Odyssey. Homer. Boston. 1873.
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Ulysses, the sagacious, thus rejoined:
"Why name them, nurse? It needs not. I myself
Shall watch them, and shall know them all. Hold thou
Thy peace, and leave the issue with the gods.”
610
He spake; the aged woman left the place
To bring a second bath, for on the floor
The first was spilled. When she had bathed his feet
And made them smooth with oil, Ulysses drew
Close to the hearth his seat again, to take
615
The warmth, and with his tatters hid the scar.
And thus the sage Penelope began: -
"Stranger, but little longer will I yet
Inquire; the hour of grateful rest is near
For those who, though unhappy, can receive
620
The balm of slumber. Yet for me some god
Appoints immeasurable grief. All day
In sorrows and in sighs, my solace is
To oversee my maidens at their tasks
Here in the palace; but when evening comes,
625
And all betake themselves to rest, I lie
Upon my couch, and sorrows thick and sharp
Awake new misery in my heart. As when,
In the fresh spring, the swarthy Nightingale,
Daughter of Pandarus, among thick leaves
630
Sings sweetly to the woods, and, changing oft
The strain, pours forth her voice of many notes,
Lamenting the beloved Itylus,
Her son by royal Zethos, whom she smote
Unwittingly, and slew; with such quick change
635
My mind is tossed from thought to thought. I muse
Whether to keep my place beside my son,
And hold what here is mine, my dower, my maids
And high-roofed halls, as one who still reveres
Her husband's bed, and heeds the public voice,
640
Or follow one of the Achaian chiefs,
The noblest of the wooers, and the one
Who offers marriage presents without stint.
My son's green years, while he was yet a boy,
Unripe in mind, allowed me not to wed,
645
And leave his father's home; but he is grown,
And on the verge of manhood. He desires
That I should leave the palace, for his wrath
Is great against the men who waste his wealth.
Hear, and interpret now a dream of mine :
650
Within these courts are twenty geese that eat
Corn from the water, and I look on them
Pleased and amused. From off a mountain came
A hook-beaked eagle, broke their necks, and left
Their bodies strewn about the palace dead,
655
And soared again into the air of heaven.
I wept and moaned, although it was a dream ;
And round me came the fair-haired Grecian maids,
Lamenting wildly that the bird of prey
Had slain my geese.
660
Current edition Experimental
English (William Cullen Bryant, 1873) (OCR draft) (English) (English (William Cullen Bryant, 1873))
Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.
Editions (1)
Ὀδύσσεια Perseus (Homer. The Odyssey, Volume 1-2. Murray, A. T. (Augustus Taber), editor. London: William Heinmann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1919.) — 19.499 focus
τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς
μαῖα, τίη δὲ σὺ τὰς μυθήσεαι; οὐδέ τί σε χρή.
500
εὖ νυ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐγὼ φράσομαι καὶ εἴσομʼ ἑκάστην·
ἀλλʼ ἔχε σιγῇ μῦθον, ἐπίτρεψον δὲ θεοῖσιν.
ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, γρηῢς δὲ διὲκ μεγάροιο βεβήκει
οἰσομένη ποδάνιπτρα· τὰ γὰρ πρότερʼ ἔκχυτο πάντα.
αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ νίψεν τε καὶ ἤλειψεν λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ,
505
αὖτις ἄρʼ ἀσσοτέρω πυρὸς ἕλκετο δίφρον Ὀδυσσεὺς
θερσόμενος, οὐλὴν δὲ κατὰ ῥακέεσσι κάλυψε.
τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·
ξεῖνε, τὸ μέν σʼ ἔτι τυτθὸν ἐγὼν εἰρήσομαι αὐτή·
καὶ γὰρ δὴ κοίτοιο τάχʼ ἔσσεται ἡδέος ὥρη,
510
ὅν τινά γʼ ὕπνος ἕλοι γλυκερός, καὶ κηδόμενόν περ.
αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ καὶ πένθος ἀμέτρητον πόρε δαίμων·
ἤματα μὲν γὰρ τέρπομʼ ὀδυρομένη, γοόωσα,
ἔς τʼ ἐμὰ ἔργʼ ὁρόωσα καὶ ἀμφιπόλων ἐνὶ οἴκῳ·
αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν νὺξ ἔλθῃ, ἕλῃσί τε κοῖτος ἅπαντας,
515
κεῖμαι ἐνὶ λέκτρῳ, πυκιναὶ δέ μοι ἀμφʼ ἀδινὸν κῆρ
ὀξεῖαι μελεδῶνες ὀδυρομένην ἐρέθουσιν.
ὡς δʼ ὅτε Πανδαρέου κούρη, χλωρηῒς ἀηδών,
καλὸν ἀείδῃσιν ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο,
δενδρέων ἐν πετάλοισι καθεζομένη πυκινοῖσιν,
520
ἥ τε θαμὰ τρωπῶσα χέει πολυηχέα φωνήν,
παῖδʼ ὀλοφυρομένη Ἴτυλον φίλον, ὅν ποτε χαλκῷ
κτεῖνε διʼ ἀφραδίας, κοῦρον Ζήθοιο ἄνακτος,
ὣς καὶ ἐμοὶ δίχα θυμὸς ὀρώρεται ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,
ἠὲ μένω παρὰ παιδὶ καὶ ἔμπεδα πάντα φυλάσσω,
525
κτῆσιν ἐμήν, δμῶάς τε καὶ ὑψερεφὲς μέγα δῶμα,
εὐνήν τʼ αἰδομένη πόσιος δήμοιό τε φῆμιν,
ἦ ἤδη ἅμʼ ἕπωμαι Ἀχαιῶν ὅς τις ἄριστος
μνᾶται ἐνὶ μεγάροισι, πορὼν ἀπερείσια ἕδνα.
παῖς δʼ ἐμὸς ἧος ἔην ἔτι νήπιος ἠδὲ χαλίφρων,
530
γήμασθʼ οὔ μʼ εἴα πόσιος κατὰ δῶμα λιποῦσαν·
νῦν δʼ ὅτε δὴ μέγας ἐστὶ καὶ ἥβης μέτρον ἱκάνει,
καὶ δή μʼ ἀρᾶται πάλιν ἐλθέμεν ἐκ μεγάροιο,
κτήσιος ἀσχαλόων, τήν οἱ κατέδουσιν Ἀχαιοί.
ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τὸν ὄνειρον ὑπόκριναι καὶ ἄκουσον.
535
χῆνές μοι κατὰ οἶκον ἐείκοσι πυρὸν ἔδουσιν
ἐξ ὕδατος, καί τέ σφιν ἰαίνομαι εἰσορόωσα·
ἐλθὼν δʼ ἐξ ὄρεος μέγας αἰετὸς ἀγκυλοχείλης
πᾶσι κατʼ αὐχένας ἦξε καὶ ἔκτανεν· οἱ δʼ ἐκέχυντο
ἀθρόοι ἐν μεγάροις, ὁ δʼ ἐς αἰθέρα δῖαν ἀέρθη.
540
αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κλαῖον καὶ ἐκώκυον ἔν περ ὀνείρῳ,
ἀμφὶ δʼ ἔμʼ ἠγερέθοντο ἐϋπλοκαμῖδες Ἀχαιαί,
οἴκτρʼ ὀλοφυρομένην ὅ μοι αἰετὸς ἔκτανε χῆνας.
ἂψ δʼ ἐλθὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετʼ ἐπὶ προὔχοντι μελάθρῳ,
φωνῇ δὲ βροτέῃ κατερήτυε φώνησέν τε·
545
θάρσει, Ἰκαρίου κούρη τηλεκλειτοῖο·
οὐκ ὄναρ, ἀλλʼ ὕπαρ ἐσθλόν, ὅ τοι τετελεσμένον ἔσται.
χῆνες μὲν μνηστῆρες, ἐγὼ δέ τοι αἰετὸς ὄρνις
ἦα πάρος, νῦν αὖτε τεὸς πόσις εἰλήλουθα,
ὃς πᾶσι μνηστῆρσιν ἀεικέα πότμον ἐφήσω.
550
ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐμὲ μελιηδὴς ὕπνος ἀνῆκε·
παπτήνασα δὲ χῆνας ἐνὶ μεγάροισι νόησα
πυρὸν ἐρεπτομένους παρὰ πύελον, ἧχι πάρος περ.
τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·
ὦ γύναι, οὔ πως ἔστιν ὑποκρίνασθαι ὄνειρον
555
ἄλλῃ ἀποκλίναντʼ, ἐπεὶ ἦ ῥά τοι αὐτὸς Ὀδυσσεὺς
πέφραδʼ ὅπως τελέει· μνηστῆρσι δὲ φαίνετʼ ὄλεθρος
πᾶσι μάλʼ, οὐδέ κέ τις θάνατον καὶ κῆρας ἀλύξει.
τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·
ξεῖνʼ, ἦ τοι μὲν ὄνειροι ἀμήχανοι ἀκριτόμυθοι
560
γίγνοντʼ, οὐδέ τι πάντα τελείεται ἀνθρώποισι.
δοιαὶ γάρ τε πύλαι ἀμενηνῶν εἰσὶν ὀνείρων·
αἱ μὲν γὰρ κεράεσσι τετεύχαται, αἱ δʼ ἐλέφαντι·
τῶν οἳ μέν κʼ ἔλθωσι διὰ πριστοῦ ἐλέφαντος,
οἵ ῥʼ ἐλεφαίρονται, ἔπεʼ ἀκράαντα φέροντες·
565
οἱ δὲ διὰ ξεστῶν κεράων ἔλθωσι θύραζε,
οἵ ῥʼ ἔτυμα κραίνουσι, βροτῶν ὅτε κέν τις ἴδηται.
ἀλλʼ ἐμοὶ οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν ὀΐομαι αἰνὸν ὄνειρον
ἐλθέμεν· ἦ κʼ ἀσπαστὸν ἐμοὶ καὶ παιδὶ γένοιτο.
ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν·
570
ἥδε δὴ ἠὼς εἶσι δυσώνυμος, ἥ μʼ Ὀδυσῆος
οἴκου ἀποσχήσει· νῦν γὰρ καταθήσω ἄεθλον,
τοὺς πελέκεας, τοὺς κεῖνος ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἑοῖσιν
ἵστασχʼ ἑξείης, δρυόχους ὥς, δώδεκα πάντας·
στὰς δʼ ὅ γε πολλὸν ἄνευθε διαρρίπτασκεν ὀϊστόν.
575
νῦν δὲ μνηστήρεσσιν ἄεθλον τοῦτον ἐφήσω·
ὃς δέ κε ῥηΐτατʼ ἐντανύσῃ βιὸν ἐν παλάμῃσι
καὶ διοϊστεύσῃ πελέκεων δυοκαίδεκα πάντων,
τῷ κεν ἅμʼ ἑσποίμην, νοσφισσαμένη τόδε δῶμα
κουρίδιον, μάλα καλόν, ἐνίπλειον βιότοιο·
580
τοῦ ποτὲ μεμνήσεσθαι ὀΐομαι ἔν περ ὀνείρῳ.
τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς
ὦ γύναι αἰδοίη Λαερτιάδεω Ὀδυσῆος,
μηκέτι νῦν ἀνάβαλλε δόμοις ἔνι τοῦτον ἄεθλον·
πρὶν γάρ τοι πολύμητις ἐλεύσεται ἐνθάδʼ Ὀδυσσεύς,
585
πρὶν τούτους τόδε τόξον ἐΰξοον ἀμφαφόωντας
νευρήν τʼ ἐντανύσαι διοϊστεῦσαί τε σιδήρου.
τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·
εἴ κʼ ἐθέλοις μοι, ξεῖνε, παρήμενος ἐν μεγάροισι
τέρπειν, οὔ κέ μοι ὕπνος ἐπὶ βλεφάροισι χυθείη.
590
ἀλλʼ οὐ γάρ πως ἔστιν ἀΰπνους ἔμμεναι αἰεὶ
ἀνθρώπους· ἐπὶ γάρ τοι ἑκάστῳ μοῖραν ἔθηκαν
ἀθάνατοι θνητοῖσιν ἐπὶ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν.
ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι μὲν ἐγὼν ὑπερώϊον εἰσαναβᾶσα
λέξομαι εἰς εὐνήν, ἥ μοι στονόεσσα τέτυκται,
595
αἰεὶ δάκρυσʼ ἐμοῖσι πεφυρμένη, ἐξ οὗ Ὀδυσσεὺς
ᾤχετʼ ἐποψόμενος Κακοΐλιον οὐκ ὀνομαστήν.
ἔνθα κε λεξαίμην· σὺ δὲ λέξεο τῷδʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ,
ἢ χαμάδις στορέσας ἤ τοι κατὰ δέμνια θέντων.
ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀνέβαινʼ ὑπερώϊα σιγαλόεντα,
οὐκ οἴη, ἅμα τῇ γε καὶ ἀμφίπολοι κίον ἄλλαι.
ἐς δʼ ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβᾶσα σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξὶ
κλαῖεν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα, φίλον πόσιν, ὄφρα οἱ ὕπνον
ἡδὺν ἐπὶ βλεφάροισι βάλε γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.
Translations (8)
Odyssey Perseus (Homer. The Odyssey, Volume 1-2. Murray, A. T. (Augustus Taber), translator. London: William Heinmann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1919.) — 19.499 focus
Then Odysseus of many wiles answered her, and said:
500
“Mother, why, pray, wilt thou speak of them? Thou needest not at all. Of myself will I mark them well, and come to know each one. Nay, keep the matter to thyself, and leave the issue to the gods.” So he spoke, and the old woman went forth through the hall to bring water for his feet, for all the first was spilled.
505
And when she had washed him, and anointed him richly with oil, Odysseus again drew his chair nearer to the fire to warm himself, and hid the scar with his rags. Then wise Penelope was the first to speak, saying: “Stranger, this little thing further will I ask thee myself,
510
for it will soon be the hour for pleasant rest, for him at least on whom sweet sleep may come despite his care. But to me has a god given sorrow that is beyond all measure, for day by day I find my joy in mourning and lamenting, while looking to my household tasks and those of my women in the house,
515
but when night comes and sleep lays hold of all, I lie upon my bed, and sharp cares, crowding close about my throbbing heart, disquiet me, as I mourn. Even as when the daughter of Pandareus, the nightingale of the greenwood,
1
sings sweetly, when spring is newly come,
520
as she sits perched amid the thick leafage of the trees, and with many trilling notes pours forth her rich voice in wailing for her child, dear Itylus, whom she had one day slain with the sword unwittingly, Itylus, the son of king Zethus; even so my heart sways to and fro in doubt,
525
whether to abide with my son and keep all things safe, my possessions, my slaves, and my great, high-roofed house, respecting the bed of my husband and the voice of the people, or to go now with him whosoever is best of the Achaeans, who woos me in the halls and offers bride-gifts past counting.
530
Furthermore my son, so long as he was a child and slack of wit, would not suffer me to marry and leave the house of my husband; but now that he is grown and has reached the bounds of manhood, lo, he even prays me to go back again from these halls, being vexed for his substance that the Achaeans devour to his cost.
535
But come now, hear this dream of mine, and interpret it for me. Twenty geese I have in the house that come forth from the water
2
and eat wheat, and my heart warms with joy as I watch them. But forth from the mountain there came a great eagle with crooked beak and broke all their necks and killed them; and they lay strewn
540
in a heap in the halls, while he was borne aloft to the bright sky. Now for my part I wept and wailed, in a dream though it was, and round me thronged the fair-tressed Achaean women, as I grieved piteously because the eagle had slain my geese.
Odyssey Perseus (Homer. The Odyssey: rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Butler, Samuel, 1835-1902, translator. Revised by Timothy Power and Gregory Nagy. London: A.C. Fifield, 1900.) — 19.503 focus
503
As he said this Eurykleia left the room to fetch some more water, for the first had been all spilt; and when she had washed him and anointed him with oil, Odysseus drew his seat nearer to the fire to warm himself, and hid the scar under his rags. Then Penelope began talking to him and said:
509
"Stranger, I should like to speak with you briefly about another matter. It is indeed nearly bed time - for those, at least, who can sleep in spite of sorrow. As for myself, a
daimôn has given me a life of such unmeasurable woe [
penthos], that even by day when I am attending to my duties and looking after the servants, I am still weeping and lamenting during the whole time; then, when night comes, and we all of us go to bed, I lie awake thinking, and my heart becomes prey to the most incessant and cruel tortures. As the dun nightingale, daughter of Pandareus, sings in the early spring from her seat in shadiest covert hid, and with many a plaintive trill pours out the tale how by mishap she killed her own child Itylos, son of king Zethos, even so does my mind toss and turn in its uncertainty whether I ought to stay with my son here, and safeguard my substance, my bondsmen, and the greatness of my house, out of regard to the opinion of the
dêmos and the memory of my late husband, or whether it is not now time for me to go with the best of these suitors who are wooing me and making me such magnificent presents. As long as my son was still young, and unable to understand, he would not hear of my leaving my husband's house, but now that he is full grown he begs and prays me to do so, being incensed at the way in which the suitors are eating up his property. Listen, then, to a dream that I have had and interpret it for me if you can. I have twenty geese about the house that eat mash out of a trough, and of which I am exceedingly fond. I dreamed that a great eagle came swooping down from a mountain, and dug his curved beak into the neck of each of them till he had killed them all. Presently he soared off into the sky, and left them lying dead about the yard; whereon I wept in my room till all my maids gathered round me, so piteously was I grieving because the eagle had killed my geese. Then he came back again, and perching on a projecting rafter spoke to me with human voice, and told me to leave off crying. ‘Be of good courage,’ he said, ‘daughter of Ikarios; this is no dream, but a vision of good omen that shall surely come to pass. The geese are the suitors, and I am no longer an eagle, but your own husband, who am come back to you, and who will bring these suitors to a disgraceful end.’ On this I woke, and when I looked out I saw my geese at the trough eating their mash as usual."
554
"This dream, lady," replied Odysseus, "can admit but of one interpretation, for had not Odysseus himself told you how it shall be fulfilled? The death of the suitors is portended, and not one single one of them will escape."
559
And Penelope answered, "Stranger, dreams are very curious and unaccountable things, and they do not by any means invariably come true. There are two gates through which these insubstantial fancies proceed; the one is of horn, and the other ivory. Those that come through the gate of ivory are fatuous, but those from the gate of horn mean something to those that see them. I do not think, however, that my own dream came through the gate of horn, though I and my son should be most thankful if it proves to have done so. Furthermore I say - and lay my saying to your heart - the coming dawn will usher in the ill-omened day that is to sever me from the house of Odysseus, for I am about to hold a tournament [
athlos] of axes. My husband used to set up twelve axes in the court, one in front of the other, like the stays upon which a ship is built; he would then go back from them and shoot an arrow through the whole twelve. I shall make the suitors try to perform the same feat [
athlos], and whichever of them can string the bow most easily, and send his arrow through all the twelve axes, him will I follow, and quit this house of my lawful husband, so goodly and so abounding in wealth. But even so, I doubt not that I shall remember it in my dreams."
English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020)) — 19.499 focus
And resourceful Odysseus answered, [500] “Nurse, you ought not to speak in that way; I am well able to form my own opinion about one and all of them; hold your tongue and leave everything to the gods.”
As he said this Eurykleia left the hall to fetch some more water, for the first had been [505] all spilt; and when she had washed him and anointed him with oil, Odysseus drew his seat nearer to the fire to warm himself, and hid the scar under his rags. Then circumspect Penelope began talking to him and said:
“Stranger, I should like to speak with you briefly about another matter. [510] It is indeed nearly bed time—for those, at least, who can sleep in spite of sorrow. As for myself, a superhuman force [
daimōn] has given me a life of such unmeasurable woe [
penthos], that even by day when I am attending to my duties and looking after the servants, I am still weeping and lamenting during the whole time; [515] then, when night comes, and we all of us go to bed, I lie awake thinking, and my heart becomes prey to the most incessant and cruel tortures.
518As when the daughter of Pandareos, the nightingale [
aēdōn] in the green
519 sings beautifully at the onset anew of springtime, [520] perched in the dense foliage of trees,
521 and she pours forth, changing it around thick and fast, a voice with many resoundings,
522 lamenting her child, the dear Itylos, whom once upon a time with weapon of bronze
523 she killed inadvertently, the son of Zethos the king— even so does my mind toss and turn in its uncertainty whether [525] I ought to stay with my son here, and safeguard my substance, my bondsmen, and the greatness of my house, out of regard to the opinion of the local populace [
dēmos] and the memory of my late husband, or whether it is not now time for me to go with the best [
aristos]of these suitors who are wooing me and making me such magnificent presents. [530] As long as my son was still disconnected [
nēpios], and unable to understand, he would not hear of my leaving my husband’s house, but now that he is full grown he begs and prays me to do so, being incensed at the way in which the suitors are eating up his property. [535] Come, respond [
hupo-krinesthai] to my dream, and hear my telling of it and interpret it [= make a
hupokrisis of it] for me if you can. I have twenty geese about the house that eat mash out of a trough, and of which I am exceedingly fond. I dreamed that a great eagle came swooping down from a mountain, and dug his curved beak into the neck of each of them till he had killed them all. Presently he soared off into the sky, [540] and left them lying dead about the yard; whereon I wept in my room till all my fair-haired maids gathered round me, so piteously was I grieving because the eagle had killed my geese.
English (Alexander Pope, 1726, ed. Watson, 1858) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Alexander Pope, 1726, ed. Watson, 1858)) — 19.499 focus
"Thy aid avails me not;" (the chief replied ;)
"My own experience shall their doom decide;
A witness-judge precludes a long appeal:
585
Suffice it thee thy monarch to conceal."
He said: obsequious, with redoubled pace,
She to the fount conveys th' exhausted vase:
The bath renew'd, she ends the pleasing toil
With plenteous unction of ambrosial oil.
590
Adjusting to his limbs the tatter'd vest,
His former seat receiv'd the stranger-guest;
Whom thus with pensive air the queen address'd:
"Though night, dissolving grief in grateful ease,
Your drooping eyes with soft oppression seize;
595
Awhile, reluctant to her pleasing force,
Suspend the restful hour with sweet discourse.
The day (ne'er brighten'd with a beam of joy !)
My menials, and domestic cares employ:
And, unattended by sincere repose,
600
The night assists my ever-wakeful woes:
When nature's hush'd beneath her brooding shade,
My echoing griefs the starry vault invade.
As when the months are clad in flowery green,
Sad Philomel, in bowery shades unseen,
605
To vernal airs attunes her varied strains;
And Itylus sounds
1
warbling o'er the plains:
Young Itylus, his parents' darling joy!
Whom chance misled the mother to destroy;
Now doom'd a wakeful bird to wail the beauteous boy.
610
So in nocturnal solitude forlorn,
A sad variety of woes I mourn!
My mind, reflective, in a thorny maze
Devious from care to care incessant strays.
Now, wavering doubt succeeds to long despair;
615
Shall I my virgin nuptial vow revere;
And, joining to my son's my menial train,
Partake his counsels, and assist his reign?
Or since, mature in manhood, he deplores
His dome dishonour'd, and exhausted stores;
620
Shall I, reluctant, to his will accord;
And from the peers select the noblest lord;
So, by my choice avow'd, at length decide
These wasteful love debates, a mourning bride?
A visionary thought I'll now relate:
625
Illustrate, if you know, the shadow'd fate:
A team of twenty geese (a snow-white train !)
Fed near the limpid lake with golden grain,
Amuse my pensive hours. The bird of Jove
Fierce from his mountain-eyrie downward drove;
630
Each favourite fowl he pounced with deathful sway,
And back triumphant wing'd his airy way.
My pitying eyes effus'd a plenteous stream,
To view their death thus imaged in a dream:
With tender sympathy to soothe my soul,
635
A troop of matrons, fancy-form'd, condole.
But whilst with grief and rage my bosom burn'd,
English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843)) — 19.499 focus
No, nurse, then said Ulysses, tell not me;
445
You need not; I shall know them every one.
Permit all to the Gods, and silent be;
For they best know what best is to be done.
Then out she went more water to fetch in,
The first being spilt. He wash'd and 'nointed was.
450
And covered the place where th' wound had been.
And nearer to the fire his chair he draws.
Then to them came Penelope, and said,
Stranger, I'll ask you but a little more;
'Tis almost bed-time, and when we are laid,
455
Our grief in gentle sleep is passed o'er.
But all the day my tears are my delight,
Or of my women's work the care I take;
And after I am gone to bed at night
A thousand dismal thoughts keep me awake;
460
As Philomela, sitting in a tree,
Mourns with a lamentable voice and shrill,
For Itylus, and turneth restlessly,
(Whom Zethus' son did by misfortune kill):
Just so my mind divided is in twain:
465
Whether to keep my servants with my son,
And my dear husband's bed, and here remain,
Or marry one o' th' suitors and be gone.
To marry and be gone I could not yet;
My son too young was yet to rule th'estate;
470
And now, grown up, it makes him vex and fret
To see them daily feast within his gate.
I'll tell you now a dream; expound it you :
I've twenty geese feeding i'th' yard without;
A mighty eagle from the hills down flew
475
And break their necks; dead they lay all about.
The eagle straightway mounted out of sight.
I dreaming wept; to see them at the trough,
Feeding on steeped wheat, I took delight;
And to bemoan me ladies came enough.
480
And then methought the eagle came again,
And on a beam which through the wall did start,
English (George Chapman, 1667, ed. Hooper 1857) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (George Chapman, 1667, ed. Hooper 1857)) — 19.499 focus
"It shall not need," said he, "myself will soon,
685
While thus I mask here, set on every one
My sure observance of the worst and best.
Be thou then silent, and leave God the rest."
This said, the old dame for more water went,
The rest was all upon the pavement spent
690
By known Ulysses' foot. More brought, and he
Supplied beside with sweetest ointments, she
His seat drew near the fire, to keep him warm,
And with his pieced rags hiding close his harm.
The Queen came near, and said: "Yet, guest, afford
695
Your further patience, till but in a word
I'll tell my woes to you; for well I know
That Rest's sweet hour her soft foot orders now,
When all poor men, how much soever grieved,
Would gladly get their woe-watch'd powers relieved.
700
But God hath given my grief a heart so great
It will not down with rest, and so I set
My judgment up to make it my delight.
All day I mourn, yet nothing let the right
I owe my charge both in my work and maids;
705
And when the night brings rest to others' aids
I toss my bed; Distress, with twenty points,
Slaught'ring the powers that to my turning joints
Convey the vital heat. And as all night
Pandareus' daughter, poor Edone, sings,
710
Clad in the verdure of the yearly springs,
When she for Itylus, her loved son,
By Zethus' issue in his madness done
To cruel death, pours out her hourly moan,
And draws the ears to her of every one;
715
So flows my moan that cuts in two my mind,
And here and there gives my discourse the wind,
Uncertain whether I shall with my son
Abide still here, the safe possession
And guard of all goods, reverence to the bed
720
Of my loved lord, and to my far-off spread
Fame with the people, putting still in use,
Or follow any best Greek I can choose
To his fit house, with treasure infinite,
Won to his nuptials. While the infant plight
725
And want of judgment kept my son in guide,
He was not willing with my being a bride,
Nor with my parting from his court; but now,
Arrived at man's state, he would have me vow
My love to some one of my Wooers here,
730
And leave his court; offended that their cheer
Should so consume his free possessions.
To settle then a choice in these my moans,
Hear and expound a dream that did engrave
My sleeping fancy: Twenty geese I have,
735
All which, methought, mine eye saw tasting wheat
In water steep'd, and joy'd to see them eat;
When straight a crook-beak'd eagle from a hill
Stoop'd, and truss'd all their necks, and all did kill;
When, all left scatter'd on the pavement there,
740
She took her wing up to the God's fair sphere.
I, even amid my dream, did weep and mourn
To see the eagle, with so shrew'd a turn,
Stoop my sad turrets; when, methought, there came
About my mournings many a Grecian dame,
745
To cheer my sorrows; in whose most extreme
English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey)) — 19.499 focus
My nurse, it were superfluous; spare thy tongue
That needless task. I can distinguish well
625
Myself, between them, and shall know them all;
But hold thy peace. Hush! leave it with the Gods.
So he; then went the antient matron forth,
That she might serve him with a second bath,
For the whole first was spilt. Thus, laved at length,
630
And smooth'd with oil, Ulysses nearer pull'd
His seat toward the glowing hearth to enjoy
More warmth, and drew his tatters o'er the scar.
Then, prudent, thus Penelope began.
One question, stranger, I shall yet propound,
635
Though brief, for soon the hour of soft repose
Grateful to all, and even to the sad
Whom gentle sleep forsakes not, will arrive.
But heaven to me immeasurable woe
Assigns, whose sole delight is to consume
640
My days in sighs, while here retired I sit,
Watching my maidens' labours and my own;
But (night return'd, and all to bed retired)
I press mine also, yet with deep regret
And anguish lacerated, even there.
645
As when at spring's first entrance, her sweet song
The azure-crested nightingale renews,
Daughter of Pandarus; within the grove's
Thick foliage perch'd, she pours her echoing voice
Now deep, now clear, still varying the strain
650
With which she mourns her Itylus, her son
By royal Zethus, whom she, erring, slew,
So also I, by soul distressing doubts
Toss'd ever, muse if I shall here remain
A faithful guardian of my son's affairs,
655
My husband's bed respecting, and not less
My own fair fame, or whether I shall him
Of all my suitors follow to his home
Who noblest seems, and offers richest dower.
My son while he was infant yet, and own'd
660
An infant's mind, could never give consent
That I should wed and leave him; but, at length,
Since he hath reach'd the stature of a man,
He wishes my departure hence, the waste
Viewing indignant by the suitors made.
665
But I have dream'd. Hear, and expound my dream.
My geese are twenty, which within my walls
I feed with sodden wheat; they serve to amuse
Sometimes my sorrow. From the mountains came
An eagle, huge, hook-beak'd, brake all their necks,
670
And slew them; scatter'd on the palace-floor
They lay, and he soar'd swift into the skies.
Dream only as it was, I wept aloud,
Till all my maidens, gather'd by my voice,
Arriving, found me weeping still, and still
675
Complaining, that the eagle had at once
Slain all my geese. But, to the palace-roof
English (H. B. Cotterill, 1911) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (H. B. Cotterill, 1911)) — 19 focus
ODYSSEY BOOK XIX
NOW when the godlike Odysseus was left in the hall of his homestead,
1
Plotting with help of the goddess Athena the doom of the suitors,
Quickly he turned to his son, & with swift-winged words he addressed him:
"Telemachus—those weapons of war—we shall need to conceal them,
Every one, and with words of persuasion addressing the suitors
5
Try to cajole them, if missing the arms they shall ply thee with questions.
Say: 'I've stowed them because of the smoke. They resemble no longer
Those once left by Odysseus behind him when sailing for Troyland;
Spoilt are all by the breath of the fire, where'er it has reached them.
Also a reason was put in my mind by the Father Cronion,
10
Even the fear lest heated with wine and beginning to quarrel
One on another ye fall, and with blood bring shame on the feastings,
Ay and the wooings; for iron itself attracteth to bloodshed."
These words uttered, the youth, as his well-loved father commanded,
Called from her chamber and spake to the nurse, old Eurycleia :
15
"Go, dear mother, and shut me the maids in the women's apartment,
While I shall bear to the room of the treasure the arms of my father,
Lying—the beautiful things—all tarnished by smoke and uncared for
During the years that my father was absent and during my childhood.
Now I will stow them away where vapour and smoke shall not reach them."
20
Then did the dear old nurse make answer, and thus she addressed him:
“Ay and if also, my child, thou'dst give such care and attention
Unto the whole of the house, and the guarding of all of the treasures!
Come now, who shall attend thee and carry a cresset to light thee?
None of the maids thou permittest to come who attend to the lighting."
25
Her sage Telemachus addressing in turn gave answer:
"Lo, this stranger will light me. I ne'er shall allow to be idle
One that has tasted my rations, although he is come from a distance."
Thus did he speak, and the word that he uttered abode with her wingless.
Quickly she bolted the doors of the fair-built women's apartment.
30
Then with his glorious son uprising the hero Odysseus
Carried the bronze-bossed shields and the helms to the innermost chamber,
Also the keen-edged spears; and before them the goddess Athene
Went with a cresset of gold that around poured wonderful lustre.
Suddenly then to his sire turned Telemachus, and addressed him:
35
"Father, it sure is a marvellous thing that I plainly behold here—
Leastways so it appears for the walls and the beautiful alcoves,
Ay and the rafters of pine and the pillars that rise to the rooftrees,
All to my eyes seem flooded with light of a radiant splendour.
Surely within is a god who inhabits the infinite heaven."
40
Him then in answer addressed these words deep-plotting Odysseus:
"Hush! and confuse such things in thy heart, and refrain thee from questions!
Thus it is ever the wont of the gods who inhabit Olympus.
Go now, lay thee to sleep, and alone in the hall thou shalt leave me.
Here will I try to incite to a quarrel the maids and thy mother;
45
Then by her sorrows induced she will ask me the whole of my story."
So did he speak, and his son went forth from the hall and betook him
Unto his chamber, to sleep, by the light of the radiant torches,
Where to repose was his wont whensoe'er sweet sleep overcame him.
There did he lay him to rest and awaited the sacred morning,
50
While in the hall of his palace remaining the godlike Odysseus
Planned with the help of the goddess Athena the doom of the suitors.
Now came forth of her chamber the wise-souled Penelopeia,
Like to the daughter of Leto or Queen Aphrodite the golden.
Nigh to the hearth they had placed her the couch she was wont to recline on,
55
Skilfully carved and with silver and ivory wrought by the artist
Icmalius, and below for the feet he had fashioned a footstool
Joined to the couch, on the which outspread was a beautiful sheepskin.
Hither she came and reclined her, the wise-souled Penelopeia.
Then did the white-armed maids from the women's apartment approaching
60
Set them a-clearing the tables and all of the food and the goblets
Out of the which they had drunk, those insolent men, as they feasted.
Then from the braziers the ashes they cast on the ground, and they piled them
Freshly with many a log, to illumine the hall and to warm it.
Now once more was Odysseus assailed by the maiden Melantho:
65
"Stranger, it seems thou art fain e'en now to annoy us, at night-time
Lolling about in the house and leering after the women.
Get thee away from the palace, thou wretch! Let thy supper content thee!
Else with a brand they'll beat thee and teach thee the way to the portal."
Glaring askance at the maid deep-plotting Odysseus addressed her:
70
"Wherefore thus, good woman, with furious anger assail me ?
Merely because I am dirty and clothed in a sorry apparel ?
Merely because I am tramping the land? But necessity makes me.
E'en as myself must needs be a man that is beggar and vagrant.
Once I was owner of house and of home and was held by my fellows
75
Rich in estate, and was wont full often to give to a vagrant,
Every beggar, whatever he seemed and whatever he wanted.
Many and many a thrall I possessed and abundance of all things
Such as allow of an easy existence and rich reputation.
Then I was ruined by Father Cronion—I ween that he willed it.
80
Wherefore, woman, beware lest thou too utterly losest
All the renown and the glory in which thou excell'st as a handmaid.
Well can it happen if only thy lady is driven to anger,
Or.. if Odysseus return—and of hope still left is a remnant—
Else, if indeed he is dead and is ne'er to return to his homeland,
85
Such is already his son—yea such, by the grace of Apollo,
Telemachus is become, no handmaid here in his palace
Playing the wanton escapeth his eye—no more is he childish."
Thus as he spake he was heard by the wise-souled Penelopeia.
Straight to the maiden she turned and addressed her and sharply rebuked her :
90
"Neither, thou shameless, impertinent thing, doth thy conduct escape me.
Gross is the sin thou committ'st: with thy head thou shalt purge the pollution.
Also thou knewest it well—for thou verily heardst me assert it—
How I was minded to come to the hall and to question the stranger
Touching the fate of my lord; for my endless sorrow outwears me."
95
Turning her then to her woman, the house-dame, thus she addressed her :
"Eurynomé, come, bring me a chair with a cover of sheepskin,
So that the stranger can sit and can tell me his story and also
Listen to all that I ask for I wish him to answer my questions."
Thus did she speak, and the woman, a chair well-polished selecting,
100
Speedily brought it and placed it, and covered it o'er with a sheepskin.
Here did he sit him adown, long-suffering godlike Odysseus.
Then she began to address him, the wise-souled Penelopeia:
"Firstly of all, O stranger, I wish thee to answer a question :
Whence and what mortal thou beest. Tell too of thy city and parents."
105
Her then in answer addressed these words deep-plotting Odysseus :
"Lady, on earth there lives not the man would wish to offend thee
Saying thee nay, for thy fame is as high as the infinite heaven,
E'en as the fame of a monarch that feareth the gods and is blameless,
One that as ruler supreme of a great and a powerful nation
110
Ever defendeth the right; and the dark earth beareth in season
Barley and wheat, and the trees are laden with fruitage, and alway
Yean unfailing the flocks, and the sea gives fish in abundance ;
So by his wisdom he guideth his people and maketh them prosper.
Wherefore all thou shalt ask will I answer thee here in thy palace;
115
Yet, I beseech thee to question me not of my race and my homeland,
Lest by thy words still more thou shalt fill with affliction my spirit
Waking the past, where many a sorrow was mine; and I must not
Here in thy home—in the house of a stranger—with groaning and wailing
Sit and lament; and it profiteth nought to be endlessly mourning.
120
Yea and I fear 'twould anger thy handmaid (even thyself too);
Then she will say I am swimming in tears as a man that is drunken."
Him then in answer addressed these words wise Penelopeia :
“Stranger, if e'er I was deemed to excel in the beauty of person,
All was destroyed by the gods when the Argives, sailing for Troyland,
125
Mounted the vessels—with whom went also my husband Odysseus.
O that he came once more, and had care of my life as aforetime!
So were fairer my fame, and my lot more happy; for alway
Now I am sad—such woes hath a deity sent to assail me.
All of the foremost men who as chieftains rule in the islands,
130
Samos and Dulichium and the woodland heights of Zacynthus,
Yea and the princes around me in far-seen Ithaca dwelling,
All come wooing, despite my refusal, and wasting my homestead.
Wherefore little I care for my guests, or if beggars entreat me,
Little for heralds I care, who work for the weal of the people;
135
Wasted away is my heart as I yearn for Odysseus, and alway
While these suitors incite me to wed I am spinning devices.
First was the shroud that I wove (and a deity prompted me surely).
Rearing a spacious loom in my hall I betook me to weaving,
Working a broad and a delicate web; and anon I addressed them :
140
'Princes who sue for my hand, since dead is the noble Odysseus,
Patiently wait, though eager to hasten my marriage, till fully
Woven this web—lest vainly I forfeit the fruits of my spinning.
Lo, 'tis a shroud for the hero Laertes, to wrap him, whenever
Bringing his destined doom low-laying death overtakes him;
145
Else in Achaea's land might well some woman reproach me,
Were he to lie, who possessed such riches, lacking a grave-cloth.'
So did I speak, and within them the valiant heart was persuaded.
Thus then all of the day at the spacious loom I was weaving;
During the night I unravelled the web, with my torches beside me.
150
Three long years with my secret device I befooled the Achaeans,
Till, when the fourth year came, and as season was followed by season,
After the waning of months, and when many a day was accomplished,
Then by the help of my maidens—the reckless and impudent creatures—
Coming upon me by stealth they surprised me, and loudly reproached me.
155
Thus was I forced, though sorely unwilling, to finish the labour.
Now can I neither escape from a marriage, nor yet am I able
Further device to discover; and urgently also my parents
Bid me to marry; and vexed is my son as they waste his possessions;
Yes, for he knows is already a man, and is capable fully
160
Care to bestow on his home: such glory the Father vouchsafes him.
Navy but I beg thee to tell me the race to the which thou belongest.
Not from a rock thou art sprung nor the ancient fabulous oak-tree."
Her then in answer addressed these words deep-plotting Odysseus:
"Lady and consort revered of Odysseus the son of Laertes,
165
Never, methinks, thou'lt weary of asking me after my kindred.
Well, I will tell thee the truth—though verily pain it will cause me
More than the pain that I feel, as is ever the way when a mortal
Such long years as myself from the land of his birth is an exile,
Visiting many a city of strangers and suffering hardships.
170
Yet e'en so I will answer thy question and all thou hast asked me.
There is a land called Crete in the midst of the wine-dark ocean,
Fertile and fair, girt round by the water, with people upon it
Many—a numberless host; and ninety the towns they inhabit.
Mixed is the speech of the tongues of the diverse races—Achaeans,
175
True-born Cretans, a race high-hearted, Cydonian people,
Long-plumed Dorian folk and the heaven-descended Pelasgi.
One of the towns, and the greatest, is Cnosus, the city that Minos
Ruled nine years; and he shared in the counsels of Zeus the Almighty.
Minos' son, and my father, was Deucalion the heroic.
180
Also by Deucalion prince Idomeneus was begotten.
He was my brother; he sailed with the crook-beaked vessels to Troyland,
Following Atreus' sons. He was better at arms and was elder;
I, who was younger, was called by the name right famous of Aethon.
There I Odysseus beheld: as my guest I received him with presents.
185
Unto the island of Crete he was borne by the might of the storm-wind
While he was steering for Troy, swept southward afar from Malea.
So in Amnisus he stayed, by the cavern of Eileithyia.
Hard is the haven to win, and he barely escaped from the tempest.
Then to the city of Cnosus he came and he asked for my brother,
190
Saying that Idomeneus was a friend whom he loved and respected.
Ay but already the tenth or eleventh morn had arisen
Since in the crook-beaked ships he had sailed for the land of the Trojans.
So to the house I invited Odysseus and treated him kindly,
Offering freely of all the abundant wealth of the homestead.
195
Also I gave him and all of the men that had followed him thither
Presents collected in public of glittering wine and of barley,
Oxen moreover to slaughter for feasts to their souls' satisfaction.
Ten days long in the port were prisoned the godlike Achaeans,
Penned by the hurricane North, that permitted not even on dry land
200
Any to stand on his feet; for a hostile deity roused it.
Then on the thirteenth morning it fell, and at once they departed."
Thus in the likeness of truth he related a tissue of falsehood.
Meantime weeping she listened, her cheeks all flooded with teardrops,
Like to the snow when it melteth away from the heights of the mountains,
205
Thawed by the breath of the Eurus—the snow that the Zephyr hath sprinkled.
E'en as it melteth and filleth with water the beds of the rivers,
Thus was her beautiful face all flooded with tears as she listened,
Mourning the death of her husband—who sat at her side; and Odysseus,
Touched to the heart by the grief of his wife, felt tender compassion;
210
Yet did his eyes keep fixed, as of horn they had been or of iron,
Motionless under the lids. Tears came, but he skilfully hid them.
Now when at last she had taken her fill of her tears and lamenting
Once more found she the words for an answer, and thus she addressed him:
"Friend—for a friend I will call thee—to test thee is now my intention,
215
Whether in sooth he was there with his valiant comrades, and whether
Truly my husband was welcomed as guest in thy halls, as thou sayest.
Tell me exactly, I pray, of the raiment he wore on his body;
Tell me the manner of man that he seemed and his followers also."
Her then in answer addressed these words deep-plotting Odysseus:
220
"Lady, to answer is hard, for I never again was anigh him
These long years and already methinks full twenty they number
Since he departed and sailed from the shores of my native country.
Yet e'en so can I tell how still in my heart he is imaged.
Purple and thick was the cloak that was worn by the godlike Odysseus,
225
Twofold, knit by a brooch that was fashioned of gold and was furnished
Doubly with sockets for pins; and the front was embossed with a picture :
Here was a hound that was holding a dappled fawn with his forefeet,
Watching it struggle; and all that beheld were greatly astonished
How, though golden, the hound kept watching the fawn as he choked it,
230
While in the longing to win an escape with the legs it was writhing.
Further, I noticed the tunic he wore: 'twas of linen that glister'd
Like to the delicate skin that is peeled from a shrivelling onion;
Such was the softness thereof; and it gleamed as the sun in his glory.
Verily many a woman that saw it was filled with amazement.
235
Also a thing I will say, which carefully mark and consider :
Whether at home such garment was worn by Odysseus I know not;
Haply he got it as gift from a friend when he mounted the vessel,
Or from a stranger perhaps for of many a man did Odysseus
Win the affection, and few were like him among the Achaeans.
240
I too gave him a present—a dagger of bronze and a tunic
Beautiful, purple of colour and fringed with a border of tassels.
Also with honour I brought him aboard of his well-decked vessel.
Then, I remember, a herald—his elder in years by a little—
Alway attended him; ay, I can also describe his appearance:
245
Round in the shoulders and dark in his skin, and with hair that was curly.
Eurybatés was his name, and of all of his comrades Odysseus
Honoured him most, for the man had a mind that was like to the master's."
Thus as he spake to a longing for tears still more he aroused her,
Since in her heart she confessed that the token was sure that he gave her.
250
Now when at last she had sated her soul with her tearful lamenting,
Once more finding the words for an answer she spake and addressed him :
"Stranger, before it was only thy misery moved my compassion;
Now as a friend I shall welcome and honour thee here in my homestead.
Yes—these garments, I gave them myself—just such as thou sayest—
255
Folded I carried them forth from my room, and the glittering brooch too
Added to serve as adornment. But, ah, no more shall I see him!
Ne'er shall I welcome him home to the well-loved land of his fathers;
Navy, for I know to his doom in the hollow ship he departed
Sailing for Ilion, city of doom, name ne'er to be uttered."
260
Her then in answer addressed these words deep-plotting Odysseus:
"Lady and consort revered of Odysseus the son of Laertes,
Waste no longer with weeping thy beautiful body, nor sorrow,
Wearing thy spirit away, for thy lord!—Though scarce can I blame thee;
Every woman is fain to lament when she loseth her husband,
265
One who loved her in youth and has made her the mother of children,
Though not a man as Odysseus, the equal, they say, of immortals.
Stay howbeit thy tears and consider my words, I beseech thee.
This I can tell thee for certain, nor longer I wish to conceal it,
Touching thy husband's return that I heard of Odysseus but lately,
270
Not in a far-off land but the rich Thesprotian country,
Ay and alive; and he brings full many a beautiful treasure,
Gifts that he got by request from the people. His trusty companions
All he has lost, and his hollow ship, on the wine-dark ocean,
While he was leaving the isle Thrinacia—since they had angered
275
Zeus and the sun-god Eëlios; for they slaughtered his oxen.
All of them perished, entombed in the fathomless surges of ocean—
All but himself; he was borne on the keel of his ship to the dry land,
Land of a nation akin to the gods, Phaeacian people.
These right heartily welcomed and honoured him like an immortal,
280
Giving him many a gift; and they wished of themselves to convoy him
Safely again to his home, and Odysseus had verily been here
Long since, only it seemed to his mind more prudent and better
Wealth to collect as he journeyed around through many a country,
Since more wily and gainful devices than others of mortals
285
Knoweth Odysseus; on earth there lives not his equal in cunning.
Now it was this that I heard from the King of Thesprotia, Pheidon:
Oft he assured me on oath, as he poured in his hall a libation,
Dragged to the sea was the ship, and the crew of the rowers was ready,
Waiting to carry him home to the well-loved land of his fathers.
290
Me ere this he despatched—for it chanced that a vessel was sailing,
Manned with Thesprotian folk, to the island of bountiful harvests
Dulichium; and he showed me the wealth that Odysseus had gathered,
Treasures sufficient to feed one's heirs to the tenth generation;
Such was the wealth that Odysseus had stored in the halls of the monarch.
295
Now he was gone, I was told, to Dodona, to list to the counsel
Zeus from the thick-leaved height of his oak might utter to guide him
So as to win once more to the well-loved land of his fathers
Whence so long he is missed, whether open his coming or secret.
Thus, as I say, he is safe; ere long thou'lt learn his arrival;
300
Yea he is even at hand, nor afar from his friends and his homeland
Long will he tarry—And yet, I will give thee an oath to confirm it.
First then witness it Zeus, of immortals the highest and strongest,
Yea and the hearth to the which I am come of the noble Odysseus,
Verily all these things that I tell thee will find a fulfilment.
305
While this year on its path still circles return shall Odysseus,
Even as this moon dies and the new-born moon is appearing."
Him forthwith gave answer the wise-souled Penelopeia:
"Stranger, I pray for the word thou hast spoken to find a fulfilment;
Then shalt thou speedily find both friendship and many a present
310
Come from me—such that whoever shall meet thee will hold thee as blesséd.
Ah but in this wise bodeth my spirit, and thus it will happen :
Ne'er shall Odysseus return to his home, and ne'er shalt thou gain thee
Escort hence for the house now lacketh a lord and a master
Such as Odysseus when living amidst us if e'er he was living—
315
Ready to welcome and honour a guest and to speed him at parting.
Hearken, my maids—ye shall wash this stranger and place him a bedstead.
Strew it with bedding—a mattress and wrappers and glistering blankets,
So that he lie right warm till the fair-throned morn shall awake him.
Mind at the dawning of day to prepare him a bath and anoint him;
320
Then at the table with Telemachus let his seat be provided
Here in the hall—'Twill be worse for the fellow, whoe'er of the suitors
Harms him or wantonly vexes his soul. No longer shall such one
Here find profit, although full sorely his spirit be angered.
Navy, O stranger... for how wilt thou ever discern me a woman
325
Better than others in good understanding and thoughtful devices,
Should I allow thee unwashed and unkempt and in sorry apparel
Here to be seated as guest in my hall? Short-lived is a mortal.
Every one who is hard in his nature and hard in his actions,
All men call down curses upon him and long for his ruin
330
While he is living; as soon as he dieth they merrily mock him.
Every one who is blameless in nature and blameless in action,
Widely is spread his repute by the guests he hath kindly entreated
E'en to the ends of the earth, and by many is lauded his goodness."
Her then in answer addressed these words deep-plotting Odysseus:
335
"Lady and consort revered of Odysseus the son of Laertes,
Verily unto my soul have wrappers and glistering blankets
Hateful appeared from the day when the snow-clad mountains of Creta
Faded from sight as I voyaged from thence on the long-oared vessel.
Navy, I will lie as so often I lay all sleepless till daybreak,
340
Since full many a night on a bed unspeakably wretched
Have I reclined and awaited the fair-throned beautiful morning.
Also the bathing of feet delighteth my heart as aforetime
Now no longer, and never my foot shall be touched by a woman,
Any of all of the maidens who work in thy palace as servants,
345
Save peradventure a dame right agéd, devoted and loyal,
One that has learnt in her heart to endure much sorrow, as I have.
Should such woman be present I would not forbid her to bathe me."
Him forthwith gave answer the wise-souled Penelopeia:
"Stranger belovéd—for ne'er was a man more full of discretion,
350
None more worthy of love that has come as a guest to my homestead—
Such is the wisdom and prudence thou showest in all thou hast spoken.
Truly an ancient attendant I own, full sage and discerning,
One who was nurse to my lord—ill-fated Odysseus; she reared him,
Yea in her arms she received him as soon as his mother had borne him
355
She will provide thee a bath for the feet, though agéd and feeble.
Come now, rise at my bidding, thou wise-souled Eurycleia !
Bathe this man. He is like to thy master in age; and Odysseus
Now is perhaps just such in his hands and his feet as this stranger,
Since that a man grows old full soon if he meeteth misfortune."
360
Thus did she speak, and her agéd attendant, bitterly weeping,
Covered her face with her hands, while words right doleful she uttered :
"Woe to me! Woe for my child! All helpless I mourn thee—of all men
Hated by heaven the most, though pious and heaven revering.
Never did any of mortals to Zeus that delighteth in thunder
365
Offerings make of the fat thigh-flesh, and of chosen oblations,
Such as thyself wert wont while praying the Father to bring thee
Unto a smooth old age and thy glorious son to his manhood;
Yet hath he taken from thee—thee only the day of returning.
Yea and MCF as e'en thus in an alien people the women
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Mocked him whenever he came to the far-famed house of a chieftain,
Even as here thou art mocked by the women—the impudent creatures.
Ay and to shun their taunts and their ceaseless insults thou willst not
These should bathe thee; but, lo, I am ready to do as my mistress
Bids me, the daughter of Icarius, wise Penelopeia.
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Gladly thy feet will I wash—not only for Penelopeia,
Navy, but for thine own sake; for the heart in my bosom with pity
Deeply is moved. Moreover, attentively mark what I tell thee:
Many a wayworn stranger arrives at the palace, but never
Mortal I saw so like to another as here is the likeness—
380
So in thy form and thy voice and thy feet thou art like to Odysseus."
Her then in answer addressed these words deep-plotting Odysseus:
"True, old lady—and thus says every one that beheld us
Me and Odysseus : exceedingly like is the one to the other;
So 'tis affirmed—as thyself moreover hast noted and told me."
385
Thus did he speak, and the old nurse, taking a glittering basin
Used for the washing of feet, poured into it plentiful water,
Firstly the cold—then added a beaker of warm; and Odysseus
Sat by the hearth; but his face he had suddenly turned to the darkness,
Struck by the fear lest while that she handled his body the woman,
390
Seeing the scar, might know him, and all might then be discovered.
So she approached, and she set her to wash him—her lord; and she straightway
Knew him, perceiving the wound that a boar's white tusk had inflicted
Once when he went to Parnassus to visit the sire of his mother,
Autolycus and his sons—brave prince, who in craft was unrivalled,
395
Skilled in the taking of oaths, and deceits that a deity taught him,
Even Hermeias himself; for he burnt well-pleasing oblations,
Thighs of the lambs and the kids, and the god vouchsafed him his favour.
Now it had chanced, when he came to the fertile Ithacan country,
Autolycus found there with a new-born infant his daughter.
400
Him laid Eurycleia the nurse on the knees of his grandsire
E'en as he ended his supper, and turned to the prince and addressed him:
"Autolycus, now think of the name that thou willst to be given
Unto the son of thy daughter—the darling that long she has prayed for."
Then prince Autolycus upraising his voice made answer:
405
"Daughter, and lord of my daughter, a name I will tell you to give him.
Hither, behold, I am come much angered at many a mortal,
Many a man and a woman on earth which nourisheth all things;
Wherefore name him Odysseus, 'The Angered'; moreover I promise,
Should he arrive at his manhood, and come to the home of his mother,
410
Even the palace that lies on Parnassus amid my possessions,
Out of my wealth I will make him a gift and dismiss him rejoicing."
So to receive from the prince these glorious presents Odysseus
Come to Parnassus, and Autolycus and the sons of the chieftain
Offered him greeting with grasp of the hand and with words of affection;
415
Amphitheë moreover, his mother's mother, embraced him,
Giving him kisses on both of his beautiful eyes and his forehead.
Autolycus now ordered his sons, the illustrious princes,
Quickly a meal to prepare; and they hastily did as he bade them.
Bringing a five-year male from the herd of the cattle, they killed it,
420
Flayed it and deftly prepared it—divided the whole of the carcass,
Skilfully chopped it in pieces and spitted the pieces on skewers.
Then, when with care it was roasted and ready, they portioned the messes.
Thus then all of the day, till the sun sank down in the ocean,
Feasting they sat, and their souls lacked nought in the plentiful banquet,
425
Till, when the sun went down and come was the gloom of the twilight,
Weary they laid us to sleep and accepted the blessing of slumber.
Now when the morning was newly arisen, the roseate-fingered,
Forthwith gat them away to the chase both dogs and their masters,
Sons of the prince, old Autolycus; and the godlike Odysseus
430
Went with them. Soon they arrived at the woodclad slopes of the mountain,
Even Parnassus, and entered at once in the wind-swept gorges,
Just as the sun with his light new-risen was smiting the cornfields,
Mounting on high from the placid and fathomless depths of the ocean.
Then at a glade of the woodland the beaters arrived, and before them
435
Onward the dogs spread, scenting a trail, and the sons of the chieftain
Followed behind, and amidst of them all went godlike Odysseus
Close to the dogs, and his quivering spear in his hand he was swaying.
Here was a monstrous boar, that had made him a lair in the thicket,
Whither the might of the wind ne'er breathed through laden with moisture,
440
Neither did ever the sun with the shafts of his radiance pierce it,
Nor did the rain drip through it at all, so deep in the covert
Hid was the lair of the boar; and of leaves was a plentiful downfall.
Soon did the sound of the feet of the dogs and the beaters arouse him
Nearer approaching. He rushed from the depths of the thicket to meet them.
445
Every bristle erect, and his eyes all flaming, he stood there
Facing them. Then to advance was the first and the foremost Odysseus.
Lifting his long sharp spear in his powerful hand, he attacked him,
Eagerly trying to stab; but the boar, too quick for him, lashed out
Sideways, striking him over the knee with the tusk; and it ripped through
450
Much of the flesh; but as far as the bone of the man it attained not.
Then by Odysseus was smitten the boar: on the right, by the shoulder,
Struck him and passed clean through him the point of the glittering spear-blade.
Over he rolled in the dust with a scream, and fled was his spirit.
Autolycus' dear sons then busied them over the carcass;
455
Also they tended the wound of the valiant godlike Odysseus—
Bound it with skill, and the dark red blood with a song of enchantment
Staunched; and at once they returned to the home of their well-loved father.
Here did the prince old Autolycus and the sons of the chieftain
Carefully see to his healing, and offered him glorious presents;
460
Soon too, lovingly speeding his willing departure, they sent him
Back to the Ithacan isle; and his mother, the queen, and his father
Joyed to behold him returned to his home, and they asked him of all things—
Questioned him how he had come by the wound; and he duly related
How by the glittering tusk of a boar he was struck on Parnassus,
465
When with the sons of the chief, prince Autolycus, he was hunting.
Now as the flat of her hand passed o'er it, the agéd attendant
Knew it at once by the touch. Down dropt she the foot she was holding.
PATTEN WILSON.
THE RECOGNITION OF ODYSSEUS BY EURYCLEIA
On to the edge of the basin the leg struck sharply. The vessel
Clattered and rang as it fell on its side, upsetting the water.
470
Joy overwhelmed her together with grief, while gathering teardrops
Flooded her eyes, and the flow of her clear-voiced utterance failed her.
Then, to the chin of Odysseus uplifting her hand, she addressed him:
"Yea, thou art truly Odysseus—my child ! my beloved ! my master!
Nor did I know thee until I had handled the whole of thy body!"
475
E'en as she spake she was eagerly glancing at Penelopeia,
Wishing to tell her that here in his home was her own dear husband.
Yet was her mistress unable to answer her look or to note it,
Since that the goddess Athena diverted her mind ; and Odysseus
Groped with his right for the throat of the woman and clutched it and held it,
480
While with the other he drew her anigh him and spake to her saying:
"Nurse, dost thou wish to destroy me—the child thou didst tenderly nourish
Here on thy breast—when at last, all perils and sufferings ended,
Now in the twentieth year I am come to the land of my fathers?
Since thou art ware of the truth (for a god to thy heart hath revealed it)
485
Keep thou silence—that none in the palace suspect it beside thee.
This moreover I say 'twill certainly find a fulfilment—
Should God grant me to vanquish the arrogant suitors, not even
Thee will I spare, fond nurse of my childhood, whenever the others
Here in my halls I shall slay—those faithless ones of the handmaids."
490
Him forthwith gave answer the wise-souled Eurycleia :
"Navy but my child, what word by the door of thy lips hath escaped thee!
Surely thou knowest how strong is my will and unbending my spirit.
Firm I will keep me—as firm and as rigid as stone or as iron.
Also a thing will I say, which carefully mark and remember :
495
Should God grant it indeed that thou vanquish the arrogant suitors,
Then I will tell thee of all concerning the maids in the palace,
Which of them honour thee not and which are guiltless among them."
Her then in answer addressed these words deep-plotting Odysseus:
"Nurse, why talkst thou of these? It is nowise needful to tell me.
500
Well shall I mark them and learn to distinguish the one from the other.
Keep such words to thyself! Leave all to the gods, and be silent!"
Thus did he speak; and the nurse passed forth from the hall to procure her
Water again for his feet; for the whole he had spilt of the other.
So, when at last he was bathed and anointed with oil of the olive,
505
Nearer again to the hearth drew up with his settle Odysseus,
Wishing to warm him, and covered the scar with his ragged apparel.
Then to the lights he attended, and nigh to the glow of the braziers
"Stranger, for mine own sake still one slight question I ask thee.
Soon will be coming for all the delectable season of slumber,
510
Coming for all whom sweet sleep visits in spite of their sorrows,
While for myself.. it was sorrow unending a deity sent me.
All day long I am soothing my spirit with weeping and wailing,
While I attend to my work and the tasks of my maids in the palace.
Then, when the darkness is come and all are buried in slumber,
515
Sleepless I lie on my couch with a close-thronged heart, and around it
Stinging anxieties swarm and distress me amidst of my mourning.
E'en as the daughter of Pandareüs, pale-plumaged Aëdon,
Singeth her exquisite song when the season of spring is advancing,
Out of her hidden retreat in the midst of the clustering branches
520
Pouring with many a varying note her melodious music,
While she bewaileth the darling she slew in her ignorant madness,
Itylus—even her child, whose father was Zethus the monarch;
Thus too wavers my spirit and swaying to this and to that side
Biddeth me now to remain with my son, protecting securely
525
All my possessions and slaves and the high-roofed halls of my homestead,
Paying respect to the bed of my lord and the voice of the people;
Then it will bid me to follow the man who of all the Achaeans
Proveth the best of the suitors and offereth numberless presents.
Touching my son—so long as he still was a child and was thoughtless
530
Never he wished me to wed and abandon the home of my husband;
Now he is grown; and as soon as he reached full measure of manhood
Straight he began to beseech me to go—to depart from the palace—
Angered in heart at the waste of his wealth by the princes Achaean.
Now will I beg thee to list to a dream that I dreamt, and to rede it.
535
Geese, some twenty in number, I keep at the house, and they feed on
Wheat that I put in the water; and watching them giveth me pleasure.
Once, from the mountain descending, an eagle, enormous and hook-beaked,
Heaves them by seizing and breaking the necks of them all; and they lay there
Strewn in a heap in the court, while soaring to heaven he vanished.
540
Then, as I wept and lamented aloud (although I was dreaming),
Hurriedly gathered around me the fair-tressed maids of Achaea,
Hearing me bitterly wail for my geese all killed by the eagle.
Swiftly howbeit returning he sat on the end of a roof-beam,
Whence with the voice of a man he addressed me and stayed me from weeping :
545
'Daughter of far-famed Icarius, take courage! I bring thee
No mere dream but a vision of truth that will find a fulfilment.
Lo these geese—they betoken the suitors; and I, that as eagle
Firstly appeared in thy dream, am returned to thee now as thy husband,
Yea and will bring down fearful destruction on all of the suitors.'
550
Thus as he spake, from its spell sweet slumber released me, and straightway
Peering around I perceived that my geese were still in the courtyard
Greedily eating the corn at the side of the trough, as aforetime."
Her then in answer addressed these words deep-plotting Odysseus:
"None, O lady, I ween, were able the dream to interpret
555
Elsewise wresting its meaning, for truly Odysseus in person
Telleth thee how he shall bring it to pass. Doom threatens the suitors,
All of them. None shall escape from his lot and the death that awaits him."
Him forthwith gave answer the wise-souled Penelopeia:
"Stranger, a dream is a thing right difficult, hard to interpret;
560
Neither is all that we dream oft certain to find a fulfilment.
Twain are fabled the gates of the shadowy visions of Dreamland,
One of them fashioned of horn, and of ivory fashioned the other.
Every vision that passeth the white sawn ivory portal
Lightly deceives, and the message it bringeth is never accomplished;
565
All which pass to the earth by the gate smooth-polished of ox-horn
Smoothly accomplish the truth, so oft as a mortal beholds them.
Never howbeit from thence (do I fear) did my wonderful vision
Come to me; else to myself and my son 'twere joyfully welcome.
Also a thing will I say, which carefully mark and remember :
570
Soon will be here the detestable dawn that will cut me for ever
Hence, from the home of Odysseus. I purpose to summon a contest,
Using the axes that here in the hall he has often erected,
Set in a row as the ribs of a vessel, a dozen in number.
Placing him then at a distance he shot through all with his arrow.
575
Now am I minded to offer this trial of skill to the suitors.
Who with his hands most easily stringeth the bow of Odysseus,
Should he be able to shoot clean through all twelve of the axes,
Him I shall follow as wife, and shall bid farewell to this mansion,
Beautiful, beautiful home of my girlhood, abounding in comfort—
580
Home that I often in future, methinks, in my dreams shall remember."
Her then in answer addressed these words deep-plotting Odysseus :
"Lady and consort revered of Odysseus the son of Laertes,
Make no further delay with this trial of skill in thy homestead,
Seeing that verily soon will return deep-plotting Odysseus
585
Ere by the men, as in vain with the bow smooth-polished they fumble,
Stretched is the string on the notch and the iron is pierced by an arrow."
Him forthwith gave answer the wise-souled Penelopeia:
"Shouldst thou be willing to sit at my side in the hall and delight me,
Never the whole of the night would slumber descend on my eyelids.
590
Sleep howbeit we must; for to live and to lack it is able
None of mankind; such fate is allotted by heaven to mortals,
Every wight that is dwelling on earth, rich giver of harvests.
So I shall mount to my upper apartment, and there, when I enter,
Lay me again on the bed that is ever the place of my groanings,
595
Watered so oft by my tears from the day that Odysseus departed
Sailing to Ilion, city of doom, name ne'er to be uttered.
There I shall lay me to rest. Do thou lay thee to sleep in the palace.
Strew thee a bed on the ground; or the maidens shall place thee a bedstead."
These words spoken she went to her glistering upper apartment
600
Neither alone did she go: she was followed by all of her maidens.
So, to her upper apartment ascending with maiden attendants,
Here she lamented Odysseus, her well-loved husband, till gently
Slumber was poured on her lids by the grey-eyed goddess Athene.