Homer Iliad 7.132

ed. David B. Monro, ed. Thomas W. Allen

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αἲ γὰρ Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον
ἡβῷμʼ ὡς ὅτʼ ἐπʼ ὠκυρόῳ Κελάδοντι μάχοντο
ἀγρόμενοι Πύλιοί τε καὶ Ἀρκάδες ἐγχεσίμωροι
Φειᾶς πὰρ τείχεσσιν Ἰαρδάνου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα.
135
τοῖσι δʼ Ἐρευθαλίων πρόμος ἵστατο ἰσόθεος φὼς
τεύχεʼ ἔχων ὤμοισιν Ἀρηϊθόοιο ἄνακτος
δίου Ἀρηϊθόου, τὸν ἐπίκλησιν κορυνήτην
ἄνδρες κίκλησκον καλλίζωνοί τε γυναῖκες
οὕνεκʼ ἄρʼ οὐ τόξοισι μαχέσκετο δουρί τε μακρῷ,
140
ἀλλὰ σιδηρείῃ κορύνῃ ῥήγνυσκε φάλαγγας.
τὸν Λυκόοργος ἔπεφνε δόλῳ, οὔ τι κράτεΐ γε,
στεινωπῷ ἐν ὁδῷ ὅθʼ ἄρʼ οὐ κορύνη οἱ ὄλεθρον
χραῖσμε σιδηρείη· πρὶν γὰρ Λυκόοργος ὑποφθὰς
δουρὶ μέσον περόνησεν, ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος οὔδει ἐρείσθη·
145
τεύχεα δʼ ἐξενάριξε, τά οἱ πόρε χάλκεος Ἄρης.
καὶ τὰ μὲν αὐτὸς ἔπειτα φόρει μετὰ μῶλον Ἄρηος·
αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Λυκόοργος ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἐγήρα,
δῶκε δʼ Ἐρευθαλίωνι φίλῳ θεράποντι φορῆναι·
τοῦ ὅ γε τεύχεʼ ἔχων προκαλίζετο πάντας ἀρίστους.
150
οἳ δὲ μάλʼ ἐτρόμεον καὶ ἐδείδισαν, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη·
ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ θυμὸς ἀνῆκε πολυτλήμων πολεμίζειν
θάρσεϊ ᾧ· γενεῇ δὲ νεώτατος ἔσκον ἁπάντων·
καὶ μαχόμην οἱ ἐγώ, δῶκεν δέ μοι εὖχος Ἀθήνη.
τὸν δὴ μήκιστον καὶ κάρτιστον κτάνον ἄνδρα·
155
πολλὸς γάρ τις ἔκειτο παρήορος ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα.
εἴθʼ ὣς ἡβώοιμι, βίη δέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη·
τώ κε τάχʼ ἀντήσειε μάχης κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.
ὑμέων δʼ οἵ περ ἔασιν ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν
οὐδʼ οἳ προφρονέως μέμαθʼ Ἕκτορος ἀντίον ἐλθεῖν.
160

Iliad. Homer. ed. David B. Monro, ed. Thomas W. Allen. Oxford. 1908-1920.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The Annenberg CPB/Project.

Current edition Perseus

Ἰλιάς (Greek) (Homer. Homeri Opera, Volumes 1-2. Monro, D. B. (David Binning), editor; Allen, Thomas W. (Thomas William), editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920.)

Translations (9)
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad, Volume 1-2. Murray, A. T. (Augustus Taber), translator. London: William Heinmann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1924-1925.) — 7.132 focus
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad of Homer, rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Butler, Samuel, 1835-1902, translator. London: Longmans, Green, and Co, 1898.) — 7.181 focus
English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020)) — 7.132 focus
Would, by father Zeus, Athena, and Apollo, that I were still young and strong as when the Pylians and Arcadians were gathered in fight by the rapid river Celadon [135] under the walls of Pheia, and round about the waters of the river Iardanos. 136 Their champion stood forth, Ereuthalion, a man godlike, 137 wearing upon his shoulders the armor of King Arēithoös, 138 Arēithoös the brilliant, named the Club Bearer 139 by the men and fair-girdled women of that time, [140] because he fought not with bow and arrows, nor with a long spear, 141 but with a club coated with iron he smashed the army ranks. 142 Lykourgos killed him—with a stratagem, not with power [ kratos] — 143 in a narrow pass, where the iron club could not ward off 144 his destruction, since Lykourgos anticipated him [145] by pinning him through the middle with his spear, and he fell down backwards to the ground. 146 And he stripped off the armor that brazen Arēs had given him. 147 And from then on he wore the armor himself whenever he went to the struggle [ mōlos] of Arēs. 148 But when Lykourgos was growing old in his halls, 149 he gave it to Ereuthalion to wear, his near-and-dear [ philos] attendant [ therapōn]. [150] So, wearing his armor [of Arēithoös], he [Ereuthalion] was challenging all the best to fight him. 151 But they were all afraid and trembling: no one undertook to do it. 152 I was the only one, driven to fight by my heart [ thūmos] which was ready to undertake much, 153 with all its boldness, even though I was the youngest of them all. 154 I fought him, and Athena gave me fame. [155] For I killed the biggest and the best man: 156 he sprawled in his great bulk from here to here. 157 If only I were that young! If only my biē had remained as it was! For the son of Priam would then soon find one who would face him. But you, foremost among the whole army of warriors though you be, [160] have none of you any stomach for fighting Hector.”
English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870)) — 7.132 focus
He spake, and put his glorious armor on.
Then, Menelaus, had the Trojan's hand
Ended thy life, for he was mightier far
Than thou, had not the Achaian kings at once
Uprisen to hold thee back, while Atreus' son,
140
Wide-ruling Agamemnon, took thy hand
In his, and made thee listen while he spake: -
"Sure, noble Menelaus, thou art mad.
Such frenzied daring suits not with the time.
Restrain thyself, though thou hast cause for wrath;
145
Nor in thy pride of courage meet in arms
One so much mightier, - Hector, Priam's son,
Whom every other chief regards with fear,
Whom even Achilles, braver far than thou,
Dreads to encounter in the glorious fight.
150
Withdraw, then, to thy comrades, and sit down.
The Greeks will send some other champion forth
Against him; and though fearless, and athirst
For combat, he, I deem, will gladly bend
His weary knees to rest should he escape
155
From that fierce conflict in the lists alive."
With words like these the Grecian hero changed
The purpose of his brother, who obeyed
The prudent counsel; and with great delight
The attendants stripped the armor from his breast.
160
Then Nestor rose amid the Greeks and said: -
"Ye gods! a great calamity hath fallen
Upon Achaia. How the aged chief
Peleus, the illustrious counsellor and sage,
Who rules the Myrmidons, will now lament! -
165
He who once gladly in his palace-home
Inquired of me the race and pedigree
Of the Greek warriors. Were he but to know
That all of them are basely cowering now
In Hector's presence, how would he uplift
170
His hands and pray the gods that from his limbs
The parted soul might pass to the abode
Of Pluto! Would to Father Jupiter
And Pallas and Apollo that again
I were as young as when the Pylian host
175
And the Arcadians, mighty with the spear,
Fought on the banks of rapid Celadon
And near to Phea and Iardan's streams.
There godlike Ereuthalion stood among
Our foremost foes, and on his shoulders bore
180
The armor of King Areïthoüs, —
The noble Areïthoüs, whom men
And graceful women called the Mace-bearer;
For not with bow he fought, nor ponderous lance,
But broke the phalanxes with iron mace.
185
Lycurgus slew him, but by stratagem,
And not by strength; he from a narrow way,
Where was no room to wield the iron mace,
Through Areïthoüs thrust the spear: he fell.
The victor spoiled him of his arms, which Mars
190
The war-god gave, and which in after-time
Lycurgus wore on many a battle-field.
And when within his palace he grew old,
He gave them to be worn by one he loved, -
To Ereuthalion, who attended him
195
In battle, and who, wearing them, defied
The bravest of our host. All trembled; all
Held back in fear, nor dared encounter him.
But me a daring trust in my own strength
Impelled to meet him. I was youngest then
200
Of all the chiefs; I fought, and Pallas gave
The victory over him, and thus I slew
The hugest and most strong of men; he lay
Extended in vast bulk upon the ground.
Would I were young as then, my frame unworn
205
By years! and Hector of the beamy helm
Should meet an adversary soon; but now
No one of all the chieftains here, renowned
To be the bravest of the Achaian race,
Hastens to meet in arms the Trojan chief."
210
Thus with upbraiding words the old man spake;
And straight arose nine warriors from their seats.
The first was Agamemnon, king of men;
The second, brave Tydides Diomed;
And then the chieftains Ajax, bold and strong;
215
And then Idomeneus, with whom arose
Meriones, his armor-bearer, great
As Mars himself in battle. After them,
Eurypylus Evæmon's valiant son,
And Thoas, offspring of Andræmon, rose,
220
And the divine Ulysses, - claiming all
To encounter noble Hector in the lists.
But then spake Nestor the Gerenian knight:—
"Now let us cast the lot for all, and see
To whom it falls; for greatly will he aid
225
The nobly-armed Achaians, and as great
Will be his share of honor should he come
Alive from the hard trial of the fight."
Then each one marked his lot, and all were cast
Into the helm of Agamemnon, son
230
Of Atreus. All the people lifted up
Their hands in prayer to the ever-living gods,
And turned their eyes to the broad heaven, and said: -
"Grant, Father Jove, that Ajax, or the son
Of Tydeus, or the monarch who bears rule
235
In rich Mycenæ may obtain the lot."
English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857)) — 7.132 focus
'Oh! would to all th' immortal powers above,
'Minerva, Phoebus, and almighty Jove!
160
'Years might again roll back, my youth renew,
'And give this arm the spring which once it knew:
'When, fierce in war, where Jardan's waters fall,
'I led my troops to Phea's trembling wall,
'And with th' Arcadian spears my prowess tried,
165
'Where Celadon rolls down his rapid tide.
'There Ereuthalion brav'd us in the field,
'Proud, Areïthous' dreadful arms to wield;
'Great Areïthous, known from shore to shore
'By the huge, knotted, iron mace he bore;
170
'No lance he shook, nor bent the twanging bow,
'But broke, with this, the battle of the foe.
'Him not by manly force Lycurgus slew,
'Whose guileful javelin from the thicket flew,
'Deep in a winding way his breast assail'd,
175
'Nor aught the warrior's thundering mace avail'd:
'Supine he fell: those arms which Mars before
'Had given the vanquish'd, now the victor bore:
'But when old age had dimm'd Lycurgus' eyes,
'To Ereuthalion he consign'd the prize.
180
'Furious with this, he crush'd our levell'd bands,
'And dar'd the trial of the strongest hands;
'Nor could the strongest hands his fury stay;
'All saw, and fear'd, his huge tempestuous sway;
'Till I, the youngest of the host, appear'd,
185
'And, youngest, met whom all our army fear'd.
'I fought the chief; my arms Minerva crown'd:
'Prone fell the giant o'er a length of ground.
'What then he was, oh were your Nestor now!
'Not Hector's self should want an equal foe.
190
'But, warriors, you, that youthful vigour boast,
'The flower of Greece, th' examples of our host,
'Sprung from such fathers, who such numbers sway,
'Can you stand trembling, and desert the day?'
English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843)) — 7.132 focus
English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857)) — 7.132 focus
English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey)) — 7.132 focus
English (F. W. Newman, 1856) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (F. W. Newman, 1856)) — 7 focus

New Alexandria Commentaries

Douglas Frame

analysis of (the location of) the river Keladon

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analysis of the location of Pylos/battle between Pylos and Arcadia in Nestor’s story in Iliad 7 and its reworking to locate Pylos in Elis (as opposed to Messenia)

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analysis of the location of Pylos/battle between Pylos and Arcadia in Nestor’s story and its reworking to locate Pylos in Elis (as opposed to Messenia), and here in particular the theory of Visser 1997 (and others) to explain the passage

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analysis of the location of Pylos/battle between Pylos and Arcadia in Nestor’s story and its reworking to locate Pylos in Elis (as opposed to Messenia)

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analysis of the reference to the river Iardanos and its location, and the variant versions of I.07.133-135 known to Strabo and Didymus

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analysis of the location of Pylos/battle between Pylos and Arcadia in Nestor’s story and its reworking to locate Pylos in Elis (as opposed to Messenia)

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Gregory Nagy

Up to now, Diomedes has been the hero who comes closest to Achilles in competing for the title ‘best of the Achaeans’. Here in Rhapsody 7, however, the focus shifts to Ajax, who responds to the challenge of Hector to fight in a duel the one hero among all the Achaeans who is truly the ‘best of the Achaeans’. As we know from the overall references to Ajax in both the Iliad and the Odyssey, this hero is considered to be the second-best of the Achaeans in both epics. So, it does not bode well for Hector that, in his duel with Ajax, he cannot succeed beyond fighting such a hero to a draw. If Hector can do no better than fight to a draw the second-best of the Achaeans, he is surely doomed when the time comes for him to face the very best of the Achaeans in Rhapsody 22.

draft js image errorHector and Ajax separated by heralds, pen and ink drawing by John Flaxman, 1790’s Victoria and Albert Museum

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The Achaeans, faced with Hector’s challenge, hesitate, I.07.092–093. Their hesitation seems to indicate that not one of them is really the ‘best of the Achaeans’. Finally, Menelaos is first to volunteer for a one-on-one duel with Hector, I.07.094–103. An absence of volunteers, Menelaos knows, would be aklees ‘a thing without glory [kleos]’, I.07.100. It seems of course fitting for him to be the first, since his grievance against the Trojans over the abduction of Helen is primary, but the problem is that all the Achaean chieftains are aware of his inferiority to Hector, I.07.106, and so, fearing for his life, they restrain him from arming himself for a duel. Even the Master Narrator says outright that Hector was superior to Menelaos, I.07.104–105. Then Nestor goads the chieftains to take up the challenge of Hector, I.07.123–161, and his goading now prompts nine of these chieftains to volunteer, I.07.161–169: they are Agamemnon, Diomedes, the two Ajaxes, Idomeneus and Meriones, Eurypylos, Thoas, and Odysseus. It is significant that Nestor’s words refer to these nine chieftains as aristēes Panakhaiōn, I.07.159. For a translation of this expression, the singular form aristeus of plural aristēes first needs to be correlated with the verb aristeuein, which can be translated as ‘strive to be the best, to be aristos’, as at Ι.06.208 and I.11.784. In the second of these two passages, I find it most significant that the referent is Achilles himself. An aristeus, then, is a man who strives to be the best, aristos. Correspondingly, the expression aristēes Panakhaiōn at I.07.159 must refer to ‘men who strive to be the best of all the Achaeans’.

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Not only Menelaos but Nestor too blames the other Achaean chieftains for hesitating. He goads them into action not only by blaming them but also by telling a story about one of his past successes as a warrior.

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Nestor’s story of his fight with Ereuthalion amounts to a lesson about strategy in warfare. A pivotal figure in the story is the predecessor of Ereuthalion: he is Arēi-thoos, at I.07.137 and again at I.07.138, whose name is a combination of themes involving the god Ares and a primary characteristic of Ares: this god runs with the speed of wind, as conveyed by the adjective thoós ‘running, swift’, derived from the verb theein ‘run’.

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See the comment at I.02.401.

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In the immediate context, only the surface meaning of therapōn as ‘attendant’ is evident.

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By goading the Achaeans, Nestor is engaged in the act of neikeîn: so he ‘quarrels with’ the Achaeans. This way, he engages in the language of blame as opposed to praise. And, even before Nestor starts blaming the Achaeans, Menelaos has already engaged in his own act of neikos ‘quarrel’, I.07.095.

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Leonard Muellner

analysis of the location of Pylos/battle between Pylos and Arcadia in Nestor’s story and its reworking to locate Pylos in Elis (as opposed to Messenia)

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analysis of the reference to the river Iardanos and its location, and the variant versions of I.07.133-135 known to Strabo and Didymus

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in a list of passages exemplifying the complementary metrical distribution of eukhos and kudos

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Richard Martin

Nestor's speech at 7.124-60 illustrates his strategy of thickly layered memory. He begins with his characteristic expression of dismay—"A great sorrow has come to Akhaia. Peleus, the honored horse-driver, would groan"—a phrase that reuses the strategy of his first speech in the poem (1.245-46). He recalls three separate items: Peleus once questioned him about Argive genealogy (7.127-28); he wishes he were young as when he fought the Arkadians (7.133-57); and embedded in the latter ring-composition is a third memory, the heritage of the armor of Ereuthalion, whom he defeated long ago. The importance of armor as a signifier of heroism in the poem (consider Achilles' equipment) and the relevance of genealogical lore place this narrative sign in a wider context. All three memories are set in terms appropriate to flyting as the speech ends: "Thus did Nestor make a neikos" (7.161). It becomes clear that he has used himself as foil to shame the Achaeans into volunteering for the duel (Martin 1993:82-83).

For the broader analysis of Nestor as master of the memory genre, see the comment on Iliad 1.259-274.

References

Martin, R. P. 1993. The Language of Heroes: Speech and Performance in the Iliad. Ithaca.

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