Lucian, Toxaris vel amicitia, Henry Watson Fowler (Translator), Francis George Fowler (Translator), 23

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[23] However, the latter had no sooner heard the will read, than they proceeded to execute the testator’s intentions. Charixenus only survived Eudamidas by five days: but Aretaeus, most generous of heirs, accepted the double bequest, is supporting the aged mother at this day, and has only lately given the daughter in marriage, allowing to her and to his own daughter portions of £500 each, out of his whole property of £1,250; the two marriages were arranged to take place on the same day. What do you think of him, Toxaris? This is something like friendship, is it not,—to accept such a bequest as this, and to show such respect for a friend’s last wishes? May we pass this as one of my five?

Toxaris

Excellent as was the behaviour of Aretaeus, I admire still more Eudamidas’s confidence in his friends. It shows that he would have done as much for them; even if nothing had been said about it in their wills, he would have been the first to come forward and claim the inheritance as natural heir.

Toxaris vel amicitia. Lucian. Henry Watson Fowler (Translator), Francis George Fowler (Translator). Medford, MA, USA. 2023-08-01.

Current edition Perseus

Toxaris: a Dialogue of Friendship (English) (The Works of Lucian of Samosata, Vol. 3. Fowler, Henry Watson and Fowler, Francis George, translators. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905.)

Editions (1)

Τόξαρις ἢ Φιλία Perseus (Lucian, Vol. 5. Harmon, Austin Morris, editor. London: William Heinemann, Ltd.; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1936 (printing).) — 23 focus

Μνήσιππος

οἱ κληρονόμοι δὲ οἷς ταῦτα κατελέλειπτο, ὡς ἤκουσαν, ἧκον εὐθὺς διαιτῶντες τὰ ἐκ τῶν διαθηκῶν. ὁ μὲν οὖν Χαρίξενος πέντε μόνας ἡμέρας ἐπιβιοὺς ἀπέθανεν, ὁ δὲ Ἀρεταῖος ἄριστος κληρονόμων γενόμενος τήν τε αὑτοῦ καὶ τὴν ἐκείνου μερίδα παραλαβὼν τρέφει τε τοῦ Εὐδαμίδα τὴν μητέρα καὶ τὴν θυγατέρα οὐ πρὸ πολλοῦ ἐκδέδωκεν, ἀπὸ ταλάντων πέντε ὧν εἶχεν δύο μὲν τῇ ἑαυτοῦ θυγατρί, δύο δὲ τῇ τοῦ φίλου ἐπιδούς, καὶ τὸν γάμον γε αὐταῖν ἐπὶ μιᾶς ἡμέρας ἠξίωσε γενέσθαι.

τί σοι δοκεῖ, ὦ Τόξαρι, ὁ Ἀρεταῖος οὗτος; ἆρα φαῦλον παράδειγμα φιλίας παρεσχῆσθαι τοιαῦτα κληρονομήσας καὶ μὴ προδοὺς τὰς διαθήκας τοῦ φίλου; ἢ τίθεμεν καὶ τοῦτον ἐν ταῖς τελείαις ψήφοις μίαν τῶν πέντε εἶναι;

Τόξαρις

καὶ οὗτος μὲν καλός·¹ ἐγὼ δὲ τὸν Εὐδαμίδαν πολὺ μᾶλλον ἐθαύμασα τοῦ θάρσους ὃ εἶχεν ἐπὶ τοῖς φίλοις. ἐδήλου γὰρ ὡς καὶ αὐτὸς ἂν τὰ ὅμοια ἔπραξεν ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς, εἰ μὴ καὶ ἐν διαθήκαις ταῦτα ἐνεγέγραπτο, ἀλλὰ πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἧκεν ἂν ἄγραφος κληρονόμος τῶν τοιούτων.

Translations (2)

Toxaris, or Friendship Perseus (Lucian, Vol. 5. Harmon, Austin Morris, editor. London: William Heinemann, Ltd.; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1936 (printing).) — 23 focus

[23] The heirs to whom these legacies had been left, on hearing of it, came at once to administer the will. Charixenus, to be sure, outlived his friend only five days; but Aretaeus proved himself the best of legatees. Assuming both his own interest and the other’s, he supported Eudamidas’ mother and also not long ago portioned his daughter off, giving, out of five talents that he had, dowries of two talents to his own daughter and two to his friend’s; moreover, he thought fit that they should both be married on the same day.

What is your opinion, Toxaris, of this man Aretaeus? Has he set a bad example of friendship in accepting such legacies and not playing false to his his friend’s last will? Or shall we put him down among those definitely elected as one of the five?

TOXARIS

Yes, he too is noble; but to me Eudamidas is far more wonderful for the confidence he had in his friends. He made it plain that he himself would have done likewise for them; indeed, he would not have hung back if it had not been set down in a will, but would have presented himself before all the rest as an heir to such bequests by intestate succession.

Toxaris; Or, Friendship Perseus (Selections from Lucian. Smith, Emily James, translator. New York: Harper Brothers, 1892.) — 23 focus

[23] But the heirs to whom these things were bequeathed came as soon as they heard of it, and carried out the provisions of the will. Now, Charixenes died only five days. later, and Aretaios showed himself the best of heirs by assuming both his own share and the other's. He still supports Eudamidas's mother, and the daughter he gave in marriage not long ago. Of his estate of five thousand dollars he gave two thousand with his own daughter and two thousand with the daughter of his friend, and deemed it right to celebrate both marriages on the same day. What do you think of Aretaios, Toxaris? Does he seem to you to furnish a bad example of friendship, inheriting such a legacy and not betraying his friend's bequest? Or shall our mature decision be to place him as one among the five?

Toxaris

He, too, is a noble man. But I admire far more the confidence which Eudamidas placed in his friends. He showed that he, too, would have done likewise for them, even if the duty had not been left him by will, and would have been the first to come as the unappointed heir of such a legacy.

Lucian Toxaris vel amicitia 23

Henry Watson Fowler (Translator), Francis George Fowler (Translator)

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