Homer Iliad 17.140

ed. David B. Monro, ed. Thomas W. Allen

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Iliad. Homer. ed. David B. Monro, ed. Thomas W. Allen. Oxford. 1908-1920.

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Current edition Perseus

Ἰλιάς (Greek) (Homer. Homeri Opera, Volumes 1-2. Monro, D. B. (David Binning), editor; Allen, Thomas W. (Thomas William), editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920.)

Translations (9)
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad, Volume 1-2. Murray, A. T. (Augustus Taber), translator. London: William Heinmann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1924-1925.) — 17.140 focus
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad of Homer, rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Butler, Samuel, 1835-1902, translator. London: Longmans, Green, and Co, 1898.) — 17.140 focus
English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020)) — 17.140 focus
Then Glaukos, son of Hippolokhos, looked fiercely at Hector and rebuked him sternly. “Hector,” said he, “you make a brave show, but in fight you are sadly wanting. A runaway like yourself has no claim to so great a glory [ kleos]. Think how you may now save your town and citadel [145] by the hands of your own people born in Ilion; for you will get no Lycians to fight for you, seeing what thanks they have had for their incessant hardships. Are you likely, sir, to do anything to help a man of less note, [150] after leaving Sarpedon, who was at once your guest and comrade in arms, to be the spoil and prey of the Danaans? So long as he lived he did good favor [ kharis] both to your city and to yourself; yet you had no stomach to save his body from the dogs. If the Lycians will listen to me, [155] they will go home and leave Troy to its fate. If the Trojans had any of that daring fearless spirit which lays hold of men who are engaging in the struggle [ ponos] for their land and harassing those who would attack it, we should soon bear off Patroklos into Ilion. [160] Could we get this dead man away and bring him into the city of Priam, the Argives would readily give up the armor of Sarpedon, and we should get his body to boot. For he who was 164 killed was the attendant therapōn of such a man who is by far the best [ aristos] at the ships of the Achaeans— [165] he and his close-fighting followers [ therapontes]. Nevertheless you dared not make a stand against Ajax, nor face him, eye to eye, with battle all round you, for he is a braver man than you are.”
English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870)) — 17.140 focus
English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857)) — 17.140 focus
But Glaucus, leader of the Lycian aids,
On Hector frowning, thus his flight upbraids:
'Where now in Hector shall we Hector find?
155
'A manly form, without a manly mind!
'Is this, O chief! a hero's boasted fame?
'How vain, without the merit, is the name!
'Since battle is renounc'd, thy thoughts employ
'What other methods may preserve thy Troy:
160
''Tis time to try if Ilion's state can stand
'By thee alone, nor ask a foreign hand;
'Mean, empty boast! but shall the Lycians stake
'Their lives for you? those Lycians you forsake?
'What from thy thankless arms can we expect?
165
'Thy friend Sarpedon proves thy base neglect:
'Say, shall our slaughter'd bodies guard your walls,
'While unreveng'd the great Sarpedon falls?
'E'en where he died for Troy, you left him there,
'A feast for dogs, and all the fowls of air.
170
'On my command if any Lycian wait,
'Hence let him march, and give up Troy to fate.
'Did such a spirit as the gods impart
'Impel one Trojan hand, or Trojan heart,
'(Such as should burn in every soul that draws
175
'The sword for glory, and his country's cause,)
'E'en yet our mutual arms we might employ,
'And drag yon carcass to the walls of Troy.
'Oh! were Patroclus ours, we might obtain
'Sarpedon's arms, and honour'd corse, again!
180
English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843)) — 17.140 focus
English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857)) — 17.140 focus
English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey)) — 17.140 focus
English (F. W. Newman, 1856) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (F. W. Newman, 1856)) — 17 focus

New Alexandria Commentaries

Gregory Nagy

The main preoccupation of the Achaeans here in Iliad 17 is to recover the corpse of Patroklos. Their efforts are understandable, in that they are showing their sense of solidarity by trying to rescue from harm the body of a fellow warrior who has fallen in battle. But the motivation here goes deeper. Patroklos is a cult hero in the making, and the corpses of heroes are essential for establishing hero cults in their honor. And the foreseen status of Patroklos as cult hero prefigures a comparable status for Achilles himself beyond the Iliad.

draft js image errorCopperplate etching (1795) by Tommaso Piroli, after a drawing (1793) by John Flaxman.Photographed/scanned by H.-P.Haack (Antiquariat Dr. Haack Leipzig) [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons.

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In this retrospective, it is said that Patroklos has been killed as a therapōn of Achilles, who is described here as ‘best of the Achaeans’. The immediate context accommodates here even the deeper meaning of therapōn as ‘ritual substitute’, since Patroklos himself could become temporarily the ‘best of the Achaeans’ at the moment of his death. At that moment, he is substituting himself for Achilles by prefiguring a future moment, beyond the Iliad, when Achilles will die in a way that matches the way that Patroklos died in Iliad 16.

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The Argives=Achaeans are described here as attended by therapontes who are ankhe-makhoi ‘fighting side by side’ with them.

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In most Homeric situations it is Zeus who is primarily responsible for heroic victory.

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Leonard Muellner

in a list of instances where phanai substitutes for eukhesthai where it is combined with comparative/superlative

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Richard Martin

Glaukos applies the foil technique to Hektor, rebuking him with a harsh speech (kraterōi ēnipape muthōi, 17.141). He first praises three different heroic alternatives: Sarpedon, whose corpse they must fight for, was a great benefit to all when alive (17.152); Achilles, whose companion is dead, is "best by far of the Argives by the ships" (17.165); but Hektor, he asserts, could not face even Ajax—"since he is stronger than you." The rebuke is all the more stinging to an audience that has heard Sarpedon himself use the same foil technique to Hektor previously (5.483-86), posing his own heroic career as the contrast to Hektor's passivity (Martin 1993:74).

For the broader analysis of the foil technique in flyting muthoi, see the comment on Iliad 4.336-421.

References

Martin, R. P. 1993. The Language of Heroes: Speech and Performance in the Iliad. Ithaca.

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