Homer Iliad 9.620

ed. David B. Monro, ed. Thomas W. Allen

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Iliad. Homer. ed. David B. Monro, ed. Thomas W. Allen. Oxford. 1908-1920.

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Current edition Perseus

Ἰλιάς (Greek) (Homer. Homeri Opera, Volumes 1-2. Monro, D. B. (David Binning), editor; Allen, Thomas W. (Thomas William), editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920.)

Translations (9)
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad, Volume 1-2. Murray, A. T. (Augustus Taber), translator. London: William Heinmann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1924-1925.) — 9.620 focus
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad of Homer, rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Butler, Samuel, 1835-1902, translator. London: Longmans, Green, and Co, 1898.) — 9.644 focus
English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020)) — 9.620 focus
Then he nodded quietly to Patroklos as a sign that he was to prepare a bed for Phoenix, and that the others should make their return [ nostos]. 622 And then Ajax stood up among them, 623 the godlike son of Telamon, and he said: 624 “Odysseus, descended from the gods, noble son of Laertes, [625] let’s just go, for I see that there is no fulfillment [ teleutē] that will come from what we say [= the mūthos]. 626 No, on this expedition, there will be no action resulting from words. We must go and tell the news as soon as possible 627 to the Danaans, even though what we say [= the mūthos] will not be good for those 628 who are waiting to receive it. As for Achilles, 629 a savage feeling [ thūmos] does he have embedded in his chest, which holds within it that great heart of his. [630] What a wretched man he is! He cares nothing for the love [ philotēs] of his comrades [ hetairoi]. 631 With that love we honored him more than all the others over there by the ships. 632 He is pitiless. If a man’s brother or son has been killed, 633 that man will accept a blood-price [ poinē] as compensation for the one who was killed, 634 and the one who caused the death, having paid a vast sum, can remain in the locale [ dēmos], [635] while the other one’s heart and manly feeling [ thūmos] are checked, 636 now that he has accepted the blood-price [ poinē]. But for you, [Achilles,] a bad and relentless 637 feeling [ thūmos] have the gods put into your chest, and this, all because of just one girl, 638 just one, whereas we now offer you the seven best we have, and much else into the bargain. Be then of a more gracious mind, [640] respect the hospitality of your own roof. We are with you as messengers from the army of the Danaans, and would be held nearest and dearest [ philtatoi] to yourself of all the Achaeans.”
English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870)) — 9.620 focus
He spake, and, nodding to Patroclus, gave
A signal to prepare an ample couch
For Phenix, while the other chiefs prepared
To leave the tent. Then Ajax Telamon,
The godlike chief, addressed his comrades thus:-
770
"Son of Laertes, nobly born, and skilled
In sage devices, let us now depart,
Since, as it seems, the end for which we came
Cannot be compassed thus, and we must bear
With speed the unwelcome answer to the Greeks,
775
Who sit expecting us; while in his breast
The implacable Achilles bears a fierce
And haughty heart, nor doth he heed the claim
Of that close friendship of his fellow-chiefs,
Which at the Grecian fleet exalted him
780
Above all others. Unrelenting one!
Even for a brother's death a price is paid,
Or when a son is slain: the slayer dwells
At home among his people, having made
The appointed expiation. He to whom
785
The fine is offered takes it, and his thirst
Of vengeance is appeased. But in thy heart
The gods have kindled an unquenchable rage,
All for a single damsel, - and behold,
Seven more we offer, passing beautiful,
790
With many gifts beside. Let, then, thy mood
Be softened: have respect to thine own roof;
For we are guests beneath it, sent from all
The assembled host, and strong is our desire
To be thy dearest and most cherished friends
795
Of all the Achaians, many as they are."
Achilles the swift-footed answered thus:
"Illustrious Ajax, son of Telamon,
Prince of the people! all that thou hast said,
I well perceive, is prompted by thy heart.
800
Mine swells with indignation when I think
How King Atrides mid the assembled Greeks
Heaped insults on me, as if I had been
A wretched vagabond. But go ye now
And bear my message. I shall never think
805
Of bloody war till noble Hector, son
Of Priam, slaughtering in his way the Greeks,
Shall reach the galleys of the Myrmidons,
To lay the fleet in flames. But when he comes
To my own tent and galley, he, I think,
810
Though eager for the combat, will desist."
He spake. Each raised a double cup and poured
Libations to the gods; they then returned
Beside the fleet. Ulysses led the way.
Patroclus bade the attendant men and maids
815
Strew with all speed a soft and ample bed
For Phenix. They obeyed, and spread the couch
With skins of sheep, dyed coverlets, and sheets
Of lawn; and there the old man lay to wait
The glorious morn. Meantime Achilles slept
820
Within the tent's recess, and by him lay
Phorbas's daughter, whom he carried off
From Lesbos, - Diomedé, rosy-cheeked.
Upon the other side Patroclus lay,
With slender-waisted Iphis by his side,
825
Given by the great Achilles when he took
Scyros the tall, where Enyeus ruled.
English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857)) — 9.620 focus
He ceas'd: then order'd for the sage's bed
A warmer couch with numerous carpets spread.
With that, stern Ajax his long silence broke,
740
And thus, impatient, to Ulysses spoke:
English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843)) — 9.620 focus
English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857)) — 9.620 focus
English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey)) — 9.620 focus
English (F. W. Newman, 1856) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (F. W. Newman, 1856)) — 9 focus

New Alexandria Commentaries

Douglas Frame

analysis of the formulaic element at work in the diction to do with “remembering return”

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example of relationship between verbs signifying mind as nóstos. Compare to Il. X.509, Od. III.142

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Gregory Nagy

The Master Narrator now approaches what can surely be seen as the highest point so far in the narrative arc of the Homeric Iliad. Achilles has not spoken since Rhapsody 1. Now, in Rhapsody 9, he will speak again. And what he says will define what can and cannot happen in the rest of the Iliad.

draft js image errorThe embassy to Achilles, featuring Phoenix and Odysseus in front of Achilles. Attic red-figure hydra, circa 480 BCE. Public domain image via Wikimedia Commons.

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This speech is not even addressed to Achilles: Ajax speaks to Odysseus, telling him that it is not even worth trying to speak to Achilles. It is a form of ignoring a person, comparable perhaps to the partial ignoring of Odysseus by way of dual constructions. See the comment on I.09.193–198.

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Ajax here is accusing Achilles of ranking Briseis ahead of his own companions by failing to be swayed when they assure him that they are near and dear to him. There will be more about this speech in a future comment, with analysis of parallelisms between this passage and a passage dealing with a litigation scene as depicted on the Shield of Achilles.

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use of poinē as in the sense of wergild in the context of discussing the litigation scene on Achilles’ Shield

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As Ajax declares, the three ambassadors desire to be philtatoi ‘most near and dear’ to Achilles. So, they desire to be at the very top of this hero’s ascending scale of affection.

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The response of Achilles to Ajax is stark, as we see in common on I.09.650–653.

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This time, Achilles himself declares that he will not concern himself with the Trojan War until Hector’s fire reaches the Achaean ships beached on the Hellespont.

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Phoenix stays behind in the shelter of Achilles while the rest of the delegation make their way back to the headquarters of Agamemnon. Odysseus is the leader of the remaining group, I.09.657, and this group is designated in the plural, not in the dual.

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In this passage, two more women whom Achilles had captured are named: (1) Diomede, daughter of Phorbas, from Lesbos and (2) Iphis from Skyros.

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Leonard Muellner

analysis of Ajax’s speech to Odysseus

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analysis of Ajax’s speech, his use of the third person of Achilles and reference to philotēs

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comparison with, and analysis of the litigation scene (with eukhesthai) on Achilles’ shield

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analysis of Ajax’s speech (esp. about poinē) and its comparison with Phoenix’s Meleagros story and Achilles’ Shield in I.18

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apoina as object of dekhesthai, in the context of analyzing I.18.499-500 (litigation scene on the Shield), and Corlu, Benveniste, and Chantraine

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analysis of Ajax’s speech, his legal analogy for Achilles

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analysis of the application of ilaos (and cognates) to gods (and heroes) with mēnis, here Achilles

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apoina as object of dekhesthai, in the context of analyzing I.18.499-500 (litigation scene on the Shield), and Corlu, Benveniste, and Chantraine

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analysis of Ajax’s speech, change to second person address to Achilles

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analysis of Ajax’s legal analogy for Achilles’ situation and his belonging to their friendship group

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analysis of Achilles’ response to Ajax’s speech

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analysis of Odysseus’ reporting back to Agamemnon only the message Achilles gave him and omitting the concessions Achilles made to Phoenix and Ajax

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analysis of Achilles’ response to Ajax’s speech

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analysis of Achilles’ response to Ajax’s speech, specifically his stipulation that he will not fight until Hector is at the ships of the Myrmidons

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analysis of Odysseus’ reporting back to Agamemnon only the message Achilles gave him and omitting the concessions Achilles made to Phoenix and Ajax

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analysis of the philotēs between Achilles, Phoenix, and the Achaeans, and Achilles’ detaching Phoenix from them

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Richard Martin

When Ajax performs a muthos before Achilles during the embassy (9.623-42), Achilles approves the format of the carefully made speech, although he seems little swayed by its content: "You appear to have said formally (muthēsasthai) all to me according to your heart (thumos)" (9.644-45). Achilles believes that Ajax has made a full disclosure of his views. The verb mutheomai here marks the speech as having a formal nature; full detail is laid out for the audience (Martin 1993:40).

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Achilles' flyting speeches are distinctive through their use of recollection, and his memory feats are uniquely antagonistic. What remain separable modes of speaking for other heroes are for him two sides of the same experience (Martin 1993:141). The strategy of rebuking by recollection appears clearly in his third reply to the embassy. Although Ajax has spoken "according to your heart" (kata thumon, 9.645), Achilles' heart still swells with anger; he expresses this in terms of memory: "Whenever I recall how the son of Atreus degraded me among the Argives, like some worthless itinerant" (9.646-47; Martin 1993:141-42).

The same technique appears in his speech to Thetis in Book 1, which recaps in miniature narrative the first episode in the poem with Achilles' slight reshaping. Only at two points does Achilles intrude as narrator: when he sums up Agamemnon's muthos as a "threat" (ēpeilēsen, 1.388); and when he concludes with the wish that Agamemnon may realize "his own destructive act, that he did not honor the best of the Achaeans" (1.411-12). The narrative is indirectly blaming Agamemnon; its framework is the discourse of flyting. But it is a more convincing rebuke precisely because Achilles restrains himself from indulging in name-calling throughout the narrative (Martin 1993:141).

Even more striking is what Achilles does not remember. His words at 16.72-73, describing the Trojans' flight "should Agamemnon act mildly towards me," do not acknowledge the embassy scene that has just occurred, and this has long puzzled readers. Achilles, whose entire style relies on recollection, who is shown recalling the exact words of his own men's complaints in this same book (16.203-6), surely remembers. By refusing to acknowledge the existence of Agamemnon's offer, Achilles engages in a quite recognizable Iliadic convention—recall the effective silent reply of Diomedes to Agamemnon (4.401). Achilles has played the poetic equivalent of damnatio memoriae. Thus, in the terms of heroic style, he has effectively outdone the rhetoric of Agamemnon, whose excessive style could only cause competitors to enter an escalating spiral if they choose to speak against him. A "successful act of revenge is one that so appropriately caps the original injury that it draws attention to its own significance" in a society that values heroic style. Achilles' great speech in Book 9 is as effective a reply as he could give, verbally; this "forgetful" silence in Book 16, however, is an even more damning statement (Martin 1993:142-43).

References

Martin, R. P. 1993. The Language of Heroes: Speech and Performance in the Iliad. Ithaca.

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