Aristophanes Birds 903

Birds. Aristophanes. . 2026-09-08.

Current edition Experimental

English (Sanjaya, generated; selected passages) (OCR draft) (English) (Source: pnadelofficial/aristophanes-sanjaya, commit c319590c139e5603e71f0699caa0663d823af8ad. Machine-generated source annotations retained; see Sanjaya import audit for coverage and limitations.)

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (1)
Ὄρνιθες Perseus (Aristophanes. Aristophanis Comoediae, Vol. 1. Hall, F. W. and Geldart, William M., editors. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906.) — 903 focus
Translations (2)
Birds Perseus (Aristophanes. The Complete Greek Drama, Vol. 2. Anonymous, translator. O'Neill, Eugene; Oates, Whitney Jennings, editors. New York: Random House, 1938 (printing).)

No corresponding passage available

Birds (OCR draft) Experimental (Anonymous translation, 1938 compilation; legacy Perseus source migration. Preserved separately from the revised canonical perseus-eng2 at the project owner's request.) — 903 focus

Commentary

Commentary (Sanjaya, generated; selected passages) (OCR draft) (Source: pnadelofficial/aristophanes-sanjaya, commit c319590c139e5603e71f0699caa0663d823af8ad. Machine-generated source annotations retained; see Sanjaya import audit for coverage and limitations.) focus

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καὶ παρθένεια καὶ κατὰ τὰ Σιμωνίδου.
The phrase κατὰ τὰ Σιμωνίδου is a genitive of the author's name used adverbially to mean 'in the manner of Simonides' or 'according to Simonides'. This construction is a specific instance of the genitive of source or manner, often found in comedy to evoke a specific stylistic or thematic association. Here, it likely alludes to Simonides' reputation for composing elegant, perhaps even sentimental, poetry, contrasting with the crude or pragmatic nature of the chorus's situation. The use of the definite article τὰ before the genitive is characteristic of this idiomatic usage in Attic comedy, where it functions as a neuter plural substantive meaning 'the things of' or 'the style of'.

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σὺ δὲ πάτερ κτίστορ Αἴτνας,
The vocative address to Zeus as 'father' and 'founder of Aetna' relies on the specific mythological tradition (found in Hesiod and Aeschylus) that Zeus buried the giant Typhoeus beneath Mount Aetna after the Titanomachy. In the context of Aristophanes, this is a deliberate, hyperbolic inversion: the characters are attempting to found a new city in the clouds, and they invoke the very god who founded the most famous subterranean prison for a giant as their 'architect' (κτίστορ). This creates a comic irony where the divine founder of a chthonic dungeon is asked to found a celestial utopia, highlighting the absurdity of the birds' project.

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τὺ δὲ τεᾷ φρενὶ μάθε Πινδάρειον ἔπος —
The phrase Πινδάρειον ἔπος functions as a generic designation for a 'Pindaric verse' or 'epinician ode' rather than a specific citation, yet Aristophanes here alludes specifically to the famous opening of the Second Pythian Ode (1–2), where Pindar urges the soul to 'learn' (μάθε) the nature of the divine. The use of the imperative μάθε with the dative φρενὶ (mind/heart) mirrors Pindar's own didactic tone, but Aristophanes subverts the high seriousness of Pindar's exhortation to the birds by applying it to the absurd project of building Cloudcuckooland. This intertextual play relies on the audience recognizing the specific Pindaric echo of learning from the mind/soul, transforming a moment of lyrical gravity into comic instruction.