Plato Protagoras 310

Walter Rangeley Maitland Lamb (Translator)

Protagoras. Plato. Walter Rangeley Maitland Lamb (Translator). Cambridge, MA. 1924.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The Annenberg CPB/Project.

Current edition Perseus

Protagoras (English) (Plato in Twelve Volumes, Vol. 2. Lamb, W.R.M., translator. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1924 (printing).)

Editions (1)
Πρωταγόρας Perseus (Platonis Opera, Tomus III: Tetralogia V-VII. Burnet, John, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903.) — 310 focus

Notes on the current edition

Protagoras

1. The friend had an attendant who was sitting by him.

Commentary

Commentary on Plato, Protagoras (Plato. Platonis Protagoras. Adam, James; Adam, Adela Marion, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1921.) focus

πάνυ γε πολλὰ καὶ εἰπὼν κτλ. Sauppe places a comma after πάνυ γε , but it suits the rapid movement of the dialogue better to take πάνυ with πολλά .

τί οὖν οὐ διηγήσω . Literally ‘why didn't you relate’, i.e. ‘tell us at once’. So in 317D τί οὖν—οὐ καὶ Πρόδικον καὶ Ἱππίαν ἐκαλέσαμεν ; This construction of τί οὐ and τί οὖν οὐ is common in animated conversational style, especially with the second person: e.g. Gorg. 503B τί οὐχὶ καὶ ἐμοὶ αὐτὸν ἔφρασας τίς ἐστιν ;= φράσον ὅτι τάχιστα—οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις φράζων as Thompson remarks.

τὴν ξυνουσίαν recalls συγγεγονώς in l. 34. The continual use of the words συνεῖναι, συγγίγνεσθαι, πλησιάζειν, ἰέναι ἐπί, ἐρᾶν and the like to denote the relation between learner and teacher in Plato's dialogues depends upon the conception of the philosophical impulse as ἔρως : see Symp. 210 .

ἐξαναστήσας τὸν παῖδα τουτονί . The slave was doubtless in attendance on the Friend.

ἀκούητε . From this, as well as from ἡμεῖς and ἀκούετε , it appears that the Friend was not the only listener.

διπλῆ ἂν εἴη ἡ χάρις . The expression is almost proverbial: cf. (with Schneidewin on Soph. Phil. 1370 ) Eur. Rhesus, 162-3 παντὶ γὰρ προσκείμενον κέρδος πρὸς ἔργω? τὴν χάριν τίκτει διπλῆν, and Eur. Suppl. 333-4 τῷδέ τ’ εἴρηκας καλῶς κἀμοί· διπλοῦν δὲ χάρμα γίγνεται τόδε.

ᾔει ἐπειγόμενος . So BT: neither in the 3rd singular of such forms nor elsewhere do Plato's MSS. always avoid hiatus. Schanz (vol. XII, p. XV) would insert the ν ἐφελκυστικόν in such forms before a vowel, unless a pause follows.

Ἱπποκράτης, ἔφην, οὗτος . We have followed Heindorf in printing a full stop after οὗτος . Heindorf (following Ficinus) correctly takes the words as an aside; Socrates recognises Hippocrates by his voice. The neuter comparative of νέος regularly implies that the new is worse than the old: see on Euthyphr. 2A .

εἰ μὴ ἀγαθά γε . Compare Ar. Knights, 186 μῶν ἐκ καλῶν εἶ κἀγαθῶν; μὰ τοὺς θεούς, εἰ μὴ ’κ πονηρῶν γεand Blaydes in loc. The idiom originally meant ‘unless by νεώτερα you mean ἀγαθά ’, which would be a contradiction in terms, since νεώτερον is κακόν . Preceded by οὐδέν it has come to mean little more than ‘except good’.

πρῴην : see 309D τρίτην γε ἤδη ἡμέραν .

ἑσπέρας γε : χθές is unnecessary, as the Athenians counted the interval between two sunsets as one day (Kroschel, referring to Varro, ap. Gell. Noct. Att. III. 2. 4).

ἐπιψηλαφήσας τοῦ σκίμποδος . The σκίμπους was a low stool or bed. According to a scholiast on Ar. Clouds, 254 , the word means properly a ‘lame stool’ ( χωλὸν κραββάτιον ) and is connected with σκιμπάζειν = χωλαίνειν. ἐπιψηλαφῶ is followed by the accusative where it does not (as here) contain the idea of search for, e.g. in Rep. II. 360A ( ἐπιψηλαφῶντα τὸν δακτύλιον ).

Οἰνόης . Oenoe (probably = the Wine-country) was a δῆμος in the φυλὴ Ἱπποθοωντίς , near Eleutherae, on the road to Thebes. The slave had endeavoured to escape across the frontier into Boeotia. There was another δῆμος of the same name near Marathon, belonging to the φυλὴ Αἰαντίς .

ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἦλθον . For this sense of ἔρχομαι (‘come back’) Heindorf quotes Lysias ὑπὲρ Μαντιθέου § 4 ἀλλ’ ἤλθομεν πρὶν τοὺς ἀπὸ Φυλῆς εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ κατελθεῖν πρότερον πένθ’ ἡμέραις .

ἀδελφός . So (not ἁδελφός ) the MSS. The article is not rarely omitted with names denoting relation, as we usually omit it with ‘father’ and ‘mother’. See Kühner's Griechische Grammatik, 11, 522. The force of ἔτι is ‘late though it was’. δέ is commonly omitted after ἔπειτα and εἶτα : so below, 350D πρῶτον μὲν γάρ—ἔπειτα ; Symp. 211A πρῶτον μὲν ἀεὶ ὄν—ἔπειτα οὐ τῇ μὲν καλόν, τῇ δ’ αἰσχρόν.

πόρρω τῶν νυκτῶν . The plural is idiomatic: cf. Symp. 217D διελεγόμην ἀεὶ πόρρω τῶν νυκτῶν ; Ar. Clouds, 2 ὦ Ζεῦ βασιλεῦ τὸ χρῆμα τῶν νυκτῶν ὅσον. So μέσαι νύκτες for ‘midnight’. In quibus loquendi formulis remarks Heindorf ‘ νύκτες horas nocturnas denotant’.

ὁ ὕπνος ἀνῆκεν is modelled on Homer (e.g. Il. II. 71 ἐμὲ δὲ γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἀνῆκεν), but Plato gives a different turn to ἀνῆκεν by adding ἐκ τοῦ κόπου , where ἐκ is ‘from’, not ‘after’ (as Stallbaum thinks). Note presently that οὕτω to introduce the apodosis after participles is especially common in Plato: cf. below, 314C 326D

ἀνδρείαν. ἀνδρεῖοςoccurs in much the same sense in Meno, 81D οὐδὲν κωλύει—τἄλλα πάντα αὐτὸν ἀνευρεῖν, ἐάν τις ἀνδρεῖος ᾗ καὶ μὴ ἀποκάμνῃ ζητῶν. σοίis emphatic and should therefore be accented, like σέ in l. 28.

ἀδικεῖ. ἀδικεῖνis often used of a past injury because the injury is regarded as continuing till atonement is made: see on Crito, 50C .

ἂν αὐτῷ διδῷς ἀργύριον καὶ πείθῃς ἐκεῖνον . For the variation of pronouns cf. Euthyphr. 14D ἀλλά μοι λέξον τίς αὕτη ἡ ὑρηπεσία ἐστί τοῖς θεοῖς; αἰτεῖν τε φὴ|ς αὐτοὺς καὶ διδόναι ἐκείνοις; above, 309B and below, 318C The change is most frequent where the second pronoun is different in case from the first: cf. Classen on Thuc. I. 132. 5. Cobet ejects the words καὶ πείθῃς ἐκεῖνον , but they are supported by the parallel expression of 311D ἂν μὲν ἐξικνῆται τὰ ἡμέτερα χρήματα καὶ τούτοις πείθωμεν αὐτόν .

ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ θεοί : i.e. καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι θεοί . The exclamation is common: see Blaydes on Ar. Plutus, I .

ἐν τούτῳ εἴη . Cf. 354E and 356D εἰ οὖν ἐν τούτῳ ἡμῖν ἦν τὸ εὖ πράττειν .

οὔτε τῶν φίλων . The English idiom would lead us to expect οὔτε τῶν τῶν φίλων : but in Greek the double article is avoided by substituting ‘my friends’ for ‘my friends' property’. Analogous is the usage known as comparatio compendiaria, e.g. κόμαι Χαρίτεσσιν ὁμοῖαι ( Il. XVII. 51 ), where ‘the Graces’ is put for ‘the Graces' hair’.

ἀλλ’ αὐτὰ ταῦτα . See on Apol. 23B . ταῦτα = διὰ ταῦτα is frequent in Plato and Aristophanes.

ὅτε τὸ πρότερον ἐπεδήμησεν . Probably about 445 B.C., if the date of action of the dialogue is 433-432. (See Introduction p. xxxiii.) Protagoras went to Thurii in 443 B.C., being charged by Pericles to draw up a code of laws for the new colony.