cities had been already swallowed up. When the outlets were again obstructed, Crates the Miner, a man of Chalcis, began to clear away the obstructions, but desisted in consequence of the Boeotians being in a state of insurrection; although, as he himself says, in the letter to Alexander, many places had been already drained; among these, some writers supposed was the site of the ancient Orchomenus; others, that of Eleusis, and of Athens on the Triton. These cities are said to have been founded by Cecrops, when he ruled over Boeotia, then called Ogygia, but that they were afterwards destroyed by inundations. It is said, that there was a fissure in the earth near Orchomenus, that admitted the river Melas,⁵ which flows through the territory of Haliartus, and forms there a marsh, where the reed grows of which the musical pipe is made.⁶ But this river has entirely disappeared, being carried off by the subterraneous channels of the chasm, or absorbed by the lakes and marshes about Haliartus; whence the poet calls Haliartus grassy,

And the grassy Haliartus.⁷

Il. ii. 503.

Notes on the current edition

Geography

1. In Greek, “oars.”

2. Hom. Il. 2.502

3. See Tozer, Selections, p. 236, note 2.

4. 9. 2. 13.

5. Lower Larymna.

6. According to Paus. 9.23.4 , “Lower Larymna anciently belonged to Opus,” the Locrian city, but later “joined the Boeotian confederacy.” For a complete account of the two Larymnas see Frazer, note on Paus. 9.23.7

7. “Outflow” ( Ἀγχόη).

8. There seems to be an omission here. We should expect, “Crates . . . began to clear away the obstructions but ceased.”

9. On the Triton River, see Paus. 9.33.5

10. How could this be when the Melas lay on the northern side of the lake and Haliartus on the southern (Tozer, op. cit., p.237)?

11. So Pliny 16.66

12. Hom. Il. 2.503

Strabo Geography 9.2.18

Horace Leonard Jones (Translator)

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