Lucian of Samosata, Toxaris vel amicitia, Austin Morris Harmon (Translator), 51

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[51] That, then, is what Lonchates did, and so fulfilled his promise to Arsacomas by giving him the head of Leucanor. As for Macentes, while on his way he had heard what had happened in Bosporus, and. when he reached the Machlyans was the first to report to them the tidings of the king’s death,¹ adding: “And the city, Adyrmachus, calls you to the throne, as his son-in-law; so you yourself must ride on ahead and take over the government, appear- ing suddenly in the midst of things while they are unsettled; but the girl must follow you in your wagontrain, for in that way it will be easier for you to win over the common people in Bosporus, after they have seen the daughter of Leucanor. For myself, I am an Alan, and also related to the girl through her mother, since Masteira, whom Leucanor married, was of our people; and I come to you now on the part of Masteira’s brothers in the country of the Alans, who urge you to ride with all speed to Bosporus and not to let the government go over to Eubiotus, who being the illegitimate brother of Leucanor, is always friendly to the Scythians and detests the Alans.”²

Macentes was able to say this because he wore the same dress and spoke the same tongue as the Alans. These characteristics are common to Alans and Scythians, except that the Alans do not wear their hair very long, as the Scythians do. Macentes, however, had made himself resemble them in this also, and had docked his hair by as much as an Alan’s would probably be shorter than a Scythian’s. Therefore he was believed, and was thought to be a relative of Masteira and Mazaea.

Toxaris vel amicitia. Lucian of Samosata. Austin Morris Harmon (Translator). United States. Perseus 5.0.

Funding provided by National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

Toxaris, or Friendship (English) (Lucian, Vol. 5. Harmon, Austin Morris, editor. London: William Heinemann, Ltd.; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1936 (printing).)

Editions (1)

Τόξαρις ἢ Φιλία Perseus (Lucian, Vol. 5. Harmon, Austin Morris, editor. London: William Heinemann, Ltd.; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1936 (printing).) — 51 focus

Τόξαρις

ταῦτα μὲν ὁ Λογχάτης ἔπραξεν καὶ τὴν ὑπόσχεσιν ἀπεπλήρωσεν τῷ Ἀρσακόμᾳ παραδοὺς τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ Λευκάνορος. ὁ Μακέντης δὲ καθʼ ὁδὸν ἀκούσας τὰ ἐν Βοσπόρῳ γενόμενα ἧκεν εἰς τοὺς Μάχλυας καὶ πρῶτος ἀγγείλας αὐτοῖς τὸν φόνον τοῦ βασιλέως, ἡ πόλις δέ, ἔφη, ὦ Ἀδύρμαχε, σὲ γαμβρὸν ὄντα ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν καλεῖ· ὥστε σὺ μὲν προελάσας παραλάμβανε τὴν ἀρχήν, τεταραγμένοις τοῖς πράγμασιν ἐπιφανείς, ἡ κόρη δέ σοι κατόπιν ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαξῶν ἑπέσθω· ῥᾷον γὰρ οὕτω προσάξεις Βοσπορανῶν τοὺς πολλούς, ἰδόντας τὴν Λευκάνορος θυγατέρα. ἐγὼ δὲ Ἀλανός τέ εἰμι καὶ τῇ παιδὶ ταύτῃ συγγενὴς μητρόθεν· παρʼ ἡμῶν γὰρ οὖσαν τὴν Μάστειραν ἠγάγετο ὁ Λευκάνωρ. καὶ νῦν σοι ἥκω παρὰ τῶν Μαστείρας ἀδελφῶν τῶν ἐν Ἀλανίᾳ παρακελευομένων ὅτι τάχιστα ἐλαύνειν ἐπὶ τὸν Βόσπορον καὶ μὴ περιιδεῖν ἐς¹ Εὐβίοτον περιελθοῦσαν τὴν ἀρχήν, ὃς ἀδελφὸς ὢν νόθος Λευκάνορος Σκύθαις μὲν ἀεὶ φίλος ἐστίν, Ἀλανοῖς δὲ ἀπέχθεται. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγεν ὁ Μακέντης ὁμόσκευος καὶ ὁμόγλωττος τοῖς Ἀλανοῖς ὤν· κοινὰ γὰρ ταῦτα Ἀλανοῖς καὶ Σκύθαις, πλὴν ὅτι οὐ πάνυ κομῶσιν οἱ Ἀλανοὶ ὥσπερ οἱ Σκύθαι. ἀλλὰ ὁ Μακέντης καὶ τοῦτο εἴκαστο αὐτοῖς καὶ ἀποκεκάρκει τῆς κόμης ὁπόσον εἰκὸς ἦν ἔλαττον κομᾶν τὸν Ἀλανὸν τοῦ Σκύθου· ὥστε ἐπιστεύετο διὰ ταῦτα καὶ ἐδόκει² Μαστείρας καὶ Μαζαίας συγγενὴς εἶναι.

Translations (2)

Toxaris: a Dialogue of Friendship Perseus (The Works of Lucian of Samosata, Vol. 3. Fowler, Henry Watson and Fowler, Francis George, translators. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905.) — 51 focus

[51] Thus Lonchates fulfilled his promise, and handed the head of Leucanor to Arsacomas.; The news of this reached Macentes while he was on his way to Machlyene, and on his arrival there he was the first to announce the king’s death. ‘You, Adyrmachus,’ he added, ‘are his sonin-law, and are now summoned to the throne. Ride on in advance, and establish your claim while all is still unsettled. Your bride can follow with the waggons; the presence of Leucanor’s daughter will be of assistance to you in securing the support of the Bosphorans. I myself am an Alanian, and am related to this lady by the mother’s side: Leucanor’s wife, Mastira, was of my family. I now come to you from Mastira’s brothers in Alania: they would have you make the best of your way to Bosphorus at once, or you will find your crown on the head of Eubiotus, Leucanor’s bastard brother, who is a friend to Scythia, and detested by the Alanians.’ In language and dress, Macentes resembled an Alanian; for in these respects there is no difference between Scythians and Alanians, except that the Alanians do not wear such long hair as we do. Macentes had completed the resemblance by cropping his hair to the right shortness, and was thus enabled to pass for a kinsman of Mastira and Mazaea.

Toxaris; Or, Friendship Perseus (Selections from Lucian. Smith, Emily James, translator. New York: Harper Brothers, 1892.) — 51 focus

[51] These, then, were the exploits of Lonchates, done in fulfilling his promise to Arsakomas by bringing the head of Leukanor. Makentes, on his part, arrived among the Machlyëans, having heard on the road what had happened at the Bosporus. Thus he was the first to announce to them the murder of the king, and he added: "The state, Adyrmachos, summons you to the throne because you are his son-in-law. So do you ride first and seize the empire, appearing on the scene while matters are in disorder. Let the young lady follow after you with chariots, for you will the more easily conciliate the Bosporian mob if they see the daughter of Leukanor. I am an Alanian and related to the girl on the mother's side, for it was from our family that Leukanor chose his wife, Masteira. And now I am come to you from Masteira's brothers in Alania, who bid you ride to the Bosporos as quickly as you may, and not permit the empire to pass into the hands of Eubiotos, a bastard brother of Leukanor, who has always been a friend of the Scythians and detested by the Alanians." This speech Makentes delivered, wearing the dress of the Alanians and speaking their language, for on these points the Scythians and Alanians agree with this one exception, that the Alanians do not wear their hair very long, as the Scythians do. But in this respect, too, Makentes had likened himself to an Alanian by cutting his hair as much short of the Scythian length as an Alanian's would probably be. So by these means he got credence as a relative of Masteira and Mazaia.

Notes on the current edition

Toxaris, or Friendship

It should not be inferred that it has taken Lonchates all this time to reach the city and its king. As the king has heard of the Scythian mustering before Lonchates sees him, it is evident that there was some delay, whether accidental or deliberate, week or more (p. 183 and note) has elapsed before Macentes reaches the Machlyans, yet he returns in less than forty-eight hours, riding night and day, to be sure, but with the horse earrying double and therefore obliged to rest frequently.

Abridgement seems to enter here; for the fact that Eubiotus is the illegitimate brother of Leucanor does not in itself adequately account for his attitude toward the Scythians and the Alans. Was his mother a Scythian, or perhaps a Sarmatian? At this time he is living among the Sarmatians (§ 54).

Lucian of Samosata Toxaris vel amicitia 51

Austin Morris Harmon (Translator)

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