Aristotle, Rhetoric, John Henry Freese (Translator), 3.11.11

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[11] Similes also, as said above, are always in a manner approved metaphors;¹ since they always consist of two terms, like the proportional metaphor, as when we say, for instance, that the shield is the goblet of Ares, and the bow a lyre without strings. 1413a 1 But such an expression is not simple, but when we call the bow a lyre, or the shield a goblet, it is.²

Rhetoric. Aristotle. John Henry Freese (Translator). London. 1926.

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Current edition Perseus

The "Art" of Rhetoric (English) (Aristotle. The "Art" of Rhetoric. Freese, John Henry, translator. London: William Heinemann, Ltd.; Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1926 (printing).)

Editions (1)

Ῥητορική Perseus (Aristotle. Aristotelis Ars Rhetorica. Ross, William David, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press,1959 (printing).) — 3.11.11 focus

[11] εἰσὶν δὲ καὶ αἱ εἰκόνες, ὥσπερ εἴρηται καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἄνω, 35 αἱ εὐδοκιμοῦσαι τρόπον τινὰ μεταφοραί· ἀεὶ γὰρ ἐκ δυοῖν λέγονται, ὥσπερ ἡ ἀνάλογον μεταφορά, οἷον ἡ ἀσπίς, φαμέν, ἐστι φιάλη Ἄρεως, καὶ τὸ τόξον φόρμιγξ ἄχορδος. 1413a 1 οὕτω μὲν οὖν λέγουσιν οὐχ ἁπλοῦν, τὸ δʼ εἰπεῖν τὸ τόξον φόρμιγγα ἢ τὴν ἀσπίδα φιάλην ἁπλοῦν.

Notes on the current edition

Rhetoric

1. Or, reading αἱ for ἀεὶ, approved similes are . . .

2. In the simple metaphor goblet is substituted for shield, but sometimes additions are made to the word as differently applied, such as of Ares and without strings. These additions, besides involving greater detail (a characteristic of the simile), distinctly bring out the contrast of the two terms and make a simile, whereas the metaphor simply transfers the meaning.

Aristotle Rhetoric 3.11.11

John Henry Freese (Translator)

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